PATENTABILITY SEARCH REPORT

ON
ANTILOCK BRAKING SYSTEM
Himanshu Rawat
Roll.No.:216ME1357

Abstract
An anti-lock braking system is also known as an active braking system or anti-skid
braking system is a safety system that allows the wheels to maintain a tractive
contact with the surface as per the input to brakes given to the wheels of a motor
vehicle by the operators. It prevents the locking up of the wheels i.e. ceasing of
rotation and helps in avoiding skidding. It uses an automated system which works
on the principle of threshold braking and cadence braking used in previous
generation braking systems. ABS in its early days used hydraulic systems to transfer
brake force from brake pedal to the pedal and them to rotor. Then Pneumatics
were introduced and now days a combination of electronic and mechanical systems
is used in ABS. Controlling is done at a much faster rate and provides better control.
ABS offers improved control of the vehicles as a result stopping distance on slippery
and dry surfaces is decreased. ABS stopping distance increases significantly on a
surface with lose gravels but control is improved. Recent upgraded systems prevent
locking of wheels under braking. The front-to-rear brake bias are controlled
electronically. Electronic brake force distribution, traction control system and
emergency brake assist depends on the specific capabilities of the antilock braking
system.

Patents
1. Title: Anti-lock brake system
Assignee: Rockwell International Corporation
Appl. NO.: US 07/216,918
Date: 6 June, 1989
 An antilock brake system utilizes a microprocessor controller to monitor the
rate of speed decay of a braked wheel of a vehicle and to cause release of
braking force under incipient wheel lock-up conditions. The microprocessor
receives a single digital wheel speed input signal and processes the latter in
accordance with a program whereby a reference signal is generated and is
periodically compared with the wheel speed signal to determine if a lock-up
condition is in progress. The microprocessor compares the speed signal with
the reference signal at frequent sampling intervals and when the wheel
speed decreases at a rate exceeding a desired value, the reference signal is
varied by the microprocessor to decrease at a predetermined first rate of
decrement until the wheel speed signal and the reference signal correspond
to each other, indicating that the wheel speed is dropping at a rate in excess
of a desired rate of speed decay. The microprocessor adjusts the rate of
decrement of the reference signal at a second maximum rate and generates
a brake release signal to relieve the brake force applied to the wheel.

2. Title: Antilock brake system with motor current control

Assignee: General Motor Corporation, Delco Electronics Corporation
Appl. NO.: US 07/558,329
Date: 10 December, 1991

The motor current in a vehicle antilock brake system motor driven pressure
modulator is increased in stepwise fashion to ramp the brake pressure in the
apply phase of an antilock braking cycle. At the beginning of each current
step as the motor current is increased in stepwise fashion, the motor torque
is increased momentarily at least by an amount to assure that the static
friction of the pressure modulator is overcome and that motor rotation is
initiated. The motor torque is increased to a value to initiate motor rotation
at the beginning of each current step by momentarily increasing the motor
current to a value greater than the current step value by a predetermined
amount that assures that the increase of motor torque exceeds the static
friction of the pressure modulator.
3. Title: Anti-lock braking system with electromagnetic brake
Assignee: General Motors Corporation
Appl. NO.: US 07/669,144
Date: 12 May, 1992

A vehicle wheel anti-lock braking system(ABS) is provided including a master

cylinder and a wheel brake. A controller cognizant of the rotational condition
of the wheel provides a signal when the wheel condition is within preset
parameters. An actuator frame is also provided having a bore fluidly
communicating with the wheel brake. A piston is mounted within the bore
for providing a variable control volume in communication with the wheel
brake and for modulating the pressure therein. A reversible motor
reciprocally powers the piston. The motor has a rotor with a connected disc.
A friction surface is provided for engagement with the disc to lock the
position of the piston. A plunger is also provided to urge the friction surface
into engagement with the disc. An electromagnetic core, responsive to a
signal by the controller, moves the plunger to a position allowing cessation
of engagement between the friction surface and the disc thereby allowing
rotation of the motor and movement of the piston.

