Increase Temperature Deep Ocean Crust

Copernic Agent Search Results
Search: increase temperature deep ocean crust (All the words)

Found: 1450 result(s) on _Full.Search
Date: 7/23/2010 10:42:16 AM
1. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2003.11.026
Jun 2004 - ...A 100 km deep liquid water ocean probably underlies...Is the temperature of the
ocean...slightly in temperature and the internal...through the deep, low-viscosity ocean. However,
because...from the deep ocean. This process...that the temperat
http://www.lpl.arizona.edu/~rlorenz/europa.pdf
92%
2. Ocean Stratification
Temperature and density of ocean water are related inversely: warm water means ... it to sink, or
convect into the deep ocean, and spread southward at depth. ...
http://eesc.columbia.edu/courses/ees/climate/lectures/o_strat.html
92%
3. PLATE TECTONICS
The increase in temperature and pressure with depth and the melting temperature of the ...
sediments on the ocean crust, mainly shells and fragments ...
http://www.math.montana.edu/~nmp/gnESS/plate%20tectonics.htm
92%
4. Women Exploring the Oceans

Women Exploring the WomenOceanographers.org Home About Us Site Map XML/RSS Wen-lu Zhu
When Wen-lu Zhu picks up a rock, she sees more than a static ob
http://www.womenoceanographers.org/Default.aspx?pid=E1E3254E-1C80-4e6d-ABBF-1EC5F5436C
3E&id=WenluZhu
92%
5. Earth's Interior & Formation of Magmas

To produce basaltic magmas by melting of the basaltic oceanic crust would .... into the same area
of the crust may cause further increases in temperature, ... crustal rocks are pushed to deeper
levels where temperatures are higher, ...
http://www.tulane.edu/~sanelson/eens211/earths_interior.htm
91%
6. Europas Crust and Ocean: Origin, Composition, and the Prospects for Life
May 2008 - ...such as (iii) a thin global or patchy liquid ocean beneath a thick, convecting ice crust
and a brittle lithosphere, or (iv) a deep liquid ocean between an outer thick convecting ice crust
and surface brittle lithosphere, and an inner...
http://www.planetary.brown.edu/pdfs/2440.pdf
91%
7. Evolving Earth: Plate Tectonics

Pressure increase drives materials into a solid form, whereas temperature increase drives ... of
ocean and continental crust we derived earlier (70% ocean, with ...
http://www.globalchange.umich.edu/globalchange1/current/lectures/evolving_earth/evolving_earth
_ext.html
91%
8. Glimpse at Earth's crust deep below Atlantic Ocean
Glimpse at Earth's Crust Deep Below Atlantic Ocean ... RRS James Cook to study the Earth's crust
below the ocean. ... However, renewed volcanism can increase the ...
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/11/091112103411.htm
91%
9. Increase Pressure Deep Ocean Crust

Deep seismic probing of continental crust in the lower Yangtze region, ... long-lived temperature
increase compared to mantle beneath normal ocean basins. ...
http://www.scribd.com/doc/34180083/Increase-Pressure-Deep-Ocean-Crust
91%
10. Lani Aina Kai - OCN 201 Plate Tectonics

Continental crust float higher on mantle rock than oceanic crust because it is: ... Oceanic
lithosphere subducts at the deep ocean trenches. ... Increasing age of ocean floor - the sea floor
gets older ... The higher temperature results in oceanic lithosph
http://www.laniainakai.com/ocean/files/ocean_notes/ocean_plate_tectonics.html
91%
11. Midocean Ridges

... forming ocean crust is broken by a series of normal faults. Normal fault scarps have been
observed from deep-sea ... where temperatures are higher) to replace the spreading crust ...
http://myweb.cwpost.liu.edu/vdivener/notes/MOR.htm
91%
12. Oceanography: Oceans

... deep dent into the smooth bell of Earth's crust, or we must assume that the crust ... Otherwise,
due to increasing solar radiation, the temperature would at least have been 50 ...
http://www.seafriends.org.nz/oceano/oceans.htm
91%
13. PLATE TECTONICS: Lecture 2

... of most silicate minerals increase with increasing pressures. So temperatures of ... In: TALWANI,
M. et al. (eds) Deep Drilling Results in the Atlantic Ocean: Ocean Crust.
http://www.le.ac.uk/geology/art/gl209/lecture2/lecture2.html
91%
14. Report of the "Conference on the Magnetization of Ocean Crust ...

Evidence that the deeper crust, particularly the gabbroic section, may contribute ... Crustal
magnetizations then increase with age to a maximum during the ... ocean crust, then other
processes, such as the inhibition of low temperature ...
http://deeptow.whoi.edu/conf.html
91%
15. Amateur Geologist Structured Geological Glossary: The Earth

... depth within the earth's crust where the temperature and pressure have risen to ... Deep
(elevation -11,033 meters) in the Marianas Trench of the Pacific Ocean. ...
http://www.amateurgeologist.com/content/glossary/earth/earth.html
90%
16. Electrical Power Generation from Geothermal Sources

Ocean - large bodies of water up to 3.7 km deep sitting on top of the oceanic crust. ... the deep
water temperature due to solar heating and thermal ...
http://www.mpoweruk.com/geothermal_energy.htm
90%
17. Glossary - Resources - OceanWorld

Sep 2004 - ...and transport heat from ocean to ocean and from equator to poles to maintain
Earth's temperature Horizontal Pressure Gradient...of the Earth's upper crust, ocean and
atmosphere includes...gets trapped in pockets deep inside the Earth. When...
http://oceanworld.tamu.edu/resources/glossary.htm
90%
18. Increase Temperature Deep Ocean

Increase Temperature Deep Ocean. Your download will begin shortly... Search Results Search:
Found: Date: 1. increase temperature deep ocean (All the ...
http://www.scribd.com/doc/34180116/Increase-Temperature-Deep-Ocean
90%
19. IODP Logging Summary

The locations of deep drill holes into the oceanic crust of Hole 1256D and ..... the increasing
density of the rocks due to progressively higher temperature ...
http://iodp.ldeo.columbia.edu/LOG_SUM/309_312/
90%
20. NASA - Earth

At the base of Earth's crust, the temperature is about 1800 degrees F (1000 degrees C). ...
Pressure also increases with depth. At a depth of 1 mile (1.6 kilometers) ... It also brings nutrients
up from the deep ocean to the surface, .... Material from Ear
http://www.nasa.gov/worldbook/earth_worldbook.html
90%
21. NASA's Solar System Exploration: Planets: Jupiter: Overview

NASA's Solar System Exploration: Planets: Jupiter: Overview + NASA Homepage + NASA en
Español + Contact NASA SSE Home > Planets > Jup
http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Jupiter&Display=OverviewLong
90%
22. Notes - Plate Tectonics: from Crust to Ocean

The Mantle - Crust - Ocean - Mantle cycle - the Earth's geochemical and biological reservoirs. ...
temperature of the Earth would increase because weathering as a ...
http://instruct.uwo.ca/earth-sci/300b-001/erthsys2.htm
90%
23. Oceanography
... the shoreline of a continent and the deep ocean basins where continental crust and oceanic
crust are joined. ... rapid decrease in temperature with increasing depth which occurs ...
http://mtsu32.mtsu.edu:11407/100oceans.html
90%
24. PERMEABILITY WITHIN BASALTIC OCEANIC CRUST Andrew T. Fisher Earth...

May 2004 - ...WITHIN BASALTIC OCEANIC CRUST Andrew T. Fisher Earth...between basaltic
oceanic crust and the overlying ocean. Permeability is the...how it changes as the crust ages.
Core-scale...calculations made from borehole temperature and flow meter log
http://es.ucsc.edu/~afisher/CVpubs/pubs/Fisher1998_RG_PermBOC.pdf
90%
25. Unusual Snail Discovered in Indian Ocean
Nov 15, 2003 ... Black smokers eject high-temperature, dark water—water that was once trapped
in molten rock beneath the Earth's crust. ... unstable compounds, may be more stable at the
increased pressures found deep in the ocean. ...
http://animals.about.com/b/2003/11/15/unusual-snail-discovered-in-depths-of-indian-ocean.htm
90%
26. Astro-Venture Geology Training Script

Scientist Feedback: A fast-moving lithosphere would create ocean crust so ... but under the
extreme pressure and temperature deep within the Earth, it moves very slowly. ... The oceans
would flood the land and volcanoes would increase. ...
http://astroventure.arc.nasa.gov/geology/training/AVStraining_geol.html
89%
27. Could You Ever Dig a Hole to China? (Children's Encyclopedia of ...
Here, in a Pacific Ocean canyon called the Challenger Deep, these ... the problems of exploring
deep underground, the temperature also increases with depth. Near the base of the crust ...
http://www.daviddarling.info/childrens_encyclopedia/Dig_a_Hole_to_China_Chapter5.html
89%
28. Evolving Earth: Plate Tectonics

As temperature increases with depth, the corresponding pressure increase is not ... of ocean and
continental crust we derived earlier (70% ocean, with ...
http://www.globalchange.umich.edu/globalchange1/current/lectures/evolving_earth/evolving_earth
.html
89%
29. Kandi Poulsen

Deep ocean circulation is often referred to as a thermohaline ... So an increase in the temperature
produces an increase in the amount of water vapor. ...
http://ags.ou.edu/~kkpoulse/sciencemidterm.html
89%
30. MINUTES SSEP MEETING Oct 28-31, 1997- UNDER CONSTRUCTION

Jun 1998 - ...developments in mid-ocean ridge science since...penetration rate, temperature,
depth, RPM...in zero-age crust and rubbly formations...fact that drilling deep holes into oceanic...to
3-3.5 km deep into ocean crust. The JR is designed...
http://www.earth.rochester.edu/issep/architecture.html
89%
31. Ocean 540: Conduction

May 2004 - ...through the ocean crust. These are processes that shape the ocean basins,
imparting...migration into the crust, to transfer of...transported, and the temperature gradient. In
1...0.04 surficial ocean sediment 0.9 2x10...estimate the temperatu
http://www2.ocean.washington.edu/oc540/lec01-3
89%
32. Ocean and Crust of an Accreting Neutron Star

The Ocean and Crust of a Rapidly Accreting Neutron Star: Implications ... minimum temperature in
the deep crust and the resulting maximum possible Ohmic diffusion time there. ...
http://www.iop.org/EJ/article/0004-637X/496/2/915/36891.text.html
89%
33. Ocean thermal energy conversion: Definition from Answers.com
ocean thermal-energy conversion ( 'osh?n 'th?rm?l 'en?rje k?n'v?rzh?n ) ( mechanical engineering )
The conversion of energy arising from the
http://www.answers.com/topic/ocean-thermal-energy-conversion
89%
34. Pacific Ocean - Encyclopedia of Earth

The ocean temperatures in the North Pacific tend to be ... Called El Niño, this periodic increase in
temperature ... Extreme 2004: Exploring the Deep Frontier-Pacific Ocean.
http://www.eoearth.org/article/Pacific_Ocean
89%
35. Palaeos Mesozoic: Cretaceous: The Cretaceous Period: p. 1

One school holds that iron released by new continental crust may have been responsible for
massive blooms leading to the Mid-Cretaceous black shales and anoxic deep-ocean conditions.
Ocean crust was forming at a record rate, with all the usual geological b
http://palaeos.com/Mesozoic/Cretaceous/Cretaceous.htm
89%
36. Slab Of Sunken Ocean Floor Found Deep Within Earth

Deep within Earth, halfway to its center in an area where Earth's core meets its mantle, lies a
massive folded slab of rock that once was the ocean floor, reports a ...
89%
37. WHOI : Oceanus : The Cauldron Beneath the Seafloor

WHOI : Oceanus : The Cauldron Beneath the Seafloor ... be tempered somewhat by
lower-temperature weathering of the shallow crust away from the ridges, which removes ...
http://www.whoi.edu/oceanus/viewArticle.do?id=2401
89%
38. 1 Creation and evolution of the oceanic lithosphere: contributions...

Aug 2002 - ...seawater through the ocean crust and mantle must...chemistry, global
ocean-atmosphere cycles...populations exist deep within the oceanic crust has spurred
interest...activity radically increase the surface area...organisms with depth, tempera
http://canadaodp.earthsciences.dal.ca/new/drilling_proposal/gillis.pdf
88%
39. A Great Carbon Dioxide Burp

If this theory is correct, we would expect to see large transfers of carbon from the ocean to the
atmosphere at the end of each ice age or glacial period. ... If correct, this theory provides evidence
of a large release of carbon dioxide that suddenly and
http://cleanenergysector.com/2010/06/a-great-carbon-dioxide-burp
88%
40. Amateur Geologist Structured Geological Glossary: The Ocean

The oceanic crust is mostly basalt, undeformed, and, due to plate ... "A long and narrow deep
trough in the sea floor; interpreted as marking the line ...
http://www.amateurgeologist.com/content/glossary/ocean/ocean.html
88%
41. Continental Margin - The shape of the land, Forces and changes ...
A long, deep, narrow depression on the ocean basin with relatively ... Beneath Earth's surface,
temperature and pressure increase with ... and the process of new ocean crust ...
http://www.scienceclarified.com/landforms/Basins-to-Dunes/Continental-Margin.html
88%
42. Dive and Discover : Expedition 8 : Juan de Fuca Ridge

Dive and Discover : Expedition 8 : Juan de Fuca Ridge Home | Choose an Expedition | Discovery |
For Teachers | Contact Juan de Fuca Ridge Expedition
http://www.divediscover.whoi.edu/expedition8/index.html
88%
43. Earth's Interior & Plate Tectonics

Earth's Interior & Plate Tectonics Looking for a Home Business? Try this! Contents | What's New |
Image Index | Copyright | Puzzles | Scie
http://www.solarviews.com/eng/earthint.htm
88%
44. Introduction to Physical Oceanography

Areas of deep winter convection are the Weddell Sea and the Ross Sea ... Southern Ocean and the
Greenland Sea and the Labrador Sea in the Arctic region. ...
http://www.es.flinders.edu.au/~mattom/IntroOc/lecture05.html
88%
45. NOAA Ocean Explorer: Submarine Ring of Fire 2002: Background

Cold seawater in deep cracks is heated by cooling magma, becomes buoyant, and ... At ridges, the
ocean crust is created, while at island arcs, it ...
http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/02fire/background/plumes/plumes.html
88%
46. NOAA Ocean Explorer: The State of Ocean Science

Mar 2009 - ...ocean, only 16 per cent. of which has a mean temperature under 40° F. The
temperature over nearly whole of the floor of the Indian Ocean in deep water is under 35° F. A
similar temperature occurs over a large part of the South Atlantic...
http://www.oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/library/readings/science/science.html
88%
47. Ocean properties

The ocean's physical properties like temperature, salinity and density are crucial to the ... The deep
sea has a temperature of -1ºC. Why are the middle of winter ...
http://www.seafriends.org.nz/oceano/oceans2.htm
88%
48. Oceanography - Crystalinks

... deep-sea drilling and seismic profiling of the terrestrial crust below the ocean bottom. ... the
oceanic crust is dense and thin. Both the continental and oceanic crust lie over ...
http://www.crystalinks.com/oceanography.html
88%
49. Oceanography 104

(2) Three ocean basins: Pacific (1/2 of all oceans), Atlantic and ... 1/2 of crust forms extensive, flat,
deep ocean plains. (2) Pressure in the Oceans: increase of 1 atmosphere ...
http://jove.geol.niu.edu/faculty/loubere/Oc1041W04.htm
88%
50. Seawater: Composition
... materials from Earth's crust ... basic three layered ocean - the upper mixed layer, the main
thermocline, and deep ... This maximum amount increases with a decrease in temperature ...
http://www.marinebio.net/marinescience/02ocean/swcomposition.htm
88%
51. Terms and Definitions

Terms and Definitions Looking for a Home Business? Try this! Contents | What's New | Image
Index | Copyright | Puzzles | ScienceViews | Search | T
http://www.solarviews.com/eng/terms.htm
88%
52. The Earth At Work

Jan 16, 2005 ... Temperature and pressure increase steadily with depth throughout the earth but
.... Why even mention oceanic crust in a web site about Colorado geology? ... In well-developed,
sediment-starved deep ocean basins like the ...
http://www.cliffshade.com/colorado/tectonics.htm
88%
53. Tools & Techniques of Deep Ocean Geography

Jun 2004 - ...seen a dramatic increase in support for...boundaries. Ocean geography as...studies of
the deep ocean realm...DSL 120 of the Deep Submergence...m above the ocean floor,
300...conductivity, and temperature data (Fornari...along the mid-ocean ri
http://dusk.geo.orst.edu/pg/
88%
54. AN OCEAN ON EUROPA - THE HISTORY OF AN IDEA

An historical article about the ideas that Jupiter's moon Europa might have an ocean under its icy
crust and that life might possibly evolve in such an environment.An ...
http://www.math.washington.edu/~greenber/EuropaHistory.html
87%
55. Deep and High-temperature Hydrothermal Circulation in the Oman

Ophiolite-Petrological and Isotopic Evidence - BOSCH et al. 45
Mar 2009 - ...penetrates the entire crust once it has drifted...and higher-temperature
hydrothermal...fast-spreading crust exposed in the Hess Deep during Ocean Drilling
Program...section of oceanic crust. Manning et al...a rise in the temperature of hydro
http://petrology.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/45/6/1181
87%
56. Earth's Interior

Oceanic Crust Mohorovicic discontinuity Lithosphere Asthenosphere ... P-wave ( primary wave)
velocity in general increases with increasing density .... in aluminous orthopyroxene at low pressure
and temperature will “dry out” olivine, ... oceanic crust
http://whatonearth.olehnielsen.dk/interior.asp
87%
57. Mantle (geology) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Although the higher temperatures far exceed the melting points of the mantle rocks at ... There
exists increasing pressure as one travels deeper into the mantle, since the ... Oceanic crust is
generally less than 10 kilometers thick. ...
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mantle_(geology)
87%
58. MEphysics
earth's crust divided into a number of large plates bounded by ridges and ... wind, waves, tides,
currents, temperature. A. Temperature and Vertical Stratification ...
http://www.esf.edu/efb/schulz/marineecology/MEPhysical.html
87%
59. Microsoft Word - Chapter 11 Website Corrected with figure

nature and significance of surface, wind-driven circulation and the ... sensitive to temperature,
which ranges between 0° C and 30° C at. the ocean surface before ...
http://cw.routledge.com/textbooks/9780415395168/resources/chapter11manual.pdf
87%
60. midterm
The deep ocean circulation is often referred to as a thermohaline circulation, ... combinations of
temperature and salinity produce water of varying densities, ...
http://students.ou.edu/C/Amy.E.Castro-1/midterm.html
87%
61. Ocean - The Canadian Encyclopedia

Island arcs and deep-sea trenches are formed where oceanic crust is moving under ... The density
of seawater is determined by its temperature and salinity, ... Any mechanism that causes mixing of
ocean waters to increase nutrients in ...
http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0005871
87%
62. Ocean Basin Profiles Description

is derived from radiometric dating of ocean crust samples from deep drilling, dating of index fossils
... by temperature and cooling causes the lithosphere to increase in ...
http://web.ics.purdue.edu/~braile/eas100/hwk3.pdf
87%
63. Ocean Planet: Popular Science - Creatures of the Thermal Vents

... tube worms can increase in length at a rate of more than 33 inches per year, ... Vents form
where the planet's crustal plates are slowly spreading apart ... Vent bacteria can withstand higher
temperatures than any other organism. ... the water temperat
http://seawifs.gsfc.nasa.gov/OCEAN_PLANET/HTML/ps_vents.html
87%
64. Ocean Temperatures And Sea Level Increases 50 Percent Higher Than ...
New research suggests that ocean temperature and associated sea level increases ... New
discoveries about the deep ocean's temperature ... Geophysicists Show That Crust Temperature ...
87%
65. Our Ocean Planet - Exploring the depths

The recent increase in global temperature has caused changes in sea levels that ... Exploring the
waters of the deep oceans and the features on and below the seabed ...
http://ec.europa.eu/research/rtdinfsup/en/depth.htm
87%
66. RealClimate: Why greenhouse gases heat the ocean

... RSMAS) Observations of ocean temperatures have revealed that the ocean heat content has
been increasing ... Or take a dive into a deep lake ... on Earth, from the base of the crust ...
http://www.realclimate.org/index.php/archives/2006/09/why-greenhouse-gases-heat-the-ocean/
87%
67. Ridge hydrothermal processes

... not previously been found on the deep ocean ... silica saturation and increasing temperature of
the mineralizing fluid with increasing ... hydrothermal field, as it occurs on crust ...
http://www.mbari.org/volcanism/Ridge/R-Hydrothermal.htm
87%
68. Unit 1. The Water Planet

... the ocean currents distribute the heat and tend to equalize the temperature. Deep and ... of the
ocean where temperature commonly decreases rapidly with a small increase ... As the crust ...
http://www.fas.org/spp/military/docops/afwa/ocean-U1.htm
87%
69. Volcanic Accomplice

Abbott is unsure of the exact mechanisms that would strengthen an existing plume, but one
possibility is that increasing temperature differentials between the core and the mantle would cause
fingerlings of hot core rock to enter the earth's crust.
http://dhushara.freehosting.net/book/upd/aug201/dec.htm
87%

Women Exploring the WomenOceanographers.org Home About Us Site Map XML/RSS Claudia
Benitez-Nelson Claudia Benitez-Nelson is a physical chemist who us
3E&id=BenitezNelson
87%
71. Attracting Attention to Ourselves

Jul 25, 2007 ... Talk to the people of Venice Italy about their rising ocean. ... There was no global
temperature increase during this time period. ... neither, sun flares, nor energy from deep space
striking the earth's magnetic field. ... from the upper
http://ufos.about.com/b/2007/07/25/attracting-attention-to-ourselves.htm
86%
72. Definition of a Plume

... crust and subducted seamount chains may survive in the mantle for long times and will not be
averaged ... of the shallow mantle under deep, mature and fast spreading ridges, at ...
http://www.mantleplumes.org/DefinitionOfAPlume2.html
86%
73. -Earth crust

Owing to increasing temperature and pressure with depth, the metamorphic grade of rocks ... The
surface of the ocean crust, except for some locally high ...
http://egeology.blogfa.com/post-119.aspx
86%
74. Heat Flow, Mantle Convescion and Plate Tectonics

Temperatures are measured going down the drill hole and establish a temperature gradient. ...
ocean ridges and is at a minimum over the convergent plate boundaries, deep ocean ...
http://darkwing.uoregon.edu/~drt/Classes/201_99/Rice/Tectonics.html
86%
75. Introduction to Ocean Sciences, 2e

The continents and ocean basins are continually being reshaped by a ... of crust rise and fall
isostatically as temperature changes alter their density and as ...
http://www.wwnorton.com/college/geo/oceansci/ch/04/welcome.asp
86%
76. INTRODUCTION TO THE OCEANS

oceanic crust is constantly produced) and subduction zones, also called deep-sea ... The average
temperature of deep-ocean water is only 2°C (36°F) ...
http://www.survey.ntua.gr/main/labs/hgeod/Marine_geodesy/Notes/Binder1_LN_Intro_Oceans.pdf
86%
77. Methanogenesis, Mesospheric Clouds, And Global Habitability

This life is widespread at depths in the crust of the earth, just as life has recently been identified in
numerous ocean vents and geysers. ... Models show that at a given temperature the optical depth
of mesospheric clouds scales as [H 2O]b ... they could
http://geo.arc.nasa.gov/sgp/aero/aerocloud3.html
86%
78. ocean (Earth feature) :: Temperature distribution ...

ocean (Earth feature), Temperature distribution, Britannica Online Encyclopedia ... section of
Earth’s outer layers, from the crust ... deep-sea trench (geology) deep-sea vent (geology)
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/424285/ocean/67078/Temperature-distribution
86%
79. Ocean Basin - The shape of the land, Forces and changes, Spotlight on ...
Ocean crust on either ... result, these deep-ocean ... and the ocean crust in these areas cracks and
breaks as it is pulled apart. The age of rocks in ocean basins increases ...
http://www.scienceclarified.com/landforms/Ocean-Basins-to-Volcanoes/Ocean-Basin.html
86%
80. Ocean geochemistry

Ocean geochemistry Ocean geochemistry An ocean parentage It is known, that almost three
quarters of a surface are coated by ocean waters.
http://the-geologist.info/articles/5-ocean-geochemistry
86%
81. Oceanography 104

Topics: metric system, ocean basin features, ocean temperature, pressure, light. ... crust forms
extensive, flat, deep ocean plains. (2) Pressure in the Oceans: increase of ...
http://jove.geol.niu.edu/faculty/loubere/Oc104Sum206.htm
86%
82. Paleoclimates, ocean depth, and the oxygen isotopic ...

A modest increase in ocean depth with time, together with progressive ... deep crust as a function
of high temperature alteration in deep crustal ...
http://www.geosc.psu.edu/~kasting/PersonalPage/Pdf/Kasting_et_al_EPSL_06.pdf
86%
83. Quickie Questions - Extraordinary Earth - Interior/Surface

how deep is the earths crust? Crust, the upper ... Also, ocean crust is made of denser minerals
than continental crust. The temperatures of the crust ... around the Earth would increase ...
http://www.windows2universe.org/kids_space/qearth_int.html
86%
84. SEAS: Introduction to hydrothermal vents

Mid-ocean ridges are deep in the ocean, in some places 2,500 ... Cold seawater seeps down into
the crust through ... Then, as the water seeps further down (and increases in temperature ...
http://www.ridge2000.org/SEAS/for_students/reference/hydrothermal_vent_intro.html
86%
85. Solar System Exploration: Science & Technology: Science Features ...
Apr 12, 2004 ... As a general rule, temperature increases with depth inside a planet, ... ocean, the
sudden loss of material strength in the crust would cause the ... The Galileo spacecraft dipped deep
into the radiation belts for only a ...
http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/scitech/display.cfm?ST_ID=286
86%
86. Statement of James E. Hansen 1. Identification, Credentials

the deep ocean. Blue bars show the times at which ice sheets were present in each ... between the
Earth's crust and surface. reservoirs (atmosphere, ocean, soil and biosphere) ...
http://www.columbia.edu/~jeh1/mailings/2008/20080910_Kingsnorth.pdf
86%
87. Swedish Crematorium Latest Source of Alternative Energy

Dec 22, 2008 ... Talk to the people of Venice Italy about their rising ocean. ... There was no global
temperature increase during this time period. ... neither, sun flares, nor energy from deep space
striking the earth's magnetic field. ... from the upper
http://environment.about.com/b/2008/12/22/swedish-crematorium-latest-source-of-alternative-ene
rgy.htm
86%
88. Virtual Vacationland: Bathymetry

You can clearly see that the seafloor has linear ridges and deep trenches. ... quickly seafloor crust
is created at mid-ocean ridges or lost at deep trenches ...
http://www.bigelow.org/virtual/bath_sub2.html
86%
89. Abiotic Oil and Barack Obama

Aug 15, 2008 ... How does it explain the deep Brazilian deposits, which are in an exactly analogous
setting? ... Since, the crust doesn't have these minerals it's inconsistent that ..... It is about stability
of oil (time and temperature). ... hinges on ex
http://geology.about.com/b/2008/08/15/abiotic-oil-and-barack-obama.htm
85%
90. Catalog Page for PIA04652

... active spreading center in the middle of the Atlantic ocean where new crust is being created).
Future GRACE gravity models are expected to increase the resolution further. ... satellite altimetry
and ship measurements of temperature and salt. ... Color
http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/pia04652
85%
91. Cut CO2 emission by 75 %

The deep ocean temperature has especially gone down during the last 15 million years. ... Cooler
surface temperature is offset by increasing temperature in layers of seawater ...
http://www.optocleaner.com/Cut_CO2_emission.htm
85%
92. Earth system Science I

... and the other by the continents; a discontinuous hydrosphere and polar ice cap; and a ... Ocean.
Complete consumption of oceanic crust may lead to the collision of continental ...
http://instruct.uwo.ca/earth-sci/300b-001/erthsys1.htm
85%
93. Evidence for a Young Earth from the Ocean and Atmosphere
By Larry Vardiman, PhD Introduction The earth was created by God as the most beautiful ... A very
small increase in ocean temperature will release a massive amount of carbon ...
http://www.icr.org/article/2978/
85%
94. Geologists discover new class of spreading ridge on sea bottom
http://search.eurekalert.org/e3/cs.html?url=http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2003-11/nsf-g
dn112403.php&charset=iso-8859-1&qt=+increase++temperature++deep++ocean++cr
ust&col=ev3rel&n=1&la=en
85%
95. Geothermal gradient: Facts, Discussion Forum, and Encyclopedia Article ...
's temperature increases with depth, indicating outward heat ... In deep boreholes, the
temperature of the rock below the inflection ... from the polar ice caps flowing along ocean ...
http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Geothermal_gradient
85%
96. Increase Pressure Deep Ocean Crust

Deep seismic probing of continental crust in the lower Yangtze region, ... long-lived temperature
increase compared to mantle beneath normal ocean basins. ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oGdG5dY0FMCWkBuYqEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybjBnOXNnBHNlYwNzcg
Rwb3MDMARjb2xvA3NrMQR2dGlkAw--/SIG=12p22d5hg/EXP=1279440093/**http://www.scribd.co
m/doc/34180083/Increase-Pressure-Deep-Ocean-Crust
85%
97. Managing Cystic Fibrosis-Related Diabetes (CFRD): An Instruction Guide for Patients &
Families
... and meat substitutes have varied amounts of fat. Increase calories by choosing higher-fat meats
and cheeses and using high-fat cooking methods such as frying and deep-frying. Lower Fat Higher
Fat USDA Select or ...
http://www.cff.org/UploadedFiles/LivingWithCF/StayingHealthy/Diet/Diabetes/CFRD-Manual-4th-edi
tion.pdf
85%
98. METHANE HYDRATE EXPLORATION ON MARS: A TEST BED FOR ...

(such as the putative deep mantle ocean of Europa). On Mars, as on Earth, it is expected ... is
constrained by the increase in crustal. temperature and pressure that occurs with ...
http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/sixthmars2003/pdf/3160.pdf
85%
99. Methods and systems for utilizing waste sources of metal oxides
Patent #: 7754169
http://patft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&u=/netahtml/PTO/search
-adv.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PTXT&s1=increase+AND+temperature+AND+deep+AND+ocean+AN
D+crust&p=1
85%
100. NASA's Cosmicopia -- Ask Us -- Earth and Moon

Apr 26, 2010 ... As for deep mines, local composition is far more important for how .... The sharp
discontinuities at the mantle-crust and mantle-core interfaces are especially noticible. ..... How
much would the temperature increase on Earth? ..... 70% of
http://helios.gsfc.nasa.gov/qa_earth.html
85%
101. NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF PRECIPITATION INDUCED BY HOT MID ...

Mid-ocean ridges are significant features of the earth's crust. They ... range rise to over 2500
meters above the nearby floor of the deep-ocean basin. ...
http://www.icr.org/index.php?module=research&action=index&page=researchp_lv_r04&mode=pri
nt
85%
102. ocean (Earth feature) :: Density of seawater and pressure ...

The density of seawater is a function of temperature ... oceanic crust (geology) oceanic island
(geology ... in Holocene Epoch (geochronology): Deep oceanic deposits: Facts about ocean ...
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/424285/ocean/67080/Density-of-seawater-and-pressu
re
85%
103. Ocean Drilling Program: Leg 206 Preliminary Report

Mar 2009 - ...from in situ ocean crust, by drilling a deep hole into basement...this pace of ocean
spreading...1964), crust formed at fast...successful deep sampling of...contribution of deep plutonic
rocks...variability of the ocean crust and provides...
http://www-odp.tamu.edu/publications/prelim/206_prel/prel6.html
85%
104. ocean: Definition from Answers.com

Pressure in the ocean waters increases with increasing depth ... The deep ocean floor begins at the
seaward edge ... Geologically, an ocean is an area of oceanic crust covered by water.
http://www.answers.com/topic/ocean
85%
105. Oceanic Environment

The Pacific is the largest ocean, ringed by volcanoes and trenches, few marginal seas ... crust is in
continual motion overlying the mantle, and the features of the ocean floor ...
http://www.csun.edu/~sd51881/ocean_env.html
85%
106. Physical Geology: Earth Revealed

3. Ages of rocks from holes drilled into the ocean crust show progressive. increase from the ridge
to the land. ... (b) a deep ocean probably existed at the site where. we now have ...
http://courseweb.glendale.edu/ppal/Word%20files/101F05T1.pdf
85%
107. Realistic Mohole using D/V Chikyu
ocean crust and the uppermost mantle, which allows us to properly interpret the ... be a deep
reference hole of the ocean crust and of the uppermost ...
http://www.marum.de/Binaries/Binary42463/Seama_Mohole.pdf
85%
108. Ridge 2000 Program | Science Plan

Home page of Ridge 2000, an interdisciplinary research program sponsored by the National ... and
material from Earth's deep mantle to the crust and ocean. Life without sunlight ...
http://www.ridge2000.org/science/info/science_plan.php
85%
109. terrestrial
The greenhouse effect raised temperatures by as much as 7.7C, the deep ocean water warming by
15C. As a result, the polar ice melted, and sea level rose 100m. Coral reefs developed closer to the
poles than today by 1500 kilometres. Oceanic crust production
http://palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk/Palaeofiles/Angiosperms/environmental.htm
85%
110. Unit 1. The Water Planet

Due to the high specific heat of water, ocean temperatures do not vary ..... A temperature
decrease of 0.01°C or a salinity increase of 0.01‰ is .... In the deep-ocean basins below
intermediate water, high density deep and bottom water exists. ... The elas
http://www.google.com/url?q=http://www.fas.org/spp/military/docops/afwa/ocean-U1.htm&sa=U
&ei=HGNBTL6lJMGCnQfX1YTCDw&ved=0CA0QFjAA&usg=AFQjCNFTDcEqlXQqNIXK0dW7XTxAjvt7b
g
85%
111. Way out east: the full story

1899/12/30 On a quest to discover the real Japan beyond its cherry-blossom and bullet trains,
Chris Heath embarked on a road trip from the country's top to its tail. But more than 3,000
meandering miles later, would he be any the wiser?
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/asia/japan/748412/Way-out-east-the-full-story.html
85%
112. [PDF]Lecture 6 METAMORPHIC ROCKS CHAPTER 8

Increasing temperature has several effects on rocks: .... BLUESCHIST is ocean crustal rock that has
been buried very deeply on a subducting ...
http://www.efn.org/~agrush/introgeo/Lecture6.pdf
84%
113. 101F05T1.doc.doc.doc
temperatures inside the earth increase faster than on earth's surface. ... a deep ocean probably
existed at the site where. we now have Himalayas, ...
http://courseweb.glendale.edu/ppal/Word%20files/101F05T1.doc
84%
114. 2006 August — Gravity Control

A very complex picture indeed, which indicates that an increase in non-uniform distortions can be
anticipated to dramatically affect the stability of our planet, especially the surface crust.
http://www.gravitycontrol.org/blog/2006/08/
84%
115. AGU journal highlights - 6 October 2005
http://search.eurekalert.org/e3/cs.html?url=http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2005-10/agu-
ajh100605.php&charset=iso-8859-1&qt=+increase++temperature++deep++ocean++cr
84%
116. AGU Journal Highlights -- Aug. 14, 2007
84%
117. AGU Journal Highlights -- July 12, 2007

2. Transatlantic data reveal changing temperature and salinity. To monitor how climate change will
affect the ocean, data bases spanning long time records over wide geographic areas are of critical
importance. In 2004, temperature Cunningham and Alderson a
http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2007-07/agu-ajh071207.php
84%
118. AGU journal highlights: Nov. 11, 2008
84%
119. April Geology and GSA Today media highlights
http://search.eurekalert.org/e3/cs.html?url=http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2008-03/gsoa
-aga032508.php&charset=iso-8859-1&qt=+increase++temperature++deep++ocean++
crust&col=ev3rel&n=3&la=en
84%
120. April GEOLOGY and GSA TODAY media highlights
84%
121. ARM - Education: Teachers' Lounge

... increase in average temperature would cause the volume of the ocean water to increase by ... at
work in the solid Earth, perhaps in the deep earth crust. In the first case, one ...
http://education.arm.gov/teacherslounge/background/seasurface.stm
84%
122. Biogeochemical reactor

Patent #: 7531089
D+crust&p=1
84%
123. Climate Change News:

... both the large scale ice age periods and the smaller ebb and flow of glacial and ... temperature
increase that would make the ice sheets melt leading to rising oceans and ...
http://www.enn.com/climate/article/41374/print
84%
124. Collapsible gel articles

Patent #: 7661164
D+crust&p=1
84%
125. Continental drift

Earthquakes occur deep below the surface. i. Ocean crust is destroyed in .... If the temperature is
increased, the speed of sound increases; thus, ...
http://teacher2.smithtown.k12.ny.us/sgessler/continentaldrift.htm
84%
126. Deep biosphere research points to new methods for recovering petroleum
http://search.eurekalert.org/e3/cs.html?url=http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2008-10/asu-
dbr100708.php&charset=iso-8859-1&qt=+increase++temperature++deep++ocean++cr
84%
127. Definition of a Plume

... modest temperature anomalies are contested [see Primary magmas at mid-ocean ridges] ...
increase by about 10°C/km. This is one way to explain the higher temperature magmas that ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0geulZmY0FMZ1sAgCqEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTByMTNuNTZzBHNlYwNzcg
Rwb3MDMgRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=128b1074r/EXP=1279440102/**http://www.mantleplu
mes.org/DefinitionOfAPlume2.html
84%
128. Earth's twilight zone is simply teeming with life - bacteria by ...
1899/12/30 Even though scientists still argue about what life is, discoveries made in the past few
weeks have shown that much more of it teems on our planet than previously thought.
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/education/4792852/Earths-twilight-zone-is-simply-teeming-with-life---b
acteria-by-the-zillions.html
84%
129. Earth's twilight zone is simply teeming with life - bacteria by ...
1899/12/30 Even though scientists still argue about what life is, discoveries made in the past few
weeks have shown that much more of it teems on our planet than previously thought.
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/science-news/4769197/Earths-twilight-zone-is-simply-teeming-
with-life---bacteria-by-the-zillions.html
84%
By Larry Vardiman, PhD Introduction The earth was created by God as the most beautiful ... A very
small increase in ocean temperature will release a massive amount of carbon ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0geulZmY0FMZ1sAfiqEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybjIxbDhlBHNlYwNzcgRwb
3MDMARjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=11k3lcm3p/EXP=1279440102/**http://www.icr.org/article/
2978/
84%
131. Evolution of photosynthesis and the mantle as a biological record. — Department of

Geology, University of Toronto
Jun 2010 - ...years ago. The deep ocean was suboxic by...the shallow crust 1.48 billion...including
secular increase in the U/Th...carbonated oceanic crust (basalt, komatiite...the ambient ocean
temperature with sophisticated...oxidation of the deep ocean
http://www.geology.utoronto.ca/events_folder/evolution-of-photosynthesis-and-the-mantle-as-a-bi
ological-record/
84%
132. Geothermal Education Office - Geothermal Energy

Geothermal Education Office - Geothermal Energy Geothermal Energy Facts Advanced Level
EARTH’S HEAT AND VOLCANIC REGIONS FORMATION OF GEOTHERMAL
http://geothermal.marin.org/geoenergy.html
84%
133. Geothermal Electric Power Generation

Ocean - large bodies of water up to 3.7 km deep sitting on top of the oceanic crust. ... Low
temperature gradients mean that boreholes must be very deep to ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oGdHFgY0FM.wEAFwyEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybjBnOXNnBHNlYwNzcg
Rwb3MDMARjb2xvA3NrMQR2dGlkAw--/SIG=121rv4it3/EXP=1279440096/**http://www.mpoweruk.
com/geothermal_energy.htm
84%
134. Geotimes - December 2002 - Mid-Ocean Ridge World

... away and on the axis had increased flow rates and temperature elevations of ... the deep ocean
and the origin, evolution and sustenance of life in the absence of ...
http://www.geotimes.org/dec02/feature_ridge.html
84%
135. Global warming doubles rate of ocean rise
http://search.eurekalert.org/e3/cs.html?url=http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2005-11/rtsu-
gwd112105.php&charset=iso-8859-1&qt=+increase++temperature++deep++ocean++c
rust&col=ev3rel&n=10&la=en
84%
136. Global Warming May Be Delayed By Increase In Ocean Silica

May 2009 - ...future changes in ocean acidification...ability of the ocean to absorb carbon...dioxide
in the deep ocean will change with...Dioxide Will Increase Five-fold Over...Disappoints Star Crust 10
Billion Times...ocean surface temperature and linked
84%
137. Glossary
Deep-water layer. The bottom layer of water, below 1200 meters in the middle ... Sea-surface ice
showing a brittle crust forming with a shiny appearance .... Waves that increase in height very
slowly, the crest peaks but does NOT break as with ... The part
http://www.google.com/url?q=http://www.fas.org/spp/military/docops/afwa/Glossary.htm&sa=U&
ei=HGNBTL6lJMGCnQfX1YTCDw&ved=0CBgQFjAD&usg=AFQjCNHVDsuE4wm6wFUkJoI4jKh_fwXa-
A
84%
138. Hawaiian Volcanoes

Hawaiian Volcanoes Looking for a Home Business? Try this! Contents | What's New | Image Index |
Copyright | Puzzles | ScienceViews | Search | Hawa
http://www.solarviews.com/eng/hawaii.htm
84%
139. How NASA Studies Air, Glossary

How NASA Studies Air Glossary Air | Natural Hazards | Land | Water | People | Hot Links | Games |
FAQ | Teacher Guides | Site Index | Glossary Glossar
http://kids.earth.nasa.gov/glossary.html
84%
140. Iceland: Go with the floe

1899/12/30 Revealing an alien landscape, fabulous ice formations, spectacular waterfalls and a
museum devoted to mammalian parts others dare not show, a drive around Iceland's 830-mile
'ring-road' in winter proved an eye-opener for Chris Heath.
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/europe/iceland/7156105/Iceland-Go-with-the-floe.h
tml
84%
141. Increase Temperature Deep Ocean

Increase Temperature Deep Ocean. Your download will begin shortly... Search Results Search:
Found: Date: 1. increase temperature deep ocean (All the ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oGdG5dY0FMCWkBuoqEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTByZWgwN285BHNlYwNzc
gRwb3MDMQRjb2xvA3NrMQR2dGlkAw--/SIG=12mfv73f0/EXP=1279440093/**http://www.scribd.c
om/doc/34180116/Increase-Temperature-Deep-Ocean
84%
142. Inside the Earth [This Dynamic Earth, USGS]

The crust, the outermost layer, is rigid and very thin compared ... and calcium than the crust, is
hotter and denser because temperature and pressure inside the Earth increase ...
http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/inside.html
84%
143. Interior of the Earth

Mar 4, 2005 ... Oceanic Crust - thinner (about 5 km), basaltic (mafic) composition ... In diamond
mines, at 11788 ft deep, temperature is about 90° F or more. ... We know the rate at which
temperature increases with depth (the ...
http://facstaff.gpc.edu/~pgore/Earth&Space/GPS/earthinterior.html
84%
144. International team to honor 30th anniversary of deep-sea vent discovery in Galápagos
http://search.eurekalert.org/e3/cs.html?url=http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2007-06/coml
-itt062107.php&charset=iso-8859-1&qt=+increase++temperature++deep++ocean++cr
84%
145. Invaders from Earth

1899/12/30 In the Arctic, scientists are simulating the conditions under which we may one day live
on Mars, says Adrian Berry
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/education/4791249/Invaders-from-Earth.html
84%
146. Invaders from Earth

1899/12/30 In the Arctic, scientists are simulating the conditions under which we may one day live
on Mars, says Adrian Berry
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/science-news/4767883/Invaders-from-Earth.html
84%
147. January Geology media highlights
-jgm010809.php&charset=iso-8859-1&qt=+increase++temperature++deep++ocean++
84%
148. June 'Geology' and 'GSA Today' highlights
http://search.eurekalert.org/e3/cs.html?url=http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2000-05/GSo
A-JaTh-3105100.php&charset=iso-8859-1&qt=+increase++temperature++deep++ocea
n++crust&col=ev3rel&n=4&la=en
84%
149. June GEOLOGY and GSA TODAY media highlights
-jga052203.php&charset=iso-8859-1&qt=+increase++temperature++deep++ocean++c
84%
150. Lecture Outlines

Dec 2009 - ...s equilibrium temperature is about 255...Earth surface temperature is about 288...O 3
Clouds increase in Earth's...positive) temperature feedback (negative...hydrologic cycle ocean
evaporation ocean...Circulation of the deep ocean salinity...
http://www.geo.umass.edu/courses/glbch/lect.ol.html
84%
151. Maintenance Check-In: Weight--Exercise--Meals--Opinions ...

The water was cold, but I love so much swimming in the ocean. .... Yesterday, it was 91℉,
but the "feel like" temperature was 97℉ because of the humidity. ...
http://caloriecount.about.com/maintenance-check-weight-exercise-meals-opinions-ft149212-96
84%
152. Meteorology - Weather and Climate - Federation of American Scientists

This temperature gradually increases until the stratopause (roughly .... Generalize flow patterns of
surface and deep currents in the oceans. ... acting on the earth continental and oceanic
lithospheres (crust and the uppermost mantle). ...
http://www.google.com/url?q=http://www.fas.org/irp/imint/docs/rst/Sect14/Sect14_1a.html&sa=U
&ei=HGNBTL6lJMGCnQfX1YTCDw&ved=0CBQQFjAC&usg=AFQjCNHAPnZXPKnNj2JHIvfcIaJQ3Um4b
g
84%
153. Method and apparatus for permanent and safe disposal of radioactive waste
Patent #: 7525112
-adv.htm&r=10&f=G&l=50&d=PTXT&s1=increase+AND+temperature+AND+deep+AND+ocean+A
ND+crust&p=1
84%
154. Method for detecting an occurrence zone of a mantle diapir finger location
Patent #: 7403858
ND+crust&p=1
84%
155. NASA - Earth

It also brings nutrients up from the deep ocean to the surface, where they are ... Geologists believe
the temperature of Earth's outer core is about 6700 to 7800 ... Material from Earth's mantle filled
the gaps, creating new oceanic crust. .... Radioactive
http://www.nasa.gov/worldbook/earth_worldbook_prt.htm
84%
156. NASA - Mars

The temperature increases toward the surface, where daytime temperatures of .... internal heat
supports life in the deep ocean and in cracks in the crust. ...
http://www.nasa.gov/worldbook/mars_worldbook.html
84%
157. NASA - Moon

In some deep craters near the moon's poles, the temperature is always near ..... moon is the
Marius Hills complex in Oceanus Procellarum (Ocean of Storms). ... The bottom of the crust is
defined by an abrupt increase in rock density at ...
http://www.nasa.gov/worldbook/moon_worldbook.html
84%
158. NOAA Ocean Explorer: Submarine Ring of Fire 2002: Background

Cold seawater in deep cracks is heated by cooling magma, becomes buoyant, and ... At ridges, the
ocean crust is created, while at island arcs, it ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0geup9iY0FMckoB1jyEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTByMTNuNTZzBHNlYwNzcgR
wb3MDMgRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=1330cr23f/EXP=1279440098/**http://oceanexplorer.noa
a.gov/explorations/02fire/background/plumes/plumes.html
84%
159. Ocean Basins

At the base of the layered gabbros there is a sharp increase ... was once thought to suggest that
continental crust ... because, even though ocean sediment exists in the deep ocean ...
http://www.tulane.edu/~sanelson/geol212/ocean_basins.htm
84%
160. Ocean Chimneys - Hydrothermal Vents

see photos and find out what ""black smokers"" do under the sea and why they are an important
part of Earth's geology.
http://www.ocean.udel.edu/deepsea/level-2/geology/vents.html
84%
161. ocean definition of ocean in the Free Online Encyclopedia.

Pressure in the ocean waters increases with ... along a rift or ridge in the deep ocean floor that
spews out water heated to high temperatures by the magma under the earth's crust.
http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/ocean
84%
162. Ocean Stratification

Pacific deep water is derived from the lower salinity water column of ... The temperature of the
ocean has been slowly warming in the 20th century due to the rapid increase in ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0geup9iY0FMckoB1DyEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybjIxbDhlBHNlYwNzcgRwb
3MDMARjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=12mrgnc8k/EXP=1279440098/**http://eesc.columbia.edu/c
ourses/ees/climate/lectures/o_strat.html
84%
163. ocean@Everything2.com
... the dark water to become a feast for deep ... in the depressions in the earth's crust as global
temperature s ... water also helps to reduce surface temperature, allowing for ocean ...
http://www.everything2.com/title/ocean
84%
164. Ozark Chinquapin Tree Recent Updates

This event resulted in a dramatic 4-8 °C increase in deep-ocean, high-latitude, and continental
temperatures, marking the onset of warm conditions that extended into the Eocene. However, by
that time, plants had 250 million years of evolution behind them,
http://www.ozarkchinquapin.com/origin-of-the-ozark-chinquapin.htm
84%
165. Palaeos: The Mesozoic Era

First, the temperature gradient from North to South became almost flat -- much ... never
completely decomposed because of lack of deep ocean oxygen. ...
http://www.palaeos.com/Mesozoic/Mesozoic.htm
84%
166. Plate Tectonics & Isostasy

When the mantle melts, the magma rises and solidi?es to form crust. ... is the rock density at
surface temperature and pressure (S.T.P.) and a is the ...
http://www.tcd.ie/Geology/assets/pdf/geology-for-engineers/L06_isostasy.pdf
84%

Aug 1999 - ...to form the ocean crust, leaving a...lithosphere. The ocean lithosphere...silicate
minerals increase with increasing...surface. As hot deep mantle rises...the solidus temperature of
mantle falls...chamber in the ocean crust and begin crystall
http://www.intute.ac.uk/cgi-bin/redir.pl?url=http://www.le.ac.uk/geology/art/gl209/lecture2/lectur
e2.html&handle=996768422-24370
84%
168. Polyphosphate modifier for warm asphalt applications

Patent #: 7713345
D+crust&p=1
84%
169. Possible formation of ancient crust on Mars through magma ...

