ABSTRAK

RASIONALITAS PENGGUNAAN OBAT PADA PASIEN ANAK PENDERITA INFEKSI SALURAN

PERNAFASAN AKUT DI KLINIK UTAMA DI BANDUNG

Oleh:
Wina Angellina
24121060

Di Indonesia, infeksi saluran pernafasan akut (ISPA) menempati urutan pertama menyebabkan penyebab kematian
pada kelompok bayi dan balita. Dalam peresepannya sering kali diberikan antibiotik Antibiotik dan obat racikan
seringkali diberikan sehingga memungkinkan kemungkinan adanya peresepan penggunaan obat yang tidak rasional
dapat terjadi, karena seperti penggunaan antibiotik yang berlebih dan penggabungan beberapa obat yang dicampur
menjadi satu yang memungkinkan terjadinya polifarmasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memantau menggambarkan
rasionalitas penggunaan obat ISPA melalui pola peresepannya spesialis anak dengan diagnosa ISPA dengan
menggunakanberdasarkan lima indikator peresepan berdasarkan guidelinedari World Health Organization (WHO)
yaitu, jumlah obat per lembar resep, penggunaan obat generik, antibiotik, sediaan parenteral, dan obat esensial,.
Pemantauan juga dilakukan dengan menggunakanserta kriteria Kepmenkes, yaitu yang meliputi ketepatan indikasi,
ketepatan obat, ketepatan dosis, dan ketepatan interval waktu pemberian. Pengumpulan data Data resep rawat jalan
spesialis anak dengan diagnosa ISPA diambil secara retrospektif pada periode JanuariMaret 2016 di salah satu
klinik utama di Bandung. Dari 165 lembar resep dengan total jumlah obat sebanyak 716 obat, didalamnya diperoleh
rata-rata jumlah obat per lembar resep yaitu 4,34 obat per lembar. Penggunaan obat generik sebesar 15,08% dari 108
obat. Persentase penggunaan antibiotik dan sediaan parenteral sebesar 50,30% dan 0% dari 165 lembar resep,
sedangkan penggunaan obat esensial sebesar 16,20% dari 716 obat yang diresepkan. Hasil studi menyatakan tidak
terjadi polifarmasi pada klinik utama tempat studi berlangsung. Penggunaan obat generik dan esensial masih rendah.
Penggunaan injeksi tidak ada. Penggunaan antibiotik tinggi tetapi tidak menimbulkan resistensi karenanamun masih
sesuai dengan diagnosa. Berdasarkan kriteria Kepmenkes, penggunaan obat rasional dapat diketahui bahwa semua
pasien menerima obat dengan indikasi dan obat yang tepat, kemudian ketepatan dosis didapat 48.15% dan ketepatan
interval waktu pemberian didapat 100%.

Kata kunci: ISPA anak, indikator peresepan, polifarmasi, resistensi

 ABSTRACT

RATIONALITY OF DRUG USE IN PEDIATRIC PATIENT WITH ACUTE RESPIRATORY TRACT

INFECTION IN ONE OF MAIN CLINIC IN BANDUNG

By:
Wina Angellina
24121060

In Indonesia, acute respiratory tract infections (ARTI) ranks as number one first cause of death in infants and
toddlers group. In prescription often given antibiotics Antibiotics and personalized compounded medicine drug
often being prescribed, hence probability of so as to allow the prescription irrational use of drug may occur, such as
because the excessive use of antibiotics and the incorporation of some drug mixed into one that allows the
occurrence of poly pharmacy. This study aimed to evaluate describe rational use of drug use by pediatric patients
for respiratory infectionARTI through its prescribing pattern using five prescribing indicators from WHO, guideline
such which are as average number of drugs per encounter, percentage of drugs prescribed by generic name,
percentage of encounters with an antibiotics and injection prescribed, and drugs prescribed from essential drugs list
or formulary, and also . This study also usingcriteria from Kepmenkes MOH criterias for the rational use of drugs
such uswhich are, accuracy appropriateness of indication, accuracy drug, accuracy of the dose, and accuracy
administration interval timing. Outpatient prescription Prescription data were collected retrospectively of pediatric
patientfrom the period of January to March 2016 in one of main clinic in Bandung collected retrospectively. Of the
165 prescriptions obtained, total number of drug was 716. Average number of drugs per encounter was gained by
dividing 716 drugs with 165 prescriptions is 4.34. Percentage of drugs prescribed by using generic drugs name was
15,.08% from 108 drugs, and percentage of encounters with an antibiotics and injection prescribed antibiotics and
injection drugs were 50,.30% and 0% respectively from 165 prescriptions, whereas percentage of drugs prescribed
from essential drugs list was 16,.20% from 716 drugs in prescription. The result showed that no poly pharmacy in
main clinicwas identified. The usage of generic drugs and essential drugs are were low. There is were no usage of
injection drugs. The usage of antibiotic is was high but does not cause resistance becausestill in accordance with to
the diagnosediagnosis. Based on KepmenkesMOH criteria, the rationaluse of drugs can be seen that all patients
received the drug with appropriate indication and proper medication, thenand then the accuracy of the dose
obtained was 48.15%, and 100% precision timing intervaladministration interval abtainedobtained 100%.

Keywords: acute respiratory infection pediatric patient, prescribing indicator, poly pharmacy, resistances