Unit I

Fr. I. JESUDOSS, SJ., Ph.D.
Associate Professor in Education

SXCE, Palayamkottai-627 002
NET EXAMINATION
PAPER-I
UNIT-I
TEACHING APTITUDE
Aptitude:-
Aptitude refers to ones promise, probability of success or failure upon training. It is
predictive and prospective. The higher the aptitude the higher the chances of success.
Process of teaching
Who is to teach, whom to teach, why to teach, what to teach, how to teach, when to
teach, where to teach?
Important characteristics of teaching
Teaching is an art and a science, tri polar process, interactive process, conscious and
unconscious process, dynamic, task-oriented, dominated by communication skills, facilitates
learning, therapy to learners, harmonizing learning, measurable, helping the child to respond
to his environment, stimulating the child, guiding the child, profession, training the emotions
of child.
Important competencies required for a teacher
1. Subject matter competency

2. Presentation competency
3. Decision making competency
4. Social consciousness competency
Components of the teaching process
1. Instructional goals
2. Entering behaviour
3. Instructional procedures
4. Performance assessment
Slogans of the Teachers
1. Knowledge cannot be given unless it is taken
1
Slogans of the Teachers

1. Knowledge cannot be given unless it is taken
2. Seeing the subject matter through the eyes of pupils
3. Hearing the subject matter through the ears of pupils
4. Understanding through the minds of pupils
Maxims of Teaching
1. Proceed from the known to unknown
2. Proceed from simple to complex
3. Proceed from easy to difficult
4. Proceed from concrete to abstract
5. Proceed from particular to general
6. Proceed from indefinite to definite
7. Proceed from empirical to rational
8. Proceed from psychological to logical
9. Proceed from whole to parts
10. Proceed from near to far
11. Proceed from analysis to synthesis
12. Proceed from actual to representative
13. Proceed inductively
Teaching Phases
Teaching
Pre-active Interactive Post active
(Planning) (Implementation) (Evaluation)
Fixing goals & Diagnosis & action, Testing feed back to

strategies reaction teaching
Objectives of Teaching
1. To acquire knowledge
2. To develop skills & abilities
3. To develop interest
4. To develop attitudes
Skill involves some kind of performance. Skill means the ability to perform a given act
with ease and precision-Psychomotor activity
LEARNING
2
It is relatively, progressive and enduring changes in behaviour, resulted through

Interaction with the environment.
Learning is an adaptation process. Enrichment of experience.

Learning is modification of behaviour- J.F. Travers
Learning is change in insights, behaviour, perception, motivation or a combination of
these- M.L. Bigge.
Learning is adjustment, active, intelligent, purposeful, organizing experience,
individual & social, learning is growth, product of environment.
Pillars of learning
1. Learning to know. 2. Learning to do
3. Learning to live together 4. Learning to be
Factors that affect teaching:
a) Teacher factor: Sex, age, personality, socio-economic status, knowledge, ability,

Language, instruction, attitudes, experience, qualification and training.
b) Student factor: Fatique, family back ground, juvenile delinquency, poor IQ, etc.
c) School factors: Location of the school, types of school, management, subject matter,
level taught, source and social status of teacher.
Internal classroom factors affecting learning
Goals /Motivation /Interest/Attention/Practice/Fatigue/Aptitude/Attitude/Emotional

factors /Speed, Accuracy Age/Learning activities/Testing/Guidance/Materials
Other factors of learning
Age /Attentiveness/Concentration/Physiological conditions/Life bents & disposition
Knowledge of success & failure/Significance of task/Absence of worry & irrelevant emotional

excitement
3
Herbartian steps in teaching:
In teacher education colleges, Herbartian steps were considered to be the effective

method of teaching. Following are the FIVE steps:
i. Preparation
ii. Presentation
iii. Association
iv. Assimilation
v. Application
The method of teaching should have the following purposes:
i. To inculcate love of work

ii. To develop the capacity for clear thinking
iii. To discourage cramming
iv. To expand the range of interest of the students
v. To make the students highly efficient in their work
vi. To teach the students to apply knowledge in their daily work
vii. To develop the capacity for personal initiative and independent work
Different forms of teaching:
Teaching : To bring changes in the behaviour of students
Conditioning : To improve the learning skills of students
Training : Shaping the behaviour and conduct
Instruction : Acquisition of knowledge
Indoctrination : Formation of beliefs
The ways in which the objectives of teaching could be realized:
i. Better understanding of the teacher