4. Title: Antilock brake system permanent magnet motor having differential

performance characteristics
Assignee: General Motors Corporation
Appl. NO.: US 07/936,485
Date: 15 June, 1993

An electric motor-driven brake pressure modulator having two auxiliary field

windings, one which is connected in series with the rotor of a permanent
magnet field DC motor and another connected in parallel with the series-
connected winding and rotor, to produce different speed/torque
performance characteristics depending on the direction of motor rotation.
In forward motor rotation when the brake pressure is to be increased, the
mmfs of the auxiliary field windings aid the mmf of the field magnets to
produce a higher flux in the working air gap of the motor. This maximizes the
 torque characteristic of the motor for the development of adequate brake
pressure. In the reverse direction of motor rotation when the brake pressure
is to be decreased, the mmfs of the auxiliary field windings oppose the mmf
of the field magnets to produce a lower flux in the working air gap of the
motor. This maximizes the speed characteristic of the motor to quickly
reduce the brake pressure.

5. Title: Vehicular antilock brake system incorporating improved adaptive

control feature
Assignee: Kelsey-Hayes Company
Appl. No.: US 08/237,291
Date: 17 January, 1995

An antilock brake system selectively, controllably applies and relieves brake

force to and from a vehicle wheel. The system determines when the wheel
exhibits a tendency to lock during the application of braking force, and when
the wheel recovers from its tendency to lock after relief of braking force, and
calculates a tuner time which represents the time elapsed between when
the wheel recovers from one tendency to lock and when the wheel exhibits
its next tendency to lock. When the wheel exhibits a tendency to lock, the
braking force is initially relieved, and is thereafter increased as a function of
the tuner time from a previous cycle

6. Title: Antilock braking system and method using a polynomial processor

Assignee: Motorola, Inc.
Appl. No.: US 08/549,619
Date: 16 December, 1997

An anti-lock braking system for a vehicle having a plurality of wheels, and

a braking system that includes a brake for braking at least one of the plurality
of wheels and a brake valve for controlling a braking pressure in the brake in
response to a brake valve signal, includes a plurality of wheel speed sensors
for generating a plurality of input signals. A polynomial processor, in
 communication with the plurality of wheel speed sensors, generates a
control signal based on a nonlinear polynomial function of the input signal.
A post-processor generates the Brake valve signal based on the control signal
so as to provide cyclic control of the braking pressure in the brake.

7. Title: Mechanical Anti-lock braking system

Assignee: Abdulatif Namngani
Appl. NO.: US 08/407,079
Date: 24 March, 1998

A mechanical anti-lock braking apparatus for intermittently releasing

pressure applied by a brake shoe to a wheel being braked includes a control
member, a power input for causing the control member to rotate with the
wheel around a rotational axis, and a control input for changing the position
of the control member relative to a follower connected to the calipers or
brackets to which the brake shoe is mounted. The control member and/or
the follower has a shape which causes the follower to oscillate as the control
member rotates, with the relative position of the control member and
follower determining the magnitude of the oscillations.

8. Title: Anti-lock brake system with piezoelectric actuators

Assignee: Face International Corporation.
Appl. NO.: US 09/272,908
Date: 10 April, 2001

An anti-lock braking system includes a moveable member to be braked and

a friction brake for applying a braking force. A controller actuates the friction
brake in accordance with braking force demands. Braking force demands are
determined by the controller by electrical input signals received from a signal
generator that is mechanically linked to the brake pedal, as well as by signals
from a slip sensor. The slip sensor records values from wheel speed sensor
and computes values that may indicate a slippage condition. Based on the
recorded and computed values, the slip sensor and sends electric signals to
 the controller. The friction brake includes a pre-stressed piezoelectric
element that is lightweight, less cumbersome, and highly controllable as
compared with prior anti-lock braking devices, and is actuated via electrical
signals rather than a mechanical system. A modification is disclosed in which
an anti-lock system is placed on each wheel with independent slip sensors
providing signals to controllers that control application of braking forces over
each wheel as necessary.