30 and 50 Myr after planetary accretion, when magma ocean solidification and ... range and dry
magma ocean composition increase the. stability range of plagioclase and ...
http://eaps.mit.edu/Elkins-Tanton/pdfs_of_papers/Mars%20early%20crust%20E-T%20et%20al%2
0JGR%202005.pdf
84%
170. Process and a plant for recycling carbon dioxide emissions from power plants into
useful carbonated species
Patent #: 7596952
D+crust&p=1
84%
171. Production of carbonate-containing compositions from material comprising metal

silicates
Patent #: 7749476
D+crust&p=1
84%
172. Professor William Nierenberg

1899/12/30 PROFESSOR WILLIAM NIERENBERG, who has died in California aged 81, was a
physicist, an expert on global warming and for more than 20 years director of the Scripps
Institution of Oceanography, near San Diego; earlier, he had helped to develop the atomic bomb
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1355320/Professor-William-Nierenberg.html
84%
173. Quantum Mechanics Reveals New Details of Deep Earth : News

May 10, 2010 ... Silica makes up two-thirds of the Earth's crust, and we use it to form ... Silica
takes many different forms at different temperatures and pressures ... But in millions of years, as
the oceanic plate below becomes subducted and ... As pres
http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/view.php?id=43995
84%
174. Remote Sensing Tutorial Page 19-2a

Its atmospheric-affected temperatures are conducive to life's origins and survival. .... Let us delve
deeper into the history of Earth' first billion years, using as ... If there was a magma ocean, the
crust would have started to form from .... billion plu
http://www.google.com/url?q=http://www.fas.org/irp/imint/docs/rst/Sect19/Sect19_2a.html&sa=U
&ei=HGNBTL6lJMGCnQfX1YTCDw&ved=0CDMQFjAK&usg=AFQjCNGeJ0ZQOSK6N_1PBQcGKt0GiJ95
vA
84%
175. Rocks and aggregate, and methods of making and using the same
Patent #: 7753618
D+crust&p=1
84%
176. Systems and methods to prevent counterfeit, grey and black market proliferation of
pharmaceutical, medical and other products
Patent #: 7710269
D+crust&p=1
84%
177. Tear resistant gels, composites, and liner articles

Patent #: 7344568
ND+crust&p=1
84%
178. Technical and economic optimization of combustion, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide,
mercury, carbon dioxide, coal ash and slag a
Patent #: 7553463
D+crust&p=1
84%
179. The Dynamic Earth: A Geologic Primer

The crust (both continental and oceanic) is the thin layer of distinctive chemical ... the conditions of
pressure and temperature steadily increase. The rocks become hotter and ...
http://www.washington.edu/burkemuseum/geo_history_wa/The%20Restless%20Earth%20v.2.0.ht
m
84%
180. The Geology of the Sea

... temperature gases were absorbed into the molten rock (magma) and churned deep ... core,
deep ocean trenches are created. Thin oceanic crust forms at the mid-ocean ridges ...
http://www.dtmag.com/Stories/Ocean%20Science/08-01-1feature.htm
84%
181. The Mechanism of Plate Tectonics

The Mechanism of Plate Tectonics The ABC's of Plate Tectonics The Mechanism of Plate Tectonics
by Donald L. Blanchard Preface: Introduction to &qu
http://webspinners.com/dlblanc/tectonic/mechansm.php
84%
182. THE PLASTIC LAYER OF THE EARTH

But an increase in pressure raises the melting point and elasticity. ... of the earth both temperature
and pressure increase with depth, and so the ...
http://www.aepect.org/astenosfera/astenosfera/documentos/DOC_1.htm
84%
183. The Seafloor

The Abyss: Deep Oceanic Crust. Coral Atolls. Seafloor ... Connect the Shelf with the deep ocean
floor (Abyss ... of deposition varies throughout the ocean. Thickness generally increases ...
http://jersey.uoregon.edu/~mstrick/RogueComCollege/RCC_Lectures/Seafloor.html
84%
184. The Skeptical Mind : ZetaTalk, The Grand Conspiracy 1995 - 2003
It is simply that the core must increase substantially in its temperature or motion for a small
increase evident on the crust. This is not lineal, and the crust "Plate Shifting Earthquakes have
been predicted by us to increase Earth crust
http://www.skepticalmind.com/zeta_prophets_01_02.html
84%
185. thermocline: Definition from Answers.com

thermocline ( ) n. A layer in a large body of water, such as a lake, that sharply separates regions
differing in temperature, so that the temperature
http://www.answers.com/topic/thermocline
84%
186. Unit 2. The Open Ocean

The direction, speed, and the temperature of the water masses moved by the .... It flows past
Formosa and continues northeastward in the deep ocean area ...... a displacement in the Earth's
crust along a fracture, that causes a ... the wave height must inc
http://www.google.com/url?q=http://www.fas.org/spp/military/docops/afwa/ocean-U2.htm&sa=U
&ei=HGNBTL6lJMGCnQfX1YTCDw&ved=0CBwQFjAE&usg=AFQjCNGkB6Tu9ifFaYfJCbeYLLZyKyT-EA
84%
187. Vincent J. Cataldi (UV+H- Nanotube) on Scribd

View Vincent J. Cataldi's profile on Scribd. See Vincent J. Cataldi's documents, reading history, and
more. ... Increase Temperature Deep Ocean Crust ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oGdG5dY0FMCWkBu4qEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTByZ3RtN3J1BHNlYwNzcg
Rwb3MDMgRjb2xvA3NrMQR2dGlkAw--/SIG=11u4l4p3s/EXP=1279440093/**http://www.scribd.co
m/UV+H-%20Nanotube
84%

Women Exploring the WomenOceanographers.org Home About Us Site Map XML/RSS Margaret
Leinen If we think of the work of scientists as the pieces of a j
3E&id=MargaretLeinen
84%

Women Exploring the WomenOceanographers.org Home About Us Site Map XML/RSS Melanie
Holland Melanie looks for thermophiles (organisms growing at high
3E&id=MelanieSummit
84%
190. Worldwide Anomilies Deep Mine

Scribd is a way to easily put your documents online. ... Increase Pressure Deep Oil Well. From:
Vincent J. Cataldi. Reads: 13. 107 p. Increase Pressure Deep Ocean Crust ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oGdHFgY0FM.wEAGQyEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTByZ3RtN3J1BHNlYwNzcgR
wb3MDMgRjb2xvA3NrMQR2dGlkAw--/SIG=12kjlol5g/EXP=1279440096/**http://www.scribd.com/d
oc/34180144/Worldwide-Anomilies-Deep-Mine
84%
191. "Get a Straight Answer"

"Get a Straight Answer" Site Map Get a Straight Answer Please note! Listed below are questions
submitted by users of "From Stargazers t
http://www-istp.gsfc.nasa.gov/stargaze/StarFAQ4.htm
83%
192. Abyssal plain - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

... is an underwater plain on the deep ocean floor, usually found at depths between ... material
reaches the surface at mid-ocean ridges, it forms new oceanic crust. ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0geumlyY0FMhmsAV8GEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybnZlZnRlBHNlYwNzcgR
wb3MDMQRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=11usf2o1a/EXP=1279440114/**http://en.wikipedia.org/
wiki/Abyssal_plain
83%
193. Adherent gels, composites, and articles

Patent #: 7193002
ND+crust&p=1
83%
194. AGU journal highlights -- Aug. 1, 2007
83%
195. AGU journal highlights -- Dec. 31, 2007
83%
196. AGU Journal Highlights -- July 12, 2007
83%
197. AGU Journal highlights -- March 21, 2007
83%
198. Alaska Region Ocean Sciences Bowl 2000 Practice Questions

Deep and bottom waters form at the location(s) selected in Question 7 ... An increase in the
average temperature of the oceans and the atmosphere. ...
http://seagrant.uaf.edu/nosb/2000/practice-questions00.html
83%
199. Amateur Geologist Structured Geological Glossary: The Earth

The relatively thin, dense crust that form the ocean basin. ... depth within the earth's crust where
the temperature and pressure have risen to ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oGdFhvY0FM4dsAIGOEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTByZWgwN285BHNlYwNzcg
Rwb3MDMQRjb2xvA3NrMQR2dGlkAw--/SIG=12l41rpqk/EXP=1279440111/**http://www.amateurg
eologist.com/content/glossary/earth/earth.html
83%
200. Amateur Geologist Structured Geological Glossary: The Ocean

A small, rounded concretion found on the deep ocean floor that may contain as much as 20 ... on
the deep ocean floor as well as the basalt of the oceanic crust. ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oG721pY0FM_MUA1gOEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTByMTNuNTZzBHNlYwNzc
gRwb3MDMgRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=12lq1j6s9/EXP=1279440105/**http://www.amateurge
ologist.com/content/glossary/ocean/ocean.html
83%
201. Ancient climates

Deep ocean temperatures were about 15 degrees. Climate declined in the late Cretaceous and kept
on declining during the Ceneozoic. This led to a vigorous greenhouse effect that eventually raised
temperatures to the current 480 degrees Celsius. The water in
http://andvari.vedur.is/~halldor/HB/205Bold/Lecture7.html
83%
202. Apparatus for disposal of toxic and radioactive waste

Patent #: 7165917
ND+crust&p=1
83%
203. April 2010 Geology and GSA Today highlights
-m2g032510.php&charset=iso-8859-1&qt=+increase++temperature++deep++ocean++
83%
204. Back to basics

Back to basics Australian Academy of Science | Science education Back to basics The sites listed
below provide an excellent introduction to several ba
http://www.science.org.au/scied/basics.htm
83%
205. December 2008 Geology and GSA Today media highlights
-d2g112508.php&charset=iso-8859-1&qt=+increase++temperature++deep++ocean++
83%
206. Desulfotomaculum and Methanobacterium spp. Dominate a 4- to 5-Kilometer-Deep
Fault - Moser et al. 71 (12): 8773 - Applied and
Nov 2009 - ...oceanic and terrestrial deep subsurface settings...of the terrestrial crust contains 9.5
x...and associated with deep terrestrial hydrologic...Conductivity, pH, temperature, and E h were
measured...diffusivity increases with temperature accor
http://aem.asm.org/cgi/content/full/71/12/8773?ck=nck
83%
207. Earth Changes

increasing ocean warming and melting poles, and quakes striking in places not ... Earth crust plates
that are coming under increasing pressure will no ...
http://www.zetatalk.com/index/coct26-1.htm
83%
208. Earth system Science I

Since the Atlantic ocean is increasing in size whereas the Pacific is ... is that Pacific ocean crust is
being consumed back into the asthenosphere at the ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oGdFhvY0FM4dsAH2OEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybjBnOXNnBHNlYwNzcgR
wb3MDMARjb2xvA3NrMQR2dGlkAw--/SIG=12aa60cr1/EXP=1279440111/**http://instruct.uwo.ca/e
arth-sci/300b-001/erthsys1.htm
83%
209. Earth-Pages Archive News, Environmental

Dec 2009 - ...to remove gas from the deep water (see Taming Lake Nyos...equilibrium.
Furthermore, the deep cool water is nutrient rich and...natural petroleum fields or deep aquifers,
what happens...moderate pressure and low temperature it may combine with
http://www.earth-pages.com/archive/environmental.asp
83%
210. Elkhorn Slough

Elkhorn Slough Home Visitors | Education | Research | Get Involved | Natural History | Kid's Corner
Site Map the Slough Join Elkhorn Slough Founda
http://www.elkhornslough.org/newspages/GPS.htm
83%
211. Fluid Mechanics Group Lockheed Missiles Space Co

Increase Temperature Deep Ocean. From: Vincent J. Cataldi. Reads: 47. 130 p. Increase ... 166.
View/Open - Home : Deep Blue at the University of Michigan The authors are indebted ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0geumlyY0FMhmsAVsGEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybjIxbDhlBHNlYwNzcgRw
b3MDMARjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=137s31et0/EXP=1279440114/**http://www.scribd.com/do
c/33757900/Fluid-Mechanics-Group-Lockheed-Missiles-Space-Co
83%
212. Future Needs in Deep Submergence Science: Occupied and Unoccupied Vehicles in
Basic Ocean Research
Aug 2009 - ...than the ocean crust, i"Diapir...UNDERSTANDING DEEP SUBMERGENCE...within the
crust and mantle...biosphere from deep in the sub...overlying ocean? · How and...overlying ocean?
These questions...UNDERSTANDING DEEP SUBMERGENCE...sure and temper
http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10854&page=23
83%
213. Future Needs in Deep Submergence Science: Occupied and Unoccupied Vehicles in
Basic Ocean Research
Mar 2009 - ...than the ocean crust, i"Diapir...UNDERSTANDING DEEP SUBMERGENCE...within the
crust and mantle...biosphere from deep in the sub...overlying ocean? · How and...overlying ocean?
These questions...UNDERSTANDING DEEP SUBMERGENCE...sure and temper
http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10854&page=23
83%
214. Gelatinous food elastomer compositions and articles for use as fishing bait
Patent #: 7208184
ND+crust&p=1
83%
215. GEOCHEMICAL SINKS AND RECYCLING AT SUBDUCTION ZONES

Site 801: A Geochemical Reference Site for Global Budgets and the Aging of Oceanic Crust. Holes
801C and 1149D in the western Pacific Ocean provide well-described sections into Mesozoic
fast-spreading crust, Layer 2A. This ocean crust This crust These zone
http://www-odp.tamu.edu/publications/185_SR/synth/synth_5.htm
83%
216. GEOLITHOSPHERE Geolithosphere - the rocky portion of the ...

Crust. Ocean. 65 KM. 5-10 km. Crust. Mantle. Core. Outer Rigid. Mantle. Asthenosphere.
Mesosphere ... between temperature and pressure in the asthenosphere - increasing pressure
favors ...
http://www.eas.slu.edu/People/KChauff/geography/GEOGRAPHY_LECTURE_4.pdf
83%
217. Geologists Discover New Class Of Spreading Ridge On Sea Bottom

Scientists have discovered a new "ultra-slow" class of ocean ridge involved in seafloor
spreading. Investigations in the remote regions of the planet--in the ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oGdFhvY0FM4dsAIWOEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTByZ3RtN3J1BHNlYwNzcgR
wb3MDMgRjb2xvA3NrMQR2dGlkAw--/SIG=12hre4dds/EXP=1279440111/**http://www.sciencedail
y.com/releases/2003/12/031201065706.htm
83%
218. Geothermal Education Office - more hot websites

Geothermal Education Office - more hot websites GEOTHERMAL AND RELATED TERMS | a -c | d-g
| h-n | p-r | s-z | acid rain: common name for any precipita
http://geothermal.marin.org/terms.html
83%
219. Glossary - Deepseaconservation.org - Website of the DC-UK project

Deep-sea trenches : Narrow, elongate depressions of the deep sea floor. ... Global warming:
Increase in global temperature caused by increasing atmospheric carbon ... Oceanic Crust: The
outermost layer of rock on the earth's surface, ...
http://www.deepseaconservation.org/dcuk/glossary.php
83%
220. Glossary of Climate Change Terms | Climate Change | U.S. EPA

Glossary of Climate Change Terms | Climate Change | U.S. EPA Jump to main content. Climate
Change Contact Us Search: All EPA This Area You are here: E
http://epa.gov/climatechange/glossary.html
83%
221. Igneous and Metamorphic Rocks

Near the surface in ordinary crust, the temperature rises some 30 ... while deformation deep in the
crust occurs more plastically ... super-charged fluids come out of brand-new ocean crust ...
http://topex.ucsd.edu/es10/lectures/lecture16/lecture16.html
83%
222. Increase Temperature Deep Ocean Pressure

Increase Temperature Deep Ocean Crust 0 reads. Increase Temperature Deep Ocean 0 reads.
ES10-1Cloze 147 reads. Increase Pressure Deep Ocean Crust ...
http://www.scribd.com/doc/34330644/Increase-Temperature-Deep-Ocean-Pressure
83%
223. Inflatable restraint cushions and other uses

Patent #: 7234560
ND+crust&p=1
83%
224. IODP Expedition 309 Preliminary Report

Accretion of oceanic crust at mid-ocean ridges from magmas passively upwelled ... of the Ocean
Crust Program Planning Group) reemphasize deep drilling to obtain ...
http://iodp.tamu.edu/publications/PR/309PR/prel5.html
83%
225. January-February 2007 GSA Bulletin media highlights
-j2g120506.php&charset=iso-8859-1&qt=+increase++temperature++deep++ocean++c
83%
226. June 2008 Geology and GSA Today media highlights
83%
227. Lecture 1
top portion of the crust is made up of granite ; bottom portion of basalt and ... Experiment by
Bullent: in increase of P wave velocity with depth and the ...
http://pkukmweb.ukm.my/~rahim/Lecture%209[1].htm
83%
228. Leveraging the Infosphere

In addition to the aforementioned examples of deep space object .... Energy transmitted through
the crust can also be used to construct an image.18 ... These elements are heated at one end to
create a temperature gradient. ... It could be used to "lick" th
http://www.google.com/url?q=http://www.fas.org/spp/military/docops/usaf/2020/app-b.htm&sa=
U&ei=HGNBTL6lJMGCnQfX1YTCDw&ved=0CFcQFjAU&usg=AFQjCNFqqNn9-gGv6HC1wJ9_R4CkC_F
OCA
83%
229. Mesozoic: Definition from Answers.com

Higher levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are thought to have caused the world
temperature gradient from north to south to become almost flat: temperatures were about the
same across the planet. Average temperatures were also higher than today by a
http://www.answers.com/topic/mesozoic
83%
230. NASA - Earthquake

Each plate consists of a section of Earth's crust and a portion of the ... Mid- ocean spreading ridges
are places in the deep ocean basins where the plates move apart. ... on plate interiors by changes
of temperature or pressure in the rock. ... Every incr
http://www.nasa.gov/worldbook/earthquake_worldbook.html
83%
231. NMNH Galapagos Expedition- Carole Baldwin's Q&A

NMNH Galapagos Expedition- Carole Baldwin's Q&A Home | Introduction | About Galápagos |
Research | Photo Journal Carole's Journal | Perso
http://www.mnh.si.edu/expeditions/galapagos/q-a.htm
83%
232. NOVA SCIENCE - Science & Technology News

If so, where has the missing heat gone? Is the ocean sequestering heat deep below where the
ARGO buoys measure water temperature? I had my own Dunning-Kruger moment after reading
this paper. My theory was we already had observational proof that the heat mu
http://novascience.wordpress.com/
83%
233. November 2009 Geology and GSA Today highlights
-n2g103009.php&charset=iso-8859-1&qt=+increase++temperature++deep++ocean++
83%
234. Ocean floors

Jan 2010 - ...propagated in the deep sea area and...than the world ocean seems to
have...development of deep biological communities...2003: a 30% increase in
population...propagation of ocean accretion...the geology, deep structure and crust nature for the
http://www.ifremer.fr/anglais/rapp2004/fonds-ocean.htm
83%
235. Ocean thermal energy conversion - Wikipedia, the free ...

Ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC or OTE[1]) uses the temperature difference that exists
between deep and ... and power is produced with the largest temperature difference. ...
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_thermal_energy_conversion
83%
236. October GEOLOGY and GSA TODAY media highlights
-oga092805.php&charset=iso-8859-1&qt=+increase++temperature++deep++ocean++
83%
237. Planet Earth: Plan or Accident?

Did an ever-seeing Intelligence plan and direct the creation of our planet? Or, did the ... surface
temperature, tilt and rotation, atmosphere, ocean, and crust) to the ...
http://www.icr.org/index.php?module=articles&action=view&ID=61
83%
238. Plate tectonics and people [This Dynamic Earth, USGS]

Plate tectonics and people [This Dynamic Earth, USGS] Over geologic time, plate movements in
concert with other geologic processes, such as glacial an
http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/tectonics.html
83%
239. Power plant system for utilizing the heat energy of geothermal reservoirs
Patent #: 7178337
ND+crust&p=1
83%
240. Prediction system and method

Patent #: 7277797
ND+crust&p=1
83%
241. Primary magmas and mantle temperatures - GREEN et al. 13 (3): 437 ...
The average crust of ocean basins is basaltic in ... With increasing temperature, the melt
composition in the ... the magmas themselves for a high temperature (T = 100–200°C) deep ...
http://eurjmin.geoscienceworld.org/cgi/content/full/13/3/437
83%
242. Production of hydrogen and removal and sequestration of carbon dioxide from
coal-fired furnaces and boilers
Patent #: 7282189
ND+crust&p=1
83%
243. Quake jars assumptions about crustal plumbing, life at mid-ocean ridges
http://search.eurekalert.org/e3/cs.html?url=http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2000-09/UoW
-Qjaa-1209100.php&charset=iso-8859-1&qt=+increase++temperature++deep++ocean
++crust&col=ev3rel&n=13&la=en
83%
244. Remote Sensing Tutorial Page 19-12

The martian crust in its broad or first order state can be subdivided ... Mars may also have had in
the past enough water to develop large lakes or ocean-sized bodies. ..... are typically broad and
deep, creating canyon-like depressions. .... too high a te
http://www.google.com/url?q=http://www.fas.org/irp/imint/docs/rst/Sect19/Sect19_12.html&sa=U
&ei=HGNBTL6lJMGCnQfX1YTCDw&ved=0CEoQFjAQ&usg=AFQjCNEaKEgnC8qEXb4o1DnQkaifyH82z
Q
83%
245. Remote Sensing Tutorial Page 19-13b

Here is a temperature-time plot for the near surface around the Opportunity site : ..... Of particular
significance is the increase in chlorine at Opportunity .... outer crust, the patterns are localized,
variable in their effects, ..... to five meters) de
http://www.google.com/url?q=http://ftp.fas.org/irp/imint/docs/rst/Sect19/Sect19_13b.html&sa=U
&ei=HGNBTL6lJMGCnQfX1YTCDw&ved=0CFQQFjAT&usg=AFQjCNEwFojs80WjZtytguhHEKhsIoC_1
w
83%
246. Remote Sensing Tutorial Section 16 Answers

16-2: There is a temperature limit to the occurrence/survival of life. ... ( extracted mainly as
petroleum and natural gas); the main sink is the deep ocean. ...
http://www.google.com/url?q=http://www.fas.org/irp/imint/docs/rst/Sect16/answers.html&sa=U&
ei=HGNBTL6lJMGCnQfX1YTCDw&ved=0CFoQFjAV&usg=AFQjCNHilHoCCnH461EjRvf0ps3tQXRRhQ
83%
247. Review questions for October 14-20

magma generated in the crust drips down into the mantle ? all of the ... introduced into oceanic
crust at the mid-ocean ridge, prior to subduction ? ...
http://facstaff.uww.edu/bhattacj/review_10_20.html
83%
248. STS-59
STS-59 STS-59 (62) Endeavour (6) Pad 39-A (50) 62nd Shuttle Mission 6th Flight OV-105 EAFB
Landing (40) Crew: Sidney M. Gutierrez (2), Commander Kevin
http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-59/mission-sts-59.html
83%
249. System and method for recovering geothermal energy and for converting recovered
geothermal energy into useful power
Patent #: 7251938
ND+crust&p=1
83%
250. Tear resistant gel articles for various uses

Patent #: 7290367
ND+crust&p=1
83%
251. Tear resistant gels and articles for every uses

Patent #: 7226484
ND+crust&p=1
83%
252. Tear resistant gels, composites, and cushion articles

Patent #: 7222380
ND+crust&p=1
83%
253. The Deep Sea at MarineBio.org - Ocean biology, Marine life, Sea ...
... sampling technologies are increasing the opportunities for marine biologists to observe and
uncover the mysteries of the deep ocean ... into the cold waters, the deep sea temperature ...
http://marinebio.org/Oceans/Deep/
83%
254. The Dialectics of Geology

From the cool thin crust, down 50 kilometres, the temperature is about 800°C. ... of an ocean
under a continent, rocks can be buried very deep in the crust. ...
http://www.marxist.com/science-old/dialecticsofgeology.html
83%
255. The Dialectics of Geology

From the cool thin crust, down 50 kilometres, the temperature is about 800°C. ... of an ocean
under a continent, rocks can be buried very deep in the crust. ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oGdDZrY0FMdgMAsNKEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybjBnOXNnBHNlYwNzcg
Rwb3MDMARjb2xvA3NrMQR2dGlkAw--/SIG=12f5akcb0/EXP=1279440107/**http://www.marxist.co
m/science-old/dialecticsofgeology.html
83%
256. Unit 3 Self-Check Questions and Answers

1: It has been claimed that the age of oceanic crust increase as one moves away from the
mid-ocean ridges. How does one determine the age of the oceanic crust? The age of oceanic crust
can be determined by radiometric dating. Also, the age of the crust can
http://student.ccbcmd.edu/courses/eas101/unit3/easqa3.html
83%
257. V1003 Science and Society - Global Warming

N. Atlantic ocean salinities are falling, whereas tropical oceans are becoming ... and deep ocean
salinities for many decades and they have noted that the oceans are ...
http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/edu/dees/V1003/lectures/global_warming/index.html
83%
258. Wen-Lu Zhu - Assoc. Scientist, Geology

They raise the temperature, increase the pressure, or twist the rock then ... along the volcanically
active mid-ocean ridge on the deep ocean floor. ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oG721pY0FM_MUA1QOEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybnZlZnRlBHNlYwNzcgR
wb3MDMQRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=13s5280p0/EXP=1279440105/**http://www.womenoce
anographers.org/Default.aspx?pid=E1E3254E-1C80-4e6d-ABBF-1EC5F5436C3E&id=WenluZhu
83%
259. [PDF] Evaluation of Current Tropospheric Mapping Functions by Deep Space ...
son and uses no weather data at the time of the measurements. .... NASA Crustal Dynamics Project
(CDP) and National Oceanic and Atmospheric ... functions generally increase rapidly with
decreasing elevation angles below 20 deg. ...
http://ipnpr.jpl.nasa.gov/progress_report/42-119/119O.pdf
82%
260. [PDF]Evidence for metasomatism due to melt migration within deep ...
We detected gradational increase in incompatible element concentrations ... and penetration of
high temperature seawater into deep oceanic crust may not be ...
http://wwwsoc.nii.ac.jp/jepsjmo/cd-rom/2009cd-rom/program/session/pdf/G126/G126-006_e.pdf
82%
261. AGU Journal highlights - 14 April 2005
82%
262. AGU journal highlights - 24 August 2004
82%
263. AGU Journal highlights - 26 October 2004
82%
264. AGU Journal Highlights - 8 September 2004
82%
265. AGU Journal Highlights -- June 7, 2007
82%
266. Canyonlands National Park Information Guide

Canyonlands National Park Information Guide Welcome to the Canyonlands National Park
Information Guide It is our intent to provide information that wi
http://www.canyonlands.national-park.com/info.htm
82%
267. Chapter 16- Origin and Evolution of the Ocean Floor
The deep ocean basin lies between the continental margin and the mid ... and volcanic structures
that have developed on newly formed oceanic crust. ...
http://spot.pcc.edu/~aodman/GS106/ocean-floor.doc
82%
268. Combination inflator and manifold assembly

Patent #: 7056179
ND+crust&p=1
82%
269. Deep sea vent - MicrobeWiki

Depending on its activity, smoker vents can increase in ... - Components of the ocean crust:
Aluminum silicate rock, iron ... living under black smoker vents because deep ocean water is ...
http://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/Deep_sea_vent
82%
270. definitions - MY NASA DATA GLOSSARY

Dec 18, 2008 ... an increase of Earth's average temperature which could lead to climate change. ...
include changes due to surface and deep currents in the ocean, .... Earth that is solid and is
comprised of the crust and upper mantle. ...
http://mynasadata.larc.nasa.gov/glossary.php?word=ALL
82%
271. Earth Sciences 8 - Earth Catastrophes - Lecture 17

As the ocean crust and lithosphere increase in age (in the perpendicular direction to the ridge) the
rock ... So, how do we know about the deep structure of mid-ocean ridges? ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oG72d5Y0FMdL0ATayEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTByMTNuNTZzBHNlYwNzcg
Rwb3MDMgRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=12gbhibh7/EXP=1279440121/**http://www.ic.ucsc.edu
/~tlay/eart80a/Lectures/lecture16.html
82%
Why? Because God is a god of beauty and design and he desired to prepare a special home ... A
very small increase in ocean temperature will release a massive amount of carbon ...
http://www.icr.org/index.php?module=news&action=view&ID=33
82%
273. Evolution of Continents and Oceans

Some trenches are as deep as 11 km, and may extend for thousands of ... chemical elements
between the oceans and the oceanic crust (elemental cycles), and the ...
http://www.indiana.edu/~g105lab/1425chap13.htm
82%
274. Faults and damage zones in fast-spread crust exposed on the ...
Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems (G3) is an electronic journal that publishes ... in fast-spread
crust exposed on the north wall of the Hess Deep Rift: Conduits and seals ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oG76R4Y0FMJo4ALhSEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybjIxbDhlBHNlYwNzcgRw
b3MDMARjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=12ca47lji/EXP=1279440120/**http://www.agu.org/pubs/c
rossref/2007/2007GC001623.shtml
82%
275. Gelatinous elastomer compositions and articles for use as fishing bait
Patent #: 7134236
ND+crust&p=1
82%
276. Gelatinous food elastomer compositions and articles

Patent #: 7108873
ND+crust&p=1
82%
277. Gels for force gauging

Patent #: 7093316
ND+crust&p=1
82%
278. Gels, composites, and health care articles

Patent #: 7093599
ND+crust&p=1
82%
279. GeoKansas-Glossary
GeoKansas-Glossary GeoKansas-a place to learn about Kansas geology Glossary A ACRE-FOOT-The
volume of water necessary to cover one acre to a depth
http://www.kgs.ku.edu/Extension/glossary.html
82%
280. Geological Society of America - Highlights from GSA Bulletin

By using 40Ar/39Ar thermochronology on the mineral mica and the fission track method on the
mineral apatite we were able to constrain the ascent of the domal rocks from original temperatures
of 350 °C in the middle crust to 60 °C, revealing a three-stage
http://www.geosociety.org/news/pr/06-17.htm
82%
281. Geology Ch 11-14 study tools.

Temperature gradually increases with an increase in depth at the rate. D " Layer. Waves ... surface
extending from the shoreline toward the deep ocean basin ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oG76R4Y0FMJo4AMBSEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTByMTNuNTZzBHNlYwNzcg
Rwb3MDMgRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=11tb9p0e2/EXP=1279440120/**http://www.studystack
.com/flashcard-73321
82%
282. Geotimes - December 2002 - Mid-Ocean Ridge World

Apr 2009 - ...seawater, affecting ocean chemistry and...flow rates and temperature elevations
of...earthquakes fueled an increase in biological...to changes in temperature a few degrees...crests
of mid-ocean ridges. This...and beneath the deep ocean floor
http://www.agiweb.org/geotimes/dec02/feature_ridge.html
82%
283. Glossary
These extensive, featureless regions of the deep ocean floor constitute Earth's ... The theory that
the world's average temperature is increasing due to the ... Tectonic plates - Like pieces of a
gigantic jigsaw puzzle, Earth's crust is ...
http://www.mcbi.org/shining_sea/glossary.htm
82%
284. Glossary of Water Resource Terms

Glossary of Water Resource Terms Glossary of Water Resource Terms A B C D E F G H I J K L M N
O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z A abandoned water right a water
http://www.edwardsaquifer.net/glossary.html
82%
285. Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill Ocean Floor Mud Dog Data
Scribd is a way to easily put your documents online. ... Increase Temperature Deep Ocean... From:
Vincent J. Cataldi. Reads: 25. 641 p. Increase Temperature Deep Ocean ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oG76Z1Y0FMVN4AmOSEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybnZlZnRlBHNlYwNzcgR
wb3MDMQRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=138qthf2d/EXP=1279440117/**http://www.scribd.com/
doc/33942878/Gulf-of-Mexico-Oil-Spill-Ocean-Floor-Mud-Dog-Data
82%
286. Headline News from Antarctica - Antarctic Connection

Headline News from Antarctica - Antarctic Connection Headline News Weather Wildlife/Penguins
Science History Shackleton Stations Treaty Expeditions AN
http://www.antarcticconnection.com/antarctic/news/2002/index.shtml
82%
287. High strain tear resistant gels and gel composites for use as artificial muscle actuators
Patent #: 6909220
ND+crust&p=1
82%
288. How Rocks Are Formed

How Rocks Are Formed RocksForKids.com How Rocks & Minerals Are Formed The Earth's Rocks
Minerals Crystals Soil Erosion The Rock Cycle Igneous
http://rocksforkids.com/RFK/howrocks.html
82%
289. Hydrothermal temperature changes at the southern Juan de Fuca ...

deep-ocean hydrothermal systems can be altered by large earthquakes even at a distance ...
increase as a result of a permeability increase, and therefore. uid temperature ...
http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/vents/staff/chadwick/pubs/Dziak_2003_Geology.pdf
82%

Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 312 Preliminary Report: Superfast Spreading
Rate Crust
http://publications.iodp.org/preliminary_report/312/prel5.html
82%
291. July 2009 Geology and GSA Today media highlights
82%
292. June 2009 Geology and GSA Today media highlights
82%
293. magma and magmatism - Decompression melting, Melting by ...

... an increase in temperature, and changing from the dry solidus to the ... beneath Hawaii that the
sea mount has become taller than the ocean is deep and it emerges as an island. ...
http://science.jrank.org/pages/47819/magma-magmatism.html
82%
294. March Geology media highlights
-mgm022802.php&charset=iso-8859-1&qt=+increase++temperature++deep++ocean+
+crust&col=ev3rel&n=24&la=en
82%
295. May 2010 Geology highlights
82%
296. Metamorphism and Metamorphic Rocks

Increasing temperature can be caused by burial or intrusion of magma, and results in: ... floor
sediments, ocean crust fragments, and various low-temperature high-pressure ...
http://www.geo.ua.edu/intro03/Meta.html
82%
297. Mid-ocean ridge: Facts, Discussion Forum, and Encyclopedia Article

... depth progressively increases; the greatest depths are in ocean trenches. As the oceanic crust ...
The Curie temperature , or Curie ... are generally submerged deep in the ocean ...
http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Mid-ocean_ridge
82%
298. Ocean Crust/Lithosphere

Ocean Lithosphere •Layer 1-Deep sea ... older, cooler, more dense-Depth to the ocean crust
increases ... by an applied field-Low temperature alteration of the crust includes ...
http://www.clas.ufl.edu/users/eemartin/GLY5736F09/lectures/3.OceanCrust.pdf
82%
299. ocean: Definition from Answers.com

ocean n. The entire body of salt water that covers more than 70 percent of the earth's surface. (
Abbr
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0geumlyY0FMhmsAWMGEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTByMTNuNTZzBHNlYwNzc
gRwb3MDMgRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=11m5cmj5n/EXP=1279440114/**http://www.answers
.com/topic/ocean
82%
300. Polar oceans key to temperature in the tropics

Scientists have found that the ocean temperature at Earth's polar extremes has a significant impact
thousands of miles away at the equator.
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oG72d5Y0FMdL0ATKyEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybnZlZnRlBHNlYwNzcgRw
b3MDMQRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=12h9v63uc/EXP=1279440121/**http://www.sciencedaily.
com/releases/2010/06/100617143934.htm
82%
301. PROJECT NEPTUNE: A FIBER OPTIC TELESCOPE TO INNER SPACE

It is currently possible to measure temperature, resistivity, pH, H2S, and H2(aq) in situ. Adaptation
of these sensors for long duration deployments is needed, and calibration issues need to be
addressed. High priority should also be given to development o
http://www.neptune.washington.edu/documents/SCIENC/ridge_crest.html
82%
302. Remote Sensing Tutorial Page 2-1a

As such rocks are heated to temperatures below but not far from those that ... The rocks actually
soften (see below) as they are heated during deep burial. .... Its continents have grown relative to
oceanic crust and have shifted in .... this progression w
http://rst.gsfc.nasa.gov/Sect2/Sect2_1a.html
82%
303. Review questions for October 14-20

an increase in temperature ? an increase in the vibration within a ... introduced into oceanic crust
at the mid-ocean ridge, prior to subduction ? ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oG72d5Y0FMdL0AS6yEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybjIxbDhlBHNlYwNzcgRw
b3MDMARjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=1261pmjd2/EXP=1279440121/**http://facstaff.uww.edu/
bhattacj/review_10_20.html
82%
304. Solar System Exploration: Science & Technology: Science Features ...
As a general rule, temperature increases with depth inside a planet, ... an underlying ocean, the
sudden loss of material strength in the crust would cause ... The Galileo spacecraft dipped deep
into the radiation belts for only a few ...
https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/scitech/display.cfm?ST_ID=286
82%
305. Tear resistant adherent gels, composites, and articles

Patent #: 7067583
ND+crust&p=1
82%
306. Tear resistant gels, composites, and articles
Patent #: 7105607
ND+crust&p=1
82%
307. Tear resistant gels, composites, and diving apparel articles

Patent #: 7134929
ND+crust&p=1
82%
308. Tear resistant, crystalline midblock copolymer gels and articles

Patent #: 6867253
ND+crust&p=1
82%
309. Testimony of Dr. D. James Baker, Under Secretary for Oceans and Atmosphere, before
the House Resources Fisheries Conservation, .
Jun 2000 - ...observations (e.g., temperature, surface wind stress...physical state of the upper
ocean (temperature, salinity and water...Array (3) improve and increase sampling from
VOS...satellite data sets with ocean model results to produce...
http://www.ogc.doc.gov/ogc/legreg/testimon/106s/baker0525.htm
82%
310. The Fountains of Noah's Flood and the Windows of Heaven

The geophysics of Noah's flood. A model of the Biblical fountains of the deep and windows of
heaven and how this synergistic process produced a flood which could ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oG76R4Y0FMJo4ALxSEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybnZlZnRlBHNlYwNzcgRw
b3MDMQRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=11of1i952/EXP=1279440120/**http://www.kjvbible.org/g
eysers.html
82%
311. The Restless Earth: A Geologic Primer

The decay of heavy radioactive elements like uranium deep in the core produces the increase in
heat. ... boundaries mid-ocean spreading ridges that generate new oceanic crust. ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oG76Z1Y0FMVN4Al.SEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybjIxbDhlBHNlYwNzcgRwb
3MDMARjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=13h2itubr/EXP=1279440117/**http://www.washington.edu
/burkemuseum/geo_history_wa/The%20Restless%20Earth%20v.2.0.htm
82%
312. Under the sea
http://search.eurekalert.org/e3/cs.html?url=http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2008-03/uoc-
uts032708.php&charset=iso-8859-1&qt=+increase++temperature++deep++ocean++cr
82%
313. USIGS Definitions and Descriptions - E
An object emits thermal energy according to its temperature (e.g., .... allies, and coalition partners
to promote communication, increase flexibility, ...
http://www.google.com/url?q=http://www.fas.org/irp/agency/nima/nug/gloss_e.html&sa=U&ei=H
GNBTL6lJMGCnQfX1YTCDw&ved=0CGoQFjAa&usg=AFQjCNH6RmU30WM8_DhppUw70tE0e8lMDQ
82%
314. Volcanoes of the United States [USGS]

Volcanoes of the United States [USGS] Text plus figures [Requires table-enabled browser]
Volcanoes of the United States Online Version 1.1 by Steven R
http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/volcus/ustext.html
82%
315. "Get a Straight Answer"

"Get a Straight Answer" Site Map Get a Straight Answer Please note! Listed below are questions
submitted by users of "From Stargazers t
http://www-istp.gsfc.nasa.gov/stargaze/StarFAQ3.htm
81%
316. [PDF] Tectonics and Water on Europa

cracks that repeatedly force liquid water from a subsurface ocean to the ... However, the formation
of km-deep cracks in Europa's crust is ... will produce frictional heating, causing the local
temperature to increase and the viscosity ...
http://trs-new.jpl.nasa.gov/dspace/bitstream/2014/14249/1/00-0661.pdf
81%
317. AGU journal highlights - 16 March 2006
81%
318. AGU journal highlights - 31 May 2006
81%
319. AGU journal highlights -- April 22, 2008
81%
320. AGU Journal Highlights -- May 3, 2007
81%
321. All Things Ocean | Ocean Realm Society
Pressure in the ocean waters increases with increasing depth due to ... The deep ocean floor
begins at the seaward edge of the continental rise or ...
http://www.allthingsocean.com/
81%
322. Ambient Pressure X-ray Photo Electron Spectroscopy

http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oG7_l.Y0FMdHUAJZ2EzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybjIxbDhlBHNlYwNzcgRwb
3MDMARjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=139dmggrv/EXP=1279440126/**http://www.scribd.com/do
c/33943233/Ambient-Pressure-X-ray-Photo-Electron-Spectroscopy
81%
323. April Geoglogy and GSA Today media highlights
81%
324. April Geology media highlights
-agm040103.php&charset=iso-8859-1&qt=+increase++temperature++deep++ocean++
81%
325. August 2008 Geology and GSA Today media highlights
-a2g072208.php&charset=iso-8859-1&qt=+increase++temperature++deep++ocean++
81%
326. Betts Cove Ophiolite

The oldest ocean crust is dated at approximately 200 million years so ... basal portion of the ocean
crust, at a depth which correlates to an increase in seismic ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oG7_l.Y0FMdHUAJp2EzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybnZlZnRlBHNlYwNzcgRw
b3MDMQRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=129f3h2gc/EXP=1279440126/**http://members.shaw.ca/
ph-design/BettsCove/index.html
81%
327. ch2.2
Since the continental crust is about 2 x 1025 gm, about 60 x 1025 gm of ... oceanic islands may
result from release of substances from the deep undepleted zone. ... Are oceans increasing in
volume, or did they appear essentially in their ... 1977), is that
http://history.nasa.gov/CP-2156/ch2.2.htm
81%
328. Chapter 4 - CONTINENTAL MARGINS AND OCEAN BASINS

... crust Ocean Basin The deep-sea ... deep ocean floor is called a trench Generally cooler water
temperatures ...
http://hovanitz.com/ChapterNotesGarrison/Chapter04.html
81%
329. Class Notes - Introduction to the Geosciences

Was this ocean 10,000 feet deep? Was this area at one time at sea ... With increasing depth of
burial, accompanied by an increase in temperature, changes in mineral composition ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0geup.DY0FM5EYBUOmEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybnZlZnRlBHNlYwNzcgR
wb3MDMQRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=12adm49p0/EXP=1279440131/**http://www.uh.edu/~j
butler/physical/chapter1notes.html
81%
330. ClimateDebateDaily.Org
And a destabilized climate will continue to wreak havoc, and the predicted increase in temperature
(11 degrees C ) can extinguish most animal life at sea level. With less heat increase, perhaps we
have better survival chances.
http://www.climatedebatedaily.org/blog/
81%
331. Composition, Mixing, and Melting of the Mantle II: Beneath Hot Spots - Volcanology,...
Subduction of basaltic oceanic crust is a key mechanism for introducing chemical heterogeneities
into the Earth's mantle. Together with the crust however, the associated depleted lithosphere is
also subducted. In the mantle, basaltic crust has a lower soli
http://www.agu.org/meetings/sm05/sm05-sessions/sm05_V42A.html
81%
332. Deep Sea 2003: Conference on the Governance and Management of Deep-sea Fisheries.
Part 2:...
As the fluid circulates within the crust it interacts with basaltic rock at high temperatures. As
temperatures increase metals, silica and sulfide are leached from the rock, resulting in a hot, acidic
fluid rich in silica, hydrogen, sulfide and metals rela
http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0337e/A0337E16.htm
81%
333. Deep storage of oceanic crust in a vigorously convecting mantle

Deep storage of oceanic crust in a vigorously. convecting mantle. J. P. Brandenburg. 1. and P. ...
increase in. hf. s. i. In a qualitative comparison of temperature fields, ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0geuw58Y0FMZpkAAB6EzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybnZlZnRlBHNlYwNzcgR
wb3MDMQRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=12ftlu9jc/EXP=1279440124/**http://www.geo.lsa.umich
.edu/~keken/papers/2006JB004813.pdf
81%
334. Drilling to Gabbro in Intact Ocean Crust

Sampling an intact sequence of oceanic crust through lavas, dikes, and gabbros is ... of the
formation and evolution of crust formed at mid-ocean ridges, but it has ...
http://paleomag.geology.ucdavis.edu/research/acton/Publications/2006-Wilson-Science.pdf
81%
335. Evolution of Continents and Oceans

... Deep Sea Trenches = deepest parts of ocean basins (due to subduction of oceanic crust) ...
crust are denser than the upper portions, probably because of a downwards increase of ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0geup.DY0FM5EYBT.mEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybjIxbDhlBHNlYwNzcgRw
b3MDMARjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=122qg3nvu/EXP=1279440131/**http://www.indiana.edu/
~g105lab/1425chap13.htm
81%
336. FAQs about the Desert - Frequently Asked Questions

FAQs about the Desert - Frequently Asked Questions ASDM Home Visit Us Calendar
Food/Refreshments Shopping Group Visits Facility Rentals Collections/Ex
http://www.desertmuseum.org/center/edu/faq_desert.php
81%
337. February Geology and GSA Today media highlights
-fga020105.php&charset=iso-8859-1&qt=+increase++temperature++deep++ocean++c
81%
338. Fibers for reinforcing matrix materials

Patent #: 6773646
ND+crust&p=1
81%
339. Fibers for reinforcing matrix materials

Patent #: 6503625
ND+crust&p=1
81%
340. Frozen Under

discover earth's harshest land with ancient ice, marvelous animals, and majestic landscapes. Learn
about the adventures of writers and photographers i
http://magma.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/12/01/html/ft_20011201.1.html
81%

"This work will increase our understanding of mid-ocean ridge processes; marine ... Seafloor
spreading occurs at ocean ridges where new ocean crust forms along the margins ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oGdFeBY0FMXuIAwQWEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybjBnOXNnBHNlYwNzcg
Rwb3MDMARjb2xvA3NrMQR2dGlkAw--/SIG=125tl0ml3/EXP=1279440129/**http://www.spacedaily
.com/news/tectonics-03s.html
81%
342. Geology: rock melts, deep ocean trenches, explosive volcanoes

Oct 19, 2007 ... In these cases basaltic oceanic crust is being subducted below other ... As Rocks
are buried pressure increases and so does the temperature. ...
http://en.allexperts.com/q/Geology-1359/rock-melts.htm
81%
343. Geothermal space conditioning

Patent #: 6688129
ND+crust&p=1
81%
344. Grapes Of Wrath Family

The water emerges from a deep ocean at an average depth of 2100nbsp;metre. The temperature
of 407deg;C es Supercritical fluid. However the increase in size, merging with other rivers. This
circulation, north american van lines atlanta called convection, rv
http://vazenika.yourfreehosting.net/random-fc1/grapes-of-wrath-family.html
81%
345. GS106 Spring 2002 Midterm Lab Quiz Study Guide and Answer Key
i.e. the temperature of the water-gas mixture will not increase as water boils. ... Deep ocean
trench- deepest portions of ocean associated with seafloor subduction zones ...
http://www.wou.edu/las/physci/taylor/gs106/lbqz1std.pdf
81%
346. High resolution imaging microscope (HIRIM) and uses thereof

Patent #: 6160617
ND+crust&p=1
81%
347. Ice Age

An increase in volcanism will increase the amount of dust particles in the atmosphere, thus
reducing the amount of insolation, and thereby reducing global temperatures. Scientists have
shown that volcanism has indeed increased during the most recent two mi
http://newagedatabase.com/IceAge.htm
81%
348. It looks like champagne

Focus: Deep ocean carbon dioxide and global climate change ... the boiling point at a specific
temperature and. pressure, and at this point both phases ...
http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/07fire/background/edu/media/champagne.pdf
81%
349. January/February 2008 - NASA: Ocean-Ice Sheet Interaction in the ...

Mar 29, 2010 ... She said the forecast was for increasing winds and decreasing visibility ... the
inside temperature from being colder than it has been the past week. .... We are one group trying
out a combination of 10 deep-cycle .... I discovered a hard
http://pigiceshelf.nasa.gov/index.php?page=blogs_janfeb2007
81%
350. Life on Titan

Aug 2008 - ...indicate that an ocean consisting of...much as 200km deep, is presently concealed
beneath a crust of water ice...this hypothetical ocean are discussed...interior from the crust by a
deep ammonia-water ocean leads to a much...
http://www.es.ucl.ac.uk/research/planetary/undergraduate/dom/titan/titan.htm
81%
351. March 2010 Geology and GSA Today Highlights

81%
352. Methane and Methane Hydrates, part 2

( This increase is considerably higher than that in the crust of continents, which ... To study the
ocean floor and the sediments below, scientists often use seismic ...
http://www.killerinourmidst.com/methane%20and%20MHs2.html
81%
353. Method for predicting seismic events

Patent #: 6373396
ND+crust&p=1
81%
354. Micro-diastrophic synthetic polymeric fibers for reinforcing matrix materials

Patent #: 6265056
ND+crust&p=1
81%
355. Micro-diastrophic synthetic polymeric fibers for reinforcing matrix materials

Patent #: 6197423
ND+crust&p=1
81%
356. Montserrat Volcano Observatory, Special Report 06

Montserrat Volcano Observatory, Special Report 06 Montserrat Volcano Observatory, Montserrat,
West Indies Special Report 06 The Boxing Day Collapse El
http://www.geo.mtu.edu/volcanoes/west.indies/soufriere/govt/specrep/specrep06.html
81%
357. Multiple choice

the increase in temperature with increasing depth of ... that measures temperature in deep ... is
caused by high temperature and high pressure imposed over a large volume of crust?
http://www.uh.edu/~jbutler/physical/chap8mult.html
81%
358. NAI: Research Archive

Their results show an increased amount of _left handed_ isovaline in several ..... and the roots of
some plants, yet it has persisted in a low-temperature, ... The microbes appear to ?feed? on the
oceanic crust through seawater-rock ... "Some might even fa
http://nai.nasa.gov/research/
81%
359. November GEOLOGY and GSA TODAY media highlights

-nga102705.php&charset=iso-8859-1&qt=+increase++temperature++deep++ocean++
81%
360. oceanic-crust
c) deep-sea drilling (DSDP, now ODP) d ... Most of the oceanic crust is formed at mid-ocean ridges
... layer 2 - seismic velocities (3.5-6.2 km/s) increase
http://www.geology.udel.edu/~jmadsen/oceanic-crust.html
81%
361. OCN 201 - Fall 1997 Exam 1

today's oceans. 21. The seafloor-spreading hypothesis was supported by the Deep Sea ... of
sediment in the oceans is found in the deep sea, far from the ...
http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/oceanography/courses_html/OCN201/exams/F1997E1.pdf
81%
362. October 2009 Geology and GSA Today highlights
-o2g_1100109.php&charset=iso-8859-1&qt=+increase++temperature++deep++ocean
++crust&col=ev3rel&n=41&la=en
81%
363. One Small Step

One Small Step One Small Step Corrected Transcript and Commentary Copyright © 1995 by Eric M.
Jones . All rights reserved. Scan credits in the Im
http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a11/a11.step.html
81%
364. Partial Crystallization of Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts in the Crust and Mantle - HERZBERG
45 (12): 2389 - Journal of Petrology
Jun 2010 - ...with the base of the crust (Shen & Forsyth, 1995...crystallization in both crust and
mantle (Tormey et...terms of the intrinsic temperature of the crust and mantle below oceanic...the
lower crust in the ocean basins and ophiolite...
81%
365. Process of making fibers for reinforcing matrix materials

Patent #: 6592790
ND+crust&p=1
81%
366. Process of treating fibers

Patent #: 6596210
ND+crust&p=1
81%
367. SDI Glossary

For example, an increase in surface air temperature could increase the evaporation; .....
water-bodies, the Earth's crust and living organisms. ..... separates the warm mixed surface layer
of the ocean from the cold deep ocean water, ...
http://www.hq.nasa.gov/iwgsdi/glossary.html
81%
368. Slab of sunken ocean floor found deep within Earth

Slab of sunken ocean floor found deep within Earth ... to study complex structures in Earth's crust
... to a more compact form due to increasing pressure and temperature with ...
http://www.physorg.com/news67097315.html
81%
369. Tear resistant gelatinous elastomer compositions and articles for use as fishing bait
Patent #: 6794440
ND+crust&p=1
81%
370. Tear resistant, multiblock copolymer gels and articles

Patent #: 6148830
ND+crust&p=1
81%
371. Temperature and salt levels of the Western Mediterranean are ...
... Sea between 1943 and 2000 to study the evolution of each variable. Their research shows that,
since at least the 1940s, the deep water has become ...
81%
372. The Nine Planets Glossary

The Nine Planets Glossary Glossary A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Links
Web www.nineplanets.org Hardcopy The New Solar System Sum
http://www.nineplanets.org/help.html
81%
373. The oxygen isotope evolution of seawater: A critical review of a long-standing

controversy and an improved geological...
Jaffres, J.B.D. / Shields, G.A. / Wallmann, K.,Earth Science Reviews,83(1),p.83-122,Jul 2007 -
...value of ocean crust in the model...high- to low-temperature fluid/rock...An initial increase may
have...significant increase took place...The second increase
http://208.68.138.205/srsapp/search?q=increase+temperature+deep+ocean+crust&t=all&p=40&d
rill=yes&md5=7c20a438ba49a024f99c4ec553d3fe0b
81%
374. Thermohaline circulation

The two attributes, temperature and salinity, determine the density ... deep ocean and surface
ocean layers, with little mixing between them) and deep water ...
http://www.killerinourmidst.com/THC.html
81%
375. Unit Four – Energy in Earth's System
Temperature decreases as altitude increases because there in an increase ... Earth's crust and that
magma was welling up through the rift. because the ocean floor was ...
http://isite.lps.org/mgeist/N-DGE-U4.pdf
81%
376. UNIT II: THE DYNAMIC CRUST

... and at great ocean depths indicate changes in of the crust. c. Tilted and folded ... activity are
associated with high, young ranges and deep ocean. ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oGdFeBY0FMXuIAwgWEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTByZWgwN285BHNlYwNzc
gRwb3MDMQRjb2xvA3NrMQR2dGlkAw--/SIG=124dpharb/EXP=1279440129/**http://charlesburrow
s.com/GreenNotes/unitII.html
81%
377. Unscientific Science

As the earth spins faster, the centrifugal force along the equator increases and the equator
becomes fatter as the top crust moved towards the equator. Â Â The hard core of the earth does
not become oblate because it is hard but the crust is soft and bec
http://unitypublishing.com/Newsletter/CreationScience.htm
81%
378. ZetaTalk Accuracy, On Target Every Time

increase evident on the crust. This is not lineal, and the crust He told BBC News Online: "People
say global warming can't be raising air temperatures enough to
http://www.zetatalk3.com/index/blog1129.htm
81%
379. ZetaTalk: Rising Seas

Since the water flowing from the pole is cold, and would drop and run along the deep ocean rifts,
this would bring those rifts to the freezing point, cold water falling below warm. How high does
that cold water rise? Human statistics measure the temperatur
http://www.zetatalk3.com/poleshft/p164.htm
81%
380. Zoom Astronomy Glossary: A

Zoom Astronomy Glossary: A Advertisement. EnchantedLearning.com is a user-supported site. As a
bonus, site members have access to a banner-ad-free ver
http://www.allaboutspace.com/subjects/astronomy/glossary/
81%
381. - -heat flow ...