ii. Building confidence of the teacher trainees
iii. Effective methods of teaching
iv. Building a proper attitude towards the teaching profession
v. Familiarity with the latest trends in Education
4
vi. Familiarity with the school organization

vii. Creating social insight
viii. Improving standards and training for democracy
Educational objectives
Prof. Benjamin. S. Bloom-Chicago University
3 DOMAINS
1. Cognitive 2. Affective 3. Psychomotor domain
Evaluation Characterizing Naturalisation
Synthesis Organizing Articulation
Analysis Valuing Precision
Application Responding Manipulation
Comprehension Receiving Imitation
Knowledge
Teaching-Learning activity, its managing involves four steps.
1. Planning
2. Organising
3. Leading
4. Controlling
Important teaching strategies
1. Lecturing /Demonstration/Individual practical work /Workshop /Field trips
2. Projects /Discussion /Seminar/conference /Class& home assignments
3. Tutorial /Programmed Instruction /Teaching machines /Keller plan
4. Computer assisted Instruction
Learning Process involves
1. Acquisition of knowledge
2. Retention of knowledge
3. Application of knowledge
5
4. Transfer of learning
Teachers should focus on the process of listening and develop the students ability to
listen with interest and comprehension.
Listening is the first skill required to be mastered. Interest in a topic increases the
listeners motivation to listen.
Interest is the greatest word in education. Interest is the mother of attention and
attention is the mother of memory.
Interests generate attention. Acquired interests are called hobbies.
Teaching Aids:
Audio-visual aids, in modern age, are used as teaching aids for all. They make the
concept more clear and can be repeated over and over again.
Principles of Audio-visual aids:
i.) Principle of fulfillment of objectives

ii.) Principle of selection
iii.) Principle of presentation
iv.) Principle of effectiveness
v.) Principle of evaluation
Advantages:
i) They make classroom teaching effective

ii) They make learning easy
iii) They make use of sensory organs
iv) They create interest and motivate students
Hardware and Software aids:
Radio, T.V., Tape-recorders are said to be hardware teaching aids whereas

chalk board, cartoons and models are software aids.
Some teaching aids are only audio aids like Radio, Tape-recorder etc.
6
Television is the audio-visual aid.

T.V. is the most powerful and effective means for the education of masses.
For correcting pronunciation in languages, tape recorder is most helpful aid for
the students.
Blackboard is the cheapest and commonly used classroom teaching aid.
The Government of India started Operation Black Board in 1987-88 to make good use of
this commonly used aid.
Types of teaching aids:

a) Non-projected aids:
i. Graphic aids : Charts, diagrams, maps, pictures, posters, cartoons
and flashcards etc.
ii. Display boards : Black board, Bulletin board, Peg board and Flannel
board etc.
iii. Professional aids : Models, objects, puppets and specimen etc.
iv. Audio aids : Radio. Recording, Television
v. Action aids : dramatics, Field trips, Programmes, instruction etc.
b) Projected aids:
Films, Film strips, slides, overhead projector
i. Visual aids : Slides, graphs, charts, pictorial material, map,

Film strips.
ii. Audio aids : Tape-recording, radios, phonographic disk.
iii. Printed aids : Books, periodicals, newspapers
iv. Audio-visual aids : motion pictures, television, dramatisation
Evaluation Systems:
Evaluation is a device through which we can get an exact idea of what students
actually achieve from their teaching-learning experiences.
Types of Evaluation:
i) Placement Evaluation:
The main aim of placement evaluation is to make sure the place of students in the
instructional sequence and the level of instruction that is most helpful for each and every
student.
7
ii) Formative Evaluation:
Formative evaluation assesses learning progress of the students during instruction.

The primary function of this is to provide the continuous feedback to both students and
teachers regarding learning progress and failures.
iii) Diagnostic evaluation:
The main function of diagnostic evaluation is to ascertain the serious causes of