9. Title: Anti-lock brake system for rollerblades

Assignee: Azor Horton
Appl. NO.: US 09/531,553
Date: 3 July, 2001

An anti-lock braking system includes a moveable member to be braked and

a friction brake for applying a braking force. A controller actuates the friction
brake in accordance with braking force demands. Braking force demands are
determined by the controller by electrical input signals received from a signal
generator that is mechanically linked to the brake pedal, as well as by signals
from a slip sensor. Based on the recorded and computed values, the slip
sensor and sends electric signals to the controller. The friction brake includes
a pre-stressed piezoelectric element that is lightweight, less cumbersome,
and highly controllable as compared with prior anti-lock braking devices, and
is actuated via electrical signals rather than a mechanical system. A
modification is disclosed in which an anti-lock system is placed on each
wheel with independent slip sensors providing signals to controllers that
control application of braking forces over each wheel as necessary.

10. Title: Anti-lock braking system module for aircraft equipped with master
cylinder brake systems
Assignee: Honeywell International Inc.
Appl. NO.: US 10/054,048
Date: 6 January, 2004
 A combination brake and anti-lock system for a wheeled vehicle such as an
aircraft includes an operator controlled source of pressurized hydraulic fluid
for selectively applying hydraulic pressure to a hydraulically actuated wheel
rotation braking device which responds to the applied hydraulic pressure to
apply a braking force to a wheel of the vehicle to thereby arresting wheel
motion. There is a low pressure hydraulic fluid return with a normally open
hold valve in circuit between the source and the braking device for
selectively opening and closing a fluid flow path from the source to the
braking device and a normally closed decay valve in circuit between
the braking device and the return for selectively opening and closing a fluid
flow path from the braking device to the return. A wheel speed sensing
device provides an indication of the rotational speed of the wheel and a valve
control responds to an indication of a skid indicative wheel speed irregularity
from the sensing device to close the normally open valve and open the
normally closed valve. The valve control may be disabled manually by an
operator on command or automatically upon detecting an anti-skid
malfunction

11. Title: Predictive control algorithm for an antilock braking system for an
automotive vehicle
Assignee: Visteon Global technologies Inc.
Appl. NO.: US 10/071,070
Date: 27 April, 2004

A control system for an automotive vehicle includes a wheel speed sensor

generating a rotational speed signal and a controller coupled to the wheel
speed sensor. The controller determines a vehicle speed, calculates wheel
slip based upon the vehicle speed and the rotational speed, calculates a
predicted future wheel slip based upon the vehicle speed and the rotational
speed, estimates a normal force on the wheel, calculates a modified brake
torque signal in response to the wheel slip, the predicted future wheel slip
and the normal force, and actuates the wheel brake in response to the
modified brake torque signal.
12. Title: Antilock braking system based roll over prevention
Assignee: Bendix Commercial Vehicle Systems
Appl. NO.: US 10/158,294
Date: 25 May, 2004

A rollover prevention system for a vehicle includes an antilock braking

system and a plurality of wheel-end modulator valves associated with
respective wheels. The antilock braking system includes an electronic control
unit and a lateral acceleration estimator for determining a lateral
acceleration of the vehicle. The wheel-end modulator valves cause
respective braking pressures to be applied at the respective wheels as a
function of the lateral acceleration of the vehicle and a level of frictional
contact between the wheels and a driving surface.

13. Title: Antilock Brake system for a bicycle

Assignee: Tan-Cheng Huang
Appl. NO.: US 10/391,236
Date: 7 September, 2004

An anti-lock brake system for a bicycle having sliding assembly (having a

brake shoe therein) and a plurality of springs defined in a brake shoe holder
in turn, a bottom of the brake shoe holder and a connecting side of the sliding
assembly are correspondingly in gradient formed and both of them to be
abutted against each other and they are slanted formed outwardly in
accordance with the direction of the rotation of the tire of the bicycle. The
sliding assembly further includes a plurality of recesses formed therein for
receiving sliding members, an abrasion-resistant member disposed at the
bottom of the recess of the brake shoe holder.

14. Title: Vehicle Antilock brake control system

Assignee: Japan Electronic Industry Limited.
Appl. NO.: US 10/213,565
Date: 30 May, 2006
 A vehicular antilock brake control system does not require a lengthy
extension piping from its actuator. The system provides for an accurate
controlling method for maximizing a calculated road surface friction
coefficient. Each wheel has a control unit consisting of a stress sensor, a
controller and an actuator installed at the respective wheel. A stress value is
detected, representative of road surface friction value or road surface
friction coefficient value, for the corresponding wheel independently of the
other wheels. In response to the output signal of the sensor, the controller
regulates the actuator which controls brake fluid pressure applied to the
respective wheel.

