f1(X)= 0.10X2+0.24X1+0.

07X3-100=0

f2(X)= X1+X2+X3=1000

f3(X)= 0.9X2+0.21X1-280=0

1
x1 (100 0.10 x2 0.07 x3 )
0.24

1
x2 ( 280 0.21x1 )
0.9

x3 1000 x 2 x1

By solver,

X1 1
X2 1
X3 1

Initial value final value of

of X Initial f X New f
1 -99.59 126.789 0
1 -997 281.527 0
1 -278.89 591.624 0
Question:-
The spent acid from a nitrating process contains 21% HNO3, 55% H2SO4 and 24% H2O by wt. This acid is to be concentrated to
contain 28% HNO3and 62% H2SO4 by adding of con.H2SO4 containing 93% H2SO4 and con.HNO3 containing 90% HNO3.
Calculate the weight of spent acid, con.sulphuric acid and con. nitric acid that must be combined to obtain 1000 kg of desired
mixture.

solution:- Basis: 1000 kg of con. Spent acid.

con.HNO3, 90% HNO3

Spent acid 21%HNO3, 1000 kg desired mixture con.

55%H2SO4, 24% H2O Mixing Spent acid 28% HNO3, 62%
H2SO4,10% H2O

con.H2SO4 93% H2SO4

Let, X1= Spent acid

X2= Con.HNO3 D.O.F= N.V-N.E
X3= Con.H2SO4 3-3=0
Where, N.V.= No. variable

No.
N.E=
equation

Material balance of H2O :- f1(X) = 0.10X2+0.24X1+0.07X3-100 = 0

Overall material balance:- f2(X) = X1+X2+X3 = 1000

Material Balance of HNO3:- f3(X) = 0.9X2+0.21X1-280 = 0

f1(X)= 0.10X2+0.24X1+0.07X3-100=0

f2(X)= X1+X2+X3=1000

f3(X)= 0.9X2+0.21X1-280=0
 1 1
x2 ( 280 0.21x1 ) x1 (1 0 0 0.1 0x2 0.0 7 x3 )
0.9 0.2 4

x 3 1000 x 2 x1

By Jacobians method,

Sr. Initial value New value

No. X1 X2 X3 X1' X2' X3'
1 0 0 0 416.6666667 311.1111111 1000
2 416.6666667 311.1111111 1000 -4.62962963 213.8888889 272.2222222
3 -4.62962963 213.8888889 272.2222222 248.1481481 312.191358 790.7407407
4 248.1481481 312.191358 790.7407407 55.95421811 253.2098765 439.6604938
5 55.95421811 253.2098765 439.6604938 182.9282407 298.0551269 690.8359053
6 182.9282407 298.0551269 690.8359053 90.98322474 268.4278549 519.0166324
7 90.98322474 268.4278549 519.0166324 153.441876 289.881692 640.5889203
8 -153.441876 289.881692 640.5889203 109.0441932 346.9142155 863.560184
9 109.0441932 346.9142155 863.560184 20.24735654 285.667466 544.0415913
10 20.24735654 285.667466 544.0415913 138.9597584 306.3867279 694.0851774
11 138.9597584 306.3867279 694.0851774 86.56401995 278.6871675 554.6535137
12 86.56401995 278.6871675 554.6535137 138.773072 290.9128398 634.7488126
13 138.773072 290.9128398 634.7488126 110.3179131 278.7307276 570.3140882
14 110.3179131 278.7307276 570.3140882 134.1872544 285.3702647 610.9513593
15 134.1872544 285.3702647 610.9513593 119.5682432 279.8007517 580.4424808
16 119.5682432 279.8007517 580.4424808 130.7872965 283.2118544 600.631005
17 130.7872965 283.2118544 600.631005 123.4776842 280.5940753 586.0008491
18 123.4776842 280.5940753 586.0008491 128.8355543 282.2996515 595.9282405
19 128.8355543 282.2996515 595.9282405 125.2294084 281.0494818 588.8647942
20 125.2294084 281.0494818 588.8647942 127.8104843 281.8909158 593.7211098
21 127.8104843 281.8909158 593.7211098 126.0434614 281.2886648 590.2985999
22 126.0434614 281.2886648 590.2985999 127.2926314 281.7009701 592.6678738
23 127.2926314 281.7009701 592.6678738 126.4297992 281.4094971 591.0063985
24 126.4297992 281.4094971 591.0063985 127.0358433 281.6108246 592.1607036
25 127.0358433 281.6108246 592.1607036 126.6152845 281.4694143 591.3533321
26 126.6152845 281.4694143 591.3533321 126.9096888 281.5675447 591.9153011
27 126.9096888 281.5675447 591.9153011 126.7048935 281.4988504 591.5227664
28 126.7048935 281.4988504 591.5227664 126.8480055 281.546636 591.7962561
29 126.8480055 281.546636 591.7962561 126.748327 281.5132432 591.6053586
30 126.748327 281.5132432 591.6053586 126.8179191 281.5365015 591.7384298
31 126.8179191 281.5365015 591.7384298 126.7694157 281.5202633 591.6455794
32 126.7694157 281.5202633 591.6455794 126.8032629 281.5315808 591.710321
33 126.8032629 281.5315808 591.710321 126.7796644 281.5236831 591.6651563
34 126.7796644 281.5236831 591.6651563 126.7961281 281.5291894 591.6966525
35 126.7961281 281.5291894 591.6966525 126.7846474 281.5253479 591.6746824
36 126.7846474 281.5253479 591.6746824 126.792656 281.5280267 591.6900047
37 126.792656 281.5280267 591.6900047 126.7870708 281.526158 591.6793173
38 126.7870708 281.526158 591.6793173 126.7909666 281.5274613 591.6867711
39 126.7909666 281.5274613 591.6867711 126.7882496 281.5265522 591.6815721
40 126.7882496 281.5265522 591.6815721 126.7901447 281.5271862 591.6851982
41 126.7901447 281.5271862 591.6851982 126.7888229 281.526744 591.6826691
42 126.7888229 281.526744 591.6826691 126.7897448 281.5270524 591.684433
43 126.7897448 281.5270524 591.684433 126.7891019 281.5268373 591.6832027
44 126.7891019 281.5268373 591.6832027 126.7895503 281.5269873 591.6840608
45 126.7895503 281.5269873 591.6840608 126.7892375 281.5268827 591.6834623
46 126.7892375 281.5268827 591.6834623 126.7894557 281.5269557 591.6838798
47 126.7894557 281.5269557 591.6838798 126.7893035 281.5269048 591.6835886
48 126.7893035 281.5269048 591.6835886 126.7894097 281.5269403 591.6837917
49 126.7894097 281.5269403 591.6837917 126.7893356 281.5269155 591.6836501
50 126.7893356 281.5269155 591.6836501 126.7893873 281.5269328 591.6837488
51 126.7893873 281.5269328 591.6837488 126.7893513 281.5269207 591.6836799
f1(X) = 0.10X2+0.24X1+0.07X3-100 = 0