learning problems and to find out the proper solution for remedial action.
iv) Summative evaluation:
This takes place at the end of a course content (or unit) of teaching. This evaluation
provides grades or certificates of students progress. It also judges the adequacy of the
instructional objectives and the effectiveness of teaching process.
Various tools and techniques of Evaluation:
The following diagram shows the various tools and techniques commonly used in
evaluative process:
Evaluation procedures
Written Oral Observation
Essay type tests Short answer type tests Objective type tests
Recognition type Recall type
8
Multiple choice Matching True\ false
Observation techniques:
The hidden (overt) behavioural changes can be assessed through the following
observational techniques:
a. Anecdotal Records
b. Rating scale
c. Checklists
Some important evaluation systems:
A) Examination system:
Examination is the concern of the teacher, the greatest premium of parents and the
first anxiety of the students. End products of all education efforts are appraised by
examination.
Merits of examinations:
i) Examinations help in testing the achievement of the pupils.
ii) It also helps in evaluating the individual interests, aptitudes, intelligence,
physical, emotional, social and moral development.
iii) They also help in classifying the students, to provide guidance, to bring
changes in curriculum and form the basis of administration.
Dr.Radhakrishnan said,If examinations are necessary, thorough reform of these
is still more necessary.
B) Psychological evaluation:
We evaluate personality because it helps us to know about the physical, mental,
emotional and social behaviour of the students. Measurement of personality is also helpful in
providing proper guidance to the students. There are three methods of personality
assessments namely-psychometric, projective and behavioural assessments.
Projective tests:
This test helps to uncover the unconscious motives. Projective tests tap the subjects
imagination and through his imaginative productions, it is assumed that he reveals something
about himself. Roscharche ink blot test and Thematic Apperception tests are the two widely
used projective techniques.
9
C) Philosophical evaluation:
This involves testing the mastery of principles and generalization to be derived from
the subject. It may also test the students ability to apply his knowledge to other situations.
Thus, the conservative school supports this evaluation of achievements.
SAMPLE QUESTIONS BY UGC-NET:
1. Which one of the following is the main objective of teaching?

a) To give information related to the syllabus
b) To develop thinking power of students
c) To dictate notes to students
d) To prepare students to pass the examination (b)
2. Which one of the following is a good method of teaching?

a) Lecture and Dictation b) Seminar and Project
c) Seminar and Dictation d) Dictation and Assignment
(b)
3. Teacher uses teaching aids for:
a) Making teaching interesting
b) Making teaching within understanding level of students
c) Making students attentive
d) The sake of its use (b)
4. Effectiveness of teaching depends on:
a) Qualification of teacher b) Personality of teacher

c) Hand writing of teacher d) Subject understanding of teacher (d)
5. Which of the following is not characteristic of a good question paper?
a) Objectivity b) Subjectivity
c) No use of vague words d) Reliable (b)
Questions from UGC-NET examinations:
6. A teacher is successful only if he
a) Knows his subject thoroughly well b) Produces cent percent result
c) is approachable * d)Publishes journals of repute
(NET- June, 2001)
7. Which of the following statements is not true?
10
a)Teaching is an art b) Teachers can be trained

c) Teachers are born* d) Teachers are NOT born (NET, June, 2001)
8. The most important challenge before a teacher is
a. To maintain discipline in the class room

b. To make students do their homework
c. To prepare question paper
d. to make teaching-learning process enjoyable * ( NET-June, 2001)
9) The competency of a teacher can be judged on the basis of

a) Publication of books b) Length of service
c) Meeting needs of students* d) Personality of students
(NET-June, 2001)
10) A competent teacher is one who can

a) Help all students to pass the examination
b) Create interest in the subject among the students*
c) Maintain silence in the class room
d) keep students engaged ( NET-June,2001)
11) Failure of the teacher to communicate his ideals well to the students may result into
a) Classroom indiscipline
b) Loss of interest in the topic being taught
c) Increased number of absentees in the class
d) All of the above* (NET-Dec, 2001)
12) Good teaching is a function of
a) Sincerity and devotion to the profession of teaching *
b) High academic qualification of the teachers
c) Principals powerful leadership in the college
d) High level scholarship of the teachers (NET-Dec, 2001)
13. One will have more chances of being successful as a teacher, if
a) He belongs to the family of teachers
b) He is trained in teaching
c) He has ethical values and a good character
11
d) He can organize his teaching material systematically and conveys the same
effectively*
14) Effective teaching is a function of
a) Clear and precise communication * b) Perfect classroom discipline
c) Regular teaching d) Students self-learning
(NET-Dec, 2001)
15) Which of the following is most desirable for a teacher?
a) To be punctual in the class
b) Clear, precise and systematic presentation *
c) To be strict disciplinarian
d) To be permissive in the class (NET-Dec,2001)
16) A good teacher is one who (NET-Dec, 2001)

