1st Conditional 2nd Conditional
If I practise, Ill speak If I practised, I would speak
fluently. fluently.
If + Past + would (not)
If+ Present + will (not)+ +
Infinitive
We use the 1st Conditional for We use the 2nd Conditional for
real future possibilities. future situations that are hypo-
thetical (improbable, unreal or
imaginary).
A. Put the verbs in the correct tense.
1. We _________________________ (be) a successful
multicultural country if we _______________________
(get) along despite our differences.
2. If _____________________________ (not/there be)
a shared sense of citizenship and identity, multi-
culturalism ________________________ (fail).
3. If they ________________________ (be) citizens of
their adopted country instead of guest workers, they
________________________ (not/be expected) to go
home one day.
4. According to Erol Ozkaraca, the German-born son
of a Turkish immigrant, the concept of multi-
culturalism _________________________________ (be
given) a chance if Germany _____________________
(ever/be) a multicultural society.
5. If the principle of non-discrimination ___________
_____________ (not/be embedded) in the legislative
framework of every country, we _________________
____________ (not/have) an integrated society.
6. If all European States ________________________
(apply) the European Union legislation in force,
immigrants _________________________ (not/have)
to face so many difficulties.
7. Last year the Australian government ___________
_______________________________ (not/be severely
criticised) if it__________________ (be able) to curb
the racist attacks on Indian students in the country.
8. While much good work has been done in Australia
over many decades, if we _______________
_____________ (not/continue) to work to eliminate
all forms of racial discrimination, we _____________
_______ (never/have) a real multicultural society.
3rd Conditional
If I had practised, I would
have spoken fluently at the
meeting.
Infinitive If + Past Perfect + would
(not)
have + Past
Participle
We use the 3rd Conditional for
unreal past situations (hypothet-
ical events that did not happen).
B. Rewrite these sentences without
changing their meaning.
1. There arent many job opportunities for
you because you dont know the native
language of your adopted country. If _____
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
2. We didnt know you were moving. We
didnt help you. If_______________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
3. From now on, organizations must stand
up to extremism to have access to public
funds. _________________________________
______________________________________if
_______________________________________
4. The bombings in London happened
because Britain didnt have a strong policy
to prevent violent extremism. If__________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
5. I am not the PM of my country. Students
are not introduced to diversity at an early
age. If _________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
6. Her Spanish teacher expects her to do
better than the other students because she
is presumed to know Spanish. If __________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
A. Put the verbs in the correct tense.
1. We would be a successful multicultural country
if we got along despite our differences.
2. If there isnt a shared sense of citizenship and
identity, multiculturalism will fail.
3. If they were citizens of their adopted country
instead of guest workers, they wouldnt
expected to go home one day.
4. According to Erol Ozkaraca, the German-born son
of a Turkish immigrant, the concept of multi-
culturalism would have been given a chance if
Germany had ever been a multicultural society.
5. If the principle of non-discrimination is not
embedded in the legislative framework of every
country, we wont have an integrated society.
6. If all European States applied the European
Union legislation in force, immigrants wouldnt
have to face so many difficulties.
7. Last year the Australian government wouldnt
have been severely criticized if it had been
able to curb the racist attacks on Indian students in
the country.
8. While much good work has been done in
Australia over many decades, if we dont continue
to work to eliminate all forms of racial
discrimination, we will never have a real
multicultural society.
B. Rewrite these sentences without
changing their meaning.
1. There arent many job opportunities for
you because you dont know the native
language of your adopted country. If you
knew the native language of your adopted
country, there would be more job
opportunities for you /
be
2. We didnt know you were moving. We
didnt help you. If we had known you were
moving, we would have helped you.
3. From now on, organizations must stand
up to extremism to have access to public
funds. From now on, organizations wont
have access to public funds if they do not
stand up to extremism.
4. The bombings in London happened
because Britain didnt have a strong policy
to prevent violent extremism. If Britain had
had a strong policy to prevent violent
extremism, the bombings in London wouldnt
have happened.
5. I am not the PM of my country. Students
are not introduced to diversity at an early
age. If I were the PM of my country, students
would be introduced to diversity at an early
age.
6. Her Spanish teacher expects her to do
better than the other students because she
is presumed to know Spanish. If she werent
presumed to know Spanish, her Spanish
teacher wouldnt expect her to do better than
the other students.