Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Amplifier Part II
2014 SAS IP, Inc. All rights reserved. Unauthorized use, distribution or duplication is prohibited.
ANSYS, HFSS, and Optimetrics and any and all ANSYS, Inc. brand, product, service and feature names, logos and
slogans are registered trademarks or trademarks of ANSYS, Inc. or its subsidiaries in the United States or other
countries. All other brand, product, service and feature names or trademarks are the property of their respective
owners..
Disclaimer Notice
THIS ANSYS SOFTWARE PRODUCT AND PROGRAM DOCUMENTATION INCLUDE TRADE SECRETS AND ARE
CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY PRODUCTS OF ANSYS, INC., ITS SUBSIDIARIES, OR LICENSORS. The software
products and documentation are furnished by ANSYS, Inc., its subsidiaries, or affiliates under a software license
agreement that contains provisions concerning non-disclosure, copying, length and nature of use, compliance
with exporting laws, warranties, disclaimers, limitations of liability, and remedies, and other provisions. The
software products and documentation may be used, disclosed, transferred, or copied only in accordance with
the terms and conditions of that software license agreement.
For U.S. Government users, except as specifically granted by the ANSYS, Inc. software license agreement, the
use, duplication, or disclosure by the United States Government is subject to restrictions stated in the ANSYS,
Inc. software license agreement and FAR 12.212 (for non-DOD licenses).
Third-Party Software
See the legal information in the product help files for the complete Legal Notice for ANSYS proprietary
software and third-party software. If you are unable to access the Legal Notice, please contact ANSYS,
Inc.
ANSYS Electromagnetics Suite 16.0 - SAS IP, Inc. All rights reserved. - Contains proprietary and confidential information
of ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction
Prerequisite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
ANSYS Electronics Desktop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2
2. DC Analysis
Setup DC Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
Run DC Analysis & PlotDC-IV Curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4
3. LNA with Non-Linear Model
View DC Bias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2
Run Linear Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4
Create Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5
RF 1 Tone Nonlinear Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7
Define RF 1 Tone Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10
Define a Power Sweep and Analyze . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11
Create Results: Pout/TG21 vs. Pin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-12
Create Results: Spectrum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-14
Create Results: Wave Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-14
Add a Second RF Source to Input port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-15
Add Intermodulation Analysis Setup and Analyze . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-18
Create Results: Pout vs Pin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-20
Create Results: Calculate IP3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-21
Create Results: Intermodulation Spectrum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-22
Harmonic Balance: Setup and Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-22
-1
ANSYS Electromagnetics Suite 16.0 - SAS IP, Inc. All rights reserved. - Contains proprietary and confidential information
of ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.
ANSYS Electronics Training: Low Noise Amplifier
-2
ANSYS Electromagnetics Suite 16.0 - SAS IP, Inc. All rights reserved. - Contains proprietary and confidential information
of ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.
1 Introduction
Introduction 1-1
ANSYS Electromagnetics Suite 16.0 - SAS IP, Inc. All rights reserved. - Contains proprietary and confidential information
of ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.
ANSYS Electronics Training: Low Noise Amplifier
1-2 Introduction
ANSYS Electromagnetics Suite 16.0 - SAS IP, Inc. All rights reserved. - Contains proprietary and confidential information
of ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.
ANSYS Electronics Training: Low Noise Amplifier
Introduction 1-3
ANSYS Electromagnetics Suite 16.0 - SAS IP, Inc. All rights reserved. - Contains proprietary and confidential information
of ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.
ANSYS Electronics Training: Low Noise Amplifier
1-4 Introduction
ANSYS Electromagnetics Suite 16.0 - SAS IP, Inc. All rights reserved. - Contains proprietary and confidential information
of ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.
2 DC Analysis
This section shows how to set up the LNA schematic and define a DC analysis before running the
simulation. Set up the schematic as follows:
1 Go to File > Open Examples > Circuit > Low Noise Amplifier Examples and select
LNA_DC_IV_Start.aedt.
2 save the file in a different location other than the Examples folder.
The LNA schematic of the inserted design has the following circuit shown in the following fig-
ure.The circuit uses a non linear model for the transistor (using a spice lib file instead of the S
parameter data file.
Figure 3. Circuit
Setup DC Analysis
1 Right+click Analysis and select Add Nexxim Solution Setup > DC Analysis from the
DC Analysis 2-1
ANSYS Electromagnetics Suite 16.0 - SAS IP, Inc. All rights reserved. - Contains proprietary and confidential information
of ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.
ANSYS Electronics Training: Low Noise Amplifier
short-cut menu.
Figure 5. DC Analysis
2 Click Add on the DC Analysis window.
3 On the dialog box, select variable VB and define a Linear step sweep 0.75 to 0.85 with
step 0.01 and click OK.
2-2 DC Analysis
ANSYS Electromagnetics Suite 16.0 - SAS IP, Inc. All rights reserved. - Contains proprietary and confidential information
of ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.
ANSYS Electronics Training: Low Noise Amplifier
4 Select VC and define two Linear step sweeps: 0 to 0.5 step 0.01 click Add; then 0.5 to 5
step 0.5, click Add, and then, OK.
2-3 DC Analysis
ANSYS Electromagnetics Suite 16.0 - SAS IP, Inc. All rights reserved. - Contains proprietary and confidential information
of ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.
ANSYS Electronics Training: Low Noise Amplifier
Figure 8. Report
4 On the Families tab, click the ellipsis under Edit and select All value for VB.
2-4 DC Analysis
ANSYS Electromagnetics Suite 16.0 - SAS IP, Inc. All rights reserved. - Contains proprietary and confidential information
of ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.