a) is highly intelligent b) lives a simple life
c) Has mastery over his teaching subject d) has genuine interest in his students*
17) Which of the following is most important for a teacher?
a) Classroom discipline b) Subject he is teaching
c) Students of the class* d) time available for teaching
18) Requisites of a good teacher is fulfilled by one who (NET-Dec, 2001)
a) Reads a lot b) publishes lots of research paper
c) Teaches well* d) cooperates well with the principal
19) Which of the following teachers will you like most? (NET-June, 2002)
a) a loving teacher* b) a teacher of highly idealist philosophy
c) a teacher who often amuses his students d) a disciplined teacher
20) Which of the following teachers will you like most? ( NET-June,2002)
a) one who uses board occasionally
b) one who uses chart and maps
c) one who uses film projector along with the proper use of the board*
d) one who uses motion picture as a last resort
21) A new teacher to start with will have to ( NET-June,2002)
a) Enforce discipline in the class b) establish rapport with the students *
c) cut jokes with the students d) tell the students about his qualifications
22) If students do not understand what is taught in the classroom, the teacher should feel
12
(NET-June, 2002)
a) Terribly bored b) to explain it in a different way*
c) That he is wasting time d) pity for the students
23) An effective teacher will ensure (NET-June, 2002)
a) Cooperation among his students b) laissez-faire role
c) Competition among students d) completion or cooperation as the
Situation demands *
24) Who has the least chance of becoming an effective teacher? ( NET-Dec,2002)
a) One who is a strict disciplinarian b) One who knows his subject well
c) One who is no interest in teaching* d) One who teaches moral values
25) Discussion in the class will be more effective if the topic of discussion is
(NET-Dec, 2002)
a) Not introduced b) Stated before the start of the discussion
c) Written on the board without d) Informed to the students well in advance *
Introducing it
26) Listening to a lecture is: (NET-June, 2003)
a) Informational listening* b) evaluative listening

c) Emphatic listening d) None of these
27) The fist important step in teaching is:- ( NET-June, 2003)
a) Planning before hand b) organizing material
c) knowing the background of students* d) none of these
28) A teacher will become an effective communicator if ( NET-June, 2003)
a) he uses instructional aids
b) he helps students get meaning out of what he teaches*
c) he asks questions in between teaching
d) he helps students get correct answers to the questions on the topic
29) As a teacher, what will you do if students do not attend your class? (NET-Dec, 2003)
13
a) Blame students for their absence from the class
b) Ponder over the present attitude of students in a calm manner
c) Think about using some interesting techniques of teaching*
d) Try to understand the reasons and try to eliminate them
30) Teachers who are enthusiastic in the class-room teaching (NET-Dec, 2003)
a) Often lack proficiency in the subjects which stays hidden under

their enthusiasm
b) Simply dramatize to hold the students attention
c) Involve their students in the teaching-learning process*
d) all of the above
31) One can be a good teacher, if he\ she (NET-Dec, 2003)
a) Has genuine interest in teaching* b) knows how to control students
c) Knows his| her subject d) has good expression
32) Effective teaching, by and large, is a function of (NET-Dec, 2003)
a) Maintaining discipline in the class b) teachers honesty
c) Teachers making students d) teachers liking for the job of teaching *
Learn and understand
33) The most important skill of teaching is ( NET-Dec, 2003)
a) Making students understand what the teacher says*
b) Covering the course prescribed in his subject
c) Keeping students relaxed while teaching
d) Taking classes regularly
34) A good teacher is one who is capable of (NET-June, 2004)
a) finishing the course in time b) inducing the students to learn*
c) giving a good result d) helping students in preparing good notes
35) Which of the following combination of subjects would help a teacher to develop good
pedagogical methods? (NET-June, 2004)
a) Sociology and Philosophy b) Philosophy and Psychology
c) Psychology and Sociology* d) None of these
36) To gain popularity among students, teacher should (NET-June, 2004)
14
a) Personally help them in their studies b) frequently organize tours

c) Dictate notes while teaching d) maintain good social relations *
37) A student tries to solve a problem without any help from a teacher. The teacher should
( NET-June, 2004)
a) advise him/ her to take help from his/her colleagues
b) pay no attention to him/her
c) scold him/her for foolishness
d) appraise his/her individual effort *
38) Process of deliberation is adopted when (NET-Dec, 2004)

a) the context is difficult b) the context is very difficult
c) the context is easy d) all of the above
40) The main purpose of teaching is:- ( NET-Dec, 2004)

a) Development of thinking power b) Development of reasoning power
c) Both A&B* d) Giving information only
41) In order to impart training to their research scholars in application procedures of
statistical package for social sciences, a college should organize ( NET-Dec, 2004)
a) Conference b) Workshops* c) Seminars d) Lectures
42) Which one of the following is/ are educative? ( NET-Dec, 2004)
a) 16 mm Film Projector b ) Tape recorder
c) Working pattern of a windmill d) All of the above *
43) Listening to the lecture delivered by the lecturer in the classroom is
a) Informative audition* b) assessed audition

c) added audition d) none of the above
44) In order to understand his students a teacher should be well versed in which of the
following:-
a) Child psychology b) Inclination towards understanding the children
c) Opinion of the students towards d) All of the above
the subject matter
45) If whole class absents during your teaching period, then what will be the suitable
solution of this situation
15
a) Inflicting punishment on some mischievous students

b) Inflicting punishment on the whole class
c) Giving a warning to the student leaders
d) Finding out the reason behind this act of students*
46) A good teacher should have which of the following attributes?

