Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Air Quality
Global Warming
Energy Security
Infrastructure
Constraints
Driver for Current Vehicle Designs
Environmental Resource Utilisation Customer
Protection Satisfaction
Fuel Efficiency
Reduced Emission
Re-cycling Reliability Comfort
Reduction of CO2 Reduced Maintenance Cost
Government Legislation
Durability
16%
4%
3%
77%
Applicability 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2009 2010
MAJOR CITIES
(Banaglore,Hyderabad,Pune, EURO I EURO II EURO III EURO IV
Kanpur,Ahmedabad, Surat 04/2003 04/2005
and Agra)
REST OF COUNTRY EURO I EURO II EURO III
04/2005
Change in Tailpipe Emissions
Petrol Passenger Car
Diesel Passenger Car 18
16.3
25 21.6 14
12 11.68
20
10
15 8
10 6
7.9
3.69
4 2.7
5 2.65
3.83 2 1.18
1.78 1.25 0.825
0 0
1991 1996 1999 2000 2005 2010 BS V ?
1991 1996 1999 2000 2005 2010 BS V ?
30.00 BS-I BS-II BS-III BS-IV
BS-I BS-II BS-III BS-IV
25.5
25.00
2 & 3 Wheelers Commercial Vehicles
Regulated Pollutants (g/kWhr)
35
Regulated Pollutants
20.00
30 29.0
15.00 25
(g/kWhr)
20
13.96
10.00 8.10 15 12.25
10 7.86
5.00 4.0
3.0 2.0 5 3.98
0
0.00 1991 1996 2000 2001 2005 2010
96
)
-I)
-IV
-II
I
-II
ge
19
ge
19911 1996 2000 2005 2010
ge
ge
2 3 4 5
ta
BS-III
ta
BS-IV
ta
BS-I
ta
tS
tS
tS
tS
ra
ra
ra
ra
ha
BS I BS II BS III
ha
ha
ha
(B
(B
Need to assess impact on environment - Future road map needed
(B
(B
00
02
05
10
20
20
20
20
Outcome of Auto Fuel Policy
Fuel Mega Major Rest Of India
Major cities
Quality Cities Cities
Mega Cities
Euro II April 2001. April 2003. April 2005.
Delhi Euro III April 2005. April 2010.
Agra
Euro IV April 2010. Not decided
Kanpur
Ahmedabad
Surat Kolkatta
Mumbai
Hyderabad
India Emission Regulations ~ EU Regulation
Pune Challenge to Vehicle Manufacturers:
Different Fuel Quality in different parts of
Bangalore the Country
Chennai
Same vehicles plying in various areas
Effects after-treatment devices/ OBD/
other engine components.
A SIAM Presentation
Why Fuel Quality is Important for
Emission Norms ..?
Some properties directly affect Engine
combustion & thus tail pipe emission
Becomes critical as emission norms become
stringent
Some properties affect engine subsystems
& cause emission deterioration during
vehicle use An issue to meet emission
deterioration limits of 80000 / 120000km as
per regulation
Why Fuel Quality is Important for
Emission Norms ..?
Some properties affect after treatment
devices (ATD) & cause emission
deterioration or premature failure of
ATD Difficulty to get sustainable
emission deterioration limits
Some properties are critical for OBD
sensors & its durability causing
frequent MIL lamp warning
Gasoline
Gasoline Engine Technology Advancement
Fuel After
Engine
Introduction Treatment
Design
System Devices
Sulphur
Olefins
Benzene
Octane
Number
E100
Aromatics
Gasoline Sulfur - Effect on Emissions
Reduce efficiency of Catalysts
Adversely affect O2 Sensors
Affect On- Board Diagnostics
Ultra low sulfur (10ppm) require for Engine with
DeNOx Catalysts & NOx trap system Lean
Burn & GDI Engines
Important for Emission Durability of Catcon
ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY VEHICLES
MORE SENSITIVE TO SULFUR
Effect of Other Gasoline Properties on Emission
Gasoline Property Effect on Emission
Sulfur 0 (SO2)
Aromatics 0 0
Benzene 0 0 0 0
Olefins 0 0 (O3)
Oxygenates 0 (CO2)
RVP 0 0 0 0
E100 0 0 0 0
720 -
Density, kg/m3 710-770 720-775 720-775 720-775 775
RON,
min 88 / 93 91 / 95 91 / 95 91 / 95 95
(Regular / Premium)
MON, Min. --- 81 / 85 81 / 85 81 / 85 85
(Regular / Premium)
Gasoline Specification .Contd
FUEL PARAMETERS BS II BS III BS IV EURO IV EURO V
BIS BIS BIS EN-228 EN-228
Compliance
-Reduced Crevice
Unit Injector / CRDI EGR with Elec. Control
-Reduced Pist.Crown
EURO-III
Oxidation Catalysts -Piston Ring Design
-Modified Comb. Ch
Ultra Low sulfur essential for diesel engine as the norms get
revised & advanced type of after treatment devise used
Importance of Various Properties of Diesel
Diesel Property Effect on Emission
- Reduces CO, HC & Nox
Cetane Number - Reduces Noise, Improve Cold Startability
- Reduce Whote smoke
- Reduces CO, HC & Nox
Density & Viscosity - Reduce Density reduce Fuel Cons.
- Reduce Density reduce viscosity
- Influence PM
Sulfur - De Nox catalyst sensitive to S
- Low S causes FIE wear
- Influences Nox emission
Aromatics - PAH affects Particulate formation
- Reduce filter clogging
No clear roadmap on
Ethanol gasoline blends
Bio Diesel
LPG
CNG
Hydrogen & HCNG Blends
A SIAM Presentation
Ethanol / Gasoline Blend
5% Blend of Ethanol Gasoline
implemented in India
No clear time frame available for all India
implementation
Sustained availability is a issue
Government considering introduction of
10 % blend
However no roadmap notified for
sustained all India implementation
Impact on in use vehicles particularly,
Two-wheelers is of concern
Impact of 10 % blend on increased fuel
consumption not highlighted
A SIAM Presentation
Biodiesel
National Bio Fuel Policy - MNRE
Vision
Accelerated development & promotion of cultivation
Production & use of bio-fuels to substitute petrol & diesel
Transport
Stationary and other applications
Benefits
Energy Security
Climate Change Mitigation
Create new Employment Opportunities
Environmentally Sustainable development
A SIAM Presentation
CNG / LPG
The specifications of CNG vary from city to city
The properties have now been frozen as directed
by EPCA
BIS standard still to be finalised
Sulphur content important needs to be further
reduced
Audit systems for quality needs to be put in place
Roadmap on availability in different cities on
sustained basis is necessary for the Industry to
prepare their production plans
A SIAM Presentation
A Typical CNG Dispensing Station in
Delhi
CNG Storage Cascade at CNG Dispensing
Station
What need to be Done for future
Emission and fuel quality are integral
Need to adhere to requisite quality a
must.
Gasoline & Diesel properties influence
engine out emission & affect after
treatment devices & OBD sensors.
Road map for future Emission & Fuel
Quality need to be evolved & notified
A SIAM Presentation
What need to be Done for future
Alignment of petrol / diesel standards
with EU regulations in all respects.
Need to evolve standards for CNG, LPG,
Bio Fuels & Hydrogen CNG blends
Roadmap for sustained availability in
consultation with all stake holders needs
to be notified
A SIAM Presentation