... that is, the rate of increase of temperature downward, is ordinarily obtained by measuring the
temperature ... The deep ocean floor is a thermally stable environment, generally ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oG7_WGY0FMon0BMa2EzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTByMTNuNTZzBHNlYwNzc
gRwb3MDMgRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=11s9f36bi/EXP=1279440134/**http://egeology.blogfa
.com/post-613.aspx
80%
382. [PDF] Lesson 3: Density

Introduction Graphic. (5.25_ X 2.75_). Anchored buoy floating in ocean; NOAA .... Answer: The
temperature of the substance could increase. ..... Illustration of cross section for 200-ft. deep site
survey,. Louisiana; USEP .... Answer: On average, the crust
http://astroventure.arc.nasa.gov/teachers/pdf/AV-Geolesson-3.pdf
80%
383. 23rd General Assemby IUGG and 32nd General Assembly IASPEI
Bernard reported that the program had received a $2M increase in funding in 2003 to accelerate
the production of inundation maps, to sustain tsunami mitigation programs in the states of Alaska,
California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington, and to increase th
http://iaspei.org/meetings/IUGG2003.html
80%
384. 42 SPRING 2002 S TAT ED MEETING REPO RT Engineering the Ocean Marcia...
Jan 2004 - ...only hope is to increase food production in the ocean, although international...its
salinity and temperature). The data are...massive global ocean model that predicts...projec- tions
of temperature and rainfall from the ocean climate model.
http://www.amacad.org/publications/bulletin/spring2002/ocean.pdf
80%
385. 6--Solid Earth Sciences and Topography

May 10, 1995 ... Study of deep sea sediment cores shows that variations in solar ... leading to
increased consumption of carbon dioxide, and a Cenozoic cooldown of the Earth. ... from magnetic
striping and geochronologies of oceanic crust. ..... wind direc
http://southport.jpl.nasa.gov/nrc/chapter6.html
80%
386. Alloy resistant to seawater and corrosive process fluids

Patent #: 4818483
ND+crust&p=2
80%
387. Analyzing a hydrocarbon reservoir by determining the response of that reservoir to

tidal forces
Patent #: 5040414
ND+crust&p=1
80%
388. Background, The Water Trail - Mars Exploration Rovers | Mars TV Presents Return
Background, The Water Trail - Mars Exploration Rovers | Mars TV Presents Return to Mars 2003 -
2004 | Mars Exploration Rovers - Mars Express - Beagle
http://www.mars.tv/mer/background.html
80%
389. Climate Change-What is Pole Shift?

The Crust of the Earth is detached from the outer core and inner core of the ... electro-magnetic
field patterns within the crust and deep water ocean currents. ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oGdEaJY0FM6IQByniEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybjBnOXNnBHNlYwNzcgR
wb3MDMARjb2xvA3NrMQR2dGlkAw--/SIG=12qdoppv0/EXP=1279440137/**http://heal-the-earth.o
rg/climate_change/climate_change_pole_shift.htm
80%
390. Computerized method and system for teaching prose, document and quantitative
literacy
Patent #: 5893717
ND+crust&p=1
80%
391. Continental Margin

Lying between the deep ocean basins and the above-water land areas, continental ... Earth's
surface, temperature and pressure increase with increasing depths. ...
http://www.novelguide.com/a/discover/ueol_01/ueol_01_00013.html
80%
392. DEEP SEA GEOTHERMAL ENERGY SYSTEM

A geothermal energy system utilizes geothermal heat under the floor of a body of water. ...
temperature, so the higher geothermal temperatures in the ocean floor can increase ...
http://www.freepatentsonline.com/y2010/0031652.html
80%
393. Deep Water Discoveries

Although the fluids are the same temperature as the surrounding ... through the soil and
penetrates holes in the earth's crust ... Spring 2002 69 Student Information: Deep Ocean
Adventures The ...
http://www.marine.usf.edu/pjocean/packets/sp02/sp02u2p4.pdf
80%
394. Dispersant compositions comprising sulfonated isobutylene maleic anhydride

copolymer for subterranean well drilling and completi
Patent #: 5360787
ND+crust&p=1
80%
395. Earth as a System

The increase in complexity came about by an evolutionary process ... crust, ocean water and
sediments, the living cell and the hydrosphere, and the crust and the deep interior. ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oG79GNY0FMxQgAhgyEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTByMTNuNTZzBHNlYwNzcg
Rwb3MDMgRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=11rdapsqb/EXP=1279440141/**http://www.isss.org/pri
mer/earthsys.htm
80%
396. Earth-Pages
One is that the isolation of deep-water organisms from temperature variations at the sea surface,
which control the take up of 18O by near surface plankton: well supported by the measured
constancy of cold deep ocean water. There are four main possibilitie
http://www.earth-pages.com/news.asp
80%
397. EarthWire - Marine - Recent News - Deep Sea

The ocean crust may be the largest biological reservoir on our planet. ... Temperature and salt
levels of the Western Mediterranean are on the increase ...
http://www.earthwire.org/marine/?t=200573&tn=Deep+Sea
80%
398. Electromagnetic transportation system for manned space travel

Patent #: 4795113
ND+crust&p=2
80%
399. FAQ-6: "The Great Magnet, the Earth"

May 27, 2008 ... Radioactive heating mostly comes from rocks in the crust--I think that if it ... How
deep do they go? Once they were thought to be associated with ..... Changes in ocean salinity due
to melting ice caps, or increase in ..... (1) Heat alway
http://www-istp.gsfc.nasa.gov/earthmag/magnQ&A6.htm
80%
400. Finals study guide (Text file)

2. Know the temperature and location of the warmest and coldest waters in the open ocean. ...
between temperature, salinity, the density of water, and explain why the deep water ...
http://earthguide.ucsd.edu/oceanography/FinalReviewF02A.txt
80%
401. Gameboard apparatus

Patent #: 4946169
ND+crust&p=2
80%
402. Genesis of Evolved Ocean Island Magmas by Deep- and Shallow-Level Basement
Recycling, Socorro Island, Mexico: Constraints from .
WENDY A. BOHRSON / MARY R. REID,Mar 2009 - ...Ocean Island Magmas by Deep- and
Shallow-Level...Magmas By Recycling Of Deep-Level Basaltic Basement...References Genesis of
Evolved Ocean Island Magmas by Deep- and Shallow-Level Basement...contaminant that co
http://www.oxfordjournals.org/our_journals/petroj/online/Volume_39/Issue_05/html/egb034_gml.h
tml
80%
403. Geosphere Background

The increase in temperature and pressure with depth and the melting temperature of the ...
sediments on the ocean crust, mainly shells and fragments ...
http://www.math.montana.edu/~nmp/materials/ess/geosphere/background/
80%
404. Global Warming

How could animals and plants be buried so deep?" The answer seems to be that the oil and ... rise
began around 1850, and its slope of increase is not changed by ...
http://peer.tamu.edu/curriculum_modules/Ecosystems/hazards/global_warming.htm
80%
405. High resolution imaging microscope (HIRIM) and uses thereof

Patent #: 5859700
ND+crust&p=1
80%
406. How deep in soil is organic matter found? First I'm a bit ...
since "how deep in soil is organic matter found?" and how deep the ... Temperature increases
rapidly with increasing depth into the Earth's crust. ...
http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20091031115225AAPaGwO
80%
407. Jan. GEOLOGY and GSA TODAY media highlights
80%
408. June GEOLOGY media highlights
-jgm060305.php&charset=iso-8859-1&qt=+increase++temperature++deep++ocean++
80%
409. June media highlights: Geology and GSA Today
http://search.eurekalert.org/e3/cs.html?url=http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2001-05/GSo
A-JmhG-2105101.php&charset=iso-8859-1&qt=+increase++temperature++deep++ocea
n++crust&col=ev3rel&n=48&la=en
80%
410. Keeping the Earth's plates oiled
http://search.eurekalert.org/e3/cs.html?url=http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2007-08/esf-k
te081007.php&charset=iso-8859-1&qt=+increase++temperature++deep++ocean++cru
st&col=ev3rel&n=45&la=en
80%
411. Lecture 23: Divergent Margins and Transform Margins November ...
[exposed sections of ocean floor], in transform fault margins, and by deep ocean drilling. Cooling
and ... due to rate of cooling and increase in brittle fracture of the crust. ...
http://sorcerer.ucsd.edu/ERTH50/Lect23_Diverg.pdf
80%
412. lecture03_113.jpg
As the crust cools and moves away from the spreading center it is less buoyant and is found at
deeper depths. As the depth increases, the temperature ... the deep parts of the ocean ...
http://web.mit.edu/12.114/05_fall/www/lectures/lecture03/MITFieldGeologyLecture03/photos/phot
o14.html
80%
413. Loop Current - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Although hurricanes do increase in strength over warmer water, it has not been ... Benthic · Deep
ocean water · Deep sea · Littoral · Mesopelagic · Oceanic zone ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oG79GNY0FMxQgAhAyEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybjIxbDhlBHNlYwNzcgR
wb3MDMARjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=11tq6h221/EXP=1279440141/**http://en.wikipedia.org/
wiki/Loop_Current
80%
414. May GEOLOGY media highlights
-mgm042105.php&charset=iso-8859-1&qt=+increase++temperature++deep++ocean+
+crust&col=ev3rel&n=47&la=en
80%
415. Method of generating power

Patent #: 4869067
ND+crust&p=2
80%
416. Microsoft Word - MMProposal_Forms.doc

Mar 2009 - ...through intact ocean crust, across the Moho...ODP, DSDP) to increase our
understanding...lithosphere through deep scientific drilling...accretion of igneous crust at mid-ocean
ridges and 4) estimate...deep in high-temperature basement, throug
http://www.isteem.univ-montp2.fr/spip/IMG/pdf/MissionMohoProposal_April07_LowRes.pdf
80%
417. Modeling & Feedback in Climate

For example, an increase in Earth's surface temperature increases evaporation from the ocean.
That loss of radiation decreases the temperature of the surface of the earth. That is, a change in
temperature, for what ever reasons, produces a further change i
http://physics.indiana.edu/~brabson/p310/feedback.html
80%
418. Ocean 540: Conduction; Conductive Plate Model

Conduction and the Conductive Plate Model. At the scale of an ocean basin, heat transfer ...
surface will be will be held at the temperature of the deep ocean: ...
http://www2.ocean.washington.edu/oc540/lec02-3/
80%
419. October GEOLOGY and GSA TODAY media highlights
-oga092706.php&charset=iso-8859-1&qt=+increase++temperature++deep++ocean++
80%
420. Process for the catalytic treatment of wastewater

Patent #: 5205906
ND+crust&p=1
80%
421. Review of deep ocean dynamics: geostrophy, Ekman layer ...

Review of deep ocean dynamics: geostrophy, Ekman layer transports, the Sverdrup balance ... with
increasing temperature and increases with increasing salinity. ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oGdEaJY0FM6IQBy3iEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTByZWgwN285BHNlYwNzcgR
wb3MDMQRjb2xvA3NrMQR2dGlkAw--/SIG=12bo66tf9/EXP=1279440137/**http://oceanografia.cice
se.mx/cursos/sco/chapter01.html
80%
422. Rule of twelfths - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This represents only the increase - the total depth of the water (relative to ... Benthic · Deep ocean
water · Deep sea · Littoral · Mesopelagic · Oceanic zone ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0geupyOY0FMd7YAfxmEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybjIxbDhlBHNlYwNzcgRw
b3MDMARjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=1213muuij/EXP=1279440142/**http://en.wikipedia.org/wi
ki/Rule_of_twelfths
80%
423. ScienceDaily: Geology News

Geology news. From the discovery of new properties of deep earth and finds in fossil magma
chambers to fossil fuels and more. Geology images and text.
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oG7_WGY0FMon0BL62EzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybjIxbDhlBHNlYwNzcgR
wb3MDMARjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=12e0u6k4k/EXP=1279440134/**http://www.sciencedaily
.com/news/earth_climate/geology/67/
80%
424. Search Results ((keywords_en:EARTH CRUST)) - ETH E-Collection

Jun 2009 - ...EARTH 'S CRUST OCEAN CRUST CONTINENTAL CRUST...OF THE EARTH 'S CRUST
EARTH TEMPERATURE DEPTH DEPENDENCE...overlying oceanic crust , and subduction...seismic
velocities increase at this boundary...EARTH 'S CRUST OCEAN CRUST CONTINENTAL...
http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/list/?cat=quick_filter&sort_by=score&key-1=T_Keywords_EN&w1
=EARTH+CRUST
80%
425. September/October 2009 GSA Bulletin highlights
-s2g073109.php&charset=iso-8859-1&qt=+increase++temperature++deep++ocean++
80%
426. Subductive waste disposal method

Patent #: 5022788
ND+crust&p=2
80%
427. The Eclogite Metamorphic Transformation and its Role in Early ...
material of basaltic composition like ocean crust, where it demonstrably generates a ... lithosphere,
the temperature in the deep lower crust can fall to well ...
http://brysonburke.com/eclogite_west-l.pdf
80%
428. Three dimensional magnetic mapping process and apparatus with data filtering using
an inverse computation
Patent #: 5543714
ND+crust&p=1
80%
429. Tools & Resources: Geology Glossary - CliffsNotes

aa flow a lava flow that develops a partially solidified surface as it moves forward, ... fault on the
ocean floor that separates crustal plates and generates new ocean crust. ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oG79GNY0FMxQgAhQyEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybnZlZnRlBHNlYwNzcgR
wb3MDMQRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=13fohtcgk/EXP=1279440141/**http://www.cliffsnotes.c
om/WileyCDA/Section/Geology-Glossary.id-305499,articleId-60081.html
80%
430. Unit Four Energy in Earth's System

Temperature decreases as altitude increases because there in an increase ... Oceanic crust colliding
with oceanic crust. Deep ocean trench is formed when one is ...
http://isite.lps.org/mgeist/N-GE-U4.pdf
80%
431. Variations in Oceanic Crustal Magnetization: Systematic ...

In oceanic crust older than 40 million years, however, the amplitudes of the ... from relevant Deep
Sea Drilling Project and Ocean Drilling Program ...
http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/1993/92JB01322.shtml
80%
432. Voyager Uranus Science Summary

Voyager Uranus Science Summary Looking for a Home Business? Try this! Contents | What's New |
Image Index | Copyright | Puzzles | ScienceViews | S
http://www.solarviews.com/eng/vgrur.htm
80%
433. what is a hydrothermal vent What is... What is

The water emerges from a hydrothermal vent at temperatures ranging up to 400Ã‚Â°C, compared
to a typical 2Ã‚Â°C for the surrounding deep ocean water. Water at a depth of 3, 000 m and a
temperature of 407Ã‚Â°C becomes supercritical.
http://whatis.panload.com/page/10865-what-is-a-hydrothermal-vent
80%
434. [PDF] Amundsen Sea Embayment Project (ASEP) Science and Implementation Plan
The catchment basins are deep, approaching 2000 meters below sea level in ..... temperature and
melting are likely to increase the ocean stratification ..... of the Earth's crust in the bedrock
surrounding and underlying the ice sheet. ...
http://neptune.gsfc.nasa.gov/wais/links/ASEP-final.pdf
79%
435. AGU Journal highlights - 23 March 2005
79%
436. April 2009 Geology and GSA Today media highlights
-a2g033109.php&charset=iso-8859-1&qt=+increase++temperature++deep++ocean++
79%
437. AquaNews - Vancouver Aquarium Marine Science Centre

Surrounded by the virtual abyss of the deep ocean, these hot vents are an oasis of life. ... such as
an increase in water temperature, certain chemical markers, ...
http://www.vanaqua.org/aquanews/features/hotvents.html
79%
438. August Geology and GSA Today media highlights
79%
439. Carbon capture and storage - encyclopedia article - Citizendium

Storage of the CO2 is envisaged either in deep geological formations, in deep ocean masses, or in
the form of mineral carbonates. Even though life appears to be rather sparse in the deep ocean
basins, energy and chemical effects in these deep basins could
http://locke.citizendium.org/wiki/Carbon_capture_and_storage
79%
440. Cold Facts on Global Warming

Of course, this 33 degree increase in temperature is not caused simply by ... ocean surface caused
by the small increases in ocean temperature that ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0geupyOY0FMd7YAgRmEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTByMTNuNTZzBHNlYwNzcg
Rwb3MDMgRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=11ioq7par/EXP=1279440142/**http://brneurosci.org/c
o2.html
79%
441. Earth Sciences 8 - Earth Catastrophes - Lecture 17

As the ocean crust and lithosphere increase in age (in the perpendicular direction to the ridge) the
rock ... So, how do we know about the deep structure of mid-ocean ridges? ...
http://www.ic.ucsc.edu/~tlay/eart80a/Lectures/lecture16.html
79%
442. Edge: AN ECO-EVOLUTIONARY DANCE THROUGH DEEP TIME

Aug 2008 - ...evolutionary dance through deep time". Sampson, the host...EVOLUTIONARY DANCE
THROUGH DEEP TIME (SCOTT SAMPSON): Like...perhaps for controlling body temperature, or for
use in display. The point is...functioned in control of body temperature,
http://www.edge.org/3rd_culture/sampson04/sampson04_index.html
79%
443. Exploring for subsurface hydrocarbons by sea floor temperature gradients preferably
using a multiplexed thermistor probe
Patent #: 4676664
ND+crust&p=2
79%
444. FACULTY PUBLICATIONS

Regulation of heart rate is highly sensitive to ambient temperature (Ta) changes, with decreases in
environmental temperatures correlating to tachycardia. We hypothesize that cold-induced increases
To test this hypothesis, we telemetrically measured the he
http://www.williams.edu/go/sciencecenter/center/RS05html/Repsci2005-FACULTY.html
79%
445. February Geology and GSA Today media highlights
-fga012208.php&charset=iso-8859-1&qt=+increase++temperature++deep++ocean++c
79%
446. Geol 1305 Test I Fall 2003 Maddox

deep mantle material; asthenosphere; 11 ... temperature increases, but pressure stays nearly the
... The age of oceanic crust _____ with increasing distance from a mid-ocean ridge.
http://sites.actx.edu/~maddox_dw/geol1305_test1.htm
79%
447. Geologists Discover New Class of Spreading Ridge on Sea Bottom

Scientists have discovered a new "ultra-slow" class of ocean ridge involved in seafloor spreading.
Investigations in the remote regions of the planet found that for ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0geupqVY0FM9KkANfSEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTByMTNuNTZzBHNlYwNzcg
Rwb3MDMgRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=121qnb5cr/EXP=1279440149/**http://www.newswise.
com/articles/view/502124/
79%

Density in the ocean is determined by salinity and temperature ... ocean waters colored by the
dramatic increase of dinoflagellates that cause fish ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oGdLmSY0FMH_EAzSiEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTByZWgwN285BHNlYwNzcg
Rwb3MDMQRjb2xvA3NrMQR2dGlkAw--/SIG=1257dqvkb/EXP=1279440146/**http://oceanworld.ta
mu.edu/resources/glossary.htm
79%
449. Hydrothermal vents - Phy229Wiki

The emerging water that is ejected from a hydrothermal vent has a temperature between
300-400°C. The surrounding deep ocean water has typical temperatures Water at a depth of 3,
000m and a temperature of 407°C becomes supercritical, but the increase in s
http://www.phy229.group.shef.ac.uk/wiki/index.php/Hydrothermal_vents
79%
450. In the Beginning: Compelling Evidence for Creation and the Flood ...
Continental crust has been discovered under ... much of this methane combined with cold, deep
ocean ... Temperatures drop as elevation increases. For example, for every mile one climbs ...
http://www.creationscience.com/onlinebook/HydroplateOverview7.html
79%
451. Influence of the Arctic on global climate - Encyclopedia of Earth

Deep convection in the northwest Atlantic Ocean is a crucial part of the global thermohaline
circulation. ... A large increase (0.25 ºC) in deepwater temperature occurred in the ...
http://www.eoearth.org/article/Influence_of_the_Arctic_on_global_climate
79%

Continental crust varies in thickness from 20 to 60 km. Ocean crust varies in thickness from 5 to 10
km. ... deep mantle by convection, so the temperature does not increase very ...
http://www.efn.org/~agrush/introgeo/Lect_10.html
79%
453. IODP Borehole Observatory Installations at Expedition 306 Reconstruct ...

... Greenland Sea Deep Water and Arctic Ocean Deep ... complete time series from the deep ocean
(Gammelsrød et al., 1992). Temperature data ... show a minimum of -0.89°C in 1983 increasing ...
http://mgg.coas.oregonstate.edu/~rob/28_Harris_etal_SD06.pdf
79%

... complete sections of the ocean crust as a priority and note that the deep ... at midlevels of the
crust. As such, high basement temperatures, which ... flow, there is a sharp increase in ...
79%
455. Items where Division is "Faculty of Engineering, Science and Mathematics School of
Ocean & Earth Science (SOC/SOES)" and Year ..
May 2010 - ...in oceanic crust. Geology 31...upper oceanic crust formed at a fast...using high
temperature catalytic...southern UK. Ocean Dynamics 53...circumpolar deep
water-borne...Photoperiod and temperature regulation...Central Pacific Ocean. Geochimic
http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/view/divisions/uos-hn/2003.html
79%
456. January Geology and GSA Today media highlights
79%
457. January GEOLOGY and GSA TODAY media highlights
-gr0122302.php&charset=iso-8859-1&qt=+increase++temperature++deep++ocean++c
79%
458. July GEOLOGY and GSA TODAY media highlights
-gr0062703.php&charset=iso-8859-1&qt=+increase++temperature++deep++ocean++c
79%
459. Lecture 10: Earth! - The Home Planet

Both temperature and pressure increase with depth in the Earth. ... The ocean crust thickens and
cools and finally sinks under its own weight back into the Mantle along zones ...
http://web.ics.purdue.edu/~nowack/geos105/lect10-dir/lecture10.htm
79%
460. May-June GSA Bulletin media highlights
-mgb042105.php&charset=iso-8859-1&qt=+increase++temperature++deep++ocean++
79%
461. Media advisory 4 - AGU Fall Meeting: Complete press conference schedule
ma4120103.php&charset=iso-8859-1&qt=+increase++temperature++deep++ocean++
79%
462. Method for recycling energy in counterflow heat exchange and distillation
Patent #: 4769113
ND+crust&p=2
79%
463. Method for recyclying energy in counterflow heat exchange and distillation
Patent #: 4671856
ND+crust&p=2
79%
464. Misconception List

Mar 6, 2009 ... (also does not include deep time or evolution as there are lots of web ... Oceans are
responsible for oceanic crust (rather than being closer to ... Most magma forms as rock melts due
to an increase in temperature (in ...
http://serc.carleton.edu/NAGTWorkshops/intro/misconception_list.html
79%
465. NASA Quest > Astrobiology

The crust of Mars has a different chemical composition than deeper parts of the ... Persistent
genetic mutations can increase the likelihood of developing cancer. ... The average temperature on
Mars is -81ºF. The record high it 68ºF and ... to that on the
http://quest.nasa.gov/projects/astrobiology/astroventure/challenge/designs/villa.html
79%
466. NOAA Ocean Explorer: New Zealand American Submarine Ring of ...
While this increase is overwhelmingly caused by human activities such as the ... new ocean crust
by sea-floor spreading at mid-ocean ridges transfers ...
http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/07fire/background/volcanic_co2/volcanic_co2.html
79%
467. Nominally Anhydrous Minerals and Earth’s Deep Water Cycle Joseph R....
Sep 2008 - ...and all low temperature geochemical...Earth’s Deep Water cycle...hydrated ocean
crust and lithospheric...also in the deep mantle and...999]? Has ocean volume...than does
temperature within the...possibility of a deep water cycle...amount of
http://www.earth.northwestern.edu/research/jacobsen/pdfs/Smyth&Jacobsen2006-EDWC-AGUMon
168.pdf
79%
468. Nuclear waste disposal system

Patent #: 4320028
ND+crust&p=2
79%
469. Ocean | Science and Technology News, Stories | Discover Magazine ...
Wind Turbine That Imitates Flippers Could Increase ... At Mothra Field, more than a mile
underwater, temperatures ... Most animals in the deep ocean have some kind of ...
http://discovermagazine.com/topics/environment/ocean
79%
470. Ocean 11
including water temperature and depth, seafloor topography, and the plankton ... floating, and
crawling in the deep oceans and as yet unseen by human eyes. ...
http://www.courseworld.com/ocean/examen/download/overviewv.pdf
79%
471. Ocean geochemistry

Ocean geochemistry Ocean geochemistry An ocean parentage It is known, that almost three
quarters of a surface are coated by ocean waters.
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0geupyOY0FMd7YAgBmEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybnZlZnRlBHNlYwNzcgR
wb3MDMQRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=12bb8ipoq/EXP=1279440142/**http://the-geologist.info
/articles/5-ocean-geochemistry
79%
472. OceanLink
Increasing temperature provides additional energy to the atoms and ... three distinct provinces:
continental margins, deep ocean ... Continental crust is mainly composed of granite, a ...
http://science.jbpub.com/oceanlink/chapter_outlines.cfm?chapter=2&step=2
79%
473. Pelagic zone - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Pelagic life decreases with increasing depth. It is affected by light ... (a holdover from the times
when the deep ocean was believed to be bottomless) ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0geulSRY0FMd4QATHOEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybnZlZnRlBHNlYwNzcgR
wb3MDMQRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=11tieq8ks/EXP=1279440145/**http://en.wikipedia.org/
wiki/Pelagic_zone
79%
474. Process for stabilizing silica-rich geothermal brine to prevent silica scaling
Patent #: 4405463
ND+crust&p=2
79%
475. Sea level, Temperature and Ocean circulation, Past and Future: a ...
The ridge’s temperature generally increases with depth. despite the seeming improbability ...
uwnews.org | Methane deep in ocean crust could feed chemical-hungry
http://www.kondung.com/thin-ridge-fluid-temperature.html
79%
476. SEACOOS Glossary of Acronyms and Marine Science

Pertaining to a dark colored volcanic rock characteristic of the ocean crust. ... increase in the
downward slope of the seafloor that continues to the deep ocean floor. ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0geupqVY0FM9KkAM_SEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybjIxbDhlBHNlYwNzcgRw
b3MDMARjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=11jvitilm/EXP=1279440149/**http://www.seacoos.org/glo
ssary
79%
477. Tags « NASA Astrobiology

Jun 21, 2010 ... Increased H2S in the Deep Ocean - Bad News for Life? ... destruction of the ozone
shield and an increase in atmospheric methane, ...
http://astrobiology.nasa.gov/tags/methane/
79%
478. Temperature resistance studies on the deep-sea vent shrimp Mirocaris fortunata -
Shillito et al. 209 (5): 945 - Journal of ...
Mar 2009 - ...difficulties in probing temperature accurately in situ...tolerance tests in vivo on
deep-sea creatures are difficult...experimental aspects of deep-sea vent biology have...testing of
the influence of temperature on the distribution of...are f
http://jeb.biologists.org/cgi/content/full/209/5/945
79%
479. The Fountains of Noah's Flood and the Windows of Heaven

The geophysics of Noah's flood. A model of the Biblical fountains of the deep and windows of
heaven and how this synergistic process produced a flood which could ...
http://www.kjvbible.org/geysers.html
79%
480. The Permian-Triassic Boundary

Like the cherts on the Marin Headlands, they reveal that the deep ocean in Late Permian times was
well-oxygenated, because the red color comes from hematite: like rust, an oxide of iron. The
composition of these rocks confirms that they indeed represent de
http://www.dcn.davis.ca.us/Go/dorritie/P-T boundary.html
79%
481. Untitled Document [jaeger.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au]

The ocean lithosphere. The age of the oceanic crust, as reflected in the magnetic striping of the
ocean floor, increases with distance ... in our case the temperature of the deep ...
http://jaeger.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/msandifo/Publications/Geodynamics/html/gd_07.html
79%
482. What is the Deepest Hole Ever Drilled?
Brief and Straightforward Guide: What is the Deepest Hole Ever Drilled? ... was 7.6 miles deep, it
only penetrated a third of the Baltic continental crust. ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0geupqVY0FM9KkANPSEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybnZlZnRlBHNlYwNzcgR
wb3MDMQRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=12lbuppv6/EXP=1279440149/**http://www.wisegeek.co
m/what-is-the-deepest-hole-ever-drilled.htm
79%
483. Wikipedia:Mid-ocean ridge - Global Warming Art

... depth progressively increases; the greatest depths are in ocean trenches. As the oceanic crust
moves ... are generally submerged deep in the ocean ... Past Temperatures; Carbon Dioxide; Other
...
http://www.globalwarmingart.com/wiki/Wikipedia:Mid-ocean_ridge
79%
484. 91.06.05: The Great Continental Drift Mystery

Remembering that species begin to differ when separated and appear most alike when able to
spread freely over a range; and that barriers to ocean life include land masses, deep ocean water,
and cold temperatures Most of the metamorphosed rock found there i
http://www.yale.edu./ynhti/curriculum/units/1991/6/91.06.05.x.html
78%
485. AGU Fall Meeting 2007 Abstracts

... the across-axis permeability and temperature ... Pacific Rise (EPR) observed at Hess Deep. In
this modern ocean setting, ~1 Ma crust ... the rate of seismic activity increases by ...
http://www.agu.org/meetings/fm07/fm07-sessions/fm07_T23B.html
78%
486. AGU Fall Meeting 2007 Abstracts

The incubators routinely record sharp and well defined temperature gradients within each of the
chambers that vary from near seawater values in the most outer chambers to end member
conditions (200°C) within the interior walls.
http://www.agu.org/meetings/fm07/fm07-sessions/fm07_V23D.html
78%
487. Alpine and Pacific styles of Phanerozoic mountain building: subduction-zone

petrogenesis of continental crust
Mar 2009 - ...widespread cherts ± deep-water carbonates...volcanics resting on old crust both
assemblages are...relatively small ocean basins that typify many...bearing phases in deep-seated
metamorphic...2 GPa, but low-temperature devolatilization...bene
http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/GG/FACULTY/conrad/classes/GG672/topic9/Petrogenesis_SubZone_T
erraNova2005.pdf
78%
488. Biological mediation in ocean crust alteration: how deep is the ...
Most studies of biological mediation of the oceanic crust alteration have .... pyrite increases with
depth, and, thus, the lower part of the ocean crust is more ... any apparent decrease in activity up
to 90°C. At higher temperatures, ...
http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0012821X99000059
78%
489. Borehole Observatory Installations on IODP Expedition 306 ...

deep ventilator of the world ocean, and it is now recognized. that deep-water production ... lack of
long-term observations of temperature and salinity ...
http://www.iodp.org/iodp_journals/6_Borehole_Observatory_SD2.pdf
78%

http://reid.citizendium.org/wiki/Carbon_capture_and_storage
78%
491. Convergent Plate Boundaries

the western Pacific ocean. Here oceanic lithosphere and crust of ... the deepest parts of the ocean
basins. They are approximately 10Km deep ... water lowers the melting temperature ...
http://www.gly.fsu.edu/~odom/1000/tectonics/cpb.html
78%
492. Deep mantle plumes and convective upwelling beneath the Pacific Ocean
May 2010 - Deep mantle plumes...the Pacific Ocean Nicholas Schmerr...underside of these
temperature and composition...that oceanic crust and lithosphere...created at mid-ocean ridges and
consumed...strong viscosity increase accompanies the 660 km deep phas
http://mcnamara.asu.edu/content/publications/pdfs/Schmerr_et_al_epsl_2010.pdf
78%
493. Define Mesozoic | Dictionary and Thesaurus

Higher levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are thought to have caused the world
temperature gradient from north to south to become almost flat: temperatures were about the
same across the planet. Average temperatures were also higher than today by a
http://mesozoic.askdefine.com/
78%
494. Earth as a System

The increase in complexity came about by an evolutionary process ... crust, ocean water and
sediments, the living cell and the hydrosphere, and the crust and the deep interior. ...
http://www.newciv.org/ISSS_Primer/asem22jm.html
78%
495. Earth Structure | tutorvista.com

The Earth's Crust Continents and ocean basins (land ... It is about 2,900 km deep ... part of the
mantle has a temperature of about 870 0 C. Mantle This temperature gradually increases ...
http://www.tutorvista.com/content/physics/physics-ii/universe/earth-structure.php
78%
496. Explain the relationship between igneous activity, magmatic ...

Destructive Ocean v Ocean Collision. Increased Temperature of geothermal gradient as the ... rise
up into the continental crust and this is where the differences ...
http://www.bws.wilts.sch.uk/Curriculum/ppts/geol_magma%20type%20and%20plate%20margin.p
pt
78%

Feb 23, 2008 ... What form does it take (radiation, temperature increase at depth .... (4) New crust
is only formed on the ocean floor, and rather .... You can rest assured, almost all of that
radioactivity occurs deep inside the Earth. ...
http://www-istp.gsfc.nasa.gov/earthmag/magnQ&A4.htm
78%
498. Faults and damage zones in fast-spread crust exposed on the ...
Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems (G3) is an electronic journal that publishes ... in fast-spread
crust exposed on the north wall of the Hess Deep Rift: Conduits and seals ...
http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/2007/2007GC001623.shtml
78%
499. First Record for the 2004 Earth Science Videotapes

Jan 22, 2004 ... This helps preserve a delicate balance in oceanic chemistry as well as relative
temperature stasis for the ... But that dynamo faded, leaving only faint traces of its magnetic past
locked in the Martian crust. .... As the ICESat satellite
http://tv.gsfc.nasa.gov/G04-002A_earth.html
78%
500. Geology Ch 11-14 study tools.

Temperature gradually increases with an increase in depth at the rate. D " Layer. Waves ... surface
extending from the shoreline toward the deep ocean basin ...
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-73321
78%
501. GeoMan's Hydrology Page - Mike Strickler

This results in the chemical disintegration of rock - the earth's crust is basically being dissolved.
Chemical weathering is also affected by temperature. Warm and humid conditions increase the
efficiency of chemical weathering processes.
http://www.jersey.uoregon.edu/~mstrick/hydrosphere/hydro_overview.html
78%
502. Halfbakery: 12 Mile Deep Hole

The atmospheric pressure increases with depth. At the ... The deep ocean temperatures are near
freezing. 7 mile deep ocean ... tell me what the temperature of the Earth's crust is ...
http://www.halfbakery.com/idea/12_20Mile_20Deep_20Hole
78%
503. IGS Tracking Network

May 13, 2010... Diurnal and Seasonal Temperature variations; Human Tampering ... Continuous
electric power; No local crustal instabilities ... Increase visibility of antenna above obstructions. ...
Design and Installation of Deep Drill Braced Monument ...
http://igscb.jpl.nasa.gov/network/monumentation.html
78%
504. Increase Pressure Deep Mine

Scribd is a way to easily put your documents online. ... Results Search: Found: Date: 1. increase
pressure deep ocean crust (All the words) 775 ... ... Same thing as going deep in the ocean, except
you are going deep in air, so the pressure does not go up
http://www.scribd.com/doc/34330586/Increase-Pressure-Deep-Mine
78%
505. Last Name (print)_First Name_Bar code # (last 5 digits...

b) shallow to deep earthquakes, andesitic volcanism, older crust, thick sediment ... the temperature
at which glaciers begin to flow to the ocean. b) the ...
http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/oceanography/courses_html/OCN201/exams/S2004E1.pdf
78%
506. Lighthouse Foundation: The oceans and the climate

Although temperatures over Antarctic ice can register as low as ... cryosphere (ice and snow), the
lithosphere (rock crust ... Deep ocean currents. Curious Coriolis. Stiff breezes and cold ...
http://www.lighthouse-foundation.org/index.php?id=29&L=1
78%
507. Microsoft Word - KingsnorthStatement.081029.doc

Oct 2008 - ...of carbonate- rich ocean crust beneath moving continental...year) through the Tethys
Ocean and in the process subducting carbonate-rich ocean crust, causing atmospheric CO2 to
increase. Global temperature peaked 50 My ago when...
http://www.columbia.edu/~jeh1/mailings/20080910_Kingsnorth.pdf
78%
508. Ocean crust definition of Ocean crust in the Free Online Encyclopedia.
deep-sea vent Moho Mohorovicic ... As ocean crust is pushed under another block, or subducted,
pressure increases with only modest rise in temperature, squeezing and drying the ...
http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Ocean+crust
78%
509. Ocean encyclopedia topics | Reference.com

Pressure in the ocean waters increases with increasing depth ... The deep ocean floor begins at the
seaward edge ... where molten rock is brought up from deep beneath the Earth's crust.
http://www.reference.com/browse/ocean
78%
510. Past, Present, and Future Temperatures: the Hockeystick FAQ | Union ...
... temperature records, while boreholes (holes drilled deep into Earth's crust) can show
temperature ... Large-scale increases in ocean temperatures have been detected over the past 45
...
http://www.ucsusa.org/global_warming/science/hockeystickFAQ.html
78%
511. Plasma Bubble

http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oGdGCXY0FMoWsBEVmEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTByZ3RtN3J1BHNlYwNzcg
Rwb3MDMgRjb2xvA3NrMQR2dGlkAw--/SIG=124jmb39j/EXP=1279440151/**http://www.scribd.co
m/doc/33942626/Plasma-Bubble
78%
512. Principles of Geology

He identified rises, such as the East Pacific Rise, and the Mid-Atlantic ridge, as spreading centres,
where Arthur Holmes's convection currents rose to make new ocean crust. It had long been
obvious that the trenches were areas in which the ocean floor was
http://mysite.du.edu/~jcalvert/geol/holmes.htm
78%
513. Reference for Hydrothermal vent - Search.com

The water emerges from a hydrothermal vent at temperatures ranging up to 400°C, compared to a
typical 2°C for the surrounding deep ocean water. Water at a depth of 3, 000 m and a temperature
of 407°C becomes supercritical.
http://www.search.com/reference/Hydrothermal_vent
78%
514. Restless Ocean

These waters move around the ocean basins by density driven forces and gravity. ... These deep
waters sink into the deep ocean basins at high latitudes where the ...
http://www1.fccj.org/pacrews/restless_ocean2.htm
78%
515. Reuters AlertNet - Deep-sea volcanoes play key climate role ...
Source: Reuters * Study shows importance of deep-sea volcanoes in CO2 capture * Iron-rich
waters from volcanoes crucial to global climate * Iron helps tiny CO2 ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oG76qeY0FMa4UArTeEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybnZlZnRlBHNlYwNzcgRw
b3MDMQRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=12ao00v7c/EXP=1279440158/**http://www.alertnet.org/t
henews/newsdesk/SGE62E03D.htm
78%
516. Some Good Global Warming - Earth's Crust Heat Keeps Us Elevated
Elevation increases in a given area could provide notice – tens of millions of ... ridges, so it is easy
for scientists to observe how elevations vary with ocean crust temperature.
http://www.scientificblogging.com/news/some_good_global_warming_earths_crust_heat_keeps_us
_elevated
78%
517. Terra-forming questions? 1) what are the basic points that we ...
... thing that you'd need to do is establish a magnetosphere (magnetic field). Without that, all
surface life (and even fairly deep life, on the orders ...
http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20091201213122AAcMBgN
78%
518. VERSION D
there is a subduction zone to the northwest drawing the ocean crust downward ... d. the Great
Lakes will increase in size due to greater impoundment of water. ...
http://faculty.washington.edu/tswanson/ESS/Midterm-Final.pdf
78%
519. what happens to the temperature and pressure in the layers as ...
Temperature and pressure increase with the increase in depth through the layers. The Earth is
made of many different and distinct layers. ...
http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090127195802AAhsrSw
78%
520. What Is The Earth's Crust Temperature?

As depth of the earth crust increases, the temperature of earth ... Celsius (depending on how
deep) What Is The Temperature Of Earths Crust? ... Arctic Ocean is the smallest ocean in ...
http://www.blurtit.com/q968571.html
78%
521. -
... the expected further increase in temperature with increasing depth, drilling to , ... the deep crust
and the transition from upper to lower crust; lithospheric ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0geuvGoY0FMmnQAaBSEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybjIxbDhlBHNlYwNzcgR
wb3MDMARjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=14r9thj83/EXP=1279440168/**http://gu.wikipedia.org/w
iki/%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%B2%E0%AA%BE_%E0%AA%B9%E0%AB%8B%E0%A
A%B2
77%
522. [DOC]Oceanography Content Knowledge

Oceanic crust at A is what relative age compared to location B? ... Surface temperatures at D would
be higher only during the winter. .... Global warming will increase sea-level by which two
processes? .... Cores of deep sea sediment can be very useful in
http://virginiaearthscience.info/data_collection/Instruments/Oceanography/Pre-Post%20Oceanogra
phy.doc
77%
523. [PDF] Report on Autonomous Systems In Extreme Environments Workshop

systems is expected to increase. Examples of programs that currently use .... The deep ocean
possesses a relatively stable temperature environment typically ...
http://geodynamics.jpl.nasa.gov/antarctica/ASEE_Report_Final.pdf
77%
524. [PDF]Microorganisms Isolated from Deep Sea Low-temperature ...

temperature, rock and sediment sampling sites were increased while the pH was lowered. ..... the
deep ocean crust. This might indicate that strains isolated ...
http://www.informaworld.com/index/911586886.pdf
77%
525. [PDF]The OCEAN DRILLING PROGRAM: UNDERSTANDING THE EARTH BENEATH ...
that oceanic basement increased in age with distance from the mid-ocean ridge, ... by a break
down of the hydrate, caused by increasing temperature with depth. ... holes in the deep ocean
crust. Sensor strings will hang off a recording ...
http://www.law.gmu.edu/nctl/stpp/us_korea_pubs/ocean_falvey.pdf
77%
526. A LEGACY SITE IN JURASSIC CRUST

Sampling deep ocean basin ... 10°–30° increase in ... Jurassic Pacific crust. These valuable samples
record mid-ocean-ridge processes, mantle composition, and mantle temperature ...
http://www-odp.tamu.edu/publications/185_SR/synth/synth_3.htm
77%
527. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

That deep drilling of the ocean crust is imperative to answer ... to be relatively thin, thus increasing
... significantly older than the crust at Hole 504B (6.9 Ma), and lower temperatures ...
http://www-odp.tamu.edu/publications/206_IR/chap_03/c3_2.htm
77%
528. Cassini Equinox Mission: Titan and Earth's Future Atmospheres ...
Aug 27, 2009 ... The increase in the sun's luminosity makes it almost unavoidable that within the
next ... the tropopause temperature will be elevated to the point that loss from the Earth's oceans
by evaporation and then sunlight will break ... deposits f
http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/news/cassiniscienceleague/science20090827/
77%
529. chapter 26
EARTH'S OCEAN AND THE FORMATION OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM [483] The problems of the origin
and ... and where crystallizing grains at comparatively low temperature are ...
http://history.nasa.gov/SP-345/ch26.htm
77%
530. CHAPTER 30 THE OCEANS

that of the Earth's crust, where temperature increases with ... term deep may be used for a very
deep part of the ocean, generally that part deeper than ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oG77ehY0FMN1cALQ.EzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTByMTNuNTZzBHNlYwNzcg
Rwb3MDMgRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=12r5aek0g/EXP=1279440161/**http://www.nga.mil/M
SISiteContent/StaticFiles/NAV_PUBS/APN/Chapt-31.pdf
77%
531. Chapter 8: Introduction to Eolian Landforms _ GES DISC: Goddard ...

Sep 9, 2009 ... These deserts are affected by cold ocean currents parallel to ... to temperature
variations between continents and oceans. .... Their water levels fluctuate and may dry up, leaving
a salt crust or claypan. ... Glennie (1970) discusses a cir
http://disc.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/geomorphology/GEO_8/GEO_CHAPTER_8.shtml
77%
532. Climate Change News:

... deep ocean behaved in the same way, this could help to explain how ... This would then cause a
sudden temperature increase that would make the ice sheets melt leading to rising ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oG77ehY0FMN1cALA.EzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybnZlZnRlBHNlYwNzcgRw
b3MDMQRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=11s442pt7/EXP=1279440161/**http://www.enn.com/clim
ate/article/41374
77%
533. COOLING OF THE OCEANIC LITHOSPHERE AND OCEAN FLOOR TOPOGRAPHY

... deficit occurs because cold seawater circulates deep into the crust and advects the heat so the
temperature ... constant pressure at constant depth z l) , ocean depth must increase to ...
http://topex.ucsd.edu/geodynamics/07cooling.pdf
77%
534. crust 2003: Movie and film review from Answers.com

Due to increasing temperature and pressure with depth, the metamorphic grade of rocks increases
with depth, and the rocks within the deep continental crust ... that the ocean crust ...
http://www.answers.com/topic/crust
77%
535. Deep subduction of the Indian continental crust beneath Asia

Deep subduction of the Indian continental crust beneath Asia ... A major increase in maximum
ocean wave heights off the ... depths and depress Earth's temperature ...
http://www.brightsurf.com/news/headlines/55813/Deep_subduction_of_the_Indian_continental_cr
ust_beneath_Asia.html
77%
536. DETAILED SCIENTIFIC OBJECTIVES

A third problem concerns the magnitude and origin of warmth of intermediate and deep waters in
the Cretaceous oceans. A simpler way to explain the warm Cretaceous temperatures Hart, 1980;
Caron and Homewood, 1983; Leckie, 1987), but these hypotheses have n
http://www-odp.tamu.edu./publications/207_IR/chap_01/c1_3.htm
77%
537. doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00545-4
Oct 2005 - ...lithospheric heat from the crust to an average age of...temperatures in Cretaceous
crust. Utilizing these temperature estimates, heat flow...hydrothermal fluxes into the deep ocean as
a function of plate...Porosities of upper oceanic crust ca
http://www.personal.kent.edu/~dwitter/ess/f2005/heatflux.pdf
77%
538. Earth Sciences 1 - Sample Exam #1

... ocean crust? _ 9. You are on a ship somewhere in the Indian Ocean, ... A. increasing
temperature. B. increasing salinity. C. increasing pressure. D. none of the above ...
http://ic.ucsc.edu/~jzachos/eart1/Exams/midterm.html
77%
539. Earth: Inside and Out

abyssal ocean The deep ocean that lies in water ... has the same properties of humidity,
temperature ... The boundary between the crust and mantle marked by abrupt increases in seismic
...
http://www.amnh.org/education/resources/rfl/web/essaybooks/earth/glossary.html
77%
540. Evolution and Differentiation of the Continental Crust

... growth of the continental crust in an episodic manner, but with a major increase in the ... or
contamination by the deep mafic lower crust (Chapter ... orogenesis involves a period of ocean ...
http://assets.cambridge.org/052178/2376/excerpt/0521782376_excerpt.htm
77%
541. Evolution of photosynthesis and the mantle as a biological ...

The deep ocean was suboxic by 1.85 billion years ago, following the mass ... Kimberlites carry
biosignatures including secular increase in the U/Th ratio in ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oGdG6kY0FM4XkBQe.EzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTByZ3RtN3J1BHNlYwNzcgR
wb3MDMgRjb2xvA3NrMQR2dGlkAw--/SIG=142kdkga0/EXP=1279440164/**http://www.geology.ut
oronto.ca/events_folder/evolution-of-photosynthesis-and-the-mantle-as-a-biological-record
77%
542. Fujita Research: Earthquake Prediction Report

Article that proposes alternative methods for predicting earthquakes: water level changes,
increases in concentrations of Radon gas in deep wells, low frequency ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0geuvGoY0FMmnQAahSEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTByMTNuNTZzBHNlYwNzcg
Rwb3MDMgRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=12a11enp6/EXP=1279440168/**http://www.fujitaresea
rch.com/reports/earthquakes.html
77%
543. Further reading - New Scientist

SEDIMENT is accumulating on the deep ocean floor all the time, in a modest and slow way. ...
ocean floor and the continental crust collide, the denser ocean crust ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oGdG6kY0FM4XkBQO.EzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTByZWgwN285BHNlYwNzcg
Rwb3MDMQRjb2xvA3NrMQR2dGlkAw--/SIG=12dgoc98i/EXP=1279440164/**http://www.science.or
g.au/nova/newscientist/027ns_001.htm
77%
544. GEOLOGIC STRUCTURE OF THE UPPERMOST OCEANIC CRUST CREATED AT ...

2002b, Naidoo 1998), and the north wall of the Hess Deep Rift (HDR) in the ..... The pervasiveness
and temperature of hydrothermal metamorphism is also highly ..... Increased fracture porosity in
the upper oceanic crust is also of ...
http://arjournals.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.earth.30.091201.141132
77%
545. GLOBAL NATURAL CYCLES

The principle reservoirs are the atmosphere, ocean and crust. Each reservoir has a characteristic
rate of ... rates typically double with a 10 C increase in temperature. ...
http://www.serc.si.edu/labs/biogeochem/publications/Megonigal%20EOLSS%20(2003)_files/search
.html
77%
546. Gravity Control Idealism: The Expanding Planet

Therefore gravity does not increase to the core, but increases isometrically ... also affects an
increase in the temperature of the crust, with the greatest ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0geuvGoY0FMmnQAaRSEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybnZlZnRlBHNlYwNzcgR
wb3MDMQRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=12ns2d6al/EXP=1279440168/**http://gravityc-idealism.
blogspot.com/2006/08/expanding-planet.html
77%
547. HYPOTHESES FOR THE ORIGIN OF THE OCEAN/CONTINENT TRANSITION ...

... that the ocean/continent transition was formed by tectonic and magmatic disruption of
continental crust. ... sources and by a similar sequence of pressure-temperature conditions. ...
http://www-odp.tamu.edu/publications/149_SR/chap_47/c47_6.htm
77%
548. HYPOTHESES FOR THE ORIGIN OF THE OCEAN/CONTINENT TRANSITION ...

... most commonly as middle to lower oceanic crust at mid- ocean ridges. ... crust type boundary
and would be a natural place to argue for an increase in ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oG77imY0FM0HwBwC.EzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybnZlZnRlBHNlYwNzcgR
wb3MDMQRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=12hli9p90/EXP=1279440166/**http://www-odp.tamu.ed
u/publications/149_SR/chap_47/c47_6.htm
77%
549. Inside the volcano

... the melting is seawater being released from the ocean crust" in this deep, hot part of the ... in
pores in the rock under fantastic pressure and temperature (about ...
http://www.geology.wisc.edu/courses/g115/volcano/main2.html
77%
550. Introduction to Physical Oceanography

The atmosphere and the ocean are both fluids in turbulent motion and follow the ... oceans are
structured into continental margins, mid- ocean ridges and deep sea ...
http://www.es.flinders.edu.au/~mattom/IntroOc/lecture01.html
77%
551. Introduction to the Deep Sea Environment

It is possible to date the ocean crust as the plates move apart and spread .... As pressure increases
and temperature decreases calcium carbonate becomes ...
http://www.articlesbase.com/science-articles/introduction-to-the-deep-sea-environment-1551180.h
tml
77%

Values for the shallow and deep ... are evident, as is the temperature increase ... seismic properties
of upper ocean crust
http://iodp.ldeo.columbia.edu/LOG_SUM/309_312/index.html
77%
553. Iron and sulfide oxidation within the basaltic ocean crust: implications for
chemolithoautotrophic microbial biomass...
Bach, W. / Edwards, K.J.,Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,67(20),p.3871-3887,Oct 2003 -
...upper basaltic ocean crust suggest that Fe...500 +/- 200 m) crust and average initial...organic
matter in deep-seated heterotrophic...microorganisms in the crust, let
rill=yes&md5=f3a0ee26fc24f88cdaf98404105c2862
77%
554. Karner's personal lecture notes for all lectures are posted here
Earth's ocean crust gets recycled; continental crust is too light to ... 2) increase temperature. 3)
Add water (lowers melting temperature- allows ions to mobilize ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oG77imY0FM0HwBvy.EzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybjIxbDhlBHNlYwNzcgRw
b3MDMARjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=12t30611q/EXP=1279440166/**http://www.sonoma.edu/
users/k/karner/F09.110.web/F09.110.lecturenotes.htm
77%
555. Long-term Observation and Research Plan

... themes (thermal circulation, material cycle, marine ecosystems and ocean crust ... sea surface to
the ocean deep, and between the ocean (which has a heat capacity ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oGdG6kY0FM4XkBP..EzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybjBnOXNnBHNlYwNzcgR
wb3MDMARjb2xvA3NrMQR2dGlkAw--/SIG=12gi12348/EXP=1279440164/**http://www.jamstec.go.
jp/jamstec-j/PR/9807/MIRAI/Plan-e.html
77%
556. Mar-Eco - List of all backgrounders

Learn more about deep sea life, the mid-Atlantic ridge and marine ... of 150 and can switch of its
colour and become white! Weird and wonderful deep sea fish ...
http://www.mar-eco.no/learning-zone/backgrounders/list_of_all_backgrounders
77%
557. Ocean current - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Deep waters sink into the deep ocean basins at high latitudes where the temperatures are cold
enough to cause the density to increase. ... Oceanic crust · Outer trench swell ...
http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Ocean_current
77%
558. Oceans Papers 1970-2000.xls

Aug 2009 - ...viewing 1970 September 85 Deep submergence photographic...measurements of sea
surface temperature 1970 September 96 The measurement of sea surface temperature with an
infrared radiometer...missile scoring system for deep and remote ocean site
http://www.mtsociety.org/pdf/publications/oceanspapers1970-2000.pdf
77%
559. Official Website of Wayne High School

Near Earth's surface - low pressure and temperature 3. Deep in the Earth - high pressure and
temperature 4. Metals increase within the silicates as they form in deeper regions d. Bowen's
reaction series - groups based upon composition and tetrahedron arran
http://whs.wayn.k12.wv.us/DyerNotes02.htm
77%
560. Oral Presentation Index

Iwasaki, Sin-Iti Ocean Bottom Cable System for Tsunami Monitoring in Deep Ocean (397) Johnson,
John Deep Ocean Exchanges with the Shelf (DOES) (051) Gerkema, Theo Non-traditional'
internal-wave propagation in the deep ocean (143) Abd-Elmotaal, Hussein Resp
http://iapso.sweweb.net/abstracts05/oral_index.html
77%
561. Science Investigations - RESEARCH - NASA Ames Research Center ...