a) Should be very intelligent b) should lead a simple life
c) Should be well-versed in the subject matter d) should have real affection for his
Students
47) The teacher has been glorified by the phraseFriend, philosopher and guide because
a) He has to play all vital roles in the context of society

b) He transmits the high values of humanity to students *
c) He is the great reformer of the society
d) He is a great patriot
48) The most important cause of failure for teacher lies in the area of
a) Inter personal relationship b) lack of command over the knowledge of the subject*
c) Verbal ability d) strict handling of the students
49) When a normal student behaves in an erratic manner in the class, you would
a) Pull up the student then and there b) talk to the student after the class*
c) Ask the student to leave the class d) ignore the student
50)Nothing can be taught, but everything can be learnt. It is a proverb of
a) Japanese b) Greek
c) Chinese* d) American
51) Pedagogy means
a) The art of teaching of Adults b) The art of teaching children*
c) The art of preparing curriculum d) The art of collecting records
52) Pedagogy of the oppressed written by
a) Tagore b) Mahatma Gandhi c) Karl Marx d) Paulo Friere *
53) Androgogy means:
a) The art of teaching children b) The art of teaching adults
16
c) The art of planning curriculum d) None of these
17

Unit I

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Unit I

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Fr. I. JESUDOSS, SJ., Ph.D.

Associate Professor in Education

1. Subject matter competency

Components of the teaching process

Slogans of the Teachers

1. Knowledge cannot be given unless it is taken

Slogans of the Teachers

Pre-active Interactive Post active

(Planning) (Implementation) (Evaluation)

Fixing goals & Diagnosis & action, Testing feed back to

It is relatively, progressive and enduring changes in behaviour, resulted through

Learning is an adaptation process. Enrichment of experience.

1. Learning to know. 2. Learning to do

3. Learning to live together 4. Learning to be

Factors that affect teaching:

a) Teacher factor: Sex, age, personality, socio-economic status, knowledge, ability,

Internal classroom factors affecting learning

Goals /Motivation /Interest/Attention/Practice/Fatigue/Aptitude/Attitude/Emotional

Other factors of learning

Age /Attentiveness/Concentration/Physiological conditions/Life bents & disposition

Knowledge of success & failure/Significance of task/Absence of worry & irrelevant emotional

Herbartian steps in teaching:

In teacher education colleges, Herbartian steps were considered to be the effective

The method of teaching should have the following purposes:

i. To inculcate love of work

Different forms of teaching:

Teaching : To bring changes in the behaviour of students

Conditioning : To improve the learning skills of students

Training : Shaping the behaviour and conduct

Instruction : Acquisition of knowledge

Indoctrination : Formation of beliefs

The ways in which the objectives of teaching could be realized:

i. Better understanding of the teacher

vi. Familiarity with the school organization

Prof. Benjamin. S. Bloom-Chicago University

1. Cognitive 2. Affective 3. Psychomotor domain

Evaluation Characterizing Naturalisation

Synthesis Organizing Articulation

Analysis Valuing Precision

Application Responding Manipulation

Comprehension Receiving Imitation

Teaching-Learning activity, its managing involves four steps.

Learning Process involves

Interests generate attention. Acquired interests are called hobbies.

Principles of Audio-visual aids:

i.) Principle of fulfillment of objectives

i) They make classroom teaching effective

Radio, T.V., Tape-recorders are said to be hardware teaching aids whereas

Television is the audio-visual aid.

Types of teaching aids:

i. Visual aids : Slides, graphs, charts, pictorial material, map,

ii) Formative Evaluation:

Formative evaluation assesses learning progress of the students during instruction.

iii) Diagnostic evaluation:

The main function of diagnostic evaluation is to ascertain the serious causes of

iv) Summative evaluation:

Various tools and techniques of Evaluation:

Written Oral Observation

Recognition type Recall type

Multiple choice Matching True\ false

SAMPLE QUESTIONS BY UGC-NET:

1. Which one of the following is the main objective of teaching?

2. Which one of the following is a good method of teaching?