Asphalt

specific gravity


specific gravity

paraffin

specific gravity


) ( . ) (


) ( .


MC-1 RC -2

MC-1 Medium Curing

RC -2 rapid Curing

MC-1
) . ( . /


RC -2
) ( . . /



- :

aggregates .
aggregates Sharpe . .
wetting characteristics of
aggregates particles
aggregates .

aggregates .
)
(
.


. aggregates
.
% %

. aggregates
.
aggregates
strength


stability




) ( %

stability strength
Coarse aggregate


) (



MC 1

RC 2 ) (




RC 2 MC 1



Density



Thickness test

Smoothness test




.
Fine graded mix .
.
.
.
natural aggregates .
aggregates %
% . .


.

.
.
aggregates .
.
.
) ( aggregates
) ( ) .
(
.
.



flow
flow






) (


) (

) (



) (


ravelling

aggregates


..
aggregates clay .

.
.
.
.
aggregates anti .
stripping aggregates


softening point



softening point


aggregate

anti stripping

aggregate
aggregate



) (
.



.


.
.
) ( .

.



) ( -



aggregate




mc 1
rc 2

) ( /


) ( % . - +
) ( % .


Mc 1
Rc c
/ /


/


) (


) ( %


) (

) ( %


MC 1

) (


BWC = 4

BBC = 6


hardening





) (








Aggregate .
.
.
.
.



Aggregate


Aggregate .
Aggregate .
.
Too much medium sized sand .
Low mineral filler content .
High mineral filler content .







.

.
Aggregate
Aggregate .

.
.

.





Aggregate

Aggregate .
Aggregate
Aggregate
... Aggregate

sizes .
Aggregate . sizes

sizes
Aggregate .
separation of stockpiled .
no segregation allowed .
mineral filler kept dry .


.
. Aggregate
.
.
.
.
.
. Aggregate




.
) (


Aggregate .
.
) .
(
.

.

.
.
.



mc rc - 2
) mc-- 1

Penetration viscosity


) (






flow



) (


) (

) (
particles instable



Penetration ) (




stability

stability

stability

stability )(.

Stability

practical

stability

Excessive asphalt in mix .
. Excessive medium size sand in mixture .

rutting channelling .



: Dense graded type .

Aggregate

) (

: Open graded type .

Aggregate



) (


softening point

.
.
Crusher powder .
Caolina powder .
.


= /


) (



job mix



. Aggregate
.
.


Aggregate






VMA

it is an intergranular space between the mineral

aggregate particles
+


VMA
aggregate

aggregate
aggregate




MC -2 RC 1 : Cutting back asphalt .A

) ( The diluted asphalt : cutback asphalt .B
Cutting
by emulsifying the asphalt with water : Emulsified asphalt .C

: Emulsion breaks or sets .D
Combination of cutback asphalt and Emulsified : Liquid asphalt .E
asphalt


aggregate

) % ( aggregate

) % ( .



) (





) (



) (

softening point


- :
.
strength .
stability .
.


. )

.
. flash point
. softening point
.
.



) (




blown asphalt

.

.




aggregate

blast furnace slag









: . .
c + c +
: .
.
c +
c . +
: . .
.
: .
.
: .
.
.
: .
.
: .



aggregate

aggregate - :

Size and grading .
Cleanliness .
.
aggregate .

Toughness .


Stability .
Durability .
Flexibility .
Skid resistance .
Workability .
Impermeability .


. aggregate
.
. aggregate
.
. %


strength

.
. aggregate
.


.
.

.
. aggregate
aggregate





. aggregate
consistency of the asphalt .
.



hydrated lime

hydrated lime
aggregate
aggregate %
hydrated lime


. ) % (
. ) % (
. ) % (
. ) % (
. ) % (



) ( . .
aggregate
) ( . ) (
) % ( .
) % (
) % ( . . softening .
% ( ) point
) ( .
.



: Alligator cracks


subgrade
subgrade
lower
course of pavement

:


Edge cracks


) ( /


:
.




.


:
 - : Edge joint crack

pavement shoulder
main road shoulder

joint joint
joint ) ( RC-2




shoulder


:

 : Land joint cracks ) (



) ( ) (

) (


- :



:
:

 : Reflection cracks

subgrade




: subgrade

subgrade

subgrade


- :


- : Shrinkage cracks Alligator cracks

Alligator cracks
- :

fine aggregate
:

: Slippage cracks

- :
aggregate
) (

- :



: Widening cracks
RC-2



: Reflection cracks


.
.
.