Apr 5, 2010 ... For example, increasing temperature increasingly favors disorder (destruction .....
complexes _ slabs of oceanic crust thrust onto dry land. ...
http://amesteam.arc.nasa.gov/Research/mineralogic_science.html
77%
562. Subduction Zones

... therefore temperature ... of ocean crust at deep ocean ... young ocean crust at the midocean
ridge. As the subducting ocean crust sinks deeper into the mantle, the pressure increases
http://myweb.cwpost.liu.edu/vdivener/notes/subd_zone.htm
77%
563. Terrestrial Ecoregions - Southern Indian Ocean Islands tundra (AN1104)

Dec 2008 - ...the West Indian Ocean Ridge. These two...with a mean annual temperature variation
of about...draining into the ocean through the ground (Hänel...bisected by the 2km deep Indivat
basin...thinning of the crust (Recq et al.1998...with an annual
http://www.worldwildlife.org/wildworld/profiles/terrestrial/an/an1104_full.html
77%
564. What do u know about structure of earth? - Yahoo! Answers India

As there is intense and increasing pressure as ... silicate rocks and underlie the ocean basins. The
thicker crust is ... which has been observed from deep parts of the oceanic crust that ...
http://in.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080111224337AAy6PER
77%
565. WHOI : Oceanus : Realizing the Dreams of da Vinci and Verne

Geophysicists mapped striking seafloor features, ranging from deep trenches to the mid-ocean
ridge system—the globe-encircling underwater volcanic mountain chain where the ocean crust is
born. A diverse fleet of innovative deep-submergence vehicles heralds
http://vishnu.whoi.edu/services/communications/oceanusmag.050826/v42n2/fornari.html
77%
566. [DOC]"SEEING" THE BOTTOM OF THE OCEAN

Major tectonic plates that compose Earth's crust and the location of active volcanic belts. .... Figure
I contains profiles of ocean temperature and salinity .... The circulation of the deep ocean is driven
by the increase in density of ...
http://204.38.191.104/robinson/sof.doc
76%
567. [MS WORD] Annual Science Report

(2) Exchange between crustal and mantle CO2 reservoirs is being explored in a model that includes
the carbonization of ocean basalt as a CO2 sink. ...
http://nai.arc.nasa.gov/library/downloads/Yr1NAI_Annual_Sci_Rpt_7=98-6=99.doc
76%
568. [PDF] NASA Symposium: Risk and Exploration 9.28.04, 8.30 am - 12.30 pm ...
Sep 28, 2004 ... bottom of the deep trenches where the crust of the ocean is diving under the ...
that drives climate and weather, regulates temperature, ...
http://www.risksymposium.arc.nasa.gov/docs/Transcript4.pdf
76%
569. [PDF] ww w. nasa . gov National Aeronautics and Space Administration Rob ...
maintained at an even colder temperature of 0.1 Ke l v i n . .... work, making it easier for
technologists to increase the ... the Martian crust, predominately in the southern hemisphere. .... E
a rth Network, and the Deep. Space Network. Goddard ... aeros
http://technology.gsfc.nasa.gov/newsletter/Winter_09_TT_FINAL_Low.pdf
76%
570. [PDF]1 UNIT 12 IGNEOUS ACTIVITY (Chapters 4 & 5) Study Guide ...
Today most of Earth's exposed igneous rocks are found as oceanic crust. ... Geothermal gradient:
the increase in temperature with depth into the Earth (S. ... Black smokers are deep ocean vents of
hot water and gases associated with ...
http://www.delmar.edu/nsci/geology/wkramer/physgeol/unit12/unit12_studyguide.pdf
76%
571. [PDF]Asymmetrie deep crustal structure across the Juan de Fuca Ridge
hundred degree increase in temperature over 500-600 m in gabbro could .... oceanic crust on the
Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Deep Sea Drilling Project Hole ...
http://geology.geoscienceworld.org/cgi/reprint/16/6/533.pdf
76%
572. [PDF]Mantle plumes from ancient oceanic crust

deep mantle. This separation need not be, and is ... obtain rough estimates of the temperature
increase ..... increase of the oceanic crust if the entire influx is added to the oceanic crust of
basaltic composition, produced at a rate ...
http://www.mpch-mainz.mpg.de/~geo/hofmann/Hofmann&White,_1982.pdf
76%
573. [PDF]pdf - Pressure-temperature Phase Diagram of the Earth

continental crust, oceanic crust, geotherms and atmospheric lapse rates) are .... The inhabited
fraction of liquid water may increase as deep subsurface ...
http://arxiv4.library.cornell.edu/pdf/1005.2440
76%
574. [PPT]Earth's Interior, Temperature and Pressure Gradients - ...

and some ocean islands contain mantle and deep crustal xenoliths. Minerals present and their ...
increasing h (depth), density (?) increases and g decreases ...
http://skilling.geology.pitt.edu/GEO1003/lecture2.ppt
76%
575. 1576.pdf
between the magma ocean and the solid crust will be. at a temperature within about 10 K of ...
presence relatively deep in the crust of some. unmelted chondritic ...
http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2000/pdf/1576.pdf
76%
576. 2001 NASA SBIR & STTR Abstract Archives
Reliability of bonded structures will increase as a result of this health ..... this Phase I SBIR
proposal addresses lightweight, high temperature, ...
http://sbir.nasa.gov/SBIR/abstracts/01-1.html
76%
577. Crust (geology) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The temperature increases by as much as 30°C (about 50°F) for every kilometer locally in the ...
crust is enriched in incompatible elements compared to the basaltic ocean crust and ...
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crust_(geology)
76%
578. Currents and Tides - MarineBio.org

Currents and Tides @ MarineBio.org ... Introduction History of the Ocean Ocean Chemistry Light
and Color The Ocean and Temperature Sounds of the Sea Currents and Tides ...
http://www.marinebio.org/Oceans/currents-tides.asp
76%
579. Deadly carbon dioxide. - Free Online Library

Free Online Library: Deadly carbon dioxide. (includes a related article on the deadly cloud of carbon
dioxide spewed from Cameroon's Lake Nyos in 1986 which ...
http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Deadly+carbon+dioxide.-a020297416
76%
580. Deep Biosphere

fluxes, both within the crust and between the crust and the oceans. ... ternal fluid flux and
ocean-crust chemical exchange and to determine hydrological ...
http://www.j-desc.org/modules/tinyd0/rewrite/uploads/docs/INVEST/2003_deep_bio_subseafloor_
ocean_ISP.pdf
76%
581. Deep Sea Waters, Ocean Animals, Sea News, Underwater Explorations ...
Ocean temperatures and sea level increases 50 percent higher ... Earth's Ocean-Bottom Crust.
Seafloor bacteria on ocean ... know range of Ocean waters are being contaminated. Deep sea ...
http://www.deepseawaters.com/deep_sea_articles.htm
76%
582. Dive News - Scientists Delve Into Secrets of the Ocean's ...
Dive News, Scuba News - DiveNews.Com NEWS @ DEPTH - Current & Wet events ... this is the
first time that gabbros have been recovered from intact ocean crust. ...
http://www.divenews.com/modules.php?op=modload&name=News&file=article&sid=4617&mode=
thread&order=0&thold=0
76%
583. DRAFT
3 technology systemss for monitoring ocean salinity and other properties ... Processes that increase
& decrease salinity & temperature and where they occur ...
http://courses.washington.edu/ocean200/Exams_08/Studyguide1Draft.pdf
76%
584. Earth Structure | TutorVista.com

The Earth's Crust. Continents and ocean basins (land beneath the ... It goes on increasing until it
reaches a value of about 6g/cm3 at the bottom of ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0geuuGyY0FMnZwApx2EzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybjIxbDhlBHNlYwNzcgRw
b3MDMARjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=135lmt7vn/EXP=1279440178/**http://www.tutorvista.co
m/content/physics/physics-ii/universe/earth-structure.php
76%
585. Earth, Interior Structure: World of Earth Science

Even the deepest drill holes (7.5 mi, 12 km) penetrate less than 0.2% of the ... The heavier
oceanic crust forms a relatively thin layer of 3–6 mi (5–10 km), .... to be accompanied by an abrupt
temperature increase of 1300° F (704° C). ...
http://www.enotes.com/earth-science/earth-interior-structure
76%
586. Earthquake
In subduction zones, where older and colder oceanic crust descends beneath another tectonic
plate, earthquakes may occur at much greater depths (up to seven hundred kilometers). Deep
focus earthquakes are another phenomenon associated with a subducting sla
http://loon.eu/earthquake_en.html
76%
587. Earthquake
In subduction zones, where older and colder oceanic crust descends beneath another tectonic
plate, earthquakes may occur at much greater depths (up to seven hundred kilometers). Deep
focus earthquakes are another phenomenon associated with a subducting sla
http://www.miracle.eu/earthquake_en.html
76%
588. Explore the deep ocean floor: - Marine Biology: Life in the ...
Dec 27, 2007 ... View of the first high-temperature vent (380 °C) ever seen by scientists .... of
ocean depths greatly increased in the 19th century, when deep-sea line ... New oceanic crust
forming continuously at the crest of the ...
http://www.care2.com/c2c/groups/disc.html?gpp=11767&pst=1049656
76%
589. Highest pH? :: Geochemical Society

... serpentinite brings up fragments of subducted ocean crust metamorphosed in the blueschist
facies, the first ... less soluble with increasing temperature at low pressure, their ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oG7_2uY0FMDpMAd9mEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybjIxbDhlBHNlYwNzcgR
wb3MDMARjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=133kdv3ij/EXP=1279440174/**http://www.geochemsoc.
org/publications/geochemicalnews/gn141oct09/highestph.htm
76%
590. How the oceans influence climate

Because it is a fluid, the ocean diffuses the effects of a temperature change for ... Deep-ocean flow
(and, to a lesser extent ... the resulting rise in salinity also increases ...
http://www.gdrc.org/oceans/fsheet-01.html
76%

... pressure (depth) and decreasing temperature. Because deep water in the oceans is cold, ...
region and then around Antarctica and north into the Pacific Ocean. No deep water is ...
76%
592. Katie Robinson
... does this view of the Earth crust explain why most earthquakes and most ... the ocean for
protection and to escape being killed._ Because of this life being ...
http://ags.ou.edu/~krobinson/GEOS_Midterm.htm
76%
593. Metastable garnet in oceanic crust at the top of the lower ...
106–107 yr, even at a higher temperature of 1600 K and a grain size of 1 mm. ... by ANUTECH)
was used in order to increase X-ray transmissivity. .... mantle phase transformations and deep
earthquakes in subducting oceanic lithosphere. ...
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v420/n6917/full/nature01281.html
76%
594. MICROBIOLOGY
Because the mudline temperatures were taken inside the drill string, the string appears to have
cooled to the bottom temperature. Inside the hole, the drill string also appears to have started to
approach ambient temperatures.
76%
595. 'Missing' Heat May Affect Future Climate Change

Scientists warn in the new study that satellite sensors, ocean floats, and other ... Until 2003, the
measured heat increase was consistent with computer model expectations. ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oG7_2uY0FMDpMAeNmEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybnZlZnRlBHNlYwNzcgR
wb3MDMQRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=12hf7trvp/EXP=1279440174/**http://www.sciencedaily.
com/releases/2010/04/100415141121.htm
76%
596. Modelling the geochemical cycle of boron: Implications for the long-term ´11B
evolution of seawater and oceanic crust
Simon, L. / Lecuyer, C. / Marechal, C. / Coltice, N.,Chemical Geology,225(1),p.61-76,Jan 2006 -
...considering a vein-free crust (plain line) and...alpha out-sw Ref. Ocean inputs
Hydrothermal...margins 4 20+/-5 b Ocean outputs Oceanic crust alteration This
rill=yes&md5=113c1ee08ae97ce335030b07c8796063
76%

In a deep mine, temperatures increase at the rate of _____ . 3 degrees C per kilometer ... the
asthenosphere rises close to the surface beneath mid-ocean ridges the ...
http://www.uh.edu/~jbutler/physical/chap19mult.html
76%
598. Multiple Platform Exploration Conference on of the Ocean

increase in deep-ocean, high-latitude, and continental temperatures. ... Ear th is found buried deep
in the crust and sediment column of the ocean. ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oGdGaqY0FM6XMBtkCEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybjBnOXNnBHNlYwNzcgR
wb3MDMARjb2xvA3NrMQR2dGlkAw--/SIG=12dr1m4ht/EXP=1279440170/**http://www.odplegacy.
org/PDF/Admin/Long_Range/COMPLEX.pdf
76%
599. NatureServe: Dichotomous Keys to Geographically Isolated Wetland Types in the

United States
3b. Peatlands that occur on expansive, flat landscapes in areas of high rainfall and low
temperatures. Vegetation is dominated by thick to widely spaced stunted trees, continuous to
patchy shrubs, and open areas of herbaceous plants. Dominant tree species
http://www.natureserve.org./getData/wetlands_dichotomous_keys.jsp
76%
600. New Life Beneath Sea And Ice

Scientists have long known that life can exist in some very extreme environments. ... realm just
beneath the deep ocean floor. The ocean crust may be the largest biological ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oG72.xY0FMDYgA9V2EzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTByMTNuNTZzBHNlYwNzcg
Rwb3MDMgRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=12hrltrr9/EXP=1279440177/**http://www.sciencedaily.
com/releases/2008/11/081117103653.htm
76%
601. New research into the deep ocean floor yields promising results for ...
The ocean crust may be the largest biological ... There has been limited research into this deep
marine crust ... the cane toad is set to flourish with increasing temperature.
76%
602. ORIGINAL PAPER The Bremen ocean bottom tiltmeter (OBT) – a technical...
May 2007 - ...2000) show that ocean floor noise spectra...designs known from ocean bottom
seismometers (OBS), ocean bottom hy- drophones...developed analogue deep sea level
(Fabian...sensor measures the temperature inside the sensor pressure...
http://www.geo.uni-bremen.de/sensorik/publikationen/FabianANDVillinger2007.pdf
76%
603. Pioneer 10 Virtual Conference Transcript

We would expect to see a big increase in whether the low energy particles would .... and diversity
in the deep ocean where no sunlight penetrates -- off the ...
http://quest.nasa.gov/sso/cool/pioneer10/general/pmtwotxt.html
76%
604. Plate Tectonics Evolution of Continents, Ocean Basins ...

Depth of crust increases away from ridge . Age of crust ... Age/temperature) Which one wins?
Deep trench on “ocean” side; Arcuate line of islands ~100 Km land ...
http://www.owlnet.rice.edu/~esci321/PlateTectonics.ppt
76%
605. RESULTS
The excellent timescales for Site 1218 and 1219 and potential for further refinements will help to
evaluate the rates of change in ice volume and deep-ocean temperatures. Average sedimentation
rates in the lower Oligocene are relatively high for a deep-oce
76%
606. Subtropical Arctic Ocean temperatures during the Palaeocene/Eocene ...

This ridge represents a fragment of continental crust that rifted from the ... 5 mthermal expansion
of seawater expected froma5-88C (refs 2,3) increase in deep ocean temperatures.
http://www.purdue.edu/climate/huber0507.pdf
76%
607. Thallium isotope evidence for a permanent increase in marine organic carbon export in
the early Eocene
Nielsen, S.G. / Mar-Gerrison, S. / Gannoun, A. / LaRowe, D. / Klemm, V. / Halliday, A.N. / Burton,
K.W. / Hein, J.R.,Earth and Planetary Science Letters,278(3),p.297-307,Feb 2009 - ...factor
between Fe-Mn crust and seawater (alphaSW-C...relative to low tem
rill=yes&md5=cb171eeb6256b918b8350ca7c4dc5d43
76%
608. Through Thick or Thin: Exploring Europa's Outer Layer of Ice

The mixing of ice crust and subsurface ocean may provide microorganisms with ... into the deep
portions of Europa's ice shell and presumably back into the ocean. ...
http://www.astrobio.net/exclusive/16/through-thick-or-thin-exploring-europas-outer-layer-of-ice
76%
609. TripAtlas.com - About Kola_Superdeep_Borehole

... the expected further increase in temperature with increasing ... and chemical composition of the
deep crust and ... intended to penetrate the shallow crust under the Pacific Ocean off ...
http://tripatlas.com/Kola_Superdeep_Borehole
76%
610. Unit 2. Planet Earth: Origin and Evolution

Therefore, as the speed of the atoms increase, temperature increases. ... planetary surface
temperature would continue to increase, instead of reaching ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oG72.xY0FMDYgA812EzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybjIxbDhlBHNlYwNzcgRw
b3MDMARjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=133d6sf99/EXP=1279440177/**http://www.globalchange.
umich.edu/gctext/Inquiries/Inquiries_by_Unit/Unit_2.htm
76%
611. Unit 2. The Open Ocean

May 2008 - ...Coastal upwelling 413. Coastal sinking 2–3. Deep-Ocean Circulation 414. Deep-ocean
circulation 415. Ocean fronts and eddies...movement of water. The direction, speed, and the
temperature of the water masses moved by the ocean...
http://www.fas.org/spp/military/docops/afwa/ocean-U2.htm
76%
612. Volcanoes and Water - river, sea, depth, temperature, types, effect
... are dragged deep beneath the continents. As a plate descends, the pressures and temperatures
it experiences increase ... the Earth's crust ... or under the ocean ...
http://www.waterencyclopedia.com/Tw-Z/Volcanoes-and-Water.html
76%
613. Wikipedia:Thermohaline circulation - Global Warming Art

In the deep ocean, the predominant driving force is differences in ... and the Southern Ocean and
Haline forcing caused by differences in temperature and ...
http://www.globalwarmingart.com/wiki/Wikipedia:Thermohaline_circulation
76%
614. [PDF] URI/WHOI AI PROPOSAL OUTLINE

1998), indicate that both deep sediments and oceanic crust, ..... Increased temperature can
increase electron donor availability by ...
http://nai.arc.nasa.gov/library/downloads/III.pdf
75%
615. [PDF]Deep below the surface of the world's oceans, lies a vast and ...
Deep ocean pressures force seawater through cracks in the crust of the earth, ... A funnel mouth at
the input end would act as a venturi to increase flow ... heat it took to raise the water to a given
temperature, we can also know how ...
http://www.marshallsystem.com/article2.pdf
75%
616. [PDF]Lecture 19-Ocean Circulation and Paleoclimate

Nov 6, 2006 ... freezing owing to its salt content) fills the deep ocean below 2500 m depth ...
Density increases as temperature declines and salinity increases. ... Also means that, as the ocean
crust cools and sinks, the crust passes ...
http://sorcerer.ucsd.edu/ERTH50/Lect19-Ocean%20circulation.pdf
75%
617. [PDF]Microbes Deep inside the Earth - Single-celled ...

increasing temperature that limits the depth of subsurface life. ... For oceanic crust, where the
temperature rises about 15 degrees C per kilo- ...
http://www.sciamdigital.com/gsp_qpdf.cfm?ISSUEID_CHAR=999FE651-ED4C-44FB-A474-45B3501
86E9&ARTICLEID_CHAR=58E71D60-4FFA-49A3-A0A5-358F42B41EB
75%
618. [PDF]The formation of SiO2-rich melts within the deep oceanic crust ...
that anatexis was coeval to high-temperature shearing. (Malpas 1979; Pedersen and Malpas ....
deep oceanic crust. The application of these findings to ..... resulting in drastically increased TiO2
contents relative to primitive MORB. ...
http://www.springerlink.com/index/A670M8J284N14672.pdf
75%
619. [RTF]Ocean Basins

... As the oceanic crust travels away from the ridge crest it cools and becomes ... Mostly composed
of quartz, very resistant to weathering; Some deep ocean, very fine wind blown clays ... (increase
pH) or dissolution (decrease pH) of calcium carbonate CaC
http://www.miracosta.edu/home/jturbeville/Oceanography%20section%202%20fall%202006.rtf
75%
620. 06 ENERGY
Figure 6-1 Important nonrenewable energy resources that can be removed from the earth's crust
are coal, oil, natural gas, and some forms of geothermal energy. Nonrenewable uranium ore is also
extracted from the earth's crust and then processed to increase
http://www.geowords.org/ensci/06/06.htm
75%
621. 1 1995-2000 Reading Full Test 1995-08 Questions 1-9 The ocean bottom...
Nov 2002 - ...Until about a century ago, the deep-ocean floor was completely inaccessible...than at
the Earth's surface, the deep-ocean bottom is a hostile environment...researchers have taken
samples of deep-ocean rocks and sediments for over a century...
http://www.math.hcmuns.edu.vn/~ntchuyen/TOEFL essay/TOEFL Test
1995-2003/Read_1995_2000.pdf
75%
622. 10 Deep-Sea Secrets Revealed [PICS]

The oceans cover more than 70 percent of the earth's surface, yet their depths remain largely
unknown. It's a frontier that scientists are racing to explore. ...
http://digg.com/general_sciences/10_Deep_Sea_Secrets_Revealed_PICS
75%
623. 1st International Symposium on Deep Seismic Profiling of the ...

Deep Reflections from the Caledonides and Variscides West of Britain and ... The Deep Crust in
Convergent and Divergent Terranes: Laramide Uplifts and Basin ...
http://www.earthscrust.org/earthscrust/reports/newyork.html
75%
624. 2007 WAIS/FRISP Workshop (14th Annual WAIS) AGENDA

To increase our understanding of the Oceanic, Cryospheric, ... Location and timing of Circumpolar
Deep Water intrusions onto the Amundsen Sea ... Radar attenuation and temperature near the
grounding line of Whillans Ice Stream [PPT (2mb)] .... Thickness an
http://neptune.gsfc.nasa.gov/wais/pastmeetings/Agenda_2007.html
75%
625. 300 Earth's Ocean

Temperature and salinity are rather constant: 21°C to 26°C (70°F to 80°F) and slightly ...
Deep-ocean currents are driven by density differences: the colder the water and the ...
http://www.csun.edu/~khurst/ES300/Fritche/300ocean.html
75%
626. A complete oxygen isotope profile through the lower oceanic crust, ODP Hole 735B
Gao, Y. / Hoefs, J. / Przybilla, R. / Snow, J.E.,Chemical Geology,233(3),p.217-234,Oct 2006 -
...894F and 894G (Hess Deep) ~1 Fast (135) Lecuyer...tectonically exhumed at Hess Deep Rift
Gabbros have...value of 4.8%%. Hess Deep (tectonic exposure...al. (199
http://208.68.138.205/srsapp/search?q=increase+temperature+deep+ocean+crust&t=all&p=100&
drill=yes&md5=2af0eb97fdabd53d5a339e7e00cc3e86
75%
627. A glimpse at the Earth's crust deep below the Atlantic

Nov 12, 2009 ... "These massifs turned out to be oceanic core complexes at different ... no
resistance can't be increased to be closer to room temperature. ...
http://www.labspaces.net/100611/1/A_glimpse_at_the_Earth_s_crust_deep_below_the_Atlantic
75%
628. Betts Cove Ophiolite

... direct access to samples of ocean crust and upper mantle; and ... and uranium from the
subducting slab and sediments, lowered the melting temperature in the convecting mantle ...
http://members.shaw.ca/ph-design/BettsCove/index.html
75%
629. Damn Interesting • The Deepest Hole

... the Earth’s deep crust ... crust of the ocean floor to probe the Earth’s lower crust. ... tap very
high temperatures due to a high geothermal gradient (the crust generally increases ...
http://www.damninteresting.com/the-deepest-hole
75%
630. Deep Earth DIALOG #8

Sep 2001 - ...meetings IASPEI symposium on deep Earth discontinuities: configuration...structure
and dynamics of the deep Earth from superconducting gravimetry...wavelength geoid in
constraining deep-mantle viscosity was raised...indicated that ongoing ice
http://hope.simons-rock.edu/~bergman/sedi/dialog/dial8.htm
75%
631. Deltawerken - The crust

... the mantle: a 2900 kilometre deep ... the oceans however, the crust is thinner than under land.
On the bottom of the ocean, there ... 100 metres you go down, the temperature increases by ...
http://www.deltawerken.com/The-crust/467.html
75%
632. Discussions of SIEM

>1. Assume the crust in question is in the middle of an ocean basin. ... Temperature will also
increase with depth, >as we approach the lower crust and mantle. ...
http://www.sentex.net/~tcc/h-t-vent.txt
75%
633. EMU GESC 108 Earth Science Syllabus

What is the geothermal gradient in the lower peninsula of Michigan? At what temperature do rocks
begin to melt? List the 3 influences on viscosity we discussed in class. What is the temperature,
SiO2 content, viscosity, volatile content, and expected type
http://www.emich.edu/public/geo/bradley/108sylla.htm
75%
634. Extreme Life, Marine Style, Highlights 2006 Ocean Census

Frontiers of marine knowledge were extended by the Census of Marine Life in 2006, highlights of
which include life adapted to brutal conditions around 407ºC ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oGdHq4Y0FM7CMAhKGEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybjBnOXNnBHNlYwNzcg
Rwb3MDMARjb2xvA3NrMQR2dGlkAw--/SIG=12h4mq8jc/EXP=1279440184/**http://www.scienced
aily.com/releases/2006/12/061211092709.htm
75%
635. Final Report: Earth's Core and Mantle Dynamics

The temperature field initially displays a large number of point like downwellings, .... passive
oceanic spreading centers, single-sided subduction, and back-arc ... as viscosity) result in very
sluggish convection in the deep mantle (as .... the crustal m
http://ct.gsfc.nasa.gov/olson.finalreport/final_report.html
75%
636. From unthinned continent to ocean: The deep structure of the West Iberia passive
continental margin at 38oN
Afilhado, A. / Matias, L. / Shiobara, H. / Hirn, A. / Mendes-Victor, L. / Shimamura,
H.,Tectonophysics,458(1),p.9-50,Oct 2008 - ...in the text. The increase of Pn amplitude
observed...km/s) imaging the deep crust and the lithospheric...is followed by its i
rill=yes&md5=0d9616766fc1bb1620b0da24ae4c7179
75%
637. Geotimes - December 2007 - Deep Earth

From crust to core, seismologists have been hunting for ever better ways to “see ” ... and enabling
them to estimate the temperature near the core-mantle boundary ... when combined with the
“enormous increase in computing power” in recent .... at t
http://www.geotimes.org/dec07/article.html?id=feature_deepearth.html
75%
638. How deep do i need to drill down to reach a temperature of ...

Jun 22, 2007 ... It is roughly 9 km deep, and the temperature at the base was about 270 ºC. ... or
on the oceanic crust, where the crust may only be 100 km (62 miles) thick .... The temperature
within the Earth's crust increases about… ...
http://uk.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20070622124023AAO7Xpd
75%
639. Integrated Studies of Crust-Mantle Interaction and Lithospheric ...

... the foreland uppermost crust and (ii) temperature ... stability against the increasing ... amplitude
of lateral temperature anomalies determines to what extent continents affect deep ...
http://www.agu.org/meetings/fm04/fm04-sessions/fm04_T31A.html
75%
640. Kola Superdeep Borehole | BookRags.com

With the expected further increase in temperature with increasing depth ... unlike surface water
must have come from deep-crust ... penetrate the shallow crust under the Pacific Ocean ...
http://www.bookrags.com/wiki/Kola_Superdeep_Borehole
75%
641. Mantle (geology) - New World Encyclopedia

The distinction between crust and mantle is based on chemistry, rock types, rheology and ... crust
and mantle) and on the increase in temperature and pressure as ...
http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Mantle_(geology)
75%
642. Ocean | BookRags.com

As the initial crust of the Earth ... Below this permanent thermocline, temperatures decrease
slowly. In the very deep ocean basins, the temperature may be observed to increase ...
http://www.bookrags.com/eb/ocean-eb/
75%
643. Ocean 540: Problem Set #1

2. The oceanic crust is 6 km thick and the mean ocean depth is 4 km. If the ... rate of the
mid-ocean ridge system were to increase by 50%, estimate the size ...
http://www2.ocean.washington.edu/oc540-97/problems/set1.html
75%
644. Ocean Basin – FREE Ocean Basin information | Encyclopedia.com: Find ...
Temperature of this fluid is ... and the ocean crust in these areas cracks and breaks as it is pulled
apart. The age of rocks in ocean basins increases the ... Lying between the deep ocean ...
http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3437200041.html
75%
645. Ocean Basin Profiles Description

... crust samples from deep ... Ocean crust ages for a portion of ... is controlled by temperature
and cooling causes the lithosphere to increase in thickness away from the mid-ocean ridge
http://web.ics.purdue.edu/~braile/eas100/hwk3.htm
75%
646. Ocean current: Definition from Answers.com

ocean current ( shn krnt ) ( oceanography ) A net transport of ocean water along a definable
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oGdEe0Y0FM9n8BTeaEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTByZ3RtN3J1BHNlYwNzcgR
wb3MDMgRjb2xvA3NrMQR2dGlkAw--/SIG=1206qrle0/EXP=1279440180/**http://www.answers.co
m/topic/ocean-current-2
75%
647. Oceans For Youth: Educational Website for Kids of All Ages
Furthermore, the increase in ... hot place, with temperatures of about 9,900 ... toward the Earth's
core, deep ocean trenches are created. Thin oceanic crust forms ...
http://www.oceansforyouth.org/whats-that/ftr0801.html
75%
648. plate tectonics

At temperatures above the Curie Temperature, permanent magnetization of materials ... Oceanic
Trenches - deep trenches along the margins of continents, ... If new oceanic crust and lithosphere
is continually being created at the ... Thus, the depth to the
http://earthsci.org/education/teacher/basicgeol/platec/platec.html
75%
649. SEAWATER, SOUND & ICE

temperature range that depends upon location and time of year. Warm or cold ocean ... Water
temperature in the open ocean varies from a low of 28.4 degrees F (the ...
http://oceansjsu.com/105d/Readings/Seawater_Sound_Ice.pdf
75%
650. Skinner Chapter 4 - Study

32. The increase in temperature with depth inside the Earth is called ... 49. What are the main
differences between oceanic crust and continental ...
http://www.li.suu.edu/Library/Circulation/Lohrengel/geol1013flChap4StudyQuestions.pdf
75%
651. SR- The Structure of the Earth

The temperature and the pressure within the mantle also increase with depth. ... crust is much
thinner than the mantle and the outer and inner cores. ...
http://www.comevisit.com/mrjennings/SR_Earthstr.htm
75%
652. Structural and Tectonic Evolution of Oceanic Crust within the ...
A deep crustal layer with velocities of 7.1-7.4 km/sec rather than the typical ..... CDP 4520,
however, shows a steep increase in Vrms between 5.6 and 5.9 seconds ..... axial depth, and crustal
thickness and temperature variation in the ...
http://search.datapages.com/data/specpubs/history2/data/a115/a115/0001/0250/0259.htm
75%
653. Subtropical Arctic Ocean temperatures during the Palaeocene/Eocene ...

This ridge represents a fragment of continental crust that rifted from the ... 5 mthermal expansion
of seawater expected froma5-88C (refs 2,3) increase in deep ocean temperatures.
http://www.seas.harvard.edu/climate/pdf/2007/sluijs_et_al_06.pdf
75%
654. TÃƒÂ-tulo de la pÃƒ¡gina

(4) Temperature anomaly in the Water Column. Although, unequivocal evidences of positive
temperature anomalies do not exist in the bottom water that surrounds the methane active
sources, it has been generally associated to high heat flows of source organis
http://www.hydrates.ucv.cl/pagei07.html
75%
655. The Cause of the Earth's Magnetic Field SOLVED
Places deep in the Earth’s crust (where the temperature is higher than on ... to local weak
integrating and increasing effect as seen in the Indian ocean.
http://www.science27.com/Earth/index.htm
75%
656. upwelling: Definition from Answers.com

upwelling n. The act or an instance of rising up from or as if from a lower source: an upwelling of
emotion ... Ocean upwelling represents the primary means by which deep dense ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oGdEe0Y0FM9n8BTOaEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTByZWgwN285BHNlYwNzcg
Rwb3MDMQRjb2xvA3NrMQR2dGlkAw--/SIG=11q9fppim/EXP=1279440180/**http://www.answers.
com/topic/upwelling
75%
657. US NSF - GEO - OCE - The Future of Basic Research in the ...
Given the rapid increase in Lagrangian measurements by drifting and profiling ... from the deep
Earth, hydrothermal circulation in ocean crust and sediments, or ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oGdHq4Y0FM7CMAhaGEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTByZWgwN285BHNlYwNzc
gRwb3MDMQRjb2xvA3NrMQR2dGlkAw--/SIG=121lovb14/EXP=1279440184/**http://www.nsf.gov/
geo/oce/whatis/futures.jsp
75%
658. WAIS: Documentation

To increase our understanding of the Oceanic, Cryospheric, ... P12: How does the ice flow, the
warmer water in the deep ocean, and the shelf water interact ...
http://neptune.gsfc.nasa.gov/wais/documentation/impl_96.html
75%
659. Weekly Ocean News

However, only the finer fraction of river-borne sediment is swept into the deep ocean waters.
Thickening of marine sediments in the direction of the continental margin may also reflect the
aging of oceanic crust with distance away from divergent (spreading
http://www.aos.wisc.edu/~hopkins/oceans/fall_08/DSOf08news04.html
75%
660. What is Earth crust? - A definition of Earth crust from the ecomii ...
Due to increasing temperature and pressure with depth, the metamorphic grade of rocks increases
with depth, and the rocks within the deep continental crust ... that the ocean crust ...
http://www.ecomii.com/science/encyclopedia/earth-crust
75%
661. What is the most common silicate in earths crust | Answerbag

... the sial runs between 5 km and 70 km deep ... for the lower layer of the Earth's crust, which is
exposed in the ocean ... paradoxical to me as water pressure increases with temperature ...
http://www.answerbag.com/q_view/772328
75%
662. WikiAnswers - What happens to temperature and pressure as you ...

What happens to the ocean temperature as you go deeper into the ocean? ... What causes
pressure to incease as you go deeper below the crust? ...
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_happens_to_temperature_and_pressure_as_you_go_deeper_into
_the_ocean
75%
663. [ More results from www.scribd.com
Most studies of biological mediation of the oceanic crust alteration have .... pyrite increases with
depth, and, thus, the lower part of the ocean crust is more ... any apparent decrease in activity up
to 90°C. At higher temperatures, ...
http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0012821X99000059
74%
664. [PDF]Bottom water warming in the North Pacific Ocean

corresponds to the modified NADW (North Atlantic Deep Water) .... The temperature increase could
be accommodated by increasing the heat input through the ocean ... oceanic crust with a mean
heat flux of 0.042 Wm22. This is close to ...
http://stephenschneider.stanford.edu/Publications/PDF_Papers/FukasawaEtAl2004.pdf
74%
665. [PDF]metamorphic evidence for oceanic crust obduction evolution of ...

limestones, having affinities with oceanic crust. .... moderate increase in Mn and no decrease in. Fe
at the rim. .... temperature near the upper stability limit of .... deep-seated tectonics of the
Abukuma massif ...
http://sp.lyellcollection.org/cgi/reprint/43/1/481.pdf
74%
666. [PDF]Oceanography Handout

basaltic crust. As we discussed earlier in class, these reactions are hydration ... The deep ocean is
also slightly more saline than typical surface waters ( 35000 ... the lower temperature and
increased salinity of the deep water ...
http://www.gly.uga.edu/Roden/ppt/oceanographyhandout.pdf
74%
667. [PPT]Week 2B Figures (.ppt) - PowerPoint Presentation

1 0/00 change in d18O for each 4.2°C increase in water temperature. ... Seafloor spreading was
fast, and mid-ocean ridges were elevated (along with older ocean crust). ... Deep ocean 100 My
ago was filled with warm saline bottom water; ...
http://courses.washington.edu/ocean450/figures_10/Week%202b%202010.ppt
74%
668. 4. Sources of Sea Salt

Ocean Temperature 10. Solar Radiation 11. Properties ... while others have escaped from the
Earth's crust ... does the concentration of dissolved salts increase in ...
http://oceansjsu.com/105d/exped_briny/4.html
74%
669. Abstracts
Mar 11, 2000 ... Ocean floor observatories are under development for siting in sea floor .... target
for implementation is deep ocean hydrothermal fields. ...
http://geodynamics.jpl.nasa.gov/workshop/autonomous_systems/abstracts.html
74%
670. Article: An abridged history of deep ocean drilling. (25 Years ...
... that a combination of increased capability to drill deeply into the earth and ... The House
version, known as the Deep Ocean Energy Resources Act of 2006 (DOER ... available record of
deep ocean temperature showed a similar trend. ... Discovery of "meg
http://www.accessmylibrary.com/article-1G1-15383395/abridged-history-deep-ocean.html
74%
671. Chapter 9: Introduction _ GES DISC: Goddard Earth Sciences, Data ...
Sep 9, 2009 ... The correlation of oxygen isotope ratios from deep-sea cores with the results of ...
A 1000-year history of variations in Iceland´s temperature compiled by .... Ground Water (within
upper 0.8 km of the Earth´s crust) ..... If overdeepening
http://disc.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/geomorphology/GEO_9/GEO_CHAPTER_9.shtml
74%
672. Cooling rates in the lower crust of the Oman ophiolite: Ca in olivine, revisited
VanTongeren, J.A. / Kelemen, P.B. / Hanghoj, K.,Earth and Planetary Science
Letters,267(1),p.69-82,Mar 2008 - ...Calculations of closure temperature (Tc) and cooling
rate...Cooling rates in the lower crust of the Oman ophiolite...accretion of oceanic lower
drill=yes&md5=593a73bd29a38a34af9c77e9e2138a60
74%
673. Deep Sea Drilling Project Initial Reports Volume 88

... 110-m.y.-old crust and to determine the mechanical stability of the instrument. Temperature
results show rapid temperature increase ... the temperature at the ocean floor is 0 ...
http://www.deepseadrilling.org/88/volume/dsdp88_12.pdf
74%

Washington - Nov 27, 2003 - Scientists have discovered a new ... of the planet-in the far south
Atlantic and Indian Oceans and the sea floor beneath the Arctic icecap-found ...
http://www.spacedaily.com/news/tectonics-03s.html
74%
675. Goldschmidt Abstracts 2009 - S

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,73(13),p.A1139-A1301,Jun 2009 - ...edu) Cretaceous ocean
anoxic events...Did it include increase in average rates...the course of an ocean anoxic event...Cu,
Hg, Pb and Zn increase with distance...isotopic behavior in deep g
drill=yes&md5=1aa85bf644fb85a38dcd2e6b53dff0b7
74%
676. Hot Air » New NASA data indicates ocean temperatures … have cooled ...
New NASA data indicates ocean temperatures … have cooled slightly since 2003 ... The continued
rapid cooling of the earth since WWII is in accord with the increase in ...
http://hotair.com/archives/2008/03/19/new-nasa-data-indicates-ocean-temperatures-have-cooled-s
lightly-since-2003/
74%
677. Inner earth mysteries _1_

... by sedimentary rocks, while ocean crust is ... uppermost few kilometres of the crust. Although
oil companies have drilled as deep ... It is generally assumed that temperature increases ...
http://www.scribd.com/doc/7054849/Inner-earth-mysteries-1
74%

Ocean Crust formed at Superfast Spreading Rate: Deep Drilling the Ocean Basement in Hole 1256D
... The dramatic increase in thickness over 30 m of lateral distance and a total thickness in excess
of 74 m indicates that there was at least this much paleotop
74%
679. Magnetic images of the Sumatran region crust

... deciphering the past history of ocean basins, to mineral and oil ... and model the myriad static
and dynamic sources of the geomagnetic field, and increase our understanding of ...
http://planetary-mag.net/sumatra/
74%
680. Making a crust in the southern ocean

... heated to furnace temperatures and jets back to the ocean ... world’s only mid-ocean ridge crust
exposed above sea level outside of Iceland. It has deep ... global populations increase ...
http://www.mesa.edu.au/resources/gd.asp
74%
681. Metamorphic Rocks

Metamorphism is generally limited to the lower crust. CONDITIONS CAUSING METAMORPHISM.
TEMPERATURE. Increasing temperature has ... because it can tell us what happens deep in the ...
http://www.efn.org/~agrush/introgeo/Lect_6.html
74%
682. Missions/Projects - Sciences and Exploration Directorate - 600

The Crustal Dynamics Data Information System (CDDIS) supports data archiving ..... EPOXI re-uses
the Deep Impact flyby spacecraft to observe transiting extrasolar .... Understanding whether the
temperature increase and climate changes are ..... The NPP mis
http://science.gsfc.nasa.gov/sed/index.cfm?fuseAction=projects.main&navOrgCode=600
74%
683. Nitrogen concentration and ´15N of altered oceanic crust obtained on ODP Legs 129
and 185: Insights into...
Li, L. / Bebout, G.E. / Idleman, B.D.,Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,71(9),p.2344-2360,May
2007 - ...of altered oceanic crust obtained on ODP Legs...in altered oceanic crust (AOC) is
critical...highly heterogeneous temperature and redox conditions...less-
drill=yes&md5=524c8d5404b3e5550416d5404807696d
74%
684. Palaeos Proterozoic: The Paleoproterozoic Era

The Early Paleoproterozoic is also the earliest time that normal plate boundaries, boundaries
between essentially rigid crust elements, are seen in the geological record. Stanley (1998). Stanley
also notes that the total volume of continental crust first a
http://www.palaeos.com/Proterozoic/Paleoproterozoic/Paleoproterozoic.html
74%
685. Permafrost Melt

increase evident on the crust. This is not lineal, and the crust It won't all come out at once or even
over several decades, but if temperatures increase, then
http://www.zetatalk3.com/theword/tworx554.htm
74%
686. Petrologic characterization of Guatemalan lawsonite eclogite ...

Questions about this process include: how does downgoing oceanic crust transform ..... This
implies a progressive increase in temperature during the growth of ..... mantle phase
transformations and deep earthquakes in subducting oceanic ...
http://specialpapers.gsapubs.org/content/403/147.full
74%
687. Plate Tectonics

... and calcium than the crust, is hotter and denser because temperature and ... and younger
oceanic crust Mid-Ocean Ridge with underwater volcanic activity and ...
http://www.slideshare.net/sacibgeography/plate-tectonics
74%
688. Temperature And Pressure At 5000 Feet Deep In Ocean | Let Tell ...
Deep In The Atmosphere The Pressure And Temperature Increase They Go Out Where The Ocean
Is About 5000 Feet Deep And Drill Another 30000 Feet Into The Crust ...
http://www.lettellme.com/blogs/temperature+and+pressure+at+5000+feet+deep+in+ocean.html
74%
689. The Voyager Planetary Mission

It showed two distinct types of terrain -- cratered and grooved -- suggesting to scientists that
Ganymede's entire icy crust has been under tension from global tectonic processes. Callisto has a
very old, heavily cratered crust showing remnant rings of eno
http://www.if.ufrgs.br/ast/solar/portug/vgrfs.htm
74%
690. UNIT II: THE DYNAMIC CRUST

... high elevations and at great ocean depths indicate changes in of the crust. c. Tilted and ... zones
of crustal activity are associated with high, young ranges and deep ocean. ...
http://charlesburrows.com/GreenNotes/unitII.html
74%
691. [PDF]1-D resistivity structures of the oceanic crust around the ...
(b) Temperature profiles of pore-fluid within the oceanic crust for the ... the resistivity in the
deeper layers increases with depth. On ...
http://www.terrapub.co.jp/journals/EPS/pdf/2005/5707/57070673.pdf
73%
692. [PDF]Deep and High-temperature Hydrothermal Circulation in the Oman ...

simultaneous deeper and higher-temperature hydrothermal system, also active at the .... oceanic
crust at the ridge axis. We have conducted a systematic study of the gabbros ...... (5300 C) will
increase. The amplification of the d18O ...
http://petrology.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/45/6/1181.pdf
73%
693. [PDF]Deep Drilling into Oceanic - <a href="#4">Deep Drilling into ...
oceanic crust remains unachieved. Deep Sea Drilling Project ..... Temperature recorded by TAP
tool. Increase in borehole temperature with time is recorded ...
http://www.icdp-online.org/upload/pdf/scientific%20drilling/SDjournal_no3_06_final_web.pdf
73%
694. [PDF]DYNAMIC CRUST REVIEW 1. According to the Earth Science ...

4 The density of oceanic crust is greater than the density of continental crust. ... 4 Seafloor
temperatures increase as the distance from the ridge increases. ... 1 the cold water deep in the
ocean kills shallow- water organisms ...
http://www.mrromano.com/ES%20Review/Topic%2011%20Review/Dynamic%20Crust%20Review.
pdf
73%
695. [PDF]Geological consequences of superplumes

The removal of high-temperature material increased the temperature gradient just above the
core-mantle boundary and allowed .... increase in ocean-crust production. This is espe- ..... et al.,
Initial reports of the Deep Sea Drilling ...
http://www.es.ucsc.edu/~rcoe/eart206/Larson_superplume2_Geology91.pdf
73%
696. [PDF]Name: 1) Which statement best describes the continental and ...
A) the cold water deep in the ocean kills shallow-water organisms ... of temperature increase below
the Earth's surface is greatest between depths of ...
http://www.reviewearthscience.com/subjects/es/review/topic-spec/EQinterior.pdf
73%
697. [PDF]Turbulent heat flux in the deep ocean above diffuse ...
ing the oceanic crust is highly variable. Our calculations show that this .... entrained into the
high-temperature plumes, then it is included in heat es- ..... However, cross-flow effects and an
increase in the buoyancy frequency above ...
http://www.nwra.com/resumes/pruis/Pruisetal_deepsea_2004.pdf
73%
698. [PPT]Chapter 4 - Slide 1

Both temperature and pressure increase with depth in the Earth's crust. ... the Earth's surface, will
require a higher temperature to melt deep in the crust. ... the water in the oceanic crust also
enhances melting and magma formation ...
http://www.tcc.edu/faculty/webpages/rclayton/GOL105_documents/PowerPoints/GOL105_chapter4
.ppt
73%
699. 1478.PDF
The temperature at the base of the crust is about 1000-1050°C, the estimated ... for the
generation of mare volcanism lay deep within the. Moon and that the physical ...
http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc97/pdf/1478.PDF
73%
700. 2006 — Gravity Control

A very complex picture indeed, which indicates that an increase in non-uniform distortions can be
anticipated to dramatically affect the stability of our planet, especially the surface crust.
http://www.gravitycontrol.org/blog/2006/page/4/
73%
701. 3.0 Antarctica - The Environment

Antarctic temperatures. Spring and fall, in polar terms, are more aptly morning and evening
twilight. Particularly in the continental interior, the temperature drops quickly when the Sun sets in
March, and rises with the Sun's rise in September. This graph
http://www.nsf.gov/pubs/1997/antpanel/3enviro.htm
73%
702. A geochemical modelling study of the evolution of the ...

represent interactions between the deep ocean and oceanic crust oc ... effect, together with a
sharp increase in temperature and the. development of widespread ...
http://www.biogeosciences.net/5/253/2008/bg-5-253-2008.pdf
73%
703. A New Approach to Earth History » Plate tectonics (’continental ...

The ocean crust has been completely replaced at least twice ... mantle is hot because with
increasing pressure temperature increases. ... slow-spreading centres are characterised by deep ...
http://www.earthhistory.org.uk/key-concepts/plate-tectonics-1/
73%
704. Basic Geology Part 2 – CO2 in the Atmosphere and Ocean | Watts Up ...
Thus increasing ocean temperature moves CO2 from the ocean into the atmosphere, and
decreasing ... That is why deep ocean muds are red. If it was anaerobic, they would be black.
http://wattsupwiththat.com/2009/02/20/basic-geology-part-2-co2-in-the-atmosphere-and-ocean/
73%
705. Beaufort Gyre Exploration Project | Cruise | 2007 Dispatch 24

But after you reach the temperature maximum of the Atlantic water (between and ... The vertical
mixing and deep circulation in the Arctic ocean are so small than ...
http://www.whoi.edu/beaufortgyre/dispatch2007/dispatch24.html
73%
706. Biological reservoir found below seafloor

Scientists have already extracted microbes that can be cultured from cores drilled more than 3
miles (4. 83 kilometers) into the Earth's crust. ... Since temperatures increase rapidly in the
sub-seafloor, it is likely that the limit of life in the "deep bi
http://www.global-adventures.us/2010/06/15/biological-reservoir-seafloor
73%
707. Can Catastrophic Plate Tectonics Explain Flood Geology ...

How could a massive, global flood be triggered? Do plate tectonics provide a valid ... where
continental crust is present or boundaries between continent and ocean where both ...
http://www.answersingenesis.org/articles/nab/catastrophic-plate-tectonics
73%
708. Climate Change-What is Pole Shift?