f2(X) = X1+X2+X3 = 1000

f3(X) = 0.9X2+0.21X1-280 = 0

1
x1 (1 00 0.1 0x2 0.07x3 )
0.24

1
x2 ( 280 0.21x1 )
0.9

x3 1000 x 2 x1

By gauss seidle method,

Sr. Initial value New value

No. X1 X2 X3 X1' X2'
1 0 0 0 416.6666667 21.38888889
2 416.6666667 21.38888889 561.9444444 243.8541667 254.2118056
3 243.8541667 254.2118056 501.9340278 164.3476563 272.7633247
4 164.3476563 272.7633247 562.8890191 138.8393175 278.7152704
5 138.8393175 278.7152704 582.4454121 130.6553921 280.6248529
6 130.6553921 280.6248529 588.7197549 128.0297161 281.2375107
7 128.0297161 281.2375107 590.7327732 127.1873117 281.4340717
8 127.1873117 281.4340717 591.3786166 126.9170403 281.497135
9 126.9170403 281.497135 591.5858247 126.8303282 281.5173679
10 126.8303282 281.5173679 591.6523039 126.8025081 281.5238592
11 126.8025081 281.5238592 591.6736327 126.7935825 281.5259419
12 126.7935825 281.5259419 591.6804757 126.7907188 281.5266101
13 126.7907188 281.5266101 591.6826711 126.7898001 281.5268244
14 126.7898001 281.5268244 591.6833755 126.7895053 281.5268932
15 126.7895053 281.5268932 591.6836015 126.7894107 281.5269153
16 126.7894107 281.5269153 591.683674 126.7893804 281.5269224
17 126.7893804 281.5269224 591.6836973 126.7893707 281.5269246
New value
X3'
561.9444444
501.9340278
562.8890191
582.4454121
588.7197549
590.7327732
591.3786166
591.5858247
591.6523039
591.6736327
591.6804757
591.6826711
591.6833755
591.6836015
591.683674
591.6836973
591.6837047
 f1(X) = 0.10X2+0.24X1+0.07X3-100 = 0
f2(X) = X1+X2+X3 = 1000
f3(X) = 0.9X2+0.21X1-280 = 0

1
x1 (100 0.10 x2 0.07 x3 )
0.24

1
x2 ( 280 0.21x1 )
0.9

x3 1000 x 2 x1

By matrix,
A X
0.24 0.1 0.07 X1
1 1 1 X2
0.21 0.9 0 X3

A-1 6.134969325 -0.42944785 -0.20449898

-1.43149284 0.100204499 1.158827539
-4.70347648 1.329243354 -0.95432856

X=
A-1B 126.7893661
281.5269257
591.6837082

Answer:- Hence,
X1 = spent acid = 126.7894 Kg
X2 = con.HNO3 = 281.5269 Kg
X3 = con.H2SO4 = 591.6837 Kg
 B
100
1000
280