15. Title: Distributed antilock brake system

Assignee: Bendix Commercial Vehicle Systems.
Appl. NO.: US 11/005,753
Date: 8 June, 2006

An antilock brake system architecture including a first control module,

wherein the first control module is in communication with at least one front
brake and at least one sensor, and wherein the sensor is in communication
with at least one wheel, and wherein the first control module controls the
brake in response to information received from the sensor; and a second
control module, wherein the second control module is in communication
with at least one rear brake and at least one sensor, and wherein the sensor
is in communication with at least one wheel, and wherein the second control
module controls the brake in response to information received from the
sensor, and wherein the second control module is in communication with
the first control module.

16. Title: Antilock brake system

Assignee: Antonio Cannata, Andrew M. Spriet
Appl. NO.: US 11/118,407
Date: 8 May, 2007
 An antilock brake system for use with a self-energizing brake system having
hydraulic interconnected actuators that act on an eccentric rotor and a brake
exciter that provides for disengagement of the actuators from the rotor. The
antilock brake system has wheel speed sensors that provide for a control
module to determine when a wheel is in a state of immanent brake lock-up
and to generate a control signal. Responsive to the control signal a brake
disengagement module provides for regulation of the brake force generated
by the brake system by alternately causing the exciter to operate the
actuators to disengage and to re-engage the rotor.

17. Title: Tone ring for an antilock braking system

Assignee: International Truck Intellectual Property Company, Llc.
Appl. NO.: US 12/188,845
Date: 20 September, 2011

An ABS tone ring is made of a thermo-set plastic material transparent to

electro-magnetic radiation. A plurality of discrete, spaced magnets or ferro-
magnetic buttons is arrayed in a circle, embedded in the tone ring. The
thermo-set plastic is heat tolerant and resistant to road salt and oxidation
and protects the magnets or buttons from oxidation and corrosion.

18. Title: An antilock braking system with continuous wheel slip control
Assignee: Kelsey-Hayes Company
Appl. NO.: EP20040715675
Date: 18 April, 2012

An ABS algorithm that continuously cycles vehicle rear wheel brake

operation between apply and dump modes to develop data for controlling
the front wheel brakes during an ABS braking cycle. The pressure applied to
the front wheel brakes is continuously adjusted by small amounts and is kept
essentially constant to maintain the front wheels at a peak friction slip point.
The algorithm significantly reduces the vehicle stopping distance while also
significantly improving the ride quality.
19. Title: Antilock braking system diagnostics tool and method
Assignee: Spx Corporation
Appl. NO.: US 12/266,612
Date: 1 May,2012

A method of diagnosing, installing, repairing and/or maintaining an antilock

braking system (ABS) unit in a motorcycle. The method includes connecting
a diagnostic tool to an ABS unit of a motorcycle, communicating with the ABS
unit using the diagnostic tool and informing a mechanic utilizing the
diagnostic tool about a component in the ABS unit. Also, a tool for
diagnosing, installing, repairing and/or maintaining an antilock braking
system(ABS) unit in a motorcycle.

20. Title: Antilock braking system with directional control

Assignee: Textron Innovations Inc.
Appl. NO.: US 13/419,493
Date: 19 April, 2016

A system and method for adjusting a yaw of an aircraft having an antilock

braking system is disclosed. The antilock braking system includes a controller
configured to receive a directional input from a rudder. The controller is
further configured to deliver a braking output to at least one of a left wheel
brake and a right wheel brake. A position of the rudder indicates a pilot's
desired steering response, and to allow for braking optimization by the
antilock braking system, the pilot depresses fully the left wheel brake pedal
and the right wheel brake pedal. The controller receives the directional input
after both the right wheel brake pedal and the left wheel brake pedal have
been fully depressed. The controller then delivers the braking output and a
pressure on one of the left wheel brake and the right wheel brake is reduced
in accordance with the directional input.