The Crust of the Earth is detached from the outer core and inner core of the ... and
electro-magnetic field patterns within the crust and deep water ocean currents. ...
http://heal-the-earth.org/climate_change/climate_change_pole_shift.htm
73%
709. Deep sea vent - MicrobeWiki

Biorealm Niche: Deep Sea Vent. Hydrothermal circulation and chemical ... neighboring deep sea
communities may be affected by the high temperature and ...
http://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Deep_sea_vent&redirect=no
73%
710. Deep Sea Vents-Underwater World Wonders

Hydrothermal vents in the deep ocean ... hydrothermal vent at temperatures ... However the
increase in salinity pushes ...
http://www.theworldwonders.com/underwater-deep-sea-vents.html
73%
711. Depth versus age: new perspectives from the chemical compositions of ancient crust
Humler, E. / Langmuir, C. / Daux, V.,Earth and Planetary Science Letters,173(1),p.7-23,Nov 1999 -
...with time. oceanic crust thermal history lithosphere vertical movements Ocean Drilling Program
Deep Sea Drilling Project...that the depths of the ocean bas
drill=yes&md5=12c94a0c7bbcfcb67726ad17254e6e10
73%
712. Earth's crust (geology) - Britannica Online Encyclopedia

Britannica online encyclopedia article on Earth's crust (geology) ... The chemical composition of the
Earth's crust, oceans, and atmosphere can be studied, but this is only a ...
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/176286/Earths-crust
73%

A magnet loses its properties at a particular temperature, but we know that there is a very ... The
magnetization of the ocean floor (among others) shows that the ..... thorium and potassium) in the
crust, which keeps it at a temperature ..... They seem to
http://www-spof.gsfc.nasa.gov/Education/magnQ&A3.htm
73%
714. Galileo WebChat - March 6, 1998

Again I ask, how deep is the supposed ocean underkneath Europa's surface? Lars Eriksson: . . . .
Fri, Mar 6, 1:41PM PDT (-0700 GMT) Hej. What temperature is ...
http://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/galileo/chat/chat980306.html
73%
715. Geologists Discover New Class of Spreading Ridge on Sea Bottom

Scientists have discovered a new "ultra-slow" class of ocean ridge involved in seafloor spreading.
Investigations in the remote regions of the planet found that for ...
http://www.newswise.com/articles/view/502124/
73%
716. Goldschmidt Abstracts 2009 - B

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,73(13),p.A66-A180,Jun 2009 - ...Conference Abstracts 2009 A68
Deep crustal xenoliths from the Scottish...varieties within the classic deep crustal xenolith suite of
the...Midland Valley) constrain the deep crustal structure,
drill=yes&md5=2baef4810a872e4a00235652c3543640
73%
717. Link to all written lecture notes lecture notes here

Also increase in temperature by 10??qC doubles the rate of chemical reactions. ... Note that the
deep oceans (>4 km deep) are not saturated with calcite and so ...
http://www.sonoma.edu/users/k/karner/F08.102.web/F08.102.Notes.htm
73%
718. Man's Place in the Universe, by Alfred Russel Wallace

The new crust would necessarily for a long time be thinner than the older portion, because formed
so much later; but it would very soon become cool enough to allow the aqueous vapour of the
atmosphere and that given off through fissures from the molten int
http://wku.edu/~smithch/wallace/S728-3.htm
73%
719. MORB mantle hosts the missing Eu (Sr, Nb, Ta and Ti) in the continental crust: New
perspectives on crustal growth,...
Niu, Y. / O'Hara, M.J.,LITHOS,112(1),p.1-17,Sep 2009 - ...compositions of ocean island
basalts...type mid-ocean ridge basalts...continental crust compositions...and liquidus temperature
at low-pressure...Note that at deep crustal level...at a higher temper
drill=yes&md5=0547cde5a9596a451f4e2cec76a2ce21
73%
720. NAI: News Stories

The mixing of ice crust and subsurface ocean may provide microorganisms with ... into the deep
portions of Europa's ice shell and presumably back into the ocean. ...
http://nai.arc.nasa.gov/news_stories/news_detail.cfm?ID=183
73%
721. OceanLink | Biodviersity - Ask a Marine Scientist

... dense communities of animals living deep in the ocean, far from any source of ... scarce with
increasing depth and the abundance and diversity of animals ...
http://www.oceanlink.info/biodiversity/ask/deepsea.html
73%
722. Our Oceans, our Legacy

The oceans impact the temperature and climate of the earth; they carry temperature-swaying
currents around the globe and they absorb solar radiation....
http://ragnarssonreview.wordpress.com/2010/06/25/our-oceans-our-legacy
73%
723. Paleoclimates, ocean depth, and the oxygen isotopic composition of seawater
Kasting, J.F. / Howard, M.T. / Wallmann, K. / Veizer, J. / Shields, G. / Jaffres, J.,Earth and
Planetary Science Letters,252(1),p.82-93,Nov 2006 - ...fraction of deep crust exchanging
oxygen...intensity of low temperature alteration were...shallow and deep
drill=yes&md5=a3f4d5523c755fe560a43d591fedeb66
73%
724. Plate Tectonic processes - Australian Museum

... to 200 km wide (e.g along the Atlantic Ocean). Because oceanic crust ... up from the interior of
the Earth, the temperatures must increase ... from the Earth's core, others from less deep ...
http://australianmuseum.net.au/Plate-Tectonic-processes
73%
725. Plate tectonics

... (from innermost to outermost) core, mantle, and crust. The lithosphere contains both crust and
some mantle. ... times, depending on its temperature, pressure and shear strength. ...
http://www.wikipediaondvd.com/nav/art/s/s.html
73%
726. Proceedings of the International Workshop on Clean Ocean Energy

differentials (between cold deep water and warm surface waters) throughout the Caribbean. ...
Papers on the use of aquaculture to increase the temperature and ...
http://www.environmentaldefence.org/documents/10797_ocean-energy-workshop-proceedings.pdf
73%
727. Temperature and video logs from the upper oceanic crust, Holes 504B and 896A, Costa
Rica Rift flank: implications for...
Becker, K. / Davis, E.E. / Spiess, F.N. / deMoustier, C.P.,Earth and Planetary Science
Letters,222(3),p.881-896,Jun 2004 - ...but then waned our temperature data indicate a...basement
high, the temperature log indicated uphole...fluids at an average temper
drill=yes&md5=386111ecdba9e873e26a2119a3dd55ea
73%
728. The geochemical consequences of late-stage low-grade alteration of lower ocean crust
at the SW Indian Ridge: results...
Bach, W. / Alt, J.C. / Niu, Y. / Humphris, S.E. / Erzinger, J. / Dick, H.J.B.,Geochimica et
Cosmochimica Acta,65(19),p.3267-3287,Oct 2001 - ...rapidly isolated from the ocean by a sediment
seal. Hence...elemental fluxes during lower crust-seawater reaction
drill=yes&md5=820b9b94463e566ea142c13a79cfac1a
73%
729. The Hawaii Hot Spot Page

Under the right circumstances, it will draw oceanic crust into the mantle. ... since part of it operates
below the source (deep missing shear). ... and shear heating are also higher, providing an increase
in asthenospheric temperature. ...
http://www.erictwelker.com/coldspot.htm
73%
730. The spatial and temporal patterning of the deep crust and implications for the process
of melt extraction
Brown, M.,Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and
Engineering Sciences,368(1910),p.11-51,Jan 2010 - doi:10.1098/rsta.2009.0200 - ...patterning of
the deep crust and implications...With increasing temperature, melt volu
http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2009.0200
73%
731. The temperature of Europa's subsurface water ocean

Melosh, H.J. / Ekholm, A.G. / Showman, A.P. / Lorenz, R.D.,Icarus,168(2),p.498-502,Apr 2004 -
...A 100 km deep liquid water ocean probably...conundrum: Is the temperature of the
ocean...slightly in temperature and the internal...through the deep, low-visco
drill=yes&md5=0f8652257b7936dcb842adec9651613c
73%
732. WAIS: Bibliography

To increase our understanding of the Oceanic, Cryospheric, ... Age of Crary Ice Rise, Antarctica,
determined from temperature-depth .... and a preliminary crustal model for the Byrd subglacial
basin, Antarctica, in The Antarctic Region (ed. ... Recent sedi
http://neptune.gsfc.nasa.gov/wais/bibliography/
73%
733. What is the Deepest Hole Ever Drilled?

Brief and Straightforward Guide: What is the Deepest Hole Ever Drilled? ... miles), but a
faster-than-expected increase in temperature forced a premature halt to the ...
http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-the-deepest-hole-ever-drilled.htm
73%
734. Where would you expect to find the oldest basalt on the floor of the ...
... ocean ridges, the age of the oceanic crust increases. In the Atlantic ocean ... What is the
average temperature of the atlantic ... deep ocean
http://www.answerbag.com/q_view/66443
73%
735. #037sva - Gulf Oil Spill Volcano

This will allow the water, under the intense pressure at one mile deep, to be forced into the hole
and the cavity where the oil was. ... The temperature at that depth is near 400 degrees, possibly
more....
http://wheresgodinallofthis.wordpress.com/2010/07/02/037sva-gulf-oil-spill-volcano
72%
736. [PDF] Cruise Report SCICEX99 USS Hawkbill

throughout the deep Arctic Ocean basin and, by special agreement with the ...... adjacent extended
continental and oceanic crust in both the Eurasian and ...
http://ecco2.jpl.nasa.gov/data2/data/ice/ctd/SCICEX/sc99/sc99_datarep.pdf
72%
737. [PDF]1 Figure 1. Composition and temperature limits to the ...

increase in temperature and pressure results in, (1) change in mineralogy ... occur on the thrust as
shallow as 15 km for very hot subduction zones and as deep ... the underlying oceanic crust with
increasing temperature and pressure. ...
http://www.nsf-margins.org/PDF/Roy_Hyndman.pdf
72%
738. [PDF]Thermal contraction and alteration of the oceanic crust

In the deep ocean basins the temperature at the top of layer 3 is on the order of 120 .... tinual
progressive alteration of the ocean crust and an increase ...
http://geology.geoscienceworld.org/cgi/reprint/6/12/726.pdf
72%
739. [PPT]Climate Change During Last 55 my

Deep ocean increased 13-14°C over last 55 my. Temperature Trends Similar ... Most high elevation
caused by subduction of oceanic crust and volcanism ...
http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/GG/FACULTY/POPP/Lecture10
72%
740. 2007 June « Ocean acidification

Phosphate and nitrate limitation lead to an increase in the ratio of calcite to .... large shift of the
oceanic surface temperature which causes an extended hypoxia. ... but we show that the buffering
action of the oceanic crust dissolution ... Exposure to
http://oceanacidification.wordpress.com/2007/06/
72%

Remembering that species begin to differ when separated and appear most alike when able to
spread freely over a range; and that barriers to ocean life include land masses, deep ocean water,
and cold temperatures Most of the metamorphosed rock found there i
http://teachers.yale.edu/curriculum/search/viewer.php?id=new_haven_91.06.05_u
72%
742. BBC - h2g2 - Oceans: the Sea Floor

Feb 25, 2004 ... The deep ocean floor was once thought by scientists to be flat, ... cover the
underlying basaltic rock of the ocean crust completely. ... of the ocean above and when the
pressure on a liquid is increased, ... steep temperature gradients an
http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A2082962
72%
743. Cambridge Conference Correspondence

An asteroid or comet that hit the deep ocean would not generate shocked quartz, because quartz is
rare in ocean crust. Few earthly circumstances have the power to disfigure quartz, which is a highly
stable mineral even at high temperatures and
http://abob.libs.uga.edu/bobk/ccc/cc030402.html
72%

http://reid.citizendium.org/wiki/Carbon_capture_and_sequestration
72%
745. CHAPTER 8
radiation on the ocean including its temperature structure ... New crust forms at divergent plate
boundaries and crust is destroyed in subduction zones. ...
http://www.meteor.wisc.edu/~hopkins/WES/wesch08.pdf
72%
746. Classroom@Sea » Cruises » JC007

THIS CAUSES AN INCREASE IN THE EARTH’S ... OUT HERE IN THE MIDDLE OF THE DEEP, DARK
ATLANTIC OCEAN. YES, THE OCEANIC CRUST AND ... 5) can it elevate the ocean temperature to
any ...
http://www.classroomatsea.net/JC007/qa.html
72%
747. Climate as a Theory of History, Avon, Ohio

Model sensitivity tests suggest that warmer North Atlantic Sea Surface Temperatures may have
induced decreases in net moisture (precipitation minus evaporation), whereas colder North Atlantic
Sea Surface Temperatures may have induced increases in net moist
http://centuryinter.net/tjs11/hist/lakes4.htm
72%
748. Compositions of Mercury's earliest crust from magma ocean models

Brown, S.M. / Elkins-Tanton, L.T.,Earth and Planetary Science Letters,286(3),p.446-455,Sep 2009 -
...resulting from magma ocean models. Bulk...of overturning deep cumulates Adiabatic...cumulates
Flotation crust Adiabatic melting...crust from magma ocean mo
drill=yes&md5=a03d3e8e501daf45cc1c12f38585fdc9
72%
749. Deep sea - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Environmental ... · Biology ·
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_ocean
72%
750. Earth's Interior - body, water, system, oxygen, waves, change ...
Dec 8, 2009 ... The deepest drill hole, just over 9 miles (15 kilometers) in depth, ... The base of the
crust (both the oceanic and continental varieties) ... Accompanying this change is an abrupt
temperature increase of 1300°F (700°C). ...
http://www.scienceclarified.com/Di-El/Earth-s-Interior.html
72%
751. Ecosphere Blog

Now carbon dioxide is locked down in the deep ocean far away from the atmosphere. ... as carbon,
and sinks to the deep ocean to be lost and never reintroduced as ...
http://www.ecosphereblog.com/
72%
752. Geothermal Energy Facts

The Earth's crust is broken into a large number of pieces called plates. ... The temperature
increases with an increase in the depth of the Earth's surface. ...
http://www.buzzle.com/articles/geothermal-energy-facts.html
72%
753. Imaging the Deep Seismic Structure Beneath a Mid-Ocean Ridge: ...
Because the composition of MORBs and the thickness of the oceanic crust are nearly ... In the
stable temperature environment of the sea floor, the seismometers (13) ... The velocities are low to
the west of the axis and increase rapidly ...
http://www.scienceonline.org/cgi/content/full/280/5367/1215
72%
754. Impact of micro-organisms activity on the natural remanent magnetization of the

young oceanic crust
Carlut, J. / Horen, H. / Janots, D.,Earth and Planetary Science Letters,253(3),p.497-506,Jan 2007 -
...their extrusion. Low temperature alteration occurs...the upper oceanic crust and affects the...23
Am2/kg (room temperature) and to 17 Am2/kg...within the
drill=yes&md5=a8d0fe1cb912bf7ef415b9f6707012de
72%
755. Indian Ocean circulation and productivity during the last glacial cycle
Piotrowski, A.M. / Banakar, V.K. / Scrivner, A.E. / Elderfield, H. / Galy, A. / Dennis, A.,Earth and
Planetary Science Letters,285(1),p.179-189,Jul 2009 - ...paths. North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW),
Antarctic...while the Indian Ocean is ventilated by...pat
drill=yes&md5=751c82220fb8d805c6fdf4ba5f10fc0b
72%
756. Insights into the behaviour of sulphur in mid-ocean ridge axial hydrothermal systems
from the composition of the sheeted...
Barker, A.K. / Coogan, L.A. / Gillis, K.M.,Chemical Geology,275(1),p.105-115,Jul 2010 -
...the87Sr/86Sr increase observed in the...fluid entering the crust due to anhydrite...generate the
observed increase in87Sr/86Sr in the crust will be larger...behaviou
drill=yes&md5=b91e4df14eb08496ed1f6dc021471161
72%
757. ISLAND ARCS AND DEPRESSIONS - a knol by Nikolay Kitov

A nearly impossible process for the ocean crust and a limited one for the land ... crust in general,
as well as some differences between land crust and ocean crust, ...
http://knol.google.com/k/island-arcs-and-depressions
72%
758. Lecture 8:
What is the temperature increase in Basalt at 100 m ... two components in continents: deep heat
flow (from mantle) and heat production in crust: ... heat flow discrepancy at mid-ocean ...
http://www.ees.rochester.edu/fehnlab/ees215/lect8.html
72%
759. Minerals, Rocks & Rock Forming Processes

They form trough partial melting of subducted ocean crust ... To the deep, deathlike valleys below.
Some say God ... The rate of diffusion also increases with temperature.
http://www.indiana.edu/~geol105/1425chap5.htm
72%
760. NAI: Year 4 Annual Report: Johnson Space Center

Past sea surface temperature derived From tree rings [Abstract]. ...... Utilisation of surface plasmon
resonance in deep ocean and hydrothermal environments ...
http://www.nai.arc.nasa.gov/institute/annual_report/year4.cfm?PageAction=5&Section=7&Page=4
4&SelectAll=0&TeamAll=1
72%
761. Ocean Biogeochemistry - river, sea, depth, oceans, important ...

Aug 31, 2008 ... Deep in the ocean, mud-dwelling creatures await the arrival of their next .... of the
ocean, and increase with depth, as shown in the figure above. ... into the oceanic crust, it becomes
heated to very high temperatures, ...
http://www.waterencyclopedia.com/Mi-Oc/Ocean-Biogeochemistry.html
72%
762. Oceanography 2004-05

composition and temperature. temperature and current speed. salinity and temperature. What ...
mid ocean ridge separates at different rates and the new crust breaks ...
http://school.discoveryeducation.com/quizzes16/dfarnsworth/Oceanography.html
72%
763. Oil Volcano Pressure in Gulf Too Strong for Containment

This will allow the water, under the intense pressure at one mile deep, to be forced into the hole
and the cavity where the oil was. ... The temperature at that dept is near 400 degrees, possibly
more....
http://studygrowknowblog.com/2010/07/03/oil-volcano-pressure-in-gulf-too-strong-for-containmen
t
72%
764. Pacific Waters Turning Acid | Mother Jones

Normally, the upwelling winds subside for a day or two every couple of weeks in a 'relaxation
event' that allows the buildup of decomposing organic matter to be washed out to the deep ocean.
"When the material produced by these blooms decomposes," Hales sa
http://www.motherjones.com/blue-marble/2008/05/pacific-waters-turning-acid
72%
765. Patricia Mackin

... and dumped into the ocean._ O2 began mixing with iron ions and forming a crust that ...
through and warm the Earth._ The global mean temperature would in turn increase. (I used ...
http://ags.ou.edu/~plmackin/midterm%20exam.html
72%
766. Permafrost Melt

increase evident on the crust. ... where magma can ooze out in the deep ocean rifts
http://www.zetatalk.com/theword/tworx554.htm
72%

Furthermore, after increasing the temperature of the oceans, much of the .... Why do we have
such lofty continents along with such deep ocean basins? ... However, when the crust of the earth
is considered, geologists estimate that ...
http://www.icr.org/article/planet-earth-plan-or-accident/
72%
768. Project
... temperature and earthquake clouds, depth Crust temperature and ... CO2 concentration and
average temperature, polar ice surface, Ocean level and increasing of Ocean cost tides ...
http://theo.inrne.bas.bg/~mavrodi/Project.htm
72%
769. Re-Os results from ODP Site 801: Evidence for extensive Re uptake during alteration of
oceanic crust
Reisberg, L. / Rouxel, O. / Ludden, J. / Staudigel, H. / Zimmermann, C.,Chemical
Geology,248(3),p.256-271,Feb 2008 - ...flows (FLO) from Jurassic oceanic crust (Ocean Drilling
Program Leg 185, Site...basalts. Keywords Seawater alteration Ocean crust Osmium
drill=yes&md5=1c687466d272bc5138b3d166e0dbcf1c
72%
770. sea level changes text eustatic change

Deep cores in Antarctic ice show that the amounts of carbon dioxide and methane ... and closing of
major ocean basins, the addition of new crust along mid-ocean ...
http://geology.uprm.edu/Morelock/eustatic.htm
72%
771. Shearing instabilities accompanying high-pressure phase ...

Apr 27, 2007 ... Because both pressure and temperature increase with depth in Earth, .... a
mechanism for explaining earthquakes in hot subducting oceanic crust. .... The majority of this
discussion of deep earthquakes has focused on ...
http://www.pnas.org/content/104/22/9133.full
72%
772. Supracrustal input to magmas in the deep crust of Sierra Nevada batholith: Evidence
from high-´18O zircon
Lackey, J.S. / Valley, J.W. / Saleeby, J.B.,Earth and Planetary Science Letters,235(1),p.315-330,Jun
2005 - ...mantle-derived rocks, like altered ocean crust,delta18O values are often...variable input of
altered ocean crust to magmas across the batholith..
drill=yes&md5=63e3a88b495ebcfa49d884b3a64d8e33
72%
773. Sympathetic Vibratory Physics - John W. Keely's Sacred Science.

i~i fortnight later they again met in Switzerland, and together measured the rise of the
temperature of the water in a mountain torrent due to its fall. Joule¹s views of the nature of heat
strongly influenced Thomson¹s mind, with the result that in 1841
http://www.svpvril.com/svpnotes/K/KELVIN,_38369.html
72%
774. Teacher's Section: Oceanography Unit

takes lots of heat to increase temperature, so large bodies of water ... so deep oxygen is rare and
is replenished by slow diffusion and by cold (dense) sinking water. Ocean in ...
http://biology.arizona.edu/sciconn/lessons2/Chandler/oc_unit.htm
72%
775. Temperature of the Icelandic crust: Inferred from electrical conductivity, temperature
surface gradient, and maximum...
Bjornsson, A.,Tectonophysics,447(1),p.136-141,Feb 2008 - ...similar pattern of linear temperature
gradient is observed over...can be used to estimate the temperature values deep in the crust below
the uppermost permeable...1974). The latest data on the tem
drill=yes&md5=6e529c4995f0e2287118c9826f4e3f49
72%
776. The uptake of carbon during alteration of ocean crust - Mineralogy and chemistry
Alt, J.C. / Teagle, D.A.H.,Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,63(10),p.1527-1535,May 1999 - ...of
altered ocean crust may be a...so an increase in the rate...cover and temperature of the
upper...altered upper crust increase with age...within the crust is esse
drill=yes&md5=cf628ffdc5a0f714dc582ead6bf68160
72%
777. What temp. does rocks melt? I need it for extra credit? - Yahoo ...
Resolved · 4 total answersAs pressure increases, melting temp increases. Reverse -> "pressure ...
that plumes of magma rise from heat sources deep in ... Also basalt most common in ocean crust,
granite in ...
http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=1006042110986
72%
778. ZetaTalk: During 2002 Note: written Oct 15, 2001

Increasing quakes and volcanic eruptions, as well as high tides and ocean ... increase substantially
in its temperature or motion for a small increase evident ...
http://www.zetatalk.com/transfor/t106.htm
72%
779. [PDF]2007 chapter 4 notes.cwk 0.pdf - 2007 chapter 4 notes.cwk

20m down temperature starts to increase and gradually it gets warmer pressure .... deep ocean
trenches. - forms where oceanic crust bends downward ...
http://mail.evw.k12.mn.us/~dave.dziengel/S0024165B.10/2007%20chapter%204%20notes.cwk%
200.pdf
71%
780. [PDF]Microbial life in ridge flank crustal fluids

ment cores revealed an increase in bacterial cell numbers at the sediment– basement interface, .....
ability in old ocean crust, including temperature gradients ..... bolic activity of subsurface life in
deep-sea sediments. Sci- ...
http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/118567264/articletext?DOI=10.1111/j.1462-2920.2005
.00872.x
71%
781. [PDF]Ocean -
increases in the thickness of the oceanic crust, changes in the style and ... angle of subduction, by
the temperature of the incoming oceanic crust, by .... the scientific drilling of oceanic crust at
mid-ocean ridges and deep into ...
http://www.yearofplanetearth.org/content/downloads/Ocean.pdf
71%
782. [PDF]Rheological properties of deep subducted oceanic lithosphere ...

long period of time to increase its temperature to that of the mantle temperature, could an
apparent strength contrast between the subducting oceanic crust ...
http://earth.scichina.com:8080/sciDe/fileup/PDF/02yd0969.pdf
71%
783. [PPT]Chapters 14, 15, 16

In the Pacific Ocean, oceanic crust plunges beneath continental crust. .... by a decrease in
temperature or an increase in salinity. Deep-Ocean Circulation ...
http://www.mrbryant.net/downloads/Oceanography.ppt
71%
784. Activities Xtras - Xpeditions @ nationalgeographic.com

Marine geologists study the ocean floor and map its topography and structure. ... They also study
life cycles and growth patterns of fish and other marine ...
http://www.nationalgeographic.com/xpeditions/activities/18/oceans_story_1.html
71%
785. Come Join us at David Wolfe's Longevity Confernce!!!

FYI, tickets are $247 at the moment and the price is set to increase on August 15th to $297....
http://www.therawfoodworld.com/blog/?p=1051
71%
786. Dead Sea Scrolls II - Gulf of Mexico

This will allow the WATER, under the intense pressure at 1 mile deep, to be FORCED INTO the hole
and the cavity where the oil was. ... The temperature at that depth is near 400 degrees, possibly
more....
http://goodmorningfloridakeys.com/?p=2809
71%
787. Earlham College - Geology 211 - Template

A volcano is a place on the Earth’s surface (or any other planet’s or moon’s surface) where molten
rock, gases and pyroclastic debris erupt through the earth’s crust. Volcanoes vary quite a bit in
their structure - some are cracks in the earth’s crust
http://www.earlham.edu/~tchille/geology.htm
71%
788. Earth's Cycles
As a consequence of deep movements ... the continetal crust to the ocean basins where it
accumulates. At D, the old crust and ... This is resulting in an increase in global temperature ...
http://rainbow.ldeo.columbia.edu/courses/v1001/ccycle2.html
71%
789. Earth's Oceans Power Point

As a result, fish and other animals can live in deep parts of the ocean. ... from deep within the
Earth flows up to the surface and cools and forms new crust. ...
http://www.tenafly.k12.nj.us/~plobosco/Earth’s%20Oceans.ppt
71%
790. Evidences Study Notes #2

Potassium is about 1/40 of the earth's crust, and about 1/10, 000 of the potassium is potassium
40. Rubidium decays to strontium. Geologists explain the Kaupelehu date by the lava being cooled
rapidly in deep ocean water and not being able to get rid of it
http://www.hstantonsee.com./Evidences Study Notes 2.htm
71%
791. Fisheries, Issue 10, Evidence - September 23, 2009 - afternoon meeting
waters and the ocean. Obviously the Coast Guard plays a crucial role in the much ignored and
forgotten Arctic Ocean.
http://www.parl.gc.ca/40/2/parlbus/commbus/senate/com-e/fish-e/10evd-e.htm?language=e&parl
=40&ses=2&comm_id=7
71%
792. Geochemical Transactions | Full text | Reduction of nitrogen ...

Passive off-axis hydrothermal convection of seawater in older crust is in general a .... In
experiments at temperatures of about 250-325°C, CO+ NH3 adsorbed on zeolites .... Methane-rich
plumes in deep ocean waters are known to be linked to .... Upon the
http://www.geochemicaltransactions.com/content/10/1/9
71%
793. Geol 117 Lect 15

increases as T decreases. Importance to deep circulation in oceans: ... As we shall discuss later,
density of sea water increases as temperature decreases and ... (Heat flow from ocean crust is not
important, except maybe over mid-ocean ...
http://ijolite.geology.uiuc.edu/02Fallclass/geo117/lectures/Lect15.html
71%
794. GEOL205: Petrology

The older the ocean crust gets, the more dirt, grime, and ooze builds ... plume would not only
cause a temperature increase, but also would bring up deeper ...
http://www.uhh.hawaii.edu/~kenhon/GEOL205/petrology/default.htm
71%
795. Geological Society of America - Highlights from GSA Bulletin

By using 40Ar/39Ar thermochronology on the mineral mica and the fission track method on the
mineral apatite we were able to constrain the ascent of the domal rocks from original temperatures
of 350 °C in the middle crust to 60 °C, revealing a three-stage
http://rock.geosociety.org/news/pr/06-17.htm
71%
796. Global Correlations of Ocean Ridge Basalt Chemistry with ...
... of ocean ridge magmatism, which creates the ocean crust, results from ... temperature variation
requires continuous (vs discrete) TP increase from beneath deep ...
71%
797. Glossary
Continental shelf The zone bordering a continent extending from the line of permanent immersion
to the depth at which there is a marked increase in the downward slope which descends to the
deep ocean floor. Curie point The temperature above which a metal i
http://wps.pearsoned.co.uk/wps/media/objects/1971/2018356/glossary/glossary.html
71%
798. Goldschmidt Abstracts 2009 - W

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,73(13),p.A1398-A1457,Jun 2009 - ...Pacific sector of the
Southern Ocean below a depth of 4000 m. Such...within the abyssal Southern Ocean, and thus
could potentially...fluid cooling along a small temperature gradient coupled
drill=yes&md5=ae0270994d744cf0b719b64b49d9d5ab
71%
799. -heat flow ...

... that is, the rate of increase of temperature downward, is ordinarily obtained by measuring the
temperature ... The deep ocean floor is a thermally stable environment, generally ...
http://egeology.blogfa.com/post-613.aspx
71%
800. Highest pH? :: Geochemical Society

Probably the highest pH ever measured in the deep sea, and possibly in any natural ... The
upwelling serpentinite brings up fragments of subducted ocean crust ... basalt in response to
increasing temperature at depth from ~100-350°C. ...
http://www.geochemsoc.org/publications/geochemicalnews/gn141oct09/highestph.htm
71%
801. Howstuffworks "Exploring the Ocean Abyss"

The deep ocean is a world that seems as alien to ... and minerals from deep within the crust ... The
pace of undersea exploration is increasing, and the benefits of studying the ocean ...
http://science.howstuffworks.com/exploring-the-ocean-abyss-info.htm/printable
71%
802. http://remaya.blogspot.com/2010/07/blog-post.html
It is an Atlantic salmon that contains a growth hormone gene from a Chinook salmon as well as a
genetic on-switch from the ocean pout, a distant relative of the s almon....
http://remaya.blogspot.com/2010/07/blog-post.html
71%
803. Hugh Miller: 'First Impressions of England and its People' (1847) - 4...
By some the salt has been regarded as a volcanic product ejected from beneath ; by some, as the
precipitate of a deep ocean He "asked a salter," he tells us, "how many furnaces they had in all;
and the salter numbered them to an eighteen score, saying, tha
http://domain1041943.sites.fasthosts.com/miller/c_impressions_4.htm
71%
804. Hydrothermal Vents
It spouts a column of water heated by volcanic rock deep within the crust of the Earth. ... As the
vent water bursts out into the ocean, its temperature may be as high ... When the pressure on a
liquid is increased, its boiling point goes up. ... when the
http://www.ceoe.udel.edu/deepsea/level-2/geology/vents.html
71%
805. In the Beginning: Compelling Evidence for Creation and the Flood ...
... The Fountains of the Great Deep > The Origin of Ocean Trenches and the ... Because of this
contraction, the crust on the ... just as a balloon stretches when its radius increases.
http://www.creationscience.com/onlinebook/Trenches3.html
71%
806. Manganese nodule distribution

... 5 km Ocean crust: 8-65 km Temperature and pressure increase with ... of Deep-sea drilling
project: Sediment depth increases away from ocean ridges Sediment age and age of the crust ...
http://myweb.facstaff.wwu.edu/shulld/ESCI%20321%20PDFs/Lecture02-plates.pdf
71%
807. Microorganisms and the weathering of ocean crust at the seafloor

Santelli, C.M. / Bach, W. / Edwards, K.J.,Geochimica et Cosmochimica
Acta,70(18),p.A556-A556,Aug 2006 - ...Young basaltic crust is exposed on...the global mid-ocean
ridge system, where low-temperature fluid circulation...inhabiting seafloor ocean crust as
drill=yes&md5=e54ed17f25526188117266aba5943ae5
71%
808. Nd and Pb isotope evolution of deep water masses in the eastern Indian Ocean during
the past 33 Myr
Frank, M. / Whiteley, N. / van de Flierdt, T. / Reynolds, B.C. / O'Nions, K.,Chemical
Geology,226(3),p.264-279,Feb 2006 - ...SS663 from the central Indian Ocean, located some 2500
km SW of crust DODO 232D in the northern central Indian Ocean. In accordance
drill=yes&md5=368eb535c17219049f69114c513827a2
71%
809. Oil Volcano Pressure Too Strong For Containment?

This will allow the water, under the intense pressure at 1 mile deep, to be forced into the hole and
the cavity where the oil was. ... The temperature at that depth is near 400 degrees, possibly
more....
http://www.loveangeles.com/love_angeles/2010/06/oil-volcano-pressure-too-strong-for-containme
nt.html
71%
810. On the relationship between visual magnitudes and gas and dust production rates in
target comets to space missions
de Almeida, A.A. / Sanzovo, G.C. / Singh, P.D. / Misra, A. / Miguel Torres, R. / Boice, D.C. /
Huebner, W.F.,Advances in Space Research,39(3),p.432-445,Jan 2007 - ...in surface temperature
but also depends...state of the ocean with respect...2001). An incr
drill=yes&md5=c4eff5ffcafadf8eb58d533c9c92a1e9
71%
811. Orogeny
Nov 25, 1998 ... Descending plate is oceanic crust, overriding plate is a ... but increased melting
and mixing of magma with crustal rocks ... At 25 degrees per kilometer, the temperature at the
base of the crust, 40 kilometers deep, ...
http://www.uwgb.edu/dutchs/platetec/orogeny.htm
71%
812. Paul Noel: “If the sea floor collapses we could have a much bigger problem”
These deep deposits are very stable because the temperature and pressure are not unstable at
these locations....
http://www.infokriegernews.de/wordpress/2010/06/20/paul-noel-if-the-sea-floor-collapses-we-coul
d-have-a-much-bigger-problem/
71%
813. Petrology and geochemistry of the lower ocean crust formed at ...
Petrology and geochemistry of the lower ocean crust formed. at the East Pacific Rise and ... ocean
crust formed at the East Pacific Rise and exposed at Hess Deep: A ...
http://web.uvic.ca/~kgillis/coogan%20hess%20gcubed.pdf
71%
814. Reading for comprehension

... ensues [5]. And with each round of the game, the distortion only increases....
http://geophysics.vox.com/library/post/reading-for-comprehension.html
71%
815. STRUCTURE OF THE EARTH

2. deep in the Earth, because of high pressure and temperature, ... ocean crust and is so much
thicker, it always. overrides the oceanic crust - topography ...
http://www.eas.slu.edu/People/KChauff/earth_systems/ESYS2-2000.pdf
71%
816. The hysteresis properties of multidomain magnetite and

titanomagnetite/titanomaghemite in mid-ocean ridge basalts
Wang, D. / Van der Voo, R.,Earth and Planetary Science Letters,220(1),p.175-184,Mar 2004 - ...60
) and its low-temperature alteration product...carriers in mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB...within
the oceanic crust [1-3] . It is thought...during early high-t
drill=yes&md5=9f24939b2a3a4cafafb7c6779de714ff
71%
817. The importance of water to oceanic mantle melting regimes

The formation of basaltic crust at mid-ocean ridges and ocean islands provides a window ... deep
water-enhanced melting and/or an increase in potential ...
http://darkwing.uoregon.edu/~drt/Classes/Geophysics607_F05/Asimow_Langmuir_Nature.pdf
71%
818. Thermocline - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The temperature of the deep ocean drops gradually with depth. ... The coldest air is next to the
ground, with air temperature increasing with height. ...
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermocline
71%
819. Wapedia - Wiki: Mantle (geology)
Jun 16, 2009 ... Although the higher temperatures far exceed the melting points of the mantle
rocks ... There exists increasing pressure as one travels deeper into the mantle , ... Oceanic crust is
generally less than 10 kilometers thick. ...
http://wapedia.mobi/en/Mantle_(geology)
71%
820. Worst Case Scenario?

more....
http://autobiographyofapolarbear.wordpress.com/2010/06/19/worst-case-scenario
71%
821. "Apocalypse Now"

more....
http://thecaptiansquarters.blogspot.com/2010/06/forbidden-to-tell-masses.html
70%
822. [PDF]Fluids from the Oceanic Crust Support Microbial Activities ...
temperature increased linearly with depth, from ~2. ?. C in surface sediment to ~65 ...... tween
oceanic crust and overlying sediments to support deep ...
http://www.informaworld.com/index/790136193.pdf
70%
823. [PDF]Ocean Drilling Program Scientific Results Volume 147

inversely correlated with temperature, seems to increase with precip- .... salts from Deep Sea
Drilling Project Holes 417A and 417D. In Donnelly, ... Agents of low temperature ocean crust
alteration. Contrib. Mineral. ...
http://www-odp.tamu.edu/publications/147_SR/VOLUME/CHAPTERS/sr147_016.pdf
70%
824. [PDF]Stephen A. Nelson Structure of the Earth and the Origin of ...
Jan 24, 2002 ... but not about the properties of the Earth deep in the interior. ... of the basaltic
oceanic crust would require nearly 100% melting, ... decay, and this is the general reason why
temperature increases with depth in the ...
http://geology.rutgers.edu:16080/~feigy/Geol331/earths_interior.pdf
70%
825. [PDF]THE OCEAN AND CRUST OF A RAPIDLY ACCRETING NEUTRON STAR ...
limit), we –nd the minimum temperature in the deep crust ...... lines) and an iron ocean (dotted
lines). In order of increasing —ux at the top ...
http://iopscience.iop.org/0004-637X/496/2/915/pdf/0004-637X_496_2_915.pdf
70%
826. 2 - plate tectonics a first look

... rising magma, volcanoes Subduction, deep ... Oceanic crust. Mid-ocean ridge (b) Ocean trench.
Asthenosphere ... be similar throughout the mantle, Earth temperature and pressure increase ...
http://www.scribd.com/doc/20705844/2-plate-tectonics-a-first-look
70%
827. 2000 News | The Astrobiology Web | Your Online Guide to the Living Universe
21 February 2002: Rock-eating microbes survive in deep ocean off Peru, Texas A&M University.
"Rock-eating microbes survive in deep ocean off Peru Way down deep in the ocean off the coast of
Peru, in the rocks that form the sea floor, live bacteria that don
http://www.astrobiology.com./2002.news.html
70%
828. Agriculture, Issue 2, Evidence

Proceedings of the Standing Senate Committee on Agriculture and Forestry Issue 2 - Evidence
OTTAWA, Thursday, November 21, 2002 The Standing Senate Committee on Agriculture and
Forestry
http://www.parl.gc.ca/37/2/parlbus/commbus/senate/com-e/agri-e/02ev-e.htm?language=e&parl=
37&ses=2&comm_id=2
70%
829. Anatomy of a Cambrian suture in Gondwana: Pacific-type orogeny in southern India?

Santosh, M. / Maruyama, S. / Sato, K.,Gondwana Research,16(2),p.321-341,Oct 2009 -
...juxtaposition of deep seated rock...Mozambique Ocean must have...surrounding lower
temperature portions of...Neoproterozoic-Cambrian crust-scale shear...Mozambique Ocean
drill=yes&md5=fbdbaca86354f4cd45108422c3e96383
70%
830. Archean mafic-ultramafic volcanic landmasses and their effect on ocean-atmosphere

chemistry
Kamber, B.S.,Chemical Geology,274(1),p.19-28,Jun 2010 - ...nutrients to the ocean, as well as...of
Ni to the ocean and brought to...Earth surface temperature. Hot mantle...upper continental crust
(UCC) normalization...intermediate to deep ocean water shows
drill=yes&md5=712ae770e96665baaa09f17bfd824003
70%
831. AST 101WW - Quiz II

b. Different materials condense at different temperatures. c. They formed at different times. d.
There is no good explanation as to why they are composed of different materials. 30. New oceanic
crust on the Earth is:
http://student.ccbcmd.edu/courses/astm101c/unit2/astquiz2.html
70%
832. ATMOSPHERIC CHANGE AND CLIMATE CHANGE

Geologic record of ocean storm intensity (storm bed [tempestite] thickness) ... in deep ocean may
be governed by Antarctic (polar) ocean stratification. ...
http://www.geo.arizona.edu/palynology/geos462/22climatmo.html
70%
833. believe that only you can create a miracle

Algae tolerate a wide range of temperatures and can be found growing in hot springs, on snow
banks, or deep within polar ice....
http://diamalhotra.blogspot.com/2010/06/algae-algae-are-diverse-group-of-simple.html
70%
834. blue.utb.edu
rr. increase in temperature moves towards gas. Which is the most ordered state of ... Which part of
the oceans is actually continental crust? mid-ocean ridge. seamounts. deep ocean trench
http://blue.utb.edu/paullgj/geol1403/exams/ex1summ02.htm
70%
835. Boron contents of serpentinites and metabasalts in the oceanic ...

*0 This fractionation decreases with increasing temperature and time of exposure ... of boron
during serpentinization at deeper levels in the oceanic crust. ...
http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0012821X70901007
70%
836. CHAPTER 30 THE OCEANS

to one theory, all the Earth's crust floats on a central liquid core, and the portions ... Temperature.
Temperature. in the ocean varies widely, both. horizontally and with depth. ...
http://www.nga.mil/MSISiteContent/StaticFiles/NAV_PUBS/APN/Chapt-31.pdf
70%
837. Deep Sea Diving Physiology

Dec 15, 2009 ... It is possible to date the ocean crust as the plates move apart and spread over ....
As pressure increases and temperature decreases calcium ...
http://www.bluehadiving.com/deep-sea-diving-physiology/
70%
838. ES 106 200 7 April 23-27 Sea Floor Tectonics, Ocean chemistry ...
b. Part of continental crust—flooded by ocean. c. Various widths worldwide—up to 1500 km ...
more abyssal plains where there are no deep-ocean trenches along ...
http://www.wou.edu/~brownk/ES106/ES106.2007.0423.SeaFloorTectonics.pdf
70%
839. Evidence of a large upper-Cretaceous depocentre across the Continent-Ocean boundary

of the Congo-Angola basin....
Anka, Z. / Seranne, M. / Primio, R.d.,Marine and Petroleum Geology,27(3),p.601-611,Mar 2010 -
...submarine canyon-deep-sea fan system...of the oceanic crust beneath C1 deposits...Burial history
and temperature evolution for...the Continent-Ocean boundary o
drill=yes&md5=b18b27b64d387bf834c42522efee7def
70%
840. Feedbacks between mantle hydration and hydrothermal convection at ocean spreading
centers
Iyer, K. / Rupke, L.H. / Morgan, J.P.,Earth and Planetary Science Letters,296(1),p.34-44,Jul 2010 -
...hydration of the crust and cold lithospheric...flow through the ocean floor thereby links...Earth
and the global ocean. Many previous...alteration of the
drill=yes&md5=f5e397386b5a59b97b5f775d1dbca9f8
70%
841. Geol 117 Review Exam 2

3. Respiration in deep ocean controls CaCO3 saturation (CCD) Respiration releases CO2 -->
increases [H+] Deep waters become undersaturated in CaCO3 -- it dissolves! formation and uplift
of new continental crust.
http://ijolite.geology.uiuc.edu/02Fallclass/geo117/Exam2Review.html
70%
842. Geology: Geothermal Gradients - CliffsNotes
The Ocean Floor ... The internal temperature of the earth increases with depth ... far exceeds the
melting temperatures for all rocks at that depth. Since the crust and ...
http://www.cliffsnotes.com/WileyCDA/CliffsReviewTopic/Geothermal-Gradients.topicArticleId-9605,
articleId-9561.html
70%
843. Gulf War Doomsday Scenarios

(Helium) by Terrence Aym Disturbing evidence is mounting that something frightening is happening
deep under the waters of the Gulf of Mexico—s...
http://goodmorningfloridakeys.com/?p=2813
70%
844. Hawaiian Islands weather details & Aloha paragraphs / June 21-22, 2010
The following maximum temperatures were recorded across...
http://www.hawaiiweathertoday.com/?p=7036
70%
845. Heat shock protein 60 induces inflammatory mediators in mouse adipocytes

Gulden, E. / Mollerus, S. / Bruggemann, J. / Burkart, V. / Habich, C.,FEBS
Letters,582(18),p.2731-2736,Aug 2008 - ...the initial accretion of the tholeiitic crust (Sequence
III-VIII), which is divided...evaluating the yields (as a function of temperature a
drill=yes&md5=fbdb5a5f0766222b9b5a0db27fe89427
70%
846. Lithium and lithium isotope profiles through the upper oceanic crust: a study of
seawater-basalt exchange at ODP Sites...
Chan, L.-H. / Alt, J.C. / Teagle, D.A.H.,Earth and Planetary Science Letters,201(1),p.187-201,Jul
2002 - ...isotopes in the upper ocean crust and provides a basis...crustal material in the deep
mantle. lithium isotopes oceanic crust alteration seawater...c
drill=yes&md5=e918b5d7f8f27fc63cf550e883418299
70%
847. Mars Was Wet, But Was It Warm?

“On the greenhouse problem, we’re just drifting into deeper and deeper complexity. ... Kasting said
the surface of Mars is mainly basalt – a hard crust that would be comparatively resistant to
erosion....
http://spaceplex.com/2010/06/02/mars-was-wet-but-was-it-warm/
70%
848. Melt-rock reaction in the lower oceanic crust and its implications for the genesis of
mid-ocean ridge basalt
Lissenberg, C.J. / Dick, H.J.B.,Earth and Planetary Science Letters,271(1),p.311-325,Jul 2008 - ...in
the lower oceanic crust and its implications for the genesis of mid-ocean ridge basalt C. Johan...of
MORB. Keywords mid-ocean ridge basalt lower oceanic c
drill=yes&md5=846a6949a47d0072c3d3217874549b18
70%

Was this area covered by an ocean at some time in the past? Was this ocean 10,000 feet deep? ...
increasing depth of burial, accompanied by an increase in temperature, ...
http://www.uh.edu/~jbutler/physical/chapter1notes.html
70%
850. Nature of Geothermal Energy - Utah Geological Survey

Generation of new oceanic crust at spreading centers such as the mid-Atlantic ... water with
heating due to the normal increase in temperature with depth. ... result of deep circulation along
major faults in a region of high heat flow. ...
http://geology.utah.gov/emp/geothermal/nature_of_geothermal_energy.htm
70%
851. No Title
For example, there is growing evidence that microbes living deep in the crust may be converting
carbon into forms that can migrate to the surface -- notably methane. Global warming could
destabilise some deep carbon reserves, notably in clathrates -- ice l
http://www.precaution.org/lib/08/prn_dhn080529.htm
70%
852. Ocean Tipping Point? . NOW on PBS

Our foreign policy and domestic policy make me very angry, sick, and ... The differences between
her experiment and the real life ocean and polar ice are so ...
http://www.pbs.org/now/shows/527/oceans-climate-change.html
70%
853. Oil Volcano Pressure Too Strong For Containment

more....
http://www.nwofighters.org/oil-volcano-pressure-too-strong-for-containment/
70%
854. Oil Volcano Pressure Too Strong For Containment...

more....
http://medi8ing.wordpress.com/2010/06/15/oil-volcano-pressure-too-strong-for-containment
70%
855. permafrost2 ...314 jpg

500x314 - 51.2kB
http://www.blog.thesietch.org/2009/06/01/melting-arctic-tundra-contributes-to-warmer-world
70%

Furthermore, after increasing the temperature of the oceans, much of the ocean ... earth's surface
temperature, tilt and rotation, atmosphere, ocean, and crust ... His hand are the deep ...
http://www.icr.org/article/61/
70%
857. Platetectonics.eu
The lithosphere contains both crust and some mantle. A given piece of mantle may be part ...
times, depending on its temperature, pressure and shear strength. ...
http://www.platetectonics.eu/
70%
858. Proc. IODP, 309/312, Site 1256

Ocean crust formed at a superfast spreading rate: deep drilling of ocean basement in Hole ... that
reacted with seawater at low temperatures ... K), but there is a significant increase in ...
http://publications.iodp.org/proceedings/309_312/103/103_.htm
70%
859. Review of dynamicsEkman layer dynamicsRegional ...

... of temperature and salinity. At temperatures above about 5°C it decreases with increasing
temperature and ... In most deep ocean situations salinity does not change enough to ...
http://oceanografia.cicese.mx/cursos/sco/chapter01.html
70%
860. Tanganyika: Latest Victim Of Deceptive "Cap & Trade's" Economic Assault
Furthermore, there are various species of life which exist rather amiably in temperatures of over
400 degrees Fahrenheit in the deep ocean where they thrive in volcanic v ents on the sea floor....
http://www.factbat.com/blog/2010/5/19/tanganyika-latest-victim-of-deceptive-cap-trades-economic
-as.html
70%
861. The Abyss

As you proceed down, the pressure increases 15 pounds ... discoveries were made on the deep
ocean floor 500 miles off ... changed the surrounding water (at 2°C) to temperatures ...
http://seagrant.gso.uri.edu/factsheets/abyss.html
70%
862. The rise of continents-An essay on the geologic consequences of photosynthesis

Rosing, M.T. / Bird, D.K. / Sleep, N.H. / Glassley, W. / Albarede, F.,Palaeogeography,
Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology,232(2),p.99-113,Mar 2006 - ...mantle, continents, ocean and
atmosphere...altered basalt crust and sediments...vestiges of Earth's crust
drill=yes&md5=bf184493748ccd501b6aceddd16a9784
70%
863. The role of TiO2 phases during melting of subduction-modified crust: Implications for
deep mantle melting
Bromiley, G.D. / Redfern, S.A.T.,Earth and Planetary Science Letters,267(1),p.301-308,Mar 2008 -
...Pressure (GPa)/temperature(ôC) 2.0/1200...subduction-modified crust: Implications for deep
mantle melting...in Earth's deep mantle. Ancient...subduction-mo
drill=yes&md5=3af2eddf267e3ae9cbb6fbd4d8035341
70%
864. The Wilson Cycle- A Poster.doc

Ocean-floor plates may slide under continental plates, sinking deep into the ... notice that the
continental crust is considerably thicker than the ocean crust. ...
http://csmres.jmu.edu/geollab/pyle/GEOL367/Final_Guide[3].doc
70%
865. Threatening Correspondence ?

Take a deeper look at what really is going on....
http://www.joabbess.com/2010/06/24/threatening-correspondence
70%
866. WHAT THE U.S. SCIENTISTS ARE FORBIDDEN TO TELL THE MASSES AS TO THE GULF
more....
http://doctorjamespwickstrom.blogspot.com/2010/06/what-us-scientists-are-forbidden-to.html
70%
867. [DOC]Honors Earth Science Study Guide

Water temperature also decreases as you increase latitude (move towards the poles). ... crust
which is denser will subduct, noted features will be a deep ocean ... In this situation new ocean
crust is formed. Noted features will be rift ...
http://mysciencespace.com/documents/Honors%20Semester%201%20Study%20Guide.doc
69%
868. [PDF]Upper Oceanic Crust to Gabbro Transition 4 Mission Moho: ...

There is a stepwise increase in alteration grade downward from lavas into dikes, with low
temperature phases ...... experience in deep ocean crustal drilling, complementing ..... mining the
distribution of rock type, temperature, and ...
http://www.icdp-online.org/upload/pdf/scientific%20drilling/SDjournal_no4_07_final_web.pdf
69%
869. [PPT]Ms. Magee's 8th Grade Science

Temperature increases as depth increases. Pressure also increases as depth increases ... A deep
ocean trench forms where the oceanic crust bends downward. ...
http://sciencemindblast.net/files/Plate_Tectonics_subduction.ppt
69%
870. 12
And only have a single ocean. (2) The super continent then broke up ... geologists, geophysicists,
oceanographers from the ocean floors and the underlying crust. ...
http://www.d.umn.edu/~tzhu/geog1414/plate%20tectonics-2.htm
69%
871. A long in situ section of the lower ocean crust: results of ODP Leg 176 drilling at the
Southwest Indian Ridge
Dickâ, H.J.B. / Natland^b, J.H. / Alt^c, J.C. / Bach^c, W. / Bideau^c, D. / Gee^c, J.S. /
Haggas^c, S. / (...) / Holm^c, P.M.,Earth and Planetary Science Letters,179(1),p.31-51,Jun 2000 -
...TX 77845-9547, USA Ocean Drilling Program...in gabbroic lower oc
drill=yes&md5=14b9529e4d9eee56fb994bbbfa29e087
69%
872. A Transatlantic Crossing with the Queen Mary 2

... n the rough North Atlantic, with a design which sacrificed revenue-producing volume and lower
construction costs of the traditional cruise ship for the required safety, s peed, and stability of the
ocean liner....
http://www.floridalandflip.com/a-transatlantic-crossing-with-the-queen-mary-2
69%
873. An Adventure In The Magic Space

The mast colored crust, deep blue ocean and white atmosphere are found in the ... According to its
temperature, the atmosphere can be divided into the following ...
http://activity.ntsec.gov.tw/space/EN/Show.asp?XH26
69%
874. animal rights motorcycle gang

The few exceptions have tectonic origins where plate movements have lifted the deep ocean floor
on the surface....
http://www.thenoblevoice.us/animal-rights-motorcycle-gang/
69%
875. AST 101WW - Quiz II

b. Different materials condense at different temperatures. c. They formed at different times. d.
There is no good explanation as to why they are composed of different materials. 30. New oceanic
crust on the Earth is:
http://student.ccbcmd.edu/courses/astm101c1/unit2/astquiz2.html
69%
876. Biological pump processes in the cryopelagic and hemipelagic Arctic Ocean: Canada
Basin and Chukchi Rise
Honjo, S. / Krishfield, R.A. / Eglinton, T.I. / Manganini, S.J. / Kemp, J.N. / Doherty, K. / Hwang, J. /
(...) / Takizawa, T.,Progress in Oceanography,85(3),p.137-170,Jun 2010 - ...Locations of
deep-ocean, bottom-tethered moorings...in the Eastern Arctic O
drill=yes&md5=be899d92162c4b397f70250b2c3c12d2
69%
877. Carbonate veins reveal chemistry of ancient seawater

... veins are common in upper ocean crust, where they precipitate from low temperature (100 C ...
by several decades of scientific deep-ocean ... We attribute the increases in seawater Sr/Ca ...
69%
878. CHAPTER 3 PLATE TECTONICS

This occurs as old oceanic crust is subducted into the mantle at deep-ocean ... c. the increase in
heat flow through the oceanic crust as you move closer to ...
http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/dl/free/0074444333/118964/chapter3.pdf
69%
879. Debates - Issue 5 - February 10, 2004

Debates of the Senate (Hansard) 3rd Session, 37th Parliament, Volume 141, Issue 5 Tuesday,
February 10, 2004 The Honourable Dan Hays, Speaker SENATORS' STATEMENTS The
Honourable
http://www.parl.gc.ca/37/3/parlbus/chambus/senate/deb-e/005db_2004-02-10-e.htm?language=e
&parl=37&ses=3
69%
880. Deep biosphere research points to new methods for recovering ...
ASU researchers are using a novel approach to uncover the source of organic compounds found
deep within Earth's crust; in the process, new ideas will be tested about ...
http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2008-10/asu-dbr100708.php
69%
881. Deep drilling in the Earth's Crust [Archive] - Straight Dope ...
Is the bottomhole temprature increase a function of depth (greater ... one of the mid-ocean ridges,
where the ocean crust is already thin. ...
http://boards.straightdope.com/sdmb/archive/index.php/t-53680.html
69%
882. Earth's Interior and Evidence for Plate Tectonics

1. As temperature increases towards the center of the Earth rocks become much less ... exactly the
opposite effect on the viscosity of materials as does increasing temperature. ...
http://core.ecu.edu/geology/woods/EARTHsINTERIOR.htm
69%
883. Environment » Introduction to the Deep Sea Environment

Jul 8, 2010 ... Also generally speaking the older the ocean crust the further away from the .... As
pressure increases and temperature decreases calcium ...
http://www.awegrint.org/introduction-to-the-deep-sea-environment/
69%
884. eScholarship: The oceanic crust in 3D: Paleomagnetic ...