Rutting


Grooves or ruts .
Shoving .
Corrugations .
Depressions .
Upheaval .

Grooves or ruts ) (

Corrugations & Shoving
aggregate




:

Depressions ) (

subgrade

:

:

Upheaval Depressions swelling

subgrade
swelling

:


:
these are bowl shaped holes of various sizes in the - : Potholes -
pavement resulting from localized disintegration


: aggregate aggregate
) (

:

 ) - : Ravelling - (
aggregate aggregate

fine aggregate

:
.
.
.
aggregate aggregate .

. aggregate

- :


.

A thick film of water which at high speeds causes the .
vehicle to leave the pavement surface and skim over the
water like an clay
may also develop from surface contamination such as from .
oil spillage or certain types of clay







) (

:
.
.
) (
.

) MC-1
RC-2
(
:


aggregate

aggregate

aggregate
. aggregate

)( .

:

:



aggregate

. aggregate
. aggregate

Too wet aggregate .
.
.
:


)
(
: Cold bins .
aggregate aggregate
Cold bins
: Cold feed gate aggregate .
: Cold elevator Dryar .
: Dryar aggregate .

: Dust colleclor . aggregate
Dust colleclor
filler


 : Exhaust stack -
: Hot elevator aggregate
: screaning unit aggregate
aggregate aggregate
size
: Hot bins aggregate
: weigh box aggregate
pug mill
) : Mixing unit or pug mill ( aggregate
pug mill

: Mineral filler storage


: Hot asphalt cement storage
: asphalt weigh buckle


gives waterproof cover over the existing pavement surface to
and provide resistance abrasion by traffic



slurry seal


It is mixture of slow setting emulsified fine aggregate mineral
filler , and water , used to improve scaled area of old pavement
to restore a uniform surface texture and seal the surface and
prevents moisture to enter pavement

aggregate mineral





) (


pneumatic roller
-
steel wheel roller
aggregate
rutting

aggregate
strenght
aggregate

steel wheel roller :



subgrade prime coat MC1

subgrade
Fine aggregate prime coat MC1



: Too hot

: Too cold aggregate

mix in truck appears lying flat : Too much asphalt
: Too little asphalt

aggregate

: Non uniform mixing

: Excessive coarse aggregate aggregate


: Excessive fine aggregate


: Excessive moisture



.
Longitudinal joints rolling .
Outside edge rolling .

: Initial rolling steel .
wheel roller
: Second rolling .
: Finish rolling pneumatic .
roller


) (




steel wheel roller /


pneumatic roller /
aggregate


aggregate

: ) ( /
/ ) ( ) / (


) (

) ( Breakdown steel wheel roller .
) ( )(

) ( Intermediate .
pneumatic roller ) (
) (
) ( Finishing steel wheel .
roller ) ( )(


subgrade
swelling .
Upheaval
subgrade
erosion .
.



prime coat MC1

prime coat MC1


A 2 4 prime coat MC1


coating and stripping

aggregate %
aggregate %
aggregate .

aggregate .
) (+ ) (+
.
aggregate aggregate .
Dryar


hydrated lime




aggregate aggregate
hydrated lime
aggregate


rubber

aggregate




anti stripping material

pug mill


softening point


) ( %


) ( %


Penetration ductility

Penetration
/ ) ( /

Ductility


dense graded mix

open graded
dense graded mix open graded

open graded


dense graded mix



high loss of stability

stability
) stability ) ( strength


flow stability


loss of stability

%

loss of stability %

loss of stability
- aggregate %
stripping value test %
) ( natural sand ) ( %

plasticity index
-
-








course aggregate


rutting bleeding



Sand equivalent clay dust




fineness

natural sand crushed sand

clay
natural sand

crushed sand clay



loss of stability

durability of asphalt





) Gmm (




aggregate


aggregate


as bitumen is more viscous and has high molecular volume
as compared to water



loss of stability

Stripping %

natural sand

plasticity index ) ( more clay









trucks

) trucks (




) ( ) + ( -

) (


aggregate

) (
pug mill