ANSYS Electronics Training: Low Noise Amplifier
DC Analysis 2-5
ANSYS Electromagnetics Suite 16.0 - SAS IP, Inc. All rights reserved. - Contains proprietary and confidential information
of ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.
ANSYS Electronics Training: Low Noise Amplifier
2-6 DC Analysis
ANSYS Electromagnetics Suite 16.0 - SAS IP, Inc. All rights reserved. - Contains proprietary and confidential information
of ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.
3 LNA with Non-Linear Model
Non linear model for the transistor (using a spice lib file) is used in the circuit of the project
LNA_RF_1_Tone_Start instead of the S parameter data file.
Select the project LNA_RF_1_Tone_Start.aedt from the Low Noise Amplifier folder under Exam-
ples> Circuits.
View DC Bias
The steps to view DC bias are as follows:
1 Right-click LNA_Matched_NL on the Project Manager and select View DC Bias Val-
ues>Show DC Bias or the icon on toolbar.
DC current and voltage at each node are displayed in the schematic as shown in the following fig-
ure.
Expected Bias
2 Check the bias of the transistor, with 2.5V, 3mA which was the bias point of the S parame-
ters used for matching.
3 Save the project.
Create Report
1 Right-click Results and select Create Standard Report > Rectangular Plot: dBS21,
dBS11, dBS22, and NF in dB.
2 After selecting the options shown in Figure 15, click New Report to create the S-parame-
ter plot.
3 Select Noise figure as shown in the following figure and click Add Trace and Close.
The non linear model is linearized at the bias condition and the simulation computes the corre-
sponding small signal S parameters. This allows the user to check that the results using the non
linear model are close to those obtained with the S parameter data file
7 Select Property TONE and enter F_IN as the value of Property TONE and click OK.
In the Project Manager window expand the Excitations option to verify that the source RF_IN is
added. Notice that the schematic symbol for the input port has a different appearance indicating
that a source is present.
Figure 29.
Figure 30.
Figure 31.
Add a Second RF Source to Input port
1 Double click the input port symbol to open the Port Definition window.
Notice that the RF_IN power source is already present in the Source List panel as shown
in the following figure.
2 Click the Edit Sources button to open the Configure Ports and Sources dialog.
Figure 32.
Configure Ports and Sources dialog.
3 Check that the Input port is selected under Name in the upper left area of the dialog
and in the Add New Source area make sure Power and Sinusoidal are selected.
4 Press the Add to selected port button and edit Name to RF_IN2.
5 Select Property POWER and enter Pin (recall that we already created the Pin variable
earlier).
6 Select Property FREQ and enter F_IN2 (local variable, 901MHz) as the value of property
FREQ.
7 In the Add Variable dialog type 901MHz in the Value field and press Enter.
8 Select Propertry TONE and enter F_IN2 as the value of property TONE.
9 Click OK to bring up the Select Analysis dialog box.
Figure 33.
The Select Analysis dialog allows you to match specific Sources (e.g. Power Sources, Voltage
Sources etc.) with specific Analysis Setups. This gives you the flexibility to have multiple Sources
and multiple Analysis Setups and then match them accordingly.
Figure 34.
The Configure ports and sources dialog should look as shown below.
Figure 35.
Notice that the schematic symbol for the input port now has a different appearance indicating that
2 Sources are present.
Figure 36.
Tone).
2 Enter the following settings:
Set Name as InterMod
Click Edit Tones/Maxk and set No. of Tones to 2
Set F1 to F_IN and F2 to F_IN2, MaxK=5 for both.
Click OK.
3 Click Add in the Sweep Variables area and set Linear Step from -40 dBm to 0 dBm in
steps of 1dBm for the variable Pin.
4 Click Add and then, OK.
Figure 37.
Figure 38.
5 Right-click InterMod from under Analysis and select Analyze to start the simulation.
Create Results: Pout vs Pin
1 Right click Results and select Create Standard Report/Rectangular Plot.
2 Select InterMod in Solution field and Sweep in Domain field.
3 Click Edit under Harmonics and include F1 and -F1+2F2 as Defined Outputs.
4 Select Power, P(Output)<F1>, dBm and click New Report to plot the output power at
Output port for the fundamental.
5 Select Power, P(Output)<-F1+2F2> , dBm, click Add Trace to plot the output power at
Output port for the IM3.
6 Click Close.
See the difference in slopes between the fundamental and third order products. As expected, the
third order term has a slope that is 3 times unity in linear region.
Figure 39.
Figure 40.
-20.00
P out in dBm
-60.00
-100.00
-140.00
0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00
Spectrum [GHz]
Figure 41.
Harmonic Balance: Setup and Options
Harmonic Balance Analysis can be controlled using the options shown:
Max Harmonic Number: Max harmonics computed in the solution (MAXK)
F1 value is the single tone frequency, we are using a variable F_IN in this example.
The Method parameter selects between the standard harmonic balance calculation and a shoot-
ing method that facilitates single-tone analysis of circuits with strongly nonlinear behavior.
Method=HB, standard harmonic balance, is the default for single-tone analysis and is
always used for multi-tone harmonic balance analysis.
Method=Shooting is available for single-tone analyses only. When method is set to
shooting, single-tone harmonic balance uses a time-domain shooting method that is
efficient for nonlinear circuits. This option is ignored for multi-tone harmonic balance.
Transient Initial Time set to a positive non-zero value is representing time required for Transient
to stabilize before HB begins using the result.
With Auto_Refine_Solution=yes, Nexxim examines the result at each sweep iteration to deter-
mine if the solution is sufficiently resolved. If it is not, Nexxim doubles the number of harmonics
and repeats the iteration. Thus, you can start the sweep with MAXK set to a low number, and
have Nexxim automatically adjust MAXK as needed to maintain accuracy.