This is a unique exposure of deep crustal rocks formed at both an inside-corner .... According to
their interpretation, the high temperature component of ..... These vectors exhibit a gradual
increase in the amount of rotation about a ...
http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/6xm7n29z?display=all?display=all
69%
885. From the greenhouse to the icehouse: a Southern Ocean perspective of ...
... samples of sediments, crust, and ... less than 10,000 years) increase in high-latitude Southern
Ocean SST with peak values in excess of 20 |degrees~ C, and deep sea temperatures as ...
http://www.thefreelibrary.com/From+the+greenhouse+to+the+icehouse:+a+Southern+Ocean+p
erspective+of...-a015383427
69%
886. Geochemistry of Jurassic Oceanic Crust beneath Gran Canaria (Canary ...
Portions of the Jurassic ocean crust have trace element and ... and Quaternary mafic lava flows
and come from Deep Sea ... will also serve to widen the isotopic range of the crust (increase ...
69%
887. Geosphere Background

The increase in temperature and pressure with depth and the melting temperature of the ... older
ocean crust is found with increasing distance from the ...
http://www.math.montana.edu/~nmp/materials/ess/geosphere/background/index.html
69%
888. Geothermal gradient - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Heat sources · Heat flow ·
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geothermal_gradient
69%
889. House of Commons Committees - ENVI (39-1) - Edited Evidence - Number 025 (Official
Version)
Section Home Publications - November 9, 2006Evidence| Minutes Options Back to committee
meetings 39th PARLIAMENT, 1st
SESSION Standing Committee on Environment and Sustainable Development
http://www2.parl.gc.ca/housepublications/publication.aspx?docid=2497915&language=e&mode=1
&parl=39&ses=1
69%
890. http://encomwthrcontrl.blogspot.com/2006/11/interesting-method-of-stopping.html
... ail into the eye of the storm and use a siphon of cool ocean water from below....
http://encomwthrcontrl.blogspot.com/2006/11/interesting-method-of-stopping.html
69%
891. Hydrothermal fluxes at mid-ocean ridges and on ridge flanks

Alt, J.C.,Comptes Rendus Geoscience,335(10),p.853-864,Sep 2003 - ...mass at mid-ocean ridges
and on...fluxes in high temperature axial systems...rocks sampled by deep ocean drilling
are...anomaly in ocean crust occurs at low...correlations between temperat
drill=yes&md5=66c9d6485034d84b3ff3c235256b48b7
69%
892. Incorporation of seawater into mid-ocean ridge lava flows during emplacement
Soule, S.A. / Fornari, D.J. / Perfit, M.R. / Ridley, W.I. / Reed, M.H. / Cann, J.R.,Earth and Planetary
Science Letters,252(3),p.289-307,Dec 2006 - ...of glass in a lobate crust (3968-4). The small
circle...surface of the upper lava crust. Mineral phases i
drill=yes&md5=80faa97771a340a8d64d38a576789d64
69%
893. Kola Superdeep Borehole - Gravity Wiki

With the expected further increase in temperature with ... and chemical composition of the deep
crust and ... was intended to penetrate the shallow crust under the Pacific Ocean ...
http://gravity.wikia.com/wiki/Kola_Superdeep_Borehole
69%
894. Lecture Notes for Igneous Rocks - Georgia Southwestern State ...
Temperature could be increased by moving material deeper within the earth or by .... It is the
dominant component of oceanic crust and oceanic islands. ...
http://itc.gsw.edu/faculty/tweiland/igneous.htm
69%
895. Mantle (geology) - Wikipedia on Ask.com

The mantle is a part of a terrestrial planet or other rocky body large enough to have differentiated
by density. The interior of the Earth, similar to the other terrestrial planets, is chemically di... View
article on Wikipedia »
http://www.ask.com/wiki/Mantle_(geology)
69%
896. Mesozoic - New World Encyclopedia

The formation of new crust beneath the surface displaced ocean waters by as much ... C in the
deep ocean, may have been too warm for sea life and land ...
http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Mesozoic
69%
897. Metamorphic Grade - Metamorphic Rocks And Facies, Types Of ...

In general, as the pressure and temperature increase so does the texture, ... pulling, or
subducting, rock deep into zones of immense pressure and temperature . ... high-grade
metamorphism produced when oceanic crust containing magnesium ...
http://science.jrank.org/pages/4268/Metamorphic-Grade.html
69%
898. NAS reports: 50 million year cooling trend | Watts Up With That?
As it moved, it shoved the ocean crust that ... decay which would drive the deep ocean
temperature? ... deg rise we cause in the temperature due to the direct effects of increasing CO2
...
http://wattsupwiththat.com/2008/09/25/nas-reports-50-million-year-cooling-trend/
69%
899. NASA: The 12-month running mean global temperature has reached ...
Jun 3, 2010 ... I asked him to look at the Global Land-Ocean Temperature graphs included above.
... This can be compared to a median projected increase in the 2003 study of just 2.4 degrees. .....
Much of this CO2 has been sequestered in the Earth's ocean,
http://climateprogress.org/2010/06/03/nasa-giss-james-hansen-study-global-warming-record-hotte
st-year/
69%
900. OBSERVATION AND MODELING OFA BURIED MELT-FREEZE CRUST

A similar phenomenon is the temperature crust, which forms in ... amass of warm moist air from
over the Pacific Ocean ... end of the col-umnwithalower%cut) while an increasing temperature ...
http://www.issw2008.com/papers/P__8172.pdf
69%
901. Ocean Energy and Mineral Resources

Marine hydrothermal minerals are found in the deep ocean volcanos on oceanic ridges and island
arc systems. The cobalt-rich manganese crusts found on the flanks of most of the 50, 000-plus
extinct volcanic seamounts in the Pacific Ocean are hydrogenetic de
http://www.yoto98.noaa.gov./yoto/meeting/energy_316.html
69%
902. Poems and descriptions by the Insjmoezer

But about the existence of oil, gas and coals in the earth's crust underneath of the deep oceans,
what we humans cannot reach, the insjmoozer come to the following conclusion.
http://insjmoezer.nl/desc2_eng.htm
69%
903. Re: At what depth in the earth can you reach a constant, ...
The mantle extends beneath the crust to about 2900 km (1800 miles) deep. ... So, in order to get
any real increase in temperature, you still have to dig ...
http://www.madsci.org/posts/archives/2002-03/1017275290.Es.r.html
69%
904. Science Test Chapter 13 flashcards | Quizlet

Feb 21, 2008 ... what tempature zone bottom layer extends from the base to the bottom of the
ocean ... what is made up of oceanic crust? deep ocean basin ...
http://quizlet.com/190979/science-test-chapter-13-flash-cards/
69%
905. StateMaster - Encyclopedia: Plate tectonics

Study of the deep ocean floor was critical to development of the theory; the field of deep sea ...
from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature, ... Tectonic plates can
include continental crust or oceanic crust, ...... explained by
http://www.statemaster.com/encyclopedia/Plate-tectonics
69%
906. Strontium isotope constraints on fluid flow in the upper oceanic crust at the East
Pacific Rise
Gillis, K.M. / Coogan, L.A. / Pedersen, R.,Earth and Planetary Science Letters,232(1),p.83-94,Mar
2005 - ...versus ancient crust The sheeted...recovered at Ocean Drilling...with Hess Deep
([39]and...similar to Hess Deep dikes, however...differences in temp
drill=yes&md5=371d54a6c553334174364d69c5f4e2f5
69%
907. Structure of the Earth - Wikipedia on Ask.com

The interior structure of the Earth , similar to the outer, is layered. These layers can be defined by
either their chemical or their rheological properties. The Earth has an outer silicate solid cr... View
article on Wikipedia »
http://www.ask.com/wiki/Structure_of_the_Earth
69%
908. The ''chessboard'' classification scheme of mineral deposits: Mineralogy and geology
from aluminum to zirconium
Dill, H.G.,Earth Science Reviews,100(1),p.1-420,Jun 2010 - ...hydrothermal Fe mineralization on
the seafloor of the Pacific Ocean (Sonne 62 Cruise) (source: U. Siewers). a) Black smoker...rock
reactions (uptake of Fe) while percolating through the crust. A
drill=yes&md5=c285038f7a6853d070de5f94d4cb476d
69%
909. The Machine in Neptune's Garden : Book reviews : Journal for Maritime Research
During the 1870s an argument had raged in Britain between W.B. Carpenter and James Croll about
the driving force behind the circulation of the deep ocean, Carpenter advocating water density
differences while Croll favoured wind driven surface currents.
http://www.jmr.nmm.ac.uk/server/show/conJmrBookReview.86
69%
910. TOTAL MEDIA BLACKOUT ON GULF OIL SPILL and FAA Closes Airspace over the Gulf
... crust is between 80,000 to 100,000 barrels per day....
http://www.nwofighters.org/total-media-blackout-on-gulf-oil-spill-and-faa-closes-airspace-over-the-
gulf/
69%
911. TYPES OF ROCKS

Typically, the melting is caused by one or more of three processes: an increase in temperature, a
decrease in pressure, or a change in composition....
http://angela-soraca.blogspot.com/2010/05/types-of-rocks.html
69%
912. Welcome To Marshall Hydrothermal

Deep ocean pressures force seawater through cracks in the crust of the earth, ... output
temperature at the surface and a 20°C ambient temperature. ...
http://www.marshallsystem.com/complete.htm
69%
913. [PDF]Deep Water Gulf of Mexico High Gamma Ray Shales and Their ...
Alginate shales on oceanic crust and deepwater indicate worldwide crises, ... increase in
atmosphere. ? Lower oxygen atmosphere creates kill off, allows minerals .... temperature
differentiation and loss of oceanic circulation. ...
http://www.searchanddiscovery.net/documents/2009/40416sercombe/ndx_sercombe.pdf
68%
914. 16
For a given density of seawater, when temperature increases, the percent of salinity also increases.
16....
http://matnmatn.blogfa.com/post-8.aspx
68%
915. A Great Carbon Dioxide Burp

If this theory is correct, we would expect to see large transfers of carbon from the ocean to the
atmosphere at the end of each ice age or glacial period. ... If correct, this theory provides evidence
of a large release of carbon dioxide that suddenly and
http://blog.cleantechies.com/2010/06/01/great-carbon-dioxide-burp
68%

ocean liner....
http://www.qqxqb.com/index.php/archives/3975
68%

... he required safety, speed, and stability of the ocean liner....
http://glacierbaytoilets.net/a-transatlantic-crossing-with-the-queen-mary-2/
68%
918. Advective flow through the upper continental shelf driven by storms, buoyancy, and
submarine groundwater discharge
Moore, W.S. / Wilson, A.M.,Earth and Planetary Science Letters,235(3),p.564-576,Jul 2005 -
...recognized in sealed boreholes deep in the ocean crust established by the Ocean Drilling
Program[9]. Models...storm-driven flow through deep layers of permeable s
drill=yes&md5=9c2102806143817de0584bdb221f2cf0
68%
919. A-Level Geography Room

An increase in temperature of 10 degrees Celsius can double or triple the ... oceanic crust and the
rigid upper mantle. The lithospheric plates float and move over ...
http://www.fed.cuhk.edu.hk/geo/AL/core/landform/tipEssay.html
68%
920. Are there Oceans on Other Planets?

Brief and Straightforward Guide: Are there Oceans on Other Planets? ... from Titan, there are
probably liquid oceans deep beneath the crust of ice moons like Europa. These moons ...
http://www.wisegeek.com/are-there-oceans-on-other-planets.htm
68%
921. Brazilian and African passive margins of the Central Segment of the South Atlantic
Ocean: Kinematic constraints
Aslanian, D. / Moulin, M. / Olivet, J.L. / Unternehr, P. / Matias, L. / Bache, F. / Rabineau, M. / (...) /
Contrucci, I.,Tectonophysics,468(1),p.98-112,Apr 2009 - ...the first typical ocean crust
(pre-break-up position...the South Atlantic Ocean. Part of t
drill=yes&md5=f38a67ea10fd203e5e2f1708d36560e1
68%
922. Carbon cycle - New World Encyclopedia

Apr 3, 2008 ... In addition, increased global temperatures would warm the oceans, ... Giant
larvacean houses: Rapid carbon transport to the deep seafloor. ...
http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Carbon_cycle
68%
923. Carbonate Veins Reveal Chemistry Of Ancient Seawater ...

In a study published this week in Science, researchers describe a novel method for reconstructing
past ocean chemistry using calcium carbonate veins that precipitate ...
http://www.redorbit.com/news/science/1819482/carbonate_veins_reveal_chemistry_of_ancient_se
awater/index.html
68%
924. Chapter 1:Science and the Human Prospect

Biologists specializing in deep life have discovered bacteria living up to five miles within the Earth's
crust, some thermophiles (heat lovers) such as Bacillus infernus can survive temperatures They can
survive extremely high temperatures and live deep wi
http://home.honolulu.hawaii.edu/~pine/book1qts/chapter1pl.html
68%
925. Chapter 2
b. are marked by deep-ocean trenches whenever at least one of the plate edges is ... of dense
oceanic crust that can be subducted into the mantle, and ...
http://www.mhhe.com/earthsci/geology/duxoceans/student/studyguide/chapter2.doc
68%
926. Coral reef

The few exceptions have tectonic origins where plate movements have lifted the deep ocean floor
on the surface....
http://www.2voyage.com/coral-reef.html
68%
927. Delamination of lower crust

... normal” temperatures if ... The net effect is a density increase to up to ... evidence for recycled
crust in the sources of mid-ocean-ridge ...
http://www.mantleplumes.org/LowerCrust.html
68%
928. Dissolved aluminium and the silicon cycle in the Arctic Ocean
Middag, R. / de Baar, H.J.W. / Laan, P. / Bakker, K.,Marine Chemistry,115(3),p.176-195,Aug 2009 -
...circles) and Deep Eurasian Basin Water (DEBW) and Deep Makarov Basin...graph: potential
temperature (ôC) versus salinity for the deep Nansen, Amundsen...S
drill=yes&md5=ef65e9c4ff0733eb9c7a08c27f46b6e4
68%
929. Divergent Boundaries: Origin and Evolution of The Ocean Floor

In the name “mid-ocean ridge,” what is perhaps ... Why does thickness of the oceanic lithosphere
increase with ... that have produced the components of the oceanic crust by ...
http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_tarbuck_earth_8e/47/12121/3103129.cw/-/3103155/index.html
68%
930. Formation of Mineral Resources in the South and Equatorial ...

crust spreading rate, and the nature of divergent and convergent ... also to efficiently increase the
range of accessible goods and service of Nature ...
http://www.cprm.gov.br/seminar.marine_minerals/abstracts/Abstract_Formation_Mineral_Resource
s_in_the_South_and_Equatorial_Atla.pdf
68%
931. GENERAL KNOWLEDGE Pt. II

Unless heated to a very high temperature, the contents of the cavities do not emerge....
http://wave-mechanics.materialgeek.com/general-knowledge-pt-ii
68%
932. Geomicrobiology of deep, low organic carbon sediments in the Woodlark Basin, Pacific
Ocean
Wellsbury, P. / Mather, I. / Parkes, R.J.,FEMS Microbiology Ecology,42(1),p.59-70,Oct 2002 - ...of
extremes of temperature, fluid incursions...importance of deep acetate metabolism...to the zone of
ocean floor spreading...incursions or high temperature the
drill=yes&md5=906b78c93a4fad99df2c8b5947cfa104
68%
933. Goldschmidt Abstracts 2009 - M

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,73(13),p.A809-A924,Jun 2009 - ...is of high- temperature
hydrothermal...Arunta Block crust at that time...the Arctic Ocean (Outridge et...dissolve in deep
formation...in 500?C temperature in the mixture...high fO2 and temp
drill=yes&md5=d6396950b7e715268eaf857bfe6f7ce3
68%
934. Gravity Control Idealism: August 2006

http://gravityc-idealism.blogspot.com/2006_08_01_archive.html
68%
935. How Our Planet Formed

... path, from about twenty degrees north to twenty degrees south, the water in the steamy
atmosphere began to condense and fill two oceans, a North Ocean and a South O...
http://arthurearle.blogspot.com/2010/05/how-our-planet-formed_28.html
68%
936. Life in Extreme Water Environments - sea, depth, oceans, temperature ...
For high temperatures, this environment ... Measured within the crust, lithospheric pressure
increases at a rate ... environments, such as deep in the ocean or in ...
http://www.waterencyclopedia.com/La-Mi/Life-in-Extreme-Water-Environments.html
68%
937. mantle is believed to be the A) rotation of the Earth B) subsidence of ...

Which property of the oceanic crust ... D) The temperature of the basaltic rock increases as
distance from the mid-ocean ridge increases. 1008 - 1 ... According to the diagram, the deep ...
http://reviewearthscience.com/subjects/es/review/topic-spec/Ptectonics.pdf
68%
938. OBSERVATION AND MODELING OF A BURIED MELT-FREEZE CRUST ...

the temperature crust, which forms in warm conditions un ... gradients, typical of a deep
snowpack, are lacking. The goals of this study are twofold: ...
http://www.ucalgary.ca/asarc/files/asarc/CrustEvolution_Issw08_Smith.pdf
68%
939. Ocean Floor

... thickness of ocean sediment increase away from ridge Magnetic Patterns in Ocean Floor ... Using
your large World Map, the smaller "Climate Map" in the lower right ... _ What is the age of the
oldest oceanic crust in the Pacific Ocean? ... What the Ocea
http://www.coursehero.com/keyword/ocean-floor/
68%
940. OceanLink
A: The sequence of layers is crust, outer core, inner core ... and biosphere. D: Temperature,
pressure and density increase. ... 4: The deep ocean province: A: Does not include the deep sea ...
http://science.jbpub.com/oceanlink/practice_quizzes.cfm?chapter=2&step=2
68%
941. OCEANOGRAPHY 201

... Ocean. 18. The seafloor-spreading hypothesis was confirmed by the Deep Sea Drilling Project,
which determined that the age of the oceanic crust increases ... temperature of ocean ...
http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/oceanography/courses_html/OCN201/exams/F1998E1.pdf
68%
942. Outln Ch12

... of chemical processes and features, and their variations in the ocean; ... increase) or reversed
halocline (overridden by a stronger temperature decrease) ...
http://www.tamuk.edu/geo/Jordan/f02/es1/co/coch12.htm
68%
943. Outln Ch12

Sediment thickness and variety both tend to be much less in the deep ocean, where only ... in a
deep ocean area is about 1 km, and this rests on areas of old oceanic crust. ...
http://www.tamuk.edu/Geo/Jordan/MAJCourses/Fall_1999/ES1/coch12.htm
68%
944. Recharge flux to ocean-ridge black smoker systems: a geochemical estimate from ODP
Hole 504B
Teagle, D.A.H. / Bickle, M.J. / Alt, J.C.,Earth and Planetary Science Letters,210(1),p.81-89,May
2003 - ...upper oceanic crust, which can...assemblages from deep drill cores into the ocean crust
indicate a...1 Fig. 1 Temperature [27] and Sr-isotopic...incr
drill=yes&md5=342d2bb988625812119e61fd3b176e1d
68%
945. Reconstructing Past Seawater Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca from Mid-Ocean ...
Feb 26, 2010 ... CCVs are formed as seawater flows through the upper ocean crust on ... and
indicate increased fluid-rock interaction with increasing temperature. .... Our data suggest that the
low Sr/Ca ratio of deep sea carbonates ...
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/327/5969/1114
68%
946. Redlands Institute // Salton Sea // Science of the Area

Where cooler, dense ocean crust crashes against ... each time, creating a lake over 300 feet deep
... As elevation increases, the cooler temperatures support different species.
http://www.institute.redlands.edu/salton/ecology/science.aspx
68%
947. Reuters AlertNet - Deep-sea volcanoes play key climate role ...
... CO2 capture * Iron-rich waters from volcanoes crucial to global climate * Iron helps tiny
CO2-absorbing plants bloom in oceans By David Fogarty ...
http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/SGE62E03D.htm
68%
948. Royal Society Stunner: "Observations suggest that the ongoing rise in global average
temperatures may already be eliciting a haz
... y global warming with temperature increases of over 12°C predicted for much of North America
and Northern Asia....
http://climateprogress.org/2010/04/19/global-warming-link-volcanoes-earthquakes-landslides-tsuna
mis-royal-society-scientists
68%
949. Shearing instabilities accompanying high-pressure phase transformations and the

mechanics of deep earthquakes.
Green, Harry W,Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of
America,104(22),p.9133-9138,May 2007 - Deep earthquakes...The combined increase of pressure
and temperature with depth...pressure and temperature and growing...sliding i
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_ui
ds=17468397
68%
950. Stresses induced by the addition or removal of overburden

An increase in temperature (positive DT) induces a compressional ... crust is determined by the
vertical distribution of radioactive heat elements and the ...
http://geophysics.ou.edu/geomechanics/readings/haxby/index.html
68%
951. The effect of plume processes on the Fe-isotope composition of hydrothermally derived
Fe in the deep ocean as inferred from the
Severmann, S. / Johnson, C.M. / Beard, B.L. / German, C.R. / Edmonds, H.N. / Chiba, H. / Green,
D.R.H.,article,Jan 2004 - ...N MAR Deep Sea Research...Abstract High-temperature
hydrothermal...occurs in all ocean basins and...Fe ratios increase progressivel
http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/11073/
68%
952. The Great Story Timeline of the Epic of Evolution

3.8 bya the first LIFE (Archaea) evolves in a very hot environment, possibly at great depth within
Earth's crust or at hydrothermal fissures in the floor of the deep oceans. Early MAMMALS continue
to diversify, but most still get no bigger than squirrel-si
http://www.thegreatstory.com/timeline.html
68%
953. The oceanic crust in 3D: Paleomagnetic reconstruction in the Troodos ophiolite gabbro
Granot, R. / Abelson, M. / Ron, H. / Agnon, A.,Earth and Planetary Science
Letters,251(3),p.280-292,Nov 2006 - ...4 0 53 -44 The oceanic crust in 3D: Paleomagnetic
reconstruction...deformation of the upper crust by new paleomagnetic data...is a unique expo
drill=yes&md5=5a1fd0f6c503fe230b428b9598d0f815
68%
954. The origin and nature of Titan's methane reservoir

Stevenson (1990) proposed that a 1000 metre deep ocean could be effectively concealed within
the pore spaces of a three kilometre deep regolith; this regolith being composed of impact
fractured fragments of water ice crust. In order for the methane to surv
http://www.ucl.ac.uk/EarthSci/research/planetary/undergraduate/dom/weathering_titan/chap6.htm
68%
955. THE QUR'AN AND SCIENCE

Say: 'If both men and jinn banded togetherto produce the like of this Qur'an,they could never pr
http://learningfromquran.blogspot.com/2010/06/quran-and-science.html
68%
956. The State, Potential Distribution, and Biological Implications of ...

... of Methane in the Martian Crust ... is constrained by the increase in crustal temperature and ...
1998) , and in the low-temperature, high-pressure conditions found on the deep ocean ...
http://www.mdswater.com/pdfs/4_methaneimplications.pdf
68%
957. Too many fossils for a global flood [Archive] - TheologyWeb Campus
39. John M. Hunt, "Distribution of Carbon in Crust of the Earth," American Association of Petroleum
Geologists, 56:11(1972), p. What we observe is coal on the continents but NO coal anywhere in the
deep ocean basins. J.M. Hunt, ""Distribution of Carbon in
http://www.theologyweb.com/campus/archive/index.php/t-11339.html
68%
958. [DOC]Oceanography Study Guide Answers

Continental crust is less dense than oceanic crust so it rides higher on the ... If water evaporates
from the ocean, salinity would increase because less water ... deep water currents are driven by
density differences due to temperature ...
http://teach.beavton.k12.or.us/~sara_morton/Oceanography/Oceanography%20Study%20Guide%
20Answers.doc?FCItemID=S0BB8F082
67%
959. A new geochemical approach for constraining a marine redox condition of Early
Archean
Nakamura, K. / Kato, Y.,Earth and Planetary Science Letters,261(1),p.296-302,Sep 2007 - ...the 3.7
Ga ocean (Rosing and...carbonate-rich ocean rather than...for anoxic deep-sea in the...in oceanic
crust as it is subjected...during low-temperature alteratio
drill=yes&md5=a6f9e9ec084ad84ba2f7b74a025662fe
67%

ocean liner....
http://foodcartbiz.com/a-transatlantic-crossing-with-the-queen-mary-2
67%
961. Alone in the dark: geodynamics without seismic velocities

in deep basins, depth to the Moho, petrological composition, temperature regime and ... and
continent-ocean transition at the NW Australian Margin) are underlain by anomalously ...
http://www.earthbyte.org/Events/ChapmanConference/AbstractsReceived/AbstractFiles/Goncharov.
pdf
67%
962. An integrated kinematic and geochemical model to determine lithospheric extension

and mantle temperature from syn-rift...
Dean, S.M. / Murton, B.J. / Minshull, T.A. / Henstock, T.J. / White, R.S.,Earth and Planetary Science
Letters,278(1),p.26-39,Feb 2009 - ...and synrift mantle temperature can be inferred...the initial
mantle temperature and source composition...added to the
drill=yes&md5=c8eae97866f77671c4c690513be281cf
67%
963. Chapter 3
On average, the ocean is about 4000 m deep. and contains 40,000 GtC ... and the deep ocean
below 1000 m. Its. waters circulate between surface and deep. layers ...
http://www.fossil.energy.gov/programs/sequestration/publications/1999_rdreport/chap3.pdf
67%
964. Characteristics of a kilometer-scale high strain zone in the lower continental crust: Mt.
Hay block, central Australia
Waters-Tormey, C. / Tikoff, B.,Journal of Structural Geology,29(4),p.562-582,Apr 2007 - ...Arunta
Strain localization Lower crust Competency 1 Introduction Strain...naturally deformed ductile crust
is critical information needed...syndeformational changes
drill=yes&md5=8bbbbf2e749cb1fd359c65698b6d5a3c
67%
965. CLASS 5: ORIGIN OF MAGMA INTRODUCTION

The most obvious is a local increase of temperature, just as ice melts ... form when sedimentary
rock is carried deep into the ... by partial melting of basalt and gabbro (i. e. ocean crust ...
http://earth.unh.edu/esci401/docs/class_5.pdf
67%
966. Cold Facts on Global Warming

Of course, this 33 degree increase in temperature is not caused simply by ... ocean surface caused
by the small increases in ocean temperature that ...
http://brneurosci.org/co2.html
67%
967. Deep submergence potential science
ROV's can provide less expensive access to the deep ocean. ... With increasing pressure and
temperature, dehydration reactions in the deep crustal and ...
http://www.unols.org/committees/dessc/papers/science_justification.html
67%
968. Environment - carbon

The ocean crust completes this cycle over 100-200 million years and it has ... of C from the surface
to the deep ocean reduces the CO2 in the surface waters ...
http://www.lifesciences.napier.ac.uk/teaching/Env/Ccycle.html
67%
969. Geochemistry of mid-Cretaceous Pacific crust being subducted along the

Tonga-Kermadec Trench: Implications for the...
Castillo, P.R. / Lonsdale, P.F. / Moran, C.L. / Hawkins, J.W.,LITHOS,112(1),p.87-102,Sep 2009 -
...alkalic samples compare to ocean island basalts (OIB...variations of the basaltic crust lavas.
(a)87Sr...fields for depleted mid-ocean ridge basalt mantle...
drill=yes&md5=ba0954c9f59c8ee284968b2efcb106ae
67%
970. Global warming

There were no mountain ranges or deep oceans. The hot water would have contained a lot of ...
that it would cause an increase in earthquakes and volcanoes, and ...
http://www.erichufschmid.net/Global-warming/Global-warming.html
67%
971. Global Warming - What's really going on?? - Climate Prize?! - $25M [...
"If it gets cold, ice caps form, chemical weathering decreases, carbon dioxide accumulates in the
atmosphere, which increases the greenhouse effect and surface temperatures. If it gets hot, the
rate of chemical weathering increases, the rate of burial of s
http://imaginativeworlds.com/forum/archive/index.php/t-6983.html
67%

Deep Ocean Circulation the slow circulation of water at ... in the ocean is determined by salinity
and temperature ... liquid and solid water of the Earth's upper crust, ocean ...
http://oceanworld.tamu.edu/text_only/resources/glossary.htm
67%
973. Grade 8 Earth Science Review

As you go deeper temperature and pressure increase, but at different rates. ... Old crust is being
swallowed up in ocean trenches at the same time so the ocean bottom is ...
http://www.angelfire.com/nj/PflommScience/GepaRvwNotes.htm
67%
974. KEY
Ocean temperature increases with depth. Ocean temperature is the same at all depths. ... craters
and deep cracks just like the Moon. Which is NOT a way oceanographers gather new ...
http://www.northgatech.edu/gystc/Assessment/Benchmarks/Key%20Oceanography5th%20grade.d
oc
67%
975. Ocean 2 | TutorVista | web
Tidal and ocean Thermal energy Tidal energy: The rise of sea water due to ... and ocean
circulation, and to enable more accurate weather, ocean and ...
http://www.tutorvista.com/ks/ocean-2
67%
976. ODP Legacy: Scientific Results: Leg Summaries

ODP Legacy describes the contributions in earth science and ocean drilling technology of the Ocean
Drilling Program (ODP) and Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP)
http://www.odplegacy.org/science_results/leg_summaries/Leg193/
67%

The diagram below shows the increase in temperature at 1 my intervals (dots) as ocean crust
ranging in age from 5 my ... If the latter, does it just disappear into the deep mantle ...
http://www.le.ac.uk/geology/art/gl209/lecture6/lecture6.html
67%
978. Quantitative assessment of chemical and mineralogical changes due to progressive

low-temperature alteration of East...
Schramm, B. / Devey, C.W. / Gillis, K.M. / Lackschewitz, K.,Chemical
Geology,218(3),p.281-313,May 2005 - ...School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University...have
focused on low-temperature alteration of the oceanic crust, nevertheless little...processes of
drill=yes&md5=9ee265b5eb98a687ee34de4d61654a80
67%
979. Reference for Mantle (geology) - Search.com

Although the higher temperatures far exceed the melting points of the mantle ... There exists
increasing pressure as one travels deeper into the mantle, ... to the relative thinness of the oceanic
crust as compared to the significantly ...
http://www.search.com/reference/Mantle_(geology)
67%
980. Renewable Energy - V.Divya & P.Sashanka

... arth’s crust in some places of the globe or from some meters in geothermal heat pump in all the
places of the planet. ... Flash plants take hot water, usually at temperatures over 200 °C, out of the
ground, and allows it to b...
http://www.yuvaengineers.com/?p=495
67%
981. Science and Holy Quran

God supported His last Prophet Muhammad with many miracles and much evidence which proved
that he
http://guidetochoose.blogspot.com/2010/05/god-supported-his-last-prophet-muhammad.html
67%
982. Serpentinization of abyssal peridotites at mid-ocean ridges

Mevel, C.,Comptes Rendus Geoscience,335(10),p.825-852,Sep 2003 - ...peridotites at mid-ocean
ridges Serpentinisation...the oceanic crust generated...as the low temperature serpentine...a
volume increase. It results...the oceanic crust affects its...with hi
drill=yes&md5=52639239a11752e1dfe6278a989579f5
67%
983. Solid-Earth Sciences and Society

The basaltic ocean crust extends to ... The effect of an increase in temperature is to ... as the
inaccessible ocean floor, continental lower crust, and the even more inaccessible deep ...
http://www.nap.edu/books/0309047390/html/47.html
67%
984. Temperature control of continental lithosphere elastic thickness, Te vs Vs

Hyndman, R.D. / Currie, C.A. / Mazzotti, S. / Frederiksen, A.,Earth and Planetary Science
Letters,277(3),p.539-548,Jan 2009 - ...to several other temperature constraints. The...9
(Left)Teversus temperature fromVs,compared...There is a rapid increase in mod
drill=yes&md5=4fb05dcdf313d70b270c653ebb775fe3
67%
985. The fate of Earth's ocean

of the mantle and crust, the geophysical and rheological. properties of materials that ... the
atmosphere and the oceans, the appearance and evolution ...
http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/5/569/2001/hess-5-569-2001.pdf
67%
986. The very early thermal state of Terra Cimmeria: Implications for magnetic carriers in
the crust of Mars
Ruiz, J.,Icarus,203(2),p.454-459,Oct 2009 - ...thickness of the magnetized crust. Fig. 6 Curie depth
as a function of Curie temperature calculated fork=2Wm...85muWm-3, a surface temperature of
0ôC, and hydrostatic...thickness of the magnetized crust. The
drill=yes&md5=6e060cfb57c6c30efde4da8fa8145278
67%
987. Titanic - Resting or Reacting?

... of factors typical of a deep ocean ... Fe2O3) forms a porous crust ... Also, gas solubility
increases while salt solubility decreases as temperature decreases. At 4km below the ocean’s ...
http://www.docstoc.com/docs/9677731/Titanic---Resting-or-Reacting
67%
988. Tools & Resources: Geology Glossary - CliffsNotes

aa flow a lava flow that develops a partially solidified surface as it moves forward, ... fault on the
ocean floor that separates crustal plates and generates new ocean crust. ...
http://www.cliffsnotes.com/WileyCDA/Section/Geology-Glossary.id-305499,articleId-60081.html
67%
989. Volcanoes, Magma, and Volcanic Eruptions

As pressure increases in the Earth, the melting temperature changes as well. ... Basalts make up
most of oceanic crust and only mantle underlies the crust. .... In general, magmas that are
generated deep within the Earth begin to rise ...
http://www.tulane.edu/~sanelson/geol204/volcan&magma.htm
67%
990. WADATI zone doesn't mean the dive phenomenon of the plate
... to the deep place, temperature is recovered, and low temperature areas decrease. ...
phenomenon inside the crust.The frequency of the deep earthquake is small, and ...
http://www.ailab7.com/sinpatueigo.html
67%
991. Why a Rocky Mountain High? - University of Utah News Release: ...
Jun 22, 2007 ... Elevation increases in a given area could provide notice – tens of millions of years
in advance – of volcanic processes beginning to awake deep in the lithosphere, he adds. ... New
ocean floor crust is produced by volcanic eruptions at
http://www.unews.utah.edu/p/?r=062207-1
67%
992. Yellowstone
The divide is a topographic feature that separates Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Ocean water
drainages....
http://www.bn-b.info/2010/05/yellowstone.html
67%
993. YouTube - National Geographic - How Volcanoes Form

New oceanic crust is being formed by hot molten rock slowly cooling and solidifying. ... or
submerges under the continental plate forming a deep ocean trench just offshore. ... The
temperature of the plume causes the crust to melt and form pipes, ... Which
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jRfEGvp6wDU
67%
994. ????
Water vapor exists deep below and can sometimes be seen through clear spots in the clouds. ...
Deep in the atmosphere, the pressure and temperature increase, compressing the hydrogen gas
into a liquid....
http://felfelclass.blogfa.com/post-24.aspx
66%
995. [DOC]21 Convergent Plate Boundaries

Seismicity at convergent margins occurs in a zone extending down deep ... Magma is generated by
dehydration of oceanic crust and partial melting of the mantle. 7. Metamorphism is produced by
increase in temperature and/or pressure at ...
http://www.merritt.peralta.edu/Projects/40231/Instructor%20Notes/imch_21.doc
66%
996. [DOC]Plate Tectonics is the paradigm that holds that the earth's ...
Within the earth, the temperature increases regularly and predictably with depth ... by relatively
young oceanic crust formed at the divergent boundary. ... ( e.g. the Mariana trench in the western
Pacific Ocean is 11.04 km deep). ...
http://ees.uno.edu/lab_manuals/documents/2008/lab8platetectonics/Plate%20Tectonics%20lab%2
0notes.doc
66%
997. [PDF]Name: Date: 1. Which of the following statements regarding the ...
New oceanic crust is created at ______. A) subduction zones. B) deep-sea trenches ... What is the
average rate at which temperature increases with depth in ...
http://www.geol.lsu.edu/jlorenzo/PhysicalGeology_S2009/exam_stuff/mterms_09/MidtermExam2_2
.pdf
66%
998. [PDF]SCD142_3
done through the oceanic crust rather than through the continental crust because oceanic ... (4)
density decreases, but temperature and pressure increase. 500 Points: ... Shallow-water fossils are
found in rock layers that are deep ...
http://theedugame.com/newsite/dl/premade/physical_science/SCD142_3.pdf
66%
999. 3.0 When Oceans Rusted

Before we proceed to probe through the very deepest and darkest recesses of geological time, we
must first dispense with this comfortable fiction....
http://finstofeet.wordpress.com/2010/03/19/3-0-when-oceans-rusted
66%

ocean liner....
http://www.palm-tree-lamps.info/a-transatlantic-crossing-with-the-queen-mary-2
66%

ocean liner....
http://www.winespages.info/wp/article/a-transatlantic-crossing-with-the-queen-mary-2/
66%
1002. American Journal of Science

Sulfate is removed as anhydrite into ocean crust during high temperature hydro ... Neoproterozoic
oxidized the deep ocean, leading to the accumulation ...
http://dcess-odense.sdu.dk/publications/pdf/Canfield%20AJS%202004.pdf
66%
1003. Catastrophic Plate Tectonics IV

... of the great deep hit the greater volumes of cold, ocean water and cooled rapidly. ... and
volcanic activity as described in Joel 2 and Acts 2 will increase: And I will display ...
http://www.creationinthecrossfire.com/Articles/CatastrophicPlates4.html
66%
1004. Coastal Flooding and Rising Sea Levels

What is the median temperature at both poles in April and how far is the ... The deep-sea beds
where the crust of the Earth is relatively thin will give first and ...
http://www.grantchronicles.com/astro45a.htm
66%
1005. EARTH, A PLANET

... ouse” of man. From space the earth looks like a ball of Big Blue stirring white clouds over the
ocean blue....
http://www.mortonbuildings.org/earth-a-planet.html
66%
1006. Ecology
[33] [edit] Ecological niche Main article: Ecological niche Termite mounds with varied heights of
chimneys regulate gas exchange, temperature and other environmental p...
http://sunatia.wordpress.com/2010/04/25/ecology
66%
1007. Evidence for hydrothermal venting in Fe isotope compositions ...

These results suggest that the Fe cycle in the deep ocean is decoupled from that ... A second crust
located within 100 km of the. first IB sample does not ...
http://www.geology.wisc.edu/~unstable/PDF/Chu_et_al_2006_EPSL.pdf
66%
1008. Glencoe Online Science Quiz Chapter

What is the temperature change in Earth's crust called? ... happens to the water temperature as
depth increases? ... 11. How deep is the deepest place in the ocean?
http://www.glencoe.com/qe/scienceOLC.php?qi=7366
66%
1009. Global warming

Southern ocean could slow global warming ... Russell and her colleagues conducted the study while
she was a researcher at Princeton University and the National Oceanic and ...
http://www.theallineed.com/ecology/06121805.htm
66%
1010. Homogeneity of the Earth's Mantle

Increasing temperature levels with depth have an average gradient of about 25 ... Again, the
descending oceanic crust along subduction zones has been highly ... very low degree melt and
generated under high pressure deep in the mantle. ...
http://www.geokem.com/homogen.html
66%
1011. How It Works: The Deepest Drill | Popular Science

Apr 1, 2010 ... If it detects a sudden increase in pressure, it can seal off select ... For deeper
ground penetration, where temperatures can exceed 500°F and .... Water is carried down with
oceanic crust into the mantle all the time. ...
http://www.popsci.com/technology/article/2010-03/deepest-drill
66%
1012. How Life Works: Biosphere as Process

MorningEarth celebrates the natural and majestic beauty that surrounds us every day. ... Ocean at
the plate boundary, the plates are moving apart, and new crust is being formed. ...
http://www.morning-earth.org/Graphic-E/Biosphere/Bios-process.html
66%
1013. http://manuel1599.blogspot.com/2010/02/global-warming-global-warming-is.html
Global Warming is the increase in the average temperature of Earth's near-surface air and oceans
since the mid-20th century and its projected continuation....
http://manuel1599.blogspot.com/2010/02/global-warming-global-warming-is.html
66%
1014. http://www.ocean.com/ > Science and Technology

... measure the temperature and salinity of the upper 2000 m of the ocean. ... ever detected
rupture in the earth crust. A fast and correct seismological recording and ...
http://www.ocean.com/category.asp?locationid=2&tabid=&subtabid=228&CatID=228
66%
1015. Jupiter, Jupiter Information, Facts, News, Photos - National ...
http://science.nationalgeographic.com/science/space/solar-system/jupiter-article.html
66%
1016. Karner's personal lecture notes for all lectures are posted here
Earth's ocean crust gets recycled; continental crust is too light to sink into the mantle ... changes in
density or temperature sends water from the surface to the deep ocean. ...
http://www.sonoma.edu/users/k/karner/S08.110.web/S08.110.lecturenotes.htm
66%
1017. MIT OpenCourseWare

Jan 2009 - ...also able to show increase as the number of...resistance and resilience increase if
there is more...causing a dramatic increase in CO2 in the atmosphere...already increasing the
temperature of the planet...look here in the ocean, my favorite
http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/biology/7-014-introductory-biology-spring-2005/video-lectures/7_01420
05L36.pdf
66%
1018. Name: ____________________ Page 1

Mar 2010 - ...B] b )) T = Temperature (K) R = gas...ice cores ?? Deep ocean crust patterns ??x
Record...productivity of the open ocean. Would you use...production will increase until year
70...Metabolic Process Deep-sea hydrothermal...
http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/civil-and-environmental-engineering/1-018j-ecology-i-the-earth-system-
fall-2009/exams/MIT1_018JF09_exam_1.pdf
66%
1019. Past, Present, and Future Temperatures: the Hockeystick FAQ ...
Frequently asked questions about global temperature trends, especially about the significance of
the well-known hockey stick graph.
http://www.ucsusa.org/global_warming/science_and_impacts/science/past-present-and-future.html
66%
1020. Review for Science 10 Provincial Exam - Earth Forces

Tectonic plates may contain continent and ocean crust or only ocean crust. ... contains the
continent of North America and about half of the ocean crust under ...
http://www.bcscta.ca/resources/Geoscience%20Review.pdf
66%
1021. Seasonal Solar Thermal Storage

Those are the times when the daily temperatures inside the structure are at or above comfort
temperatures without turning on the heat, 24 hrs a day. Think SUMMER....
http://levisenergyservice.com/2010/04/15/seasonal-solar-thermal-storage
66%
1022. Sensuous climate science: most beautiful curves on the planet

Hansen describes how the sun's brightness has increased . 4% over the past 65 million years, while
Earth has actually cooled, so the sun can't be the cause o ... As the continents move, Hansen says,
they can ride over ocean crust - which has massive amoun
http://hinessight.blogs.com/hinessight/2010/02/sensuous-climate-science-most-beautiful-curves-on
-the-planet.html
66%
1023. World Almanac for Kids
... flat abyssal plains of the deep-ocean ... the central parts of the mid-ocean ridges where new
crust ... that changes the salinity or temperature affects the density. Evaporation increases ...
http://www.worldalmanacforkids.com/WAK-Print.aspx?pin=x-oc004500a&chapter_id=5&spanish=
66%
1024. [PDF]Compositional Stratification in the Deep Mantle

of oceanic crust and lithosphere, plus small amounts of recycled continental .... both the
temperature and the thermal expansion coefficient, neither of which is ... assuming that the
intrinsic density increase in the lower layer is ...
http://quake.mit.edu/hilstgroup/MIT-HRVD2005/190405/Kellogg1999.pdf
65%
1025. Another wrinkle on observations of the Abyssal Ocean: Geothermal Heating

Apr 2005 - ...of the Abyssal Ocean: Geothermal Heating...flux out of the ocean bottom that
exceeded...the earth’s crust and being injected into the ocean like hot springs...often influence
temperature, salinity, and...tracers such as deep helium, which..
http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/earth-atmospheric-and-planetary-sciences/12-808-introduction-to-obser
vational-physical-oceanography-fall-2004/lecture-notes/course_notes_11.pdf
65%
1026. Bill McKibben - Eaarth

Making A Life On A Tough New Planet or Close but no cigar. (penultimate verse, a
http://whoami-whoareyou.blogspot.com/2010/05/bill-mckibben-eaarth.html
65%
1027. Carbon Cycle Processes

Temperature is another important consideration in many life processes, and ... of most metabolic
processes increase with temperature, but there is usually an ...
http://www.geosc.psu.edu/~dbice/DaveSTELLA/Carbon/c_cycle_processes.htm
65%
1028. Earth Facts 90

But El Azizia in Libya recorded a temperature of 136 degrees Fahrenheit (57....
http://factsandmorefacts-balayogi.blogspot.com/2010/03/earth-facts-90.html
65%
1029. Earthquakes, Supervolcanos - Shake, Rattle, and Roll!

Earthquakes are also caused by similar events in the earth’s mantel and deep crust that cause
volcanos....
http://cynics4bettertomorrow.org/wordpress/?p=52
65%
1030. Earth's Interior

Body waves can travel deep into the Earth; Surface waves can only travel very near the .... greatly
from place to place, and oceanic crust is pretty uniformly 5 km thick. ... zone in the upper mantle,
caused by increasing temperature with depth. ... This i
http://geophysics.ou.edu/solid_earth/notes/seismology/seismo_interior/seismo_interior.html
65%
1031. Finally, a word from the other side

Going from the red line to the dashed orange line, though the amount of absorbing gas increases
by a factor of 10,000, the total absorption increases only by about a factor of three....
http://polymath07.blogspot.com/2010/03/finally-word-from-other-side.html
65%
1032. Geology 111 - A3 - Global geology at the turn of the century

earth's crust and mantle, and how it has implications for virtually every aspect ... The crust is
approximately 5 km thick under the oceans and 30 to 60 km thick on ...
http://records.viu.ca/~earles/geol111/lectures/notes02.pdf
65%

Deep-focus earthquakes occur only near the deep-ocean trenches where ... Sections of crust rise
and fall isostatically as temperature changes alter their density ...
65%
1034. Man & Nature

... with increasing temperature and pressure (i.e., increasing depth in ... by fracture, whereas rocks
in the deep crust and mantle undergo plastic flow or creep over geologic time ...
http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~leeman/Man&Nature.html
65%

Mar 2009 - ...connected to open ocean. 2. Sites of...the age of the ocean crust. a.
Relationship...results in density increase. b. Until approximately...reached the surface ocean.
Normal weathering...the passage of deep waters). It turns out...Earth's surf
http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/earth-atmospheric-and-planetary-sciences/12-740-paleoceanography-s
pring-2008/lecture-notes/lec14.pdf
65%
1036. movie 2010

They are unexpectedly drawn into Narnia when a painting of a ship on the wall of Lucy's room
comes to life, and the three children fall into the ocean to be rescued b y the Dawn Treader....
http://soum-rout.blogspot.com/2010/04/movie-2010.html
65%
1037. Ocean Floor Water

Explain the ocean's layered temperature and salinity structures. ... ocean temperature is cooled
with evaporation while ocean salinity is increased. ... along almost the entire rim of the Pacific,
deep trenches are formed as crust is ...
http://www1.fccj.cc.fl.us/pacrews/oceans2.htm
65%
1038. ODP Legacy: Scientific Results: Leg Summaries

http://www.odplegacy.org/science_results/leg_summaries/Leg176/
65%
1039. Polar ocean strati?cation in a cold climate

the role of temperature in polar ocean density structure so as to ... the exchange between the
surface and deep ocean is reduced in the. Subarctic Paci?c ...
http://geoweb.princeton.edu/people/faculty/sigman/paperpdfs/Sigman04all.pdf
65%
1040. Potential Questions
... in the deep sea, and explain how natural radiocarbon can be used to determine deep ocean " ...
at the equator and at 30° N and discuss the reasons for any observed differences. ...
http://sci.odu.edu/oceanography/academics/grad/comps_questions_only.doc
65%
1041. recent earth quakes past 80 days - Science a GoGo's ...

I still worry most about Turkey (and region); and I wonder if warmer oceans might have warmed
the crust enough to increase earthquakes. ...
http://www.scienceagogo.com/forum/ubbthreads.php?ubb=showflat&Number=24580
65%
1042. rock_cyle.html
As new oceanic crust is created at a seafloor spreading center, the seafloor on ... the pressure and
temperature on the lower sediment layers increases. ... Artistic view of processes that create
deep-ocean sediments, by C. DeMets. ...
http://www.geology.wisc.edu/courses/g112/rock_cycle.html
65%
1043. Special Feature: A novel microbial habitat in the mid-ocean ...

Although there is little evidence for a global deep biosphere such as envisioned by ... Samples of
low-temperature, basalt-hosted diffuse fluids had higher .... All samples were monitored for
increase in fluorescence at 440 nm when excited ..... Within the
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC30109/
65%
1044. Spring Ahead

The daffodils in the front garden have emerged, and the world is starting to look greener as the
temperatures climb closer to 60....
http://donnakusman.blogstream.com
65%
1045. Summary: The Internet of Things (McKinsey Quarterly)

In this way, these managers are increasing their ability to make constant routing adjustments that
reduce congestion costs and increase a network’s effective capacity....
http://ngkung-netmedia.blogspot.com/2010/03/summary-internet-of-things-mckinsey.html
65%
1046. Wikipedia:Ocean current - Global Warming Art

Jun 3, 2010 ... Deep waters sink into the deep ocean basins at high latitudes where the
temperatures are cold enough to cause the density to increase. ...
http://www.globalwarmingart.com/wiki/Wikipedia:Ocean_current
65%
1047. . : Environmental News :: Faculty of Environment and Resource ...

... deep ocean during the ice ages, and that pulses or burps of CO2 from the deep Southern ...
temperature increase that would make the ice sheets melt leading to rising oceans and ...
http://www.en.mahidol.ac.th/eng/envi_news/envi_news_full_e.php?id=1124
64%
1048. [DOC]21 Convergent Plate Boundaries

Seismicity at convergent margins occurs in a zone extending down deep into ... Magma is
generated by dehydration of oceanic crust and partial melting of the mantle. Metamorphism is
produced by increase in temperature and/or pressure at ...
http://www.merritt.edu/Projects/40231/Instructor%20Notes/imch_21.doc
64%
1049. [DOC]Natural Science Chapter 5 TEST

____ 33. Crust sinks deeper into the mantle as a result of increased crustal ... higher strains. b.
higher temperature. d. lower altitude. .... ____ 62. A collision between continental crust and
oceanic crust formed the ...
http://www.hawley.k12.mn.us/download/832/Natural%20Science%20Chapter%205%20practice%
20test%20to%20be%20posted%20on%20the%20internet.doc
64%
1050. [PDF]Deepwater Technology in the International Ocean Drilling Program

the composition of ocean crust Layer 2, and demonstrated that ocean drilling was indeed critical to
... pressure in the pipe is increased until the corer is shot into the sediment. ... temperature,
commonly occur in deep water below the ...
http://www.onepetro.org/google/Papers/SPE/eLibrary_Papers/otc/2000/00OTC/OTC-12179-MS/OT
C-12179-MS-P.pdf?id=OTC-12179-MS&soc=OTC
64%
1051. [PDF]DOI: 10.1126/science.287.5451.269 , 269 (2000); 287 Science et ...

Jan 25, 2007 ... term decrease in deep-ocean temperature of. 12°C over the past 50 My. Moreover,
the .... 18O increase at this time can be attributed to an .... this Mg by exchange for Ca from the
oceanic crust. ...
http://earth.geology.yale.edu/~avf5/teaching/Files_pdf/Lear2000.pdf
64%
1052. [PDF]On the forcing mechanism for the H2-driven deep biosphere
Fetot increases from 0.15A0.05 to 0.45A0.15 within the first 10–20Ma. ..... higher-temperature
alteration assemblages at depths down to ..... Biological mediation in ocean crust alteration: how
deep is the deep biosphere? Earth Planet. ...
http://journals.cambridge.org/production/action/cjoGetFulltext?fulltextid=2121404
64%
1053. 8th Grade Geology Introduction

Divergent Plate Boundary – Oceanic: When a divergent boundary occurs beneath oceanic
lithosphere, the rising convection current below lifts the lithosphere p roducing a mid-ocean ridge.
... Extensional forces stretch the lithosphere and produce a deep fiss
http://masonscience.wordpress.com/2010/02/04/8th-grade-geology-introduction/
64%
1054. Astronomi
"Water vaporizes from the oceans and rivers forming tiny clouds....
http://shellasdiary.blogspot.com/2010/02/astronomi.html
64%
1055. Bacteria: The Space Colonists. by Brig Klyce

The bacteria that survived on the moon suffered huge monthly temperature swings ..... Metal can
increase the ability of the enzymes to fix broken chromosomes. .... 15-foot hypodermic needles
provide evidence for vast oceanic crustal ... Rock-Eating Microbe
http://www.panspermia.org/bacteria.htm
64%
1056. Chapter 5 Structure and Plate Tectonics
b. Observed that the ocean sediment thickness indicated that the ocean (260 Ma) was much ...
core mantle boundary, increase temperature causes decreased density. ...
http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~jdwright/Historical/Chap.05.htm
64%
1057. CHAPTER 8
Nov 2007 - ...many areas the Earth’s crust is unstable, and undergoes...salinity lower than the
open ocean, with restricted access to...coasts. Throughgoing strong ocean currents impinging from
the adjacent deep ocean dominate sediment movement...
http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/earth-atmospheric-and-planetary-sciences/12-090-special-topics-in-eart
h-atmospheric-and-planetary-sciences-the-environment-of-the-earth-s-surface-spring-2007/lecture-
notes/earthsurface_8.pdf
64%
1058. CHOSEN: End Times Newsletter - Issue 130

Issue 130 COVER
http://endtimesnews.vox.com/library/post/chosen-end-times-newsletter---issue-130.html
64%
1059. Climate Warming as Caused by Denudation of Soil

It is proposed that loss of vegetation is an important cause of climate warming and loss of carbon
resources is the most important reason for not using oil and coal.
http://charles_w.tripod.com/climate.html
64%
1060. Composition Of The Crust

Below the crust is the mantle, a dense, hot layer of semi-solid rock ... and denser than the crust
because temperature and pressure inside the earth increase with ...
http://www.angelfire.com/moon/geo/crust.html
64%
1061. Earth structure - The crust, The mantle and deep interior ...
The crust and mantle are silicates and the core is predominantly iron. The crust and ... origin,
structure, and composition from the crust beneath the oceans. ...
http://science.jrank.org/pages/47534/Earth-structure.html
64%
1062. Foraminifera
The ocean shifts the coarser material in turbidity currents and there are ... the ocean crust with
thickness increasing as we move away from mid ocean ridges ...
http://foraminifera.net/
64%

http://sparkplugwires.org/spark-plug-wires/general-knowledge-pt-ii
64%
1064. Geological Society - Don Anderson joins the Caribbean Debate

Feb 2, 2010 ... Did it originate in the Pacific Ocean from a deep thermal ... Plume theory does not
predict the increase of magmatism with time ... Oceanic crust is not the only low-melting
component introduced ... the assertion that Caribbean crust requir
http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/gsl/geoscientist/pid/7169
64%
1065. Giant squid.

" These reversals in the equatorial Pacific cause changes in water temperature and climate over
several continents, often with catastrophic effects. ... I would immediately begin research on the
possibility that there may be something big going on deep bel
http://thomasdow.blogspot.com/2010/02/giant-squid.html
64%
1066. Next Decade Plan (2004 - 2013) | InterRidge :: International ...

Deep Earth Sampling. Global Exploration. The scientific questions which ... Deep holes in the ocean
crust and mantle require proper engineering and planning, ...
http://www.interridge.org/ja/science/nextdecade
64%
1067. Oceanography Test

temperature and current speed. composition and temperature. salinity and temperature. Where ...
What two factors affect the density of ocean water and cause deep currents? ...
http://school.discoveryeducation.com/quizzes16/dfarnsworth/OceanographyTest.html
64%
1068. Saturn's Enceladus Joins Earth & Titan With Discovery of Water
... pockets in Enceladus’ thick ice crust or still connected to a large ocean in contact with the rocky
core....
http://great-discoveries-channel.blogspot.com/2010/02/saturns-enceladus-joins-earth-titan.html
64%
1069. Save Your Planet

18 . . . that is forming a crust of some kind....
http://seo-fundamentals.blogspot.com/2010/02/save-your-planet.html
64%
1070. Sounding Out the Ocean's Secrets - Text View

Building on fishermen's and other seafarers' knowledge of the way ... ocean and studied how the
speed of sound varied with the temperature and pressure of the ...
http://www.beyonddiscovery.org/content/view.txt.asp?a=219
64%
1071. The Internet Of Things

In this way, these managers are increasing their ability to make constant routing adjustments that
reduce congestion costs and increase a network’s effective capacity....
http://www.eklectica.in/2010/03/internet-of-things.html
64%
1072. Trace element fractionation in deep subduction zones inferred ...

... known to increase the grossular component ... released from the subducted oceanic crust in
lawsonite eclogite facies. ... and higher-temperature ...
http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2006.08.009
64%
1073. Wikipedia:Mantle (geology) - Global Warming Art

The mantle is a highly viscous layer between the crust and the outer core. ... crust and mantle) and
the increase in temperature and pressure as one moves deeper into the Earth. ...
http://www.globalwarmingart.com/wiki/Wikipedia:Mantle_(geology)
64%
1074. Wind Energy Weekly

Renewable Energy DevicesSunsei CC-10000 10-Amp Solar Panel Charge Controller For SE-4000,
SE-6
http://www.renewableenergy247.com/wind-energy-weekly
64%
1075. Calspace - Glossary of Terms -

... a colder zone, since heating within the Earth produces a temperature increase downward within
the sediment. ... of radiocarbon in the deep ocean defines the age of deep water ...
http://earthguide.ucsd.edu/virtualmuseum/Glossary_Climate/gloss_m-r.shtml
63%
1076. CHOSEN: End Times Newsletter - Issue 128

Issue 128 COVER The Ministers Corner
http://endtimesnews.vox.com/library/post/chosen-end-times-newsletter---issue-128.html
63%
1077. ES 15 QUIZ 1
the seafloor near the ridge is older crust. d. natural catastrophes formed most of the ... ocean crust
while the asthenosphere represents continental crust. ...
http://www2.sunysuffolk.edu/hornj/PracticeTest1_ES15Fall20075830.htm
63%
1078. Fluids in the Solid Earth

M. Santosh,Dec 2008 - ...the continental crust on the surface...If high temperature, adiabatic
upwelling...infiltrate the crust. However, mantle...the apparent increase in pressure through...water
into the deep earth. Since...transports high temperature an
http://www.scitopics.com/Fluids_in_the_Solid_Earth.html
63%
1079. Freeman-Lynde GLY409/609 Ocean Sediments

3. Wind - definitely aeolian principally off deserts (see deep sea clay below) ... ocean. i. solubility
increases with increasing pressure, decreasing temperature, ...
http://rfreeman.myweb.uga.edu/'GLY409_13_Deep_sea_seds.html
63%

http://www.fruitstree.com/article/general-knowledge-pt-ii
63%
1081. GENESIS AND THE ORIGIN OF COAL AND OIL – A Review

The resistance goes even deeper though....
http://narrowgatejournal.wordpress.com/2010/02/04/genesis-and-the-origin-of-coal-and-oil-a-revie
w/
63%
1082. Hawaiian Islands weather details & Aloha paragraphs / February 8-9, 2010
Air Temperatures – The following maximum temperatures were recorded across the state of Hawaii
Monday afternoon:...
63%
1083. Hegaion E
With increasing temperatures, CO2 is pushed from the ocean out to the ... the ocean by a slight
temperature increase would amplify said increase (positive ...
http://www.hegaion.com/
63%
1084. History of the Earth

53 Ga, shortly after formation of an initial crust, the proto-Earth was impacted by a smaller
protoplanet, which ejected part of the mantle and crust into space a nd created the Moon....
http://aStory.blog.co.uk/2010/02/17/history-of-the-earth-8026345/
63%
1085. Hydrothermal Chemistry/

Nov 2007 - ...Elements in the Ocean • 1994 Mottl...through mid-ocean ridge-flanks...deformations
of the deep continental root...assumption that the ocean operates at a...ridge • Low-temperature
(3-13 °C...and that entire crust be penetrated...Overtime
http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/earth-atmospheric-and-planetary-sciences/12-759-marine-chemistry-se
minar-spring-2006/projects/Anon_a.pdf
63%
1086. Introduction to the Deep Sea Environment | Trends Inspire

It ?? possible t? date th? ocean crust ?? th? plates g? apart ??? spread .... A? pressure increases
??? temperature decreases calcium carbonate becomes ...
http://trendsinspire.com/general/introduction-to-the-deep-sea-environment/
63%
1087. Lecture 36: Worlds in Comparison

Nov 11, 2007 ... This adds to the greenhouse warming, increasing the temperature further. After
the oceans evaporate, the carbonaceous rock in the dried out oceanic crust starts to decompose, ...
H2O condenses into massive, deep oceans ...
http://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/~pogge/Ast161/Unit6/compare.html
63%
1088. Life, a miracle in the universe

They offer a glimpse of what our Earth was like at its birth, molten rock surging from the depths,
solidifying, cracking, blistering or spreading in a thin crust, b efore falling dormant for a time....
http://michaelblackburnsr.typepad.com/blog/2010/02/life-a-miracle-in-the-universe.html
63%
1089. Marine Chemistry 12.742

Mar 2007 - ...involve the entire ocean, which has a 1...more carbon in the ocean than in the
atmosphere...we can divide the ocean into two boxes...C with the bigger deep water box,
establishes...atmosphere. For a given temperature and salinity, pCO2...and
http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/earth-atmospheric-and-planetary-sciences/12-742-marine-chemistry-fall
-2006/lecture-notes/lec_21_cos.pdf
63%
1090. Meetings - IGCP Project 474 - Images of the Earth's Crust ...
Imaging the lower crust in deep water. The Cambridge digital seismic recorder for land and ...
temperature increase compared to mantle beneath normal ocean basins. ...
http://www.earthscrust.org/earthscrust/reports/canberra.html
63%
1091. MiddleSchoolPortal/Earth's Oceans - NSDLWiki

This free, standards-based, online resource guide developed for middle school science teachers
focuses on the oceans as a part of the Earth system: oceans and ...
http://wiki.nsdl.org/index.php/MiddleSchoolPortal/Earth's_Oceans
63%

Nov 2009 - ...that new oceanic crust and lithosphere...created at mid-ocean ridges and
that...measure average temperature through the effects...and a little crust on top)
contracts...pressure mantle from deep in the mantle...expands and its temperature and
http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/earth-atmospheric-and-planetary-sciences/12-002-physics-and-chemistr
y-of-the-terrestrial-planets-fall-2008/lecture-notes/MIT12_002f08_lec16.pdf
63%
1093. Oligocene deep water export from the North Atlantic and the
Miocene sections at Ocean Drilling Program Site 1090 (3700 m water depth) on ... Southern Ocean
and the Indian Ocean, although the direction of deep water flow ...
http://www.cas.sc.edu/geol/scher/pubs/09%20Scher%20and%20Martin%20(2008).pdf
63%
1094. Some Good Global Warming - Earth's Crust Heat Keeps Us Elevated
Jun 24, 2007 ... Elevation increases in a given area could provide notice – tens of millions of ...
rock insulates the area west of the Cascades from heat deeper beneath the slab. ... New ocean
floor crust is produced by volcanic eruptions at undersea ..
http://www.science20.com/news/some_good_global_warming_earths_crust_heat_keeps_us_elevat
ed
63%
1095. Stephen Lendman on Haiti, disaster capitalism, and other atrocities

In a recent paper, he said: "mining activities disturb the in-situ stress in the upper continental crust
and can trigger earthquakes (human-triggered seismicity)....
http://jamesfetzer.blogspot.com/2010/02/stephen-lendman-on-haiti-disaster.html
63%
1096. The Day After Tomorrow: Good and Bad Science as Presented in the Movie
Average air temperatures rise and the secondary effect is an increase water temperatures....
http://guabbie.wordpress.com/2010/01/27/the-day-after-tomorrow-good-and-bad-science-as-prese
nted-in-the-movie
63%
1097. The Oceanic Environment

The Ocean and Marginal Seas. • The worlds oceans: oceans and marginal ... The Oceanic Crust:
Crust is formed at ridges, moved laterally, and destroyed by ...
http://life.bio.sunysb.edu/marinebio/bio353/chapters/ch02.pdf
63%
1098. Venus
A younger Venus is believed to have possessed Earth-like oceans,[8] but these totally evaporated
as the temperature rose, leaving a dusty dry desertscape with many s lab-like rocks....
http://cnathael.blogspot.com/2010/01/venus.html
63%
1099. Water-Rock-Microbe Interactions :: UiB

Fluids that circulate through the earth's crust and mix with the ocean waters ... processes within
the deep biosphere influence alteration of the ocean crust will ... An overall goal of this subprogram
is to significantly increase our ... that continuously
http://www.uib.no/geobio/en/research/research-at-cgb/water-rock-microbe-interactions
63%
1100. [PDF]Standard 3 Objective 2: Describe the processes within Earth ...

D. Deep ocean studies showing no zones of movement on the ocean floor. 3) What data would a
scientist ... 8) Ocean vents are caused by small cracks in the oceanic crust. ... temperature water, it
cools, increases in density and sinks. ...
http://www.slc.k12.ut.us/staff/larmad/science/Link%20Files/Earth_Systems_Details/Stand3Obj2Tes
t.pdf
62%
1101. [PDF]TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION IN THE CRUST AND MANTLE

only the superadiabatic (greater than adiabatic) temperature increase with ..... below, the melting
temperature expected for deep crustal rocks (e.g. ... Heat production in the oceanic crust is minor
in comparison with that of ...
http://arjournals.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.ea.14.050186.002113
62%
1102. Aftershock: In HARMS Way, part 2

When the earthquake struck, it struck hard and deep....
http://ionamiller.wordpress.com/2010/02/03/aftershock-in-harms-way-part-2
62%
1103. Chapter 5
Jul 2005 - ...measured by measuring the temperature gradient everywhere...heat lost through the
ocean basins in enormous...radioactive decay) in the ocean basins was much lower...released by a
change in temperature of 1? at constant pressure...volume of
http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/earth-atmospheric-and-planetary-sciences/12-201-essentials-of-geophy
sics-fall-2004/lecture-notes/ch5.pdf
62%
1104. CHAPTER 5
Nov 2007 - ...this excess water flows to the ocean. Over the continental United...transport this
material to the ocean, glaciers and the wind, are...less than a few centimeters deep but very
widespread. There...The slope tween the two deep + slow ? shallow
http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/earth-atmospheric-and-planetary-sciences/12-090-special-topics-in-eart
h-atmospheric-and-planetary-sciences-the-environment-of-the-earth-s-surface-spring-2007/lecture-
notes/earthsurface_5.pdf
62%
1105. Cretaceous Superplume

Jul 5, 2010... chains in the deep ocean, and that the motion of crustal plates over ... increased
global temperature; increased eustatic sea levels ...
http://www.seceij.net/research_education/cretaceous/superplume.html
62%
1106. Help with science worksheet?
1. The currents that flow vertically are: continental. Coriolis waves. ... Technorati Tags: continental
margins, deep ocean currents, density currents, driven currents, equator, ...
http://tornadoquestions.com/help-with-science-worksheet.htm
62%
1107.
http://tejendrasingh.blogspot.com/2009/12/earth-planet-which-we-know-most-ab
out.html
Note that the crust is thin under the oceans, thick under mountains....
http://tejendrasingh.blogspot.com/2009/12/earth-planet-which-we-know-most-about.html
62%
1108. Human Ecology and Peace

... crust and are not renewable in ecological time spans. ... To keep CO2 levels in the atmosphere
from rising, only two options exist: human technological sequestration of these emissions, such as
deep-well injection; or natural sequestration....
http://pilipinoakobayani.blogspot.com/2010/01/human-ecology-and-peace.html
62%
1109. laxbrain: ess1.5processesandratesofchangeoftheeart

The ocean floor is changed greatly by movement in Earth's mantle. The crust is thinnest ... and so
fluctuations between plates causes rifts and deep trenches to ...
http://sites.google.com/site/laxbrain/ess1.5processesandratesofchangeoftheeart
62%
1110. Mars
[21] Earth's crust, averaging 40 km, is only a third as thick as Mars’ crust relative to the sizes of the
two planets....
http://cnathael.blogspot.com/2010/01/mars.html
62%

Jun 2009 - ...earth surface temperature But: the atmosphere...7x1018 moles Crust Corg 1100
x...CaCO3 & SiO2 in ocean Kump et al...Precipitation in Ocean CaSiO3 + CO2...transported to
ocean by rivers •CaCO3...precipitation in shallow & deep water •Cycle
http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/earth-atmospheric-and-planetary-sciences/12-842-past-and-present-cli
mate-fall-2008/lecture-notes/part1_lec4.pdf
62%
1112. Ocean and Oceanography definition of Ocean and Oceanography in ...

It is now also generally accepted that a new ocean crust has been forming more ... is marked by
an abrupt increase in slope to an average of about 4°. .... ridge in the deep ocean floor that spews
out water heated to high temperatures ...
http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Ocean+and+Oceanography
62%
1113. SEACOOS Glossary of Acronyms and Marine Science

Pertaining to a dark colored volcanic rock characteristic of the ocean crust. ... increase in the
downward slope of the seafloor that continues to the deep ocean floor. ...
http://www.seacoos.org/glossary
62%
1114. Volcano Experiments for Lesson Plans & Science Fair Projects
New oceanic crust is being formed by hot molten rock slowly cooling and solidifying. ... under the
continental plate forming a deep ocean trench just offshore. Water released from the subducting
plate lowers the melting temperature of the .... For example,
http://www.juliantrubin.com/encyclopedia/earthsciences/volcano.html
62%
1115. [PDF]Geological Processes at Mid-Ocean Ridge Crests

likely difference to cause such a marked increase in creep rate is a higher ... from pyroxene pyrolite
to ampholite start at higher temperatures at a given pressure, ..... rough topography and exposure
of deep layers in the ocean crust. ...
http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/119716697/articletext?DOI=10.1111/j.1365-246X.1968
.tb00189.x
61%
1116. [PDF]Microsoft PowerPoint - plate tectonics 223 part 1 earth ...

warmer than the oceanic crust. • As we go deeper in the crust, temperature and pressure increase.
• In the upper part of the crust, the rocks are ...
http://www.victoria.ac.nz/geo/courses/notes/2005/smith_g223%20lect1%204-slide.pdf
61%
1117. [PDF]Pressure-temperature Phase Diagram of the Earth

in the crust, oceans and surface lie within the pressure-temperature polygons. ... In the deep crust
(> 10 km) the permeability is extremely low, on the order of 10 ... The inhabited fraction of liquid
water may increase as deep ...
http://www.mso.anu.edu.au/~charley/papers/Jones&LineweaverProceedingsv7color.pdf
61%
1118. Europa: Tidal heating of upwelling thermal plumes and the ...
with an ocean below due to tidal cracking and disruption, and small. variations in the ... melting
temperature depends on pressure and therefore on the crust ...
http://planetary.brown.edu/planetary/documents/2685.pdf
61%
1119. Exploring the Global Mid-Ocean Ridge - Fathom :: The Source ...
here is a natural tendency in scientific investigations for increased specialization. ... The youngest
volcanoes form a narrow zone of oceanic crustal creation only 1 to 2 ... the probe was hastily
recalibrated to higher temperatures. ... For example, duri
http://www.fathom.com/feature/122127/index.html
61%

http://sponsoractual.com/2010/01/general-knowledge-pt-ii
61%
1121. GEOL 3070 / ATOC 3070: Introduction to Oceanography Syllabus ...

4. Heat and temperature: Distinguish between temperature and heat. ... 11. Deep vs. shallow
water waves: Distinguish between deep water and shallow ...
http://instaar.colorado.edu/~marchitt/3070.2010.syllabus.pdf
61%
1122. Geology: How Different Magmas Form - CliffsNotes
Both extrusive and intrusive igneous rocks are derived from magmas. The temperature and
pressure conditions in the crust and upper mantle influence the melting
http://www.cliffsnotes.com/study_guide/How-Different-Magmas-Form.topicArticleId-9605,articleId-
9474.html
61%
1123. Hawaiian Islands weather details & Aloha paragraphs / January 15-16, 2010
Air Temperatures – The following maximum temperatures were recorded across the state of Hawaii
Thursday afternoon:...
61%
1124. Intro TOC, etc. FINAL 7/12

and biological properties, such as temperature, chemical composition, and the types of ...
continental. and oceanic) and uppermost mantle, and is located above the asthenosphere. ...
http://www.scseagrant.org/pdf_files/sos_chap_1.pdf
61%
1125. January 2010

Since then, its centralized economy has been transforming, and the number of private-own
enterprises has been increasing....
http://yasuhitoshiho.blogspot.com/2010/01/january-2010.html
61%
1126. Magnetic crust of Mars

shown that the initial upper mantle temperature, the mantle viscosity, and the total ... temperature
of possible magnetic. minerals of the Martian crust after ...
http://lep694.gsfc.nasa.gov/gunther/gunther/jafarJGR2005.pdf
61%
1127. Meetings - IGCP Project 474 - Images of the Earth's Crust ...
5th International Symposium on Deep Seismic Reflection Probing of the Continents and ... where
composition and temperature render the crust viscously weak. ...
http://www.earthscrust.org/earthscrust/reports/banff.html
61%
1128. Mesozoic - Paleontology Wiki

The Mesozoic Era is one of three geologic eras of the Phanerozoic eon. ... C in the deep ocean,
may have been too warm for sea life and land areas near the ...
http://paleontology.wikia.com/wiki/Mesozoic
61%
1129. MY TOURISM
International tourism receipts grew to US$944 billion (euro 642 billion) in 2008, corresponding to
an increase in real terms of 1....
http://dinushatourism.blogspot.com/2010/01/my-tourism.html
61%
1130. On the Existence of Alien & Technologically Intelligent Extraterrestrial Life

On the matter of the existence of complex, cognitively advanced organismic life beyond Earth - for
http://cosmologicalprophet.blogspot.com/2009/10/on-existence-of-alien-technologicallly.html
61%
1131. Pacific Northwest Glossary
The deep ocean basins are underlain by oceanic crust. oceanography - the study of the ocean,
including the ... With increasing pressure, the temperature of melting is lowered. ...
http://www.pacifier.com/~helenp/PNWglossary.html
61%
1132. Primitive CaO-rich, silica-undersaturated melts in island arcs: Evidence for the
involvement of clinopyroxene-rich lithologies .
Schiano, P. / Eiler, J. M. / Hutcheon, I. D. / Stolper, E. M.,article,May 2000 - ...inclusions
(mid-ocean ridges) > 13...changes of pressure, temperature, and source composition...increasing
solidus temperature [e.g., Longhi...of lherzolites increase with
http://authors.library.caltech.edu/1120/
61%
1133. Scope 35 - Scales and Global Change, Chapter 15, The Ocean System-Ocean / Climate
and Ocean / CO2 Interactions
HANS OESCHGER,Jul 2003 - ...increases in the temperature of Equatorial...glaciation the ocean
showed a different...induced by the increase of 'greenhouse...averaged over the ocean surface.
As...alkalinity, and temperature. S CO 2 and...in the surface ocean
http://www.icsu-scope.org/downloadpubs/scope35/chapter15.html
61%
1134. Study Guide 2

the difference between ocean crust and continental crust. San Andreas Fault and what ... How %
saturation and relative humidity change with temperature ...
http://faculty.sdmiramar.edu/gbochicchio/sgs082.doc
61%
1135. The Matter of Cognitively and Technologically Advanced E

On the matter of the existence of complex, cognitively advanced organismic life beyond Earth - for
http://chocolateprophet.blogspot.com/2010/01/matter-of-cognitively-and_09.html
61%
1136. Transcript from Epic of Evolution: Life, the Earth and the ...
we push it down into the Earth, we increase the temperature and the pressure, and we go from ...
crust is built like a nice layer cake and anywhere in the ocean you go you see ...
http://epsc.wustl.edu/classwork/classwork_210a/pdfs/mew9.pdf
61%
1137. [PDF
global mean surface air temperature will increase by 2.1 C to ... absence of deep-water. formation
in the North Atlantic, much like today's Pacic Ocean. ...
http://mgg.coas.oregonstate.edu/~andreas/pdf/S/stocker97nat.pdf
60%
1138. [PDF]Earth's Interior Convection and the MantleSection 2 Summary

Pressure inside Earth increases as you go deeper. The crust is the layer of rock ... includes both dry
land and the ocean floor. Oceanic crust consists mostly ... Heat transfer by convection is caused by
differences in temperature and ...
http://mrescience.com/earth_stuff/earth_lecture_05.pdf
60%
1139. [PDF]The Big Balancing Act
As the sinking plate moves deeper into the mantle, increasing pressure and heat release ....
seawater while it is still inside the ocean's crust, .... In some of these low temperature reactions,
iron in the rocks is replaced by iron ...
http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/05fire/background/edu/media/rof05_balancing.pdf
60%
1140. Chapter 1
Jul 2005 - ...to exceed the melting temperature. These time scales...of heat. Radiative temperature
loss goes as T 4 and...from the surface, then temperature increases of order 2000...heating of the
Earth’s deep interior, which occurred...compression due
http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/earth-atmospheric-and-planetary-sciences/12-201-essentials-of-geophy
sics-fall-2004/lecture-notes/ch1.pdf
60%
1141. Chapter 2:What Do Earthquakes Tell Us About the Earth?

The crust may be less than a kilometer thick in some areas of the oceans and ... the formation and
spreading of oceanic plates along the Mid-Ocean Ridge, and ...
http://www.geo.wvu.edu/~wilson/Geol1/interior.htm
60%
1142. Cretaceous World-Cretaceous Life

May 3, 2007 ... Ocean crust was forming at a record rate, with all the usual ... leading to the
Mid-Cretaceous black shales and anoxic deep-ocean conditions. ... release of methane and
associated temperature increase of the Mid-Aptian ...
http://www.cretaceousworld.com/News_detail.asp?ID=202
60%
1143. Environment - carbon

The ocean crust completes this cycle over 100-200 million years and it has ... of C from the surface
to the deep ocean reduces the CO2 in the surface waters ...
http://www.lifesciences.napier.ac.uk/teaching/Env/Ccycle06.htm
60%
1144. FINAL EXAM REVIEW

An increase of one integer unit represents a 10 fold increase in ground motion. ... for the
observation that no ocean crust is more than 400 million ...
http://www.trinity.edu/gkroeger/GEOS1307/final_exam_review.htm
60%
1145. GEOL205: Evolution of Magma Chambers in Hawaiian Volcanoes

The volume increase forces the melt through plastic cracks while the density ... bits of lava glass on
the deep ocean floor around Kilauea that erupted from ...
http://www.uhh.hawaii.edu/~kenhon/GEOL205/Ascent/default.htm
60%
1146. Hadal trenches: the ecology of the deepest places on Earth

increases and its temperature rises without the gain or loss of any heat. ... In Deep Ocean
Circulation: Physical and. Chemical Aspects (Teramoto, T. ...
http://cmbc.ucsd.edu/Students/Current_Students/SIO277/jamieson.Trenches.pdf
60%
1147. Measuring conductive heat flow | Sea Technology | Find ...

This diffuse flow is ubiquitous along mid-ocean ridge spreading centers and contains ... young
volcanic areas where oceanic crust is presently being formed. ... by deep tidal currents) and the
increasing rock surface temperature as the ...
http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa5367/is_199802/ai_n21420001/
60%
1148. Metamorphic rocks

... the active ridge, and on thinned continental crust, the geothermal gradient is higher. ... causes
an increase in the depth of burial (& hence pressure and temperature) of many ...
http://www.staff.livjm.ac.uk/biegsher/earth/meta.htm
60%
1149. Microbiology: Extremophiles

in very dry places - Dry and hot, dry and cold. in hot volcanic vents of the deep ocean -
thermophiles ... If we increase the pressure, the boiling point temperature increases. ...
http://www.theguardians.com/Microbiology/gm_mbm04.htm
60%
1150. Molten rock

Key component of earth's crust formed from moving, molten rock ... In the continental crust,
temperature was usually believed to increase almost linearly with depth - that is, ...
http://www.theallineed.com/ecology/08032403.htm
60%
1151. Ocean And Oceanography - LoveToKnow 1911

... in the methods of observing in the deep sea, and also in the representation and ... and is there
demarcated by an abrupt increase in the steepness of the slope to ocean ...
http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Ocean_And_Oceanography
60%
1152. Origins of life and biochemistry under high-pressure ...

Aug 29, 2006 ... Oceanic crust was produced by a higher degree of partial melting .... In the ocean,
temperature decreases with depth until an almost ... The deep ocean is characterized by the lack of
sunlight, a stable average temperature of ca. ...... An
http://www.rsc.org/delivery/_ArticleLinking/DisplayHTMLArticleforfree.cfm?JournalCode=CS&Year=
2006&ManuscriptID=b517766a&Iss=10
60%
1153. plate boundaries

Feb 9, 2009 ... Within the earth, the temperature increases regularly and predictably with depth ...
During convergence of two plates with oceanic crust, ... n the edge of the overriding plate it forms
a tre nch, a deep linear basin. ...
http://www.docstoc.com/docs/4102709/plate-boundaries
60%
1154. Principles of Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology - Cambridge ...

With recent investigations of the ocean floors, the inventory of rock ... and processes within the
Earth's crust, mantle, and even the core (see ...
http://www.cambridge.org/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=9780521880060&ss=exc
60%
1155. [PDF
3) limestones deposited on the deep ocean floor may get subducted and then ... Pelagic limestones
deposited on oceanic crust do not stick around for too long ...
http://eo.ucar.edu/staff/dward/carbon/older%20carbon%20model%20stuff/long%20term%20carb
on.pdf
59%
1156. [PDF]Deep Sea Drilling Project Initial Reports Volume 83

reference section over 1 km through Layer 2 of the oceanic crust. Nature, 300: 589-594. ... Decay
of resistivity caused by temperature increase, influ- ...
http://www.deepseadrilling.org/83/volume/dsdp83_19.pdf
59%
1157. [PDF]Geodynamic characteristics of tectonic extension in the ...

The central deep basin has the structure of oceanic crust with the crustal thickness ... There is
slight increase in temperature from upper crust to sedi- ...
http://www.scichina.com:8080/sciDe/EN/article/downloadArticleFile.do?attachType=PDF&id=30642
3
59%
1158. [PDF]hole 504B Fracture evolution in the upper ocean crust: ...
Apr 9, 2010 ... increase in the porosity of all three lithological units shown with time. ... In the top
1.5 km of ocean crust temperature ranges may not have affected ... Reports of the Deep Sea
Drilling Project, 83, US ...
http://sp.lyellcollection.org/cgi/reprint/54/1/41.pdf
59%
1159. Chapter 12
Nov 2007 - ...since the great increase in use of oil and natural...s continental crust. 2.1.4...after
drying at a temperature a little greater than...can see that the increase in rank is associated...closer
to the ocean on average, a...farther from the oce
http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/earth-atmospheric-and-planetary-sciences/12-110-sedimentary-geology
-spring-2007/lecture-notes/ch12.pdf
59%
1160. Earth's Oceans Power Point

Temperature of Ocean Water. Warm water holds less dissolved gas than cold water. ... As a result,
fish and other animals can live in deep parts of the ocean. ...
http://www.tenafly.k12.nj.us/~plobosco/Earth%E2%80%99s%20Oceans.ppt
59%
1161. Lani Aina Kai - GG 103 Formation of Hawaiian Islands

The core/mantle boundary is approximately 2900 km deep. ... Oceanic crust is relatively thin, and
continental crust is relatively thick. ... Geothermal gradient - the increase in temperature with
increasing depth. ...
http://www.laniainakai.com/gg103/files/gg103_notes/hawaii.html
59%
1162. New Theory of the Earth - Cambridge University Press

... and buoyant outer layers are effective insulators and serve to keep the crust and ... refining
during accretion and crystallization of a deep magma ocean are possible ways of ...
http://www.cambridge.org/uk/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=9780521849593&ss=exc
59%
1163. Oceanography, Physical - sea, depth, oceans, temperature ...

Although oceanography is the scientific study of the ocean, ... of seafloor structure and seismic
studies of movements in oceanic crust to satellite ... of the planet's surface is covered by ocean
water; increased oceanographic knowledge will ... Measureme
http://www.waterencyclopedia.com/Oc-Po/Oceanography-Physical.html
59%
1164. Seafloor spreading that - Wikipedia knows

... campaign to increase flow flock to the surface, the formation of mid-ocean ridge. ... Because of
the high mantle temperature, pressure, like the boiling of liquid steel ... Thus, a large shell on the
edge deep ocean trench, in the strong squeezing ...
http://www.earth-wikipedia.com/archives/626
59%
1165. THE DEEP INDIAN OCEAN FLOOR

temperature (2ºC), and high salinity (35.85), similar to ... Both bottom and deep waters of the
Indian Ocean. are derived from the Atlantic, and spread ...
http://iod.ucsd.edu/~amanda/Files/Demopoulos-Ecosystems%20of%20the%20World.pdf
59%
1166. The Deep Sea Environment - search for resources

The thickness of the sediments also reflects the age of the ocean crust with thickness increasing as
we move away from mid ocean ridges for example. ... Secondly we have a brief discussion of
temperature. The deep sea is largely ...
http://www.articlesbase.com/science-articles/the-deep-sea-environment-search-for-resources-1712
236.html
59%
1167. What is Geothermal Energy? -

The difference in temperature between deep hotter zones and shallow ... Earth's surface and a
specified depth in the crust, beneath a specified area and ...
http://www.iga.1it.pl/314,what_is_geothermal_energy.html
59%
1168. [PDF]By Roger L. Larson

dence of the world's oldest deep-sea sediments and volcanic rocks still in place from eons ago. ...
cided to examine the rate of formation of oceanic crust —main- ..... Earth's surface temperature
also increased as a result of the ...
http://www.sciamdigital.com/index.cfm?fa=ExtServices.GspDownloadIssueView&ARTICLEID_CHAR
=3078917B-2B35-221B-668A2E28B28FA44B
58%
1169. [PDF]SILICATE-ROCK WEATHERING?

basement is proportional to the deep-ocean hydrogen-ion and total ... of the ocean crust during
low-temperature alteration. Authigenic carbon- .... increases in bulk Ca content reported by
Staudigel and others (1989) ...
http://www.ajsonline.org/cgi/reprint/295/9/1077.pdf
58%
1170. Amphibole "sponge" in arc crust?

Pressure-temperature-time paths followed by arc magmas ascending ... impeding further ascent
and/or erup- tion and trapping magmas in the deep crust. ...
http://www.geo.mtu.edu/~raman/papers2/DavidsonGeol07.pdf
58%
1171. BRIDGE: full text only version
... understand the strange deep-sea environments and how the ocean floor itself came ... lava, and
from melt intruded deep below the ocean floor, comes new ocean crust. ...
http://www.soton.ac.uk/~jtc/fierydeep.html
58%
1172. Chapter Y: (0th Level Chapter Heading)

Southern Ocean mode waters and Upper Circumpolar Deep Waters waters are warming. ... 300 m,
equivalent to an average temperature increase of 0.037°C per decade. ...
http://www.junkscience.com/draft_AR4/Ch05_SOD_Text_TSU_FINAL.pdf
58%
1173. Discoveries from Deep Ocean Drilling

Of equal significance is the systematic increase in the age of the oldest .... Age of oceanic crust in
the Pacific Ocean based on Magnetic anomalies, ... older than 3.5 million years are characterized by
a warm-temperature fauna, ...
http://search.datapages.com/data/doi/10.1306/A1ADD86C-0DFE-11D7-8641000102C1865D
58%
1174. Do the trace element compositions of detrital zircons require ...

Keywords: Hadean, mid-ocean ridge, zircon, continental crust. ... increase the calculated
crystallization temperature of the Ha- dean zircons more than the mid-ocean ridge ...
http://www.colorado.edu/geolsci/courses/GEOL5700-PCE/Cooganpaper.pdf
58%
1175. Early evolution of Mars with mantle compositional ...

temperature of the lower crust resulting in more rapid relaxation of crustal thickness ... Increasing
temperature with depth and a strongly. temperature ...
http://www-geodyn.mit.edu/parmentier.hydro.jgr07.pdf
58%
1176. EARTH Sciences - by Gary Novak

Any increase, and an ice age would surely be the result. Model of Ice Age: As oceans are ... and
the surface ocean, 50 Gt C; and the surface ocean and the intermediate and deep ...
http://www.world-mysteries.com/gnovak.htm
58%
1177. Earth Space Systems Science

The atmosphere and. the oceans are the two large fluid reservoirs of planet Earth. ... the great
ocean currents, energy flow in the hydrosphere, and the impli ...
http://edmall.gsfc.nasa.gov/aacps/unit/unit3.pdf
58%
1178. GeoMan's Oceanography page

Related to amount of water and its temperature. Some other process extracts the ... crust below
sea level. Abyssal Plain - Deep ocean basins underlain by oceanic crust ... Increased depths below
the main level of the abyssal plains ...
http://jersey.uoregon.edu/~mstrick/hydrosphere/Lectures_hydro/Oceanography.html
58%
1179. In the Beginning: Compelling Evidence for Creation and the ...
[ The Fountains of the Great Deep > The Origin of Ocean Trenches and the Ring of ... somehow
pushing ocean crust away from the ridge, ocean crust would be ...
http://www.creationscience.com/onlinebook/Trenches5.html
58%
1180. MAR 2008 > Log > July 25, 2008

Mid-ocean ridges are essentially extensive deep-sea mountain chains ... the local permeability of
the crust and the heat driving hydrothermal circulation. ...
http://www.deepseavoyage.research.pdx.edu/dailyupdates_072508.php
58%
1181. Ocean and Crust of an Accreting Neutron Star

OHMIC DIFFUSION IN THE DEEP OCEAN AND CRUST ..... not by processes in the deep crust and
core. In order of increasing temperature, the solutions (Fig. ...
http://iopscience.iop.org/0004-637X/496/2/915/fulltext
58%
1182. Ocean levels rising twice as fast

Global ocean levels are rising twice as fast today as they were 150 years ago according to research
presented in Science by a team of researchers. ...
http://news.mongabay.com/2005/1125-climate.html
58%
1183. Oceans The World Almanac for Kids

Ocean Basin Structure · Composition of Sediment · Dating Techniques ... dredging and by deep-sea
exploration projects such as the Ocean Drilling Program, which ...
http://www.worldalmanacforkids.com/WAKI-ViewArticle.aspx?pin=xoc004500a
58%
1184. Plate Tectonics: This works as a result of hot mantle ...

harzburgite, and basaltic ocean crust, it is then possible to calculate ... altered ocean crust
dehydrates and causes melting of the basaltic. ocean crust and of the ...
http://www.le.ac.uk/gl/art/pdfdocs/intromna.pdf
58%
1185. Target Atmospheric CO

Deep ocean temperature is a function of high latitude ocean surface temperature, ... Cretaceous
ocean crust at DSDP Sites 417 and 418: Carbon. uptake from ...
http://www.biologicaldiversity.org/programs/climate_law_institute/legislating_for_a_new_climate/p
dfs/co2_where_should_humanity_aim.pdf
58%
1186. The Oceanic crust as a bioreactor

... they are found down to crustal depths of 500m, possibly defining a Deep Oceanic ... Microbial
glass alteration substantially increases the active surface area of ... igneous rocks ; volcanic rocks ;
basalts ; low temperature ; crust ...
http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=16239474
58%
1187. [PDF]DOI: 10.1126/science.281.5379.978 , 978 (1998); 281 Science et ...

much of the upper oceanic crust, which has a volume estimated at 1018 cubic meters. Although
this is the largest .... during the Deep Sea Drilling Project and the Ocean Drilling Program. ....
increase in temperature. A sediment depth of ...
http://www.scienceonline.org/cgi/reprint/281/5379/978.pdf
57%
1188. [PDF]Exploring Subseafloor Life with the Integrated Ocean Drilling ...
Consequently, deep drilling of the ocean crust and sediments is uniquely positioned to access ...
although higher temperature limits have been inferred by a ..... should be optimized to increase
quality and, when possible, ...
http://www.iodp.org/iodp_journals/3_Exploring_Subseafloor_Life_SD5.pdf
57%
1189. A novel microbial habitat in the mid-ocean ridge subseafloor — ...

Jun 15, 2010 ... Although there is little evidence for a global deep biosphere such as envisioned ...
Samples of low-temperature, basalt-hosted diffuse fluids had higher .... All samples were monitored
for increase in fluorescence at 440 nm when .... Schem
http://www.pnas.org/content/98/5/2158.full
57%
1190. ccandmarinefisheriesreport.doc
An increase of a few degrees in atmospheric temperature will not only ... An increase in the
amount of groundwater entering the ocean would lead to a net ...
http://assets.panda.org/downloads/ccandmarinefisheriesreport.doc
57%
1191. doi:10.1016/S0016-7037(03)00304-1
Nov 2004 - ...upper basaltic ocean crust suggest that Fe3...500 200 m) crust and average
initial...organic matter in deep-seated heterotrophic...organisms in the crust, let alone assess...Most
of the low-temperature alteration of upper ocean crust takes pl
http://www.ifa.hawaii.edu/~meech/a740/2004/fall/papers/BachGCA.pdf
57%
1192. Further reading - New Scientist

SEDIMENT is accumulating on the deep ocean floor all the time, in a modest and slow way. ...
ocean floor and the continental crust collide, the denser ocean crust ...
http://www.science.org.au/nova/newscientist/027ns_001.htm
57%
[ See "Deep Impact Mission" and "Stardust Mission" on page 272 and Item 7 on page ... Therefore,
our oceans contain considerable heavy hydrogen, and comets have twice ...
http://www.creationscience.com/onlinebook/TechnicalNotes18.html
57%
1194. Kola Superdeep Borehole: Facts, Discussion Forum, and ...

With the expected further increase in temperature with increasing depth, ... The stated areas of
study were the deep structure of the Baltic Shield ... The Moho separates both oceanic crust and
continental crust from underlying mantle. ...
http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Kola_Superdeep_Borehole
57%
1195. Long-term Observation and Research Plan

... themes (thermal circulation, material cycle, marine ecosystems and ocean crust ... sea surface to
the ocean deep, and between the ocean (which has a heat capacity ...
http://www.jamstec.go.jp/jamstec-j/PR/9807/MIRAI/Plan-e.html
57%
1196. Metagenomes from high-temperature chemotrophic systems reveal geochemical
controls on microbial community structure and ...
May 2010 - ...accompanied with an increase in archaeal diversity...geochemical; high-temperature;
community structure...in adaptation to low temperature explain the observed...strains with different
temperature adaptations. PLoS ONE...The Sorcerer II Globa
http://lib.bioinfo.pl/pmid:20333304
57%
1197. Microsoft Word - OCEANCRU.DOC

Nov 1998 - ...to form the ocean crust, leaving a...lithosphere. The ocean lithosphere...silicate
minerals increase with increasing...surface. As hot deep mantle rises...the solidus temperature of
mantle falls...chamber in the ocean crust and begin crystall
http://www.le.ac.uk/geology/art/pdfdocs/oceancru.pdf
57%
1198. Ocean News Feed [Archive] - Page 3 - Oceanographers Net

[Archive] Page 3 News fed from oceanographic websites
http://www.oceanographers.net/forums/archive/index.php/f-43-p-3.html
57%
1199. OCEANOGRAPHY 510 Handout Notes #1 The Surface Circulation ...

crust is rich in silica and aluminum, rivers are rich in carbonates, and the oceans are ... and its
contents from the ocean surface to a depth of 4000 m, and then measure the ...
http://flux.ocean.washington.edu/Autumn2009/notes.number1.o510.2001.pdf
57%
1200. volcanoes and global change

The oceanic crust (sima), the floor of the deep oceans, is about 7 km thick, and ... to the ocean
floor. The ocean floor gradually extends, increasing the size of the plates. ...
http://plaza.ufl.edu/sykid/
57%
1201. Wapedia - Wiki: Abyssal plain

An abyssal plain is an underwater plain on the deep ocean floor, usually found ... The abyssal plain
is formed when the lower oceanic crust is melted and forced .... water temperature increases below
4000 meters due to adiabatic heating ...
http://wapedia.mobi/en/Abyssal_plain
57%
1202. WP1 Lithosphere - biosphere interaction & resources - Deep Sea ...
As the anthropogenic pressure on these environments increases, ... to sustain a diverse deep
biosphere over extensive areas of the oceanic crust. ... number of physico-chemical parameters,
including temperature, pH, volatiles (H2S, H2, ...
http://www.deep-sea-frontier.eu/front_content.php?idart=620
57%
1203. [PDF]1 EARTH'S INTERIOR Information on Earth's interior: 1) seismic ...

... not deep enough for direct information. Deepest well - the Russian Kola well - 13 kilometers
deep. .... Compositional differences between oceanic and continental crust was first ... large
increase in temperature with depth in crust. ...
http://geology.rutgers.edu/~feigy/LectureNotes/11EarthInterior.pdf
56%
1204. [PDF]Criteria for Recognition of Hydrothermal Mineral Deposits in ...
The metallic mineral potential of oceanic crust other than in manganese nodules is poorly ..... tal
layer 2 and the upper portion of layer 3, as deep as ...... temperature increase and inversion of
thermal gradient in profiles 7 to 11. ...
http://econgeol.geoscienceworld.org/cgi/reprint/73/2/135.pdf
56%
1205. Advective flow through the upper continental shelf driven by ...
deep in the ocean crust established by the Ocean. Drilling Program [9] ... the ocean was the same
as the temperature 1.6 m deep. in well 2. We can calculate the ...
http://www.geol.sc.edu/wilson/PDF%20files/Moore%20and%20Wilson%202005%20EPSL.pdf
56%
1206. B361 - Sample Exam (2007)

7) Increasing the temperature of seawater: a) decreases the viscosity. ... generally higher on
shores of the Pacific Ocean compared to the Atlantic Ocean. ...
http://www.biology.ualberta.ca/courses.hp/biol361/exams.htm
56%
1207. Dr. Zaghloul El-Naggar

The thickest continental crust, about 70 km, is reported to lie beneath the Alps. ... pressure,
although the influence of increasing temperature cannot be excluded. ...
http://www.elnaggarzr.com/en/main.php?id=52
56%
1208. gc000713 1..9

Jan 2006 - ...also in the deep ocean through ocean crust carbonatization...continental crust
volume reconstruction...where the crust reached $70...DIC from the ocean-atmosphere...regional
lower temperature carbonatization...affinity to a deep- seated man
http://www.geol.ku.dk/pershps/christianbjerrum/bjerrumCanfield_GC2004.pdf
56%
1209. IASPEI Brochure

Mar 2009 - ...Ocean Network The International Ocean Network (ION), which also has...permanent
seismic observatories in the deep ocean. The primary purpose is to compensate...digital recording
systems make such a deep ocean network possible. ION is facilita
http://www.iaspei.org/brochure/brochure.html
56%
1210. ocean: Facts, Discussion Forum, and Encyclopedia Article

May 2010 - ...names. Geologically, an ocean is an area of oceanic crust Oceanic crust Oceanic
crust...lithosphere that surfaces in the ocean basins. Oceanic crust is primarily composed of...deep.
The vast expanses of deep ocean (anything below cover about.
http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/ocean
56%
1211. Petroleum from the Ocean - building, sea, depth, temperature ...
... Mineral Resources from the Ocean, Mineral Waters and Spas, Minorities in Water Sciences,
Mississippi River Basin, Modeling Groundwater Flow and Transport, Modeling ...
http://www.waterencyclopedia.com/Oc-Po/Petroleum-from-the-Ocean.html
56%
1212. Plate Tectonics
I. The Rock Cycle and Distribution of Major Rock Types. Surface features and rock cycle on ...
mostly of granitic rocks and ocean basins mostly of basaltic rocks? ...
http://www.geology.wisc.edu/~chuck/Geo106/lect4.html
56%
1213. Temperature control of continental lithosphere elastic thickness, Te vs Vs

Jan 2009 - Temperature control of...Earth and Ocean Sciences...lithosphere rheology temperature
The elastic...weak lower crust over a stronger...examined the increase in Te with tectonic...main
other temperature constraints for the deep crust and upper...
http://www.phys.ualberta.ca/~ccurrie/papers/HyndmanEtAl_EPSL_2009.pdf
56%
1214. The Fiery Face of the Arctic Deep - Max Planck Society - Press ...
Jul 18, 2003 ... Current theories of oceanic crustal production predict that ... then dramatically
increased," says Dr. Jonathan Snow, the leader of ... Other factors such as the chemical
composition and the temperature of the mantle at ...
http://www.mpg.de/english/illustrationsDocumentation/documentation/pressReleases/2003/pressR
elease20030718/index.html
56%
1215. the GeoloGical history of Deep-sea VolcaNoes

interactions with the ocean, their hydrology, geochemical fluxes, ... exchange between seawater
and the volcanic oceanic crust, and seamounts likely ...
http://www.tos.org/oceanography/issues/issue_archive/issue_pdfs/23_1/23-1_staudigel2.pdf
56%
1216. University of Utah Alumni Association e-newsletter, U-News & ...

Elevation increases in a given area could provide notice—tens of millions of years in advance—of
volcanic processes beginning to awake deep in the lithosphere, he adds. ... New ocean floor crust is
produced by volcanic eruptions at undersea ... scienti
http://www.alumni.utah.edu/u-news/july07/rocky_mtn_high.html
56%
1217. [PDF]Thermal Structure and Metamorphic Evolution of Subducting Slabs

transformations which increase the density of the subducting slab. ... variably hydrated basalts and
gabbros of the subducting oceanic crust [e.g., Peacock, ... 40 km, high pressure and temperature
should inhibit brittle behavior, but earthquakes in .... d
http://www.nsf-margins.org/Eugene_PDF/SubFac_abstract_Peacock.pdf
55%
1218. [PDF]View or Download - PERMEABILITY WITHIN BASALTIC OCEANIC CRUST

Deep Sea Drilling Project/Ocean Drilling Program. (DSDP/ODP) Hole 504B and comparison to .... to
the increase in sediment temperature surrounding a ...
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.88.5566&rep=rep1&type=pdf
55%
1219. [PPT]Volcanoes and Igneous Activity Earth - Chapter 4

Temperature increases within Earth's upper crust (called the geothermal gradient ) average .... It
cooled evenly deep in the Earth; It cooled slowly first (deep) , and much faster ... Makes up a
significant percentage of the oceanic crust ...
http://structure.colorado.edu/~structure/teaching_GEOL1010/coursenotes/Ch3_Igneous.ppt
55%
1220. Carbonate veins reveal chemistry of ancient seawater
Feb 5, 2010 ... IMAGE: Calcium carbonate veins are common in upper ocean crust, where they
precipitate from low temperature (<100 C) seawater-derived ... We attribute the increases in
seawater Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca since then to the long-term ... integrated mari
http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2010-02/nocs-cvr020510.php
55%
1221. Chapter 8: Plate Tectonics

b. Observed that the ocean sediment thickness indicated that the ocean (260 Ma) was. much ...
transfer across the core mantle boundary, increase temperature causes ...
http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~jdwright/Historical/Chap.05.pdf
55%
1222. chapter5
a. boundary between the Earth's crust and mantle at 5 to 60 km (average 30) ... upper mantle is
the source for all of the basalt and gabbro of the ocean crust ...
http://facstaff.gpc.edu/~cgelbaum/chapter5.htm
55%
1223. Early magnetic field and magmatic activity on Mars from magma ...
Significant and perhaps complete melting of the young terrestrial ... and melt adiabatically, creating
an early crust to record this field and leaving behind ...
http://eaps.mit.edu/Elkins-Tanton/pdfs_of_papers/Mars%20magnetic%20field%20E-T%20et%20al
%20EPSL%202005.pdf
55%
1224. Exploration of the Oceans

First comprehensive map of ocean bathymetry by Heezan and Tharp in ... deep currents driven by
sinking and advection of deepwater according to its temperature ...
http://marine.rutgers.edu/courses/expl_oceans/209.Final.Rev.Sheet.doc
55%
1225. Gravity Control Idealism: The Expanding Planet

http://gravityc-idealism.blogspot.com/2006/08/expanding-planet.html
55%
1226. Hydrogeologic Controls on Episodic H2 Release from Precambrian Fractured

Rocks-Energy for Deep Subsurface Life on Earth and ...
Sep 2008 - ...Energy for Deep Subsurface Life...indicate that deep Precambrian Shield...Continental
crust—Fractures—Chemoautotrophic...their role in the deep terrestrial bios...teration of basaltic
ocean floor have...the following temperature program:
http://deepbio.princeton.edu/samp/papers/Sherwood-Lollaretal07-fracturerelease AstrobioJour.pdf
55%

Apr 8, 1996 ... Oceanic Crust - thinner (about 5 km), basaltic (mafic) composition ... In diamond
mines, at 11788 ft deep, temperature is about 90 ° F or more. ... (This is because pressure and
density increase with depth in the Earth). ...
http://facstaff.gpc.edu/~pgore/Earth&Space/earthinterior.html
55%
1228. Introduction to Geology
Any rock can later be moved to a different location in the crust where the temperature ... Forms
the relatively low-elevation crust beneath the ocean basins ...
http://jersey.uoregon.edu/~mstrick/geology/Geo_Lectures/Geology_Intro.html
55%
1229. Ocean News [Archive] - Oceanographers Net

[Archive] Interesting News in Oceanography and related sciences
http://www.oceanographers.net/forums/archive/index.php/f-6.html
55%
1230. Proceedings of the International Workshop on Clean Ocean Energy...

Mar 2010 - ...on Clean Ocean Energy...currents, and temperature differentials...between cold deep
water and...strategy to increase the efficiency...group on Ocean Thermal...efforts to increase
energy use...potential for ocean energy due...exploit the tempe
http://www.edf.org/documents/10797_ocean-energy-workshop-proceedings.pdf
55%
1231. PROGRAMME AND ABSTRACTS

require an increase of about 0.13 pH unit in tropical and subtropical surface waters. ... in ocean
temperature and continental biomass, the. increased salinity of the ocean, and ...
http://www.ocean-acidification.net/Symposium2004/Symp2004Docs/AbstractBook.pdf
55%
1232. Reware Community :: Renewable Energy Education - Information ...

Reware develops next generation solar powered products and portable renewable energy solutions.
Our products include solar powered bags (Juice Bags), flexible solar ...
http://rewarestore.com/reducation.html
55%
1233. Temperature from sedimentary successions

Peter D. Clift,Feb 2009 - ...LOCALITIES GENERIC Mantle Temperature Under LIPs
Sedimentary...Moderate Mantle Temperature Anomalies Associated...characteristics of deep-rooted
mantle...subsidence of hotspot crust compared to that...ages from all major ocean
http://www.mantleplumes.org/SedTemp.html
55%
1234. UGA GEOL 3030

Trenches are sites of convergence of plates and destruction of old oceanic crust. ... at the bottom
and coming from the south, North Atlantic Deep Water above it and ...
http://www.gly.uga.edu/railsback/3030Exam1Ans.html
55%
1235.
Welcome to King Saud University. The largest Higher Education Center in Saudi Arabia. KSU goes
back in ... every 1000 meter increase in altitude, the temperature goes down by ...
http://faculty.ksu.edu.sa/21841/Pages/exams.aspx
54%
1236. [PDF
increase in deep-ocean, high-latitude, and continental temperatures. ... Ear th is found buried deep
in the crust and sediment column of the ocean. ...
http://www.odplegacy.org/PDF/Admin/Long_Range/COMPLEX.pdf
54%
1237. [PDF
Ocean deep-water temperature changes were smaller than tropical ... Second, it records both
temperature (0.22 increase. for a 1 C decrease) and ice-volume changes and, in the ...
http://geology.rutgers.edu/kgmpdf/02-Pekar.Geology.pdf
54%
1238. [PDF]DEEP-SEA DRILLING FROM GLOMAR CHALLENGER AND ITS IMPLICATIONS ...
"cold" taxa within various horizons to yield generalized temperature data, or .... region where
Pacific Ocean crust is being forced down to depth and ... increase in continental denudation,
probably induced in this case by sea level ...
http://journals.cambridge.org/production/action/cjoGetFulltext?fulltextid=5655440
54%
1239. } UIBM PDF Plate Tectonics Lecture }

b) The oceanic sediments and crust that are carried down are heated and compressed and ...
volcanoes and shallow-deep focus earthquakes. b. Ocean-continent ...
http://core.ecu.edu/geology/woods/PT.htm
54%
1240. Cratons (Normal continental crust) Most land area has not ...
... pressure and temperature), or that these are more heavily faulted and deformed ... and
resulting immature sediments cause downwarping of adjacent crust and ...
http://www.iwu.edu/~gpouch/geo101/21Mountains.doc
54%
1241. Environment- Ocean

... higher on the magma beneath the Earth's crust, and the ocean floors are lower. The Earth's
water long ago ... the cold deep waters, in tropical, subtropical and temperate zones. ...
http://www.lifesciences.napier.ac.uk/teaching/Env/Env7oc06.htm
54%
1242. Fujita Research: Earthquake Prediction Report

Article that proposes alternative methods for predicting earthquakes: water level changes,
increases in concentrations of Radon gas in deep wells, low frequency ...
http://www.fujitaresearch.com/reports/earthquakes.html
54%
1243. Geol 101: Lecture 8: Igneous Rocks I

The rate that temperature increases with increasing depth inside the Earth is called the: ... From
how deep does most magma originate? Most magma first accumulates ...
http://www.webpages.uidaho.edu/~simkat/geol101_files/igneousI.html
54%
1244. Geothermal: Bibliographic Citation

Mar 2009 - ...ATLANTIC OCEAN TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT...RIDGE OCEANIC CRUST
TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION TEMPERATURE GRADIENTS DIMENSIONS EARTH CRUST SEAS
SURFACE...vertical temperature profiles...temperature in deep waters was observed to increase
from 3...sur
http://www.osti.gov/geothermal/product.biblio.jsp?query_id=0&page=0&osti_id=5452537
54%
1245. Geotimes - October 2006 - Geocatastrophes
At the same time, however, deep-dwelling ocean fauna suffered a rapid extinction. ... Kennett and
Stott used the oxygen isotopes to find an increase in deep-ocean temperatures ...
http://www.geotimes.org/oct06/feature_Geocatastrophes.html
54%
1246. Glacial/interglacial variations in atmospheric carbon dioxide

in terrestrial carbon storage and in ocean temperature, simple ... the surface ocean. and
atmosphere, it must be driven by an increase in the deep-ocean. nutrient reservoir and ...
http://boyle.mit.edu/~ed/PDFs/Sigman(2000)Nature407_859.pdf
54%
On the preflood crust were deep and shallow seas, and mountains, ... increase with depth inside
the earth. Subterranean water about 10 miles deep would ...
http://www.creationscience.com/onlinebook/HydroplateOverview6.html
54%
1248. marine ecosystems,marine life,marine environment

Sylvia Earle, Deep Sea Ocean Exploration and Research, United States. In the Philippines, ... the
depth of the ocean and discover the specific nature of the sea and the abyss. ...
http://www.unesco.org/courier/1998_08/uk/dossier/txt11.htm
54%
1249. N33750_BSI ocean final

May 2010 - ...correlate depth with temperature. Spilhaus thought...damentals about the ocean—the
effect of temperature and depth on marine...structure of ocean currents, especially...I E N C E S 3
Deep Water Thermocline...Sound (m/s) increase Sonar Wat
http://cioss.coas.oregonstate.edu/CIOSS/Documents/Outreach/Aug07/sounding_oceans_secrets.pd
f
54%
1250. NASA: Aquarius Mission Web Site - Student Outcomes

Plate tectonics and ocean basin formation, deep-water formation and thermohaline circulation, and
carbon ... and is also stored in the ocean, the atmosphere, and the crust of ...
http://www.cosee.net/aquarius/process_ages.php?age=9-12
54%
1251. New Insights into Andesite Genesis: the Role of Mantle-derived Calc-alkalic and
Crust-derived Tholeiitic Melts in Magma ...
Jan 2010 - ...Second, the continental crust, the most differentiated...origin of continental crust and
differentiation processes...crustal reservoirs or in the deep crust close to the Moho
(Sisson...constant SiO 2 content increase with distance from the...
http://intl-petrology.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/egn055v1
54%
1252. NOAA Ocean Explorer: Submarine Ring of Fire 2006: Vent Chemistry
There are thousands of kilometers of volcanic arcs behind deep ocean trenches along the
“convergent margins” where oceanic crust is subducted. ... slab are expelled and cause increased
mantle melting and magma production. ... Molten sulfur can exist ov
http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/yos/multimedia/oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/oceanexplorer.no
aa.gov/explorations/06fire/background/chemistry/chemistry.html
54%
1253. ODP Legacy: Outreach: Press Releases

http://www.odplegacy.org/outreach/press_releases/leg159.html
54%
1254. Permanent carbon dioxide storage in deep-sea sediments Kurt Zenz...

Aug 2006 - ...injecting CO2 into deep-sea sediments...temperatures common in deep-sea
sediments...will slightly increase porosity, which...CO2 into the deep ocean (5, 6), and...the
continental crust, the tempera...the critical temperature of CO2. Under the
http://www.geos.ed.ac.uk/ccs/Publications/Technical/Storage_CO2_deep_sea_House_etal_Proc_na
t_Acad_Sci_06.pdf
54%

Aug 2009 - ...injecting CO2 into deep-sea sediments...temperatures common in deep-sea
http://schraglab.unix.fas.harvard.edu/publications/CV78.pdf
54%

Oct 2008 - ...injecting CO2 into deep-sea sediments...temperatures common in deep-sea
http://academics.eckerd.edu/instructor/hastindw/MS1410-001_FA08/handouts/House_etalPNAS06.
pdf
54%
1257. Subduction : Map (The Full Wiki)

At this point, the density of the oceanic lithosphere increases and it is ... It is at subduction zones
that the Earth's lithosphere, oceanic crust, ... melting temperature of the mantle rock to the point
of actual melting, generating magma. .... are disru
http://maps.thefullwiki.org/Subduction
54%
1258. What if there were no earthquakes? <em>by: Mohi Kumar</em ...

Because wind circulation and ocean circulation are strongly coupled, ... ocean ridges, cools to form
the oceanic crust, and sinks under the more buoyant ...
http://www.yearofscience2009.org/themes_geosciences/2009/10/no-earthquakes.html
54%
1259. Why does the temperature increase the deeper you go down into ...
Nov 6, 2009 ... 1. continental crust - 2. oceanic crust - 3. upper mantle - 4. ... the deeper into the
Earths structure, the warmer the temperature gets. ...
http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20091106233552AA8aGkQ
54%
1260. "Killer" Impacts and Life's Origins - Tiedemann 277 (5332 ...
As the extraction efficiency rises with increasing temperature (5), the higher temperatures should
compensate ... rate of polyphosphate before it could reach the deep ocean. ...
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/277/5332/1687
53%
1261. [PDF]The deep thermal characteristic of continental margin of the ...

The amplitude of increase in mantle heat flow is bigger than that of ... The NCM with
continental-crust and the Central Basin with oceanic-crust respectively ... NCM, we computed the
distribution of deep temperature and heat flow of ...
http://www.scichina.com:8080/kxtbe/fileup/PDF/00ky1717.pdf
53%
1262. Measurement: Appendix

Jan 2008 - ...features of the ocean floors. Identify...planet's crust happen quite...higher the
temperature. This is called...gradient in crust is about 25...11,788 ft deep, temperature is about
90...and pressures increase with depth...
http://ww2.sccsc.edu/Science/Physics/Physical Science/PHS 102/Objectives and Lecture
Outline/PHS101_Ch22.doc
53%
1263. Petrology Quartzite - Stone B2B Marketplace - StoneBuy.com ...

StoneBuy.com - Find Building Material, Granite Countertops, Tiles, Slabs, Vanity tops, Sinks,
granite, marble, slate, sandstone, travertine, limestone, quartzite, ...
http://english.stonebuy.com/information/petrology-quartzite.asp
53%
1264. Postdoctoral Scholars : Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

May 2010 - ...processes in the deep ocean, fellowships...exists. Earth's Deep Biosphere is
an...dynamics of the crust and mantle...composition, temperature, degree of hydration...in the mid-
ocean ridge system...measurements or increase the efficiency...
http://www.whoi.edu/pdfserver.do?url=aHR0cDovL3d3dy53aG9pLmVkdS9wYWdlLmRvP3BpZD03Nj
U1JnByaW50PXRoaXM=
53%
1265. :I24 LPSC XX CRYSTAL SETTLING IN A VIGOROUSLY CONVECTING MAGMA OCEAN....

Mar 2009 - ...CONVECTING MAGMA OCEAN. W. B. Tonks...cooling magma ocean is the
generally...enriched anorthositic crust and the Europium...moon had a magma ocean the earth
should...not have had a deep magma ocean since...liquidus and solidus temperature pro
http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc1989/pdf/1570.pdf
52%
1266. [PDF
temperature, salinity and pressure. increase. Hydroacoustics is the ... deep-ocean floor - the
general region beginning at the. bottom edge of the continental ...
http://oceanlink.island.net/ONews/OceanNewsReader/TG1a.pdf
52%
1267. [PDF]PII: 0016-7037(95)00105-9

with increasing burial depth because temperature increases .... dient and deep ocean temperature
curve (which sets temperature of top box ). ...... simulate cooling of oceanic crust. For site 807,
which sits on ...
http://schraglab.unix.fas.harvard.edu/publications/CV4.pdf
52%
1268. [PDF]Thermal structure and dynamics of subduction zones: insights ...

role of water in the formation of arc volcanism and deep .... conductivity decreases exponentially
with increasing temperature. The effect of pressure is much smaller, ..... depth in the oceanic crust
and topmost mantle with ...
http://www.geo.lsa.umich.edu/~keken/papers/vanKeken_King_PEPI05.pdf
52%
1269. CLASSROOM@SEA PROJECT

Apr 2007 - ...ROGER Q How deep is the water...for Towed Ocean Bottom Instrument...the water:
temperature, salinity...being any crust at this point...for Towed Ocean Bottom Instrument...expect
the temperature to rise in...samples? How deep within the mantle
http://www.soc.ac.uk/gg/classroom@sea/JC007/qa.html
52%
1270. Deep-Sea Coral Evidence for Rapid Change in Ventilation of the Deep...
Mar 2003 - ...mospheric temperature at the Greenland...proxy for deep ventilation...Atlantic Ocean,
and lower...continuous increase in 14 C...change in deep ocean circulation...Atlantic Ocean the
initial...older Pacific deep waters than...led to an increas
http://www.gps.caltech.edu/~jess/DSCScience1997.pdf
52%
1271. GEOL 3035

AVERAGE SALINITY OF OCEANS IS THOUGHT TO HAVE BEEN CONSTANT OVER TIME, SO SINKS
... IS A LAYER OF RAPID TEMPERATURE CHANGE BETWEEN THE SURFACE AND DEEP OCEAN. ...
http://sce.uhcl.edu/Pitts/geoscienceclassnotes\Chapter_14water&life.doc
52%
1272. Geothermal Power - Where Geothermal Energy Comes From ...

Foreword, Mountains in the Sky, Comets Demystified, Asteroids Discovered, How Asteroids and
Comets Formed, Vital Statistics of Asteroids and Comets, Voyages to the ...
http://www.scienceclarified.com/scitech/Energy-Alternatives/Geothermal-Power.html
52%
1273. INTRODUCTION
water, life, atmosphere (weather), earth (crust under ocean), coasts, etc. ... temperature between.
warm surface layer and cold deep layer - up to ½ mls (1 km) deep ...
http://www.elcamino.edu/faculty/jholliday/Course_Materials_files/OCEANOGRAPHY_NOTES__Total
_Spr06.pdf
52%
1274. Oceans and Global Warming

Deep ocean currents also flow across the globe [6] (Why Gaia needs ... currents or both bring the
cold deep nutrient-rich ocean water to the surface. ...
http://www.i-sis.org.uk/OceansGlobalWarming.php
52%
1275. Selective Phylogenetic Analysis Targeting 16S rRNA Genes of Hyperthermophilic

Archaea in the Deep-Subsurface Hot Biosphere - ..
Apr 2009 - ...the highest growth temperature, is known to have a maximum growth temperature of
113°C ( 1...recorded maximum growth temperature, 121°C ( 21 Since...km in regions of crust that
exhibit low thermal...interest in the deep-subsurface biosphere
http://intl-aem.asm.org/cgi/content/full/73/7/2110
52%
1276. Survey of Environmental Geobiochemistry Stephen K. Lower Simon Fraser...
Dec 2006 - ...younger the oldest oceanic crust is about 200 million years...exist at undersea ridges,
new crust is formed from molten mate...melting is due to the rise in temperature associated with
the nearly...solidified lava is transformed into crust by
http://www.chem1.com/acad/pdf/geochem.pdf
52%
1277. Undersea Heat Sources - EdGCM Forums

Increased temperature and water speed, even if they are they are in the ... your question ("what
happens if we increase the deep ocean temperatures") will .... At the ridges especially, the ocean
crust is extremely thin, ...
http://forums.edgcm.columbia.edu/showthread.php?t=673
52%
1278. Answer Key

As for age, the oceanic crust is generated at mid-ocean ridges and destroyed in trenches. ... The
deep water in the Pacific ocean basin comes from the saltier Atlantic. In the ...
http://daphne.palomar.edu/pdeen/Quiz%20Question%20of%20Week/answer_key%20S2009.htm
51%
1279. Antarctic Peninsula/West Antarctica Region

... thus creating a skin-temperature increase since the type of "skin" ... seawater circulation
through the ocean crust." The figure also shows how ...
http://www.appinsys.com/GlobalWarming/RS_AntarcticPeninsula.htm
51%
1280. Chapter 17 Earth's Interior

Jul 2007 - ...drilled into the crust in search of oil...well, a super deep research well...chemical
compositions Crust: thin outer skin3...Pressure and temperature greatly affect...Major Boundaries
Crust-Mantle boundary...underlying mantle Increase in velo
http://web.bryant.edu/~dlm1/sc262/chapters/262ch2k.htm
51%
1281. Diagenetic Alteration of Carbonates

The ocean is an integrating system whose chemistry reflects the ... increase in the hydrothermal
flux to the ocean associated with high temperature alteration of the crust at ...
http://www-personal.umich.edu/~kacey/keyres.html
51%
1282. Earth
As you go deeper into the Earth, both temperature and density increase. ... rocky crust. This is the
surface of Earth. It is a few miles deep but ...
http://library.thinkquest.org/26490/Earth.html
51%
1283. Solar System Fluff

The initial blast would also produce shifting of the crust along fault lines. ... hitting any deep point
in the Pacific (the largest ocean) produces a megatsunami ...
http://www.astronomynotes.com/solfluf/s5.htm
51%
1284. Temperatures of the Terrestrial Sphere

atmosphere and those of the Ocean; it involves organized and immense currents. ... This
distinction between luminous heat and dark heat explains the increase ...
http://geosci.uchicago.edu/~rtp1/papers/Fourier1827Trans.pdf
51%
1285. Earth-Moon
The crust is the outermost 30km or so of rock. The continents and ocean are on the surface of the
crust. ... drives the Earth's temperature up, increasing the energy emitted per ...
http://www.astro.psu.edu/users/steinn/Astro1/lec10.html
50%
1286. EXAM 1
... 4° C, but actually increasing in density with increasing temperature above 4° C. ... 1500 meters
a second, how deep and what kind of ocean basin feature would be indicated by ...
http://ww2.coastal.edu/msci302/mbioex1.htm
50%
1287. Geological Society - Don Anderson joins the Caribbean Debate

Continental crust has been built up over time but it is also destroyed by erosion and ... oceanic
plateaux and thick crust regions require deep mantle plumes ...
http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/gsl/op/prev/geoscientist/page7169.html
50%
1288. Ocean-Atmosp 05-06.pmd

Aug 2008 - ...Sciences has a three-fold mission: to increase the world’s store of
knowledge...knowledge about the atmosphere and the ocean, especially the Pacific North-
west...oceanographic research and is used mainly for deep ocean work. The Elakha, wh
http://oregonstate.edu/registrar/PrintCatalog05-06/Ocean-Atmosp 05-06.pdf
50%
1289. RealClimate: The debate is just beginning — on the Cretaceous!

May 2010 - ...is no independent temperature proxy for the deep ocean, but the
investigators...questionably) that deep ocean temperature did not change much...as it may, the
deep ocean oxygen isotope shift...uncorrected for any temperature effect) was...
http://www.realclimate.org/index.php/archives/2008/01/the-debate-is-just-beginning-on-the-cretac
eous/langswitch_lang/bu
50%
1290. RealClimate: The debate is just beginning — on the Cretaceous!

Jul 2010 - ...is no independent temperature proxy for the deep ocean, but the
investigators...questionably) that deep ocean temperature did not change much...as it may, the
deep ocean oxygen isotope shift...uncorrected for any temperature effect) was...
http://www.realclimate.org/index.php/archives/2008/01/the-debate-is-just-beginning-on-the-cretac
eous/langswitch_lang/fr
50%
1291. SEDIMENTS Sediments cover the ocean floor. The composition and origin...
Feb 2007 - ...levels of the ocean in the tropics...including water temperature,
pressure...concentration. Water temperature: Like all gases...in the cold deep ocean basins
where...Pressure: An increase in pressure...As oceanic crust is subducted...
http://www3.ncc.edu/faculty/bio/fanellis/biosci119/SEDIMENTS.htm
50%
1292. Stratton Report Chapter 5

Mar 2009 - ...coastlines. Large ocean swells breaking on...southern Atlantic Ocean. The
tsunami...the earth's solid crust. A hurricane receives...directly from the ocean and by
condensing...Satellites, data buoys, deep submersibles, modern...understanding
http://www.lib.noaa.gov/noaainfo/heritage/stratton/chapter5.html
50%
1293. CDIAC - Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center - Glossary

The science of measuring ocean depths to determine the topography of the sea floor. ... ocean to
the total ocean CO2 concentration at constant temperature, alkalinity ...
http://cdiac.esd.ornl.gov/pns/glossary.html
49%
1294. Cyprus Environment and Energy (2009)

... rocks, as fossil fuels and in deep ocean waters and do not normally enter the ... two sinks,
essentially land vegetation and the ocean, increasing their uptakes. ...
http://www.cypenv.info/cyprusee/files/climate/sequestration.aspx
49%
1295. doi:10.1016/j.gca.2007.02.001
Aug 2007 - ...altered oceanic crust obtained on ODP...altered oceanic crust (AOC) is
critical...heterogeneous temperature and redox conditions...altered oceanic crust (assuming 6...the
surface and deep Earth, through...magmatism at mid- ocean ridges (MOR..
http://www.lehigh.edu/~geb0/LiAOCNIsotsGCA07.pdf
49%
1296. For those who make the dizzying trip to the ceiling of the Western Hemisphere to gaze
at the deep blue waters of Lake Titicaca,
Jul 2009 - ...Hemisphere to gaze at the deep blue water of Lake...above the Pacific Ocean, there is
the...with the enormous ocean (mamaquta or jach...in the earth's crust that became mountain
caves, springs...some senses not a deep contradiction...develope
http://lasa.international.pitt.edu/members/congress-papers/lasa2009/files/WilliamsHeather.pdf
49%
1297. CO2, Temperatures, and Ice Ages | Watts Up With That?

It is generally accepted that CO2 is lagging temperature in Antarctic graphs. ... temperature
increase, and then an almost just as big, but a less ...
http://wattsupwiththat.com/2009/01/30/co2-temperatures-and-ice-ages/
48%
1298. Constraining oceanic dust deposition using surface ocean dissolved Al...
Aug 2006 - ...decrease pCO 2 in the ocean not only through stimulating...sulting nitrogen could
increase oceanic primary productivity...and Henderson, 1998] increase input of Si could
lead...decrease the global temperature by 1°C [Zhuang et...deposition t
http://dust.ess.uci.edu/qhan/write-up/proposal.pdf
48%
1299. To What Extent Does Terrestrial Life Follow The Water?

May 2010 - ...The Pressure-Temperature Phase...subsurface pressure and temperature gradients of
Earth are...between the ?Ocean salinity water? and...chambers in the crust, surface...in Fig. 3 the
temperature at the summit...environments such as d
http://www.mso.anu.edu.au/~charley/papers/JonesLineweaver2010.pdf
48%
1300. US NSF - GEO - OCE - The Future of Basic Research in the ...
Given the rapid increase in Lagrangian measurements by drifting and profiling ... from the deep
Earth, hydrothermal circulation in ocean crust and sediments, or ...
http://www.nsf.gov/geo/oce/whatis/futures.jsp
48%
1301. Put our citizens before science - Auburn Journal

The deep ocean is acting as our global heat sink and the temperatures in the deep ocean are
warming and this ... Maybe the deep ocean temperature increase is because the molted ...
http://auburnjournal.com/detail/153266.html
47%
1302. Water at Ocean Vents Isn't Water—It's a Gas-Liquid Hybrid ...

You've heard about the freaky animals at ocean vents. Now check out the freaky water. Visit
Discover Magazine to read this article and other exclusive science and ...
http://discovermagazine.com/2008/nov/05-water-at-ocean-vents-isn.t-water-gas-liquid-hybrid
47%
1303. #Delaney1rev1
Dec 2005 - ...of Diking at Mid-Ocean Ridges J. R. Delaney...portion of the oceanic crust has formed
through...thrive in high-temperature anaerobic environments...and cracks within deep, volcanically
ac...life forms. The ocean basins cover nearly...to 6 km
http://www.ocean.washington.edu/courses/oc410/2005/Delaney.pdf
46%
1304. deep sea-6.indd

Jun 2005 - ...Antarctica and the deep seabed. In the absence...definition of the term “deep
seabed,” this report...designate the seabed and ocean floor and its subsoil...environments is likely
to increase. Not only will this...knowledge of extreme ocea
http://update.unu.edu/downloads/DeepSeabed.pdf
46%
1305. deep sea-7.2.indd

Jul 2005 - ...Antarctica and the deep seabed. In the absence...definition of the term “deep seabed,”
this report...designate the seabed and ocean floor and its subsoil...environments is likely to
increase. Not only will this...knowledge of extreme ocea
http://www.ias.unu.edu/binaries2/DeepSeabed.pdf
46%
1306. http://www.tulane.edu/~sanelson/eens212/ocean_basins.htm
Feb 2010 - ...submarines to the ocean floor. Numerous...through oceanic crust. Ophiolites
occur...onto continental crust. During this...consisting of deep sea sediments...there is a sharp
increase in the density...the base of the crust, and is thus...snake
http://www.tulane.edu/~sanelson/eens212/ocean_basins.pdf
46%
1307. [PDF
assuming purely conductive heat transfer, temperature. pro les obtained from beneath the ... of
Greenland Sea Deep Water and Arctic Ocean Deep Water ...
http://paleomag.geology.ucdavis.edu/research/acton/Publications/2006_Harris-SciDrilling.pdf
45%
1308. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2007.06.013
Jul 2007 - ...lower oceanic crust the limited duration...over a narrow temperature interval, suggest
that high-temperature fluid flow in...Keywords: oceanic crust hydrothermal...diffusion Hess Deep 1.
Introduction...circulation at mid-ocean ridges pro...
http://www2.ess.ucla.edu/~manning/pdfs/c07.pdf
45%
1309. EARTH SCIENCE: ON THE MOUNTAINS OF OMAN AND OCEAN-FLOOR ROCKS

Dec 2004 - ...outcrop of ocean crust and upper mantle...is not any old ocean floor, but a...base of
the thin crust on which we live...measuring the temperature of Earth's interior...SCIENCE: THE
OCEAN FLOOR AND THE...that the linear increase in the age of.
http://scienceweek.com/2004/sc041210-2.htm
45%
1310. Gas Hydrates - Geophysical studies of marine gas hydrate in Northern Cascadia
Mar 2009 - ...reflection systems and for ocean bottom seismographs...the very high resolution
Deep-Tow Acoustics/Geophysics...sources, and studies using ocean bottom seismographs The...to
be correlated to an increase in BSR reflection strength...data (top)
http://gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/gashydrates/ncascadia/index_e.php
45%
1311. Geological Society of America - April Geology and GSA Today media highlights
May 2009 - ...temperatures at 28 ocean islands by Putirka. These temperature estimates...28
volcanic ocean islands is...signal from the deep mantle this...continental crust. Putirka...continental
crust. Sedimentary...and extreme increase in global...distri
http://www.newsrx.com/article.php?articleID=927719
45%
1312. Journals — Welcome to ChemWeb

May 2009 - ...Mooney pp. 90-103 Deep seismic reflection...lower continental crust of the Southern
Granulite...evolution of the deep crust, including...of thallium in the ocean crust by Sune
G...magnitude of the high temperature water flux of mid...
http://www.chemweb.com/journals/journals?type=issue&jid=0012821X&iid=02510001
45%
1313. Microsoft Word - Oceanography Review Test Section 1.doc

Jan 2005 - ...depression in crust and filled by ocean. 2. Gradual change in temperature with
depth...of brown, deep-sea sedimentary...continental crust bulges downward...14. The ocean is
older...abundant in the deep ocean because...increases as temperature
http://www.eas.slu.edu/People/KChauff/ocean/Oceanography_Review_Tests_1.pdf
45%
1314. RealClimate - Comments on Does a Global Temperature Exist?

Aug 2009 - ...ocean or atmosphere-ocean energy is potentially...system. Thermodynamic
temperature determined as simple...humans have a normal core temperature of around 37 degrees
C, and an increase in core temperature above approximately 38...
http://www.realclimate.org/?comments_popup=422
45%

When an ocean plate edge collides with a continental plate its denser ... rock found there is
deep-ocean sediment or ocean crust origin which was scraped ...
http://www.yale.edu/ynhti/curriculum/units/1991/6/91.06.05.x.html
44%
1316. APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY, Dec. 2005, p. 8773–8783 Vol....
Dec 2005 - ...may be common to deep subsurface habitats...oceanic and terrestrial deep subsur-
face settings...of the terrestrial crust contains 9.5 106...and associated with deep terrestrial
hydrologic...University, Department of Ocean- ography, Tallahass
http://foo.maths.uq.edu.au/~huber/doc/papers/duane2005.pdf
44%
1317. Ocean salinities show an intensified water cycle - Worldnews.com

CSIRO Wealth from Oceans scientist, Dr Susan Wijffels, who shares the helm of the world's largest
ocean monitoring program aimed at reducing uncertainties ...
http://article.wn.com/view/2010/04/14/Ocean_salinities_show_an_intensified_water_cycle/
44%
1318. Some simulations are showing rapid change in climate features, for example in the
surface temperature in the latitude band of U
Feb 2006 - ...averaged surface temperature [Lenton, 2000...1991] OCEAN 4-compartment...waters,
and deep ocean...patterns of temperature change in...Southern Ocean warms slowly...warming of
the deep ocean. The North...Figure 3 Air temperature change...
http://quantum.leeds.ac.uk/~markw/papers/Millennial cc Tyndall report to EA.pdf
44%
1319. Gaia Hyopothesis

Dec 2008 - ...a constant surface temperature, assuming current...will find that the temperature has
fallen by 4...sea level (as in a deep depression at the...equivalent rise in temperature. A 10 percent
increase in atmospheri pressure...
http://www.dhushara.com/book/diversit/extra/lovelock/gaia.htm
43%
1320. NOAA/PMEL is a leader in developing ocean observational systems

Feb 2009 - ...microorganisms from deep sea vent systems...Purpose: Deep-sea
hydrothermal...simultaneously measure temperature and collect...the oceanic crust, little is...the
oceanic crust, using diffuse...measurements of ocean currents, temperature, salin
http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/home/accomp/opplan00.html
43%
1321. Opportunities and Priorities in Arctic Geoscience

May 2010 - ...reconstructions of the Arctic Ocean Basin and its environs...seek to determine the
deep crustal structure of the...through the acquisition of deep (crustal) seismic
refraction...oceanography of the Arctic Ocean Basin through geologic...sliver
http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=1842&page=19
43%
1322. untitled
Jun 2008 - ...implications for deep-sea carbon...unsedimented ocean crust at the sea
floor...significantly increase species richness...in the other deep-sea libraries...in basaltic ocean
crust include hydrothermal...carbon in the deep sea is recalcitrant..
http://fire.biol.wwu.edu/cmoyer/research/Santelli_crust_diversity_nat08.pdf
43%
1323. 972 nent of emissions from steel mills and vehi- cle exhaust, primary...
Aug 2006 - ...under lower temperature regimes...chemolithotrophic deep biosphere. As the ocean
crust cools and...View from the deep-submergence...vent on the ocean floor. Known as...Earth’s
crust, at a temperature of 365°C. Deep-sea vents...
http://cas.bellarmine.edu/tietjen/Secret/Hydrocarbons from Vents.pdf
42%
1324. doi:10.1016/j.dsr.2004.10.002
Apr 2007 - ...in the Southern Ocean this study brings...phytoplankton and that its increase through
depth...and show that deep Baxs fluxes from...export to the ocean. Inter and intra...Cardinal et al.
/ Deep-Sea Research I...with the Baxs increase in the m
http://www.vub.ac.be/ANCH/publications/Cardinal_et_al_DSR_2005.pdf
42%
1325. Microsoft Word - 1Oceanote-2010.doc

Jan 2010 - ...geolithosphere both temperature and pressure increase, but at
different...discontinuity Crust - except for...exceeds that of temperature and the rocks...change of
temperature with depth...the outermost crust - in some areas of the ocean, near
http://www.eas.slu.edu/People/KChauff/ocean/2010/1Oceanote_2010.pdf
42%
1326. Name: _1)

A) The continental crust is thicker and less dense than the ... but temperature and pressure.
decrease. C) density and temperature increase, but pressure ...
http://users.freshpond.net/a/ayerahs/3761/617/Earth%20Quakes%20and%20Earth's%20Interior.p
df
42%
1327. PowerPoint Presentation

Jan 2008 - ...along with older ocean crust). Large igneous...caused a dramatic increase in sea
level...on continent. Temperature of seawater...shape of the ocean basins). Amount...produces a
hotter crust, and a more...flux) is in the deep ocean basins...
http://courses.washington.edu/ocean450/figures_09/Week2B_Cret_09.ppt
42%
1328. 07Tomascak.qxd
Feb 2007 - ...d7Li of ocean crust (Seyfried et...heavy Li into the deep mantle. The
interesting...produced by low-temperature reactions. Retention...arcs and to the deep mantle.
SOURCES...the continental crust is predominantly...devolatilized mid-ocean ri
http://www.oswego.edu/geo_classes/ptgeo100/reprints/Tomascak_Geology_00.pdf
41%
1329. 07Tomascak.qxd
Jun 2007 - ...d7Li of ocean crust (Seyfried et...heavy Li into the deep mantle. The
interesting...produced by low-temperature reactions. Retention...arcs and to the deep mantle.
SOURCES...the continental crust is predominantly...devolatilized mid-ocean ri
http://chuma.cas.usf.edu/~ryan/TomascekRyan.pdf
41%
1330. Environment- Ocean

May 2007 - ...differences in water temperature and salt content...for the Atlantic Ocean. The water
at...by upwelling of deep water. Upwelling...rapid change in temperature with depth, that...the
warm surface ocean from the cold deep waters, in tropical...
http://www.lifesciences.napier.ac.uk/teaching/Env/Env7ocean.html
41%
1331. Microsoft Word - East-West.070925.final.doc
Sep 2007 - ...forams are microscopic shelled animals living in the deep ocean. In the absence of
large ice sheets, as during...18 O, in the forams provides a direct measure of deep ocean
temperature where the forams lived. Thus ocean sediment cores...
http://www.columbia.edu/~jeh1/East-West_070925.pdf
41%
1332. Plate Tectonics Study Guide

Feb 2005 - ...Atlantic Ridge. • Ocean basins are geologically...is evident from deep sea
drilling...continental crust is 3.8+billion...basalt reaches the ocean floor where it...and the adjacent
deepâ€ ocean floor. These...as new oceanic crust was created
http://hurri.kean.edu/~anderson/ppt/studyguides/geology/Plate Tect Study.htm
41%
1333. 1016 1016..1020

May 2006 - ...tectonically exposed lower crust, however, make the relevance...observations to
intact ocean crust ques- tionable. Previous deep drilling in intact crust...gabbro boundary in intact
ocean crust since the inception of deep sea drilling nearly
http://paleomag.ucdavis.edu/research/acton/Publications/2006-Wilson-Science.pdf
40%
1334. GREENIE WATCH

March, April, May and June set records, making 2010 the warmest year worldwide ... Baltimore and
Washington last winter, is likely to increase because storms ...
http://antigreen.blogspot.com/
40%
1335. Microsoft Word - EL124jun2005.DOC

Jun 2006 - ...mantle and crust) of...effect will an increase in water vapour...Earth’s temperature?
Warming...Effects of ocean currents...production Temperature variations...temperature? Increase
temperatures...compositions of ocean crust and continental
http://www2.glos.ac.uk/offload/subjectsandcourses/undergraduatefields/el1/exam/el124/jun2005.p
df
40%
1336. Online Dictionary of Marine Science Terms | Monterey Bay Aquarium

A glossary of scientific terms related to the ocean and marine life from the Monterey Bay Aquarium,
Monterey, California.
http://www.montereybayaquarium.org/AquariumLibraryWeb/ui/glossary/glossarySearch.aspx
40%
1337. SAMS News Oct 05

Nov 2007 - ...coastal waters to the Arctic Ocean. SAMS is funded by an agreement...International
Symposium Deep-Sea Corals 28 November...is collected from the deep Antarctic seabed using...in
the vastness of the ocean surrounded by ice, it is...fishing pra
http://www.sams.ac.uk/learned_society/learned_society/pdf/NL31.pdf
40%
1338. WC&PRURC 1997 Funded Research

Mar 2009 - ...VanDover - International Deep-Sea Biology Symposium...surveyed with a temperature
probe and either...directly related to increase in soft tissue biomass...these autotrophic deep-sea
communities...Washington, using a deep water submersible...B
http://www.westnurc.uaf.edu/1997funded.html
40%
1339. Evolution and Differentiation of the Continental Crust - Cambridge University Press
Mar 2009 - ...growth of the continental crust in an episodic manner, but with a major increase in
the growth rate in...and 6). Continental crust generated during the...petrologic processes increase
the long-term thermal...stability of the continental crust
http://www.cambridge.org/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=9780521066068&ss=exc
39%
1340. Microsoft Word - Earth Science Remediation.doc

Nov 2008 - ...such as weather and ocean circulation. The...rising toward the upper crust does not
reach the surface...with other landmasses, ocean crust has been created and...especially
accelerated by the increase in surface area. Chemical...
http://eagles.midway.edu/ted/Remediation/PraxisII/documents/Science/EarthScienceRemediation.p
df
39%
1341. Ohmori 5ICG-03(03/12/2)

Jun 2008 - ...several types of ocean basalts in...mantle at the temperature of about 1...The most
deep magmatic...tropical Atlantic Ocean’s rift zone...earth’s crust accretion...volcanism, an increase
in the thickness...stands for ocean depth, and...th
http://gidimap.giub.uni-bonn.de:9080/geomorph/themen/docs-themen/evolution-of-the-ocean-floo
r
39%
1342. Plate tectonics

May 2009 - ...either side of a mid-ocean ridge, plate tectonics...power. Study of the deep ocean
floor was critical...theory the field of deep sea marine geology...nearly adiabatic temperature
gradient. This division...core, mantle, and crust. The lithosph
http://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/link-suggestion/wpcd_2008-09_augmented/wp/p/Plate_tectonics.h
tm
39%
1343. Plate tectonics: Facts, Discussion Forum, and Encyclopedia Article

Apr 2009 - ...core, mantle, and crust. The lithosphere contains both crust and some
mantle...depending on its temperature, pressure and shear...pieces of the Earth's Crust and
uppermost mantle...range of the Atlantic Ocean and Arctic Ocean that...
http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Plate_tectonics
39%
1344. 6 chapter Overall assessment 8585 6.1 Introduction This chapter...

Dec 2000 - ...not applicable. ocean resources in the...8% of global ocean primary
production...replacement. Deep-water species...it would merely increase the discards...intermittent
and to increase when quotas of...Economic returns from deep-sea fishing...
http://www.sahfos.ac.uk/climate encyclopaedia/pdfs/R5C6.pdf
38%
1345. EurekAlert! - Science News: Marine Science Portal

Mar 2009 - ...18-Jun-2008 Nature Ocean temperatures and sea level...research suggests that ocean
temperature and associated sea level...fund postdoc's study of deep-sea methane A L'Oreal...Laura
Lapham lapham@ocean.fsu.edu 850-645...
http://www.eurekalert.org/marinescience/releases.php?&start=250
38%
1346. Geological Data Center at Scripps Institution of Oceanography
Jun 2010 - ...Observations include temperature, current...the Pacific Ocean that is organized...flow,
and crust/mantle coupling...Symbionts of Deep-sea Mussels...500 km using Ocean Botton
Seismoters.in crust and anomalously deep water. Cruise...US Global O
http://gdc.ucsd.edu/index.php?page=0089&table=cruise_info&field=cruise_narrative
38%
1347. Glossary of Terms Abyssal plain relating to ocean depths from 2000 to...
Aug 2003 - ...Fahrenheit a temperature scale with...warming an increase in the average
temperature of the earth...sustained increase sufficient to...Stream a warm ocean current of...body
of water deep enough to provide...includes the crust and the upper pa
http://www.csr.utexas.edu/grace/education/activities/pdf/Glossary_of_Terms.pdf
38%
1348. HOFER, MARKUS, FRANK PEETERS, WERNER AESCHBACH-HERTIG, MATTHIAS

BRENNWALD, JOHANNES HOLOCHER, DAVID M. LIVINGSTONE, VLADIMIR ...
Apr 2006 - ...estimate of the deep-water residence...heated to room temperature, and the...the
continental crust (Mamyrin and...the gas at the temperature and salinity of...interplay between
deep-water mixing...water that has a temperature that is typicall
http://www.iup.uni-heidelberg.de/institut/forschung/groups/aquasys/WAH/publications/papers/Hof
er_02_LO.pdf
38%
1349. Microsoft Word - 48481B1F-03BE-285F7A.doc

Aug 2008 - ...funnel holds the temperature sensor on top...order to keep the temperature sensor in
position...regularly outputted a temperature printout to...of the ROV to increase its
mobility...studying mid-ocean ridges. Since...found around deep-sea hyd
http://www.marinetech.org/rov_competition/2008/tech_reports/2008 team technical
reports/RANGER/Thomas Jefferson Tech Report.pdf
38%
1350. The Inside of Earth: Deep-Earth Science from the Top Down
Apr 2008 - ...completely covered by ocean. Now, continents...escape through an ocean basin.
Seismologists...the age of the ocean floor (white lines...survive today, deep inside Earth,
or...expanding Earth: new crust was clearly being...at the melting tempe
http://eands.caltech.edu/articles/Anderson Feature.pdf
38%
1351. Water at Ocean Vents Isn't Water—It's a Gas-Liquid Hybrid ...

You've heard about the freaky animals at ocean vents. Now check out the freaky water. Visit
Discover Magazine to read this article and other exclusive science and ...
http://discovermagazine.com/2008/nov/05-water-at-ocean-vents-isn.t-water-gas-liquid-hybrid/?sea
rchterm=ethanol
38%
1352. Climate change - TipThePlanet

For information on temperature measurements over various periods, and the data ... global and
local patterns of climate and atmosphere-ocean circulation. ...
http://www.tiptheplanet.com/wiki/Climate_change
37%
1353. Course Notes

Aug 2009 - ...erosion Observations: • Temperature: HOT! 1000-1200ºC...Minerals most common
(in crust): c. 50% Silica...Silica Lots = Viscous Temperature Low = Viscous Volatiles Lots =
Fluid...Desert Varnish black crust coating rocks growth of bacteria..
http://dnn.epcc.edu/Faculty/kdevaney/1403 Course Notes.html
37%
1354. Earth-Pages Archive News, Geochemistry

Temperature dependent thermal diffusivity of the Earth's crust and implications for ... ocean floor
produced by uplift that the collision of a plume head with deep crust would ...
http://www.earth-pages.com/archive/Geochemistry.asp
37%
1355. Evolution and Differentiation of the Continental Crust - Cambridge University Press
Oct 2009 - ...growth of the continental crust in an episodic manner, but with a major increase in
the growth rate in...and 6). Continental crust generated during the...petrologic processes increase
the long-term thermal...stability of the continental crust
http://www.cup.cam.ac.uk/uk/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=9780521066068&ss=exc
37%
1356. 1529-6466/00/0047-0008$10.00 Noble Gas Isotope Geochemistry of...

Nov 2005 - ...context, mid-ocean ridge and ocean island basalts provide...lithosphere and crust.
Mid-ocean ridge basalts...reaches its solidus temperature, and MORBs are...boundary layer in the
deep mantle (e.g...a factor of 3 increase with the addition...
http://mgg.coas.oregonstate.edu/~david/Publications/Graham2002.pdf
36%
1357. 4. Building of a Habitable Planet HERVE´ MARTIN Laboratoire Magmas et...

Jan 2007 - ...atmosphere and ocean formation, Late...of continental crust large enough...conti-
nental crust has been dated. Exposed...the terrestrial ocean. Consequently...fractionation, due to a
temperature-dependent...a temperature increase of worth...b
http://we.vub.ac.be/~dglg/Web/Claeys/Pubs/Martin-etal-06a.pdf
36%
1358. Continental Drift Basics on Tectonic Plate Movement

... and weak points to compensate from the deep depression within Earth's crust on ... upwards
toward the surface of the ocean and then spread, instead of initiating a ...
http://www.grantchronicles.com/astro148.htm
36%
1359. ESM 203: Ice in the climate system

Nov 2007 - ...between continental crust and ocean crust: lithology, density...distribution of
continents and ocean basins affects patterns...volume, atmospheric CO2 Deep Pacific temperature
Ocean ?18O (ice volume...762 years ago Rapid increase in ?18O
http://fiesta.bren.ucsb.edu/~dozier/Class/ESM203/Lecture/17ClimateObservations.ppt
36%
1360. Untitled Document

Feb 2000 - ...Conduction from surface ocean to deep - less important...place in the surface ocean is
that hot...at an even lower temperature. (There will always...freezes. - Progressive increase in
density promotes...cm^3 - cold, deep waters1.028 g...
http://ijolite.geology.uiuc.edu/02SprgClass/geo117D/lectures/Lect15.html
36%
1361. 2010 June | OceanGuy
When two parts of the Earth's crust break apart, this does not always cause ... and sea surface
temperature in the North Atlantic Ocean affect drought in the ...
http://www.oceanguy.us/2010/06/
35%
1362. 3
Nov 2001 - ...the Earth s crust, and the...temperatures. An increase in the temperature of
rocks...pressures in the crust these magmas...Conditions of high temperature and/or...develop in
the crust and these...consequent on deep burial within...troughs the
http://www.envf.port.ac.uk/geog/teaching/environ/text/sect3-5.htm
35%
1363. 80005 367..373

Oct 2003 - ...across the crust, penetrating deep into the mantle...the entire ocean trench slope...of
the cold crust and upper...surrounding these deep active faults...scarp in the ocean plate
separates...km-thick crust, magnetic...fault throws increase fr
http://szseminar.asu.edu/readings/Nature_Ranero_2003.pdf
35%
1364. Effects of Light Adaptation on the Temporal Resolution of Deep-sea Crustaceans -

Frank 43 (4): 559 - Integrative and ...
Jun 2009 - ...photoreceptors of 13 species of deep-sea crustaceans. Light...produced a significant
increase in the maximum critical...the first example of an increase in temporal resolution...light
adaptation in a deep-sea species. In the...4 6°C (the wat
http://icb.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/43/4/559
35%
1365. Magnetic Lineations in the Ancient Crust of Mars - Connerney et al. 284 (5415): 794 -
Science
May 2010 - ...An attempt to increase the spatial resolution...Mars highlands crust is on average
an...terrestrial continental crust 10 ). The martian crust may have been magnetized...below a
critical temperature (Curie temperature...active dynamo in its de
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/284/5415/794?ijkey=KWc4TConG1b7.
35%
1366. MOR7.PDF
Aug 2003 - ...the global mid-ocean ridge system still...far the Indian Ocean Ridge system
(IORS...CH4) and a temperature anomaly of + 0.05...tions of Fe–Mn crust, manganese nodule...in
the Indian Ocean, shows a spike of...exhibits a notable increase in 3
http://www.ias.ac.in/currsci/aug102003/321.pdf
35%
1367. Comparative review of key licence terms and conditions in the context of investment in
Irish E&P and fulfilment of policy obje
Sep 2008 - ...Continental to Oceanic crust as recorded by magnetic...Renaissance: Stretching the
Crust and Extending Exploration...G. et al Broad versus Deep: Viewing the
Steershead...Renaissance: Stretching the Crust and Extending Exploration...crustal th
http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/webdav/site/GSL/shared/pdfs/events/abstracts/Abstract Book Main
Content.pdf
34%
1368. gc000568 1..24

Nov 2006 - ...composition of mid-ocean ridge basalt...and potential temperature in
ridge-hotspot...in potential temperature explains the...crustal thickness increase of 4 km
approaching...Region: Atlantic Ocean. Received 11...opportunity for deep understan
http://www.rsmas.miami.edu/divs/mgg/People/Faculty/DixonJ/Publications/pdfs/Asimowetal04.pdf
34%
1369. ORI GI NAL PAPER J. W. Valley Æ J. S. Lackey Æ A. J. Cavosie C. C....

Aug 2007 - ...comparison with the crust, two vertical...altered by high temperature hydrothermal
fluids...ization that low temperature water–rock...component of the crust (Balsley and
Gregory...gabbros Continental Crust Meteoric water Sediments...zircons
http://www.ufpe.br/ansial/Valley et al MCP, v. 150, 2005.pdf
34%
1370. PII: B012227430X002555

Sep 2007 - ...volume taken up by ocean ridges would decrease...volume of the ocean basin
available for water would increase and a sea level...due to changing ocean ridge volumes...two
continents Deep ocean New ridge...of continental crust by generating...
http://curry.eas.gatech.edu/Courses/6140/ency/Chapter10/Ency_Oceans/Sea_Level_Variations.pdf
34%
1371. Seismic velocity discontinuities in the crust and uppermost mantle beneath the Kanto
district, central Japan, identified...
Igarashi, T.,Gondwana Research,16(3),p.491-503,Dec 2009 - ...conversion points in the crust and
the uppermost...we did not use deep borehole stations over 300 m in depth and ocean bottom
stations...velocity gradient to the deep crust in this region...layer
drill=yes&md5=fe7160bf0d532841bef387e53c289a64
34%
1372. Astro-Venture Geology Training Script

Oct 2003 - ...spreading rapidly. Ocean floor is building...very rapidly. The ocean floods the
land...lithosphere would create ocean crust so quickly that...Volcanism would also increase.
Astro-Facts...extreme pressure and temperature deep within the Earth.
http://quest.nasa.gov/projects/astrobiology/astroventure/geology/training/AVStraining_geol.html
33%
1373. Chapter 1 - The Ocean as a Habitat

Jan 2005 - ...II. Charting the Deep: A History of Marine...Different View of the Ocean Floor A. The
theory...Relationship between crust and mantle 3. What...warming IV. The World Ocean A. Earth is
the only...in the ocean? How deep is it? b. Conditions...te
http://www.westminster.edu/staff/athrock/MarineBiology/Outlines/Chapter01.pdf
33%
1374. Characterization and P-T Evolution of Melt-bearing Ultrahigh-temperature Granulites:

an Example from the Anapolis-Itaucu ...
Mar 2009 - ...kbar. This ultrahigh-temperature metamorphism occurred...sapphirine quartz
ultrahigh-temperature metamorphism INTRODUCTION...modification of the continental crust (e.g.
Harley, 1989...The term ultrahigh-temperature (UHT) metamorphism...therma
http://petrology.oupjournals.org/cgi/content/full/43/9/1673
33%
1375. Deep global cycling of carbon constrained by the solidus of anhydrous, carbonated
eclogite under upper mantle...
Dasgupta, R. / Hirschmann, M.M. / Withers, A.C.,Earth and Planetary Science
Letters,227(1),p.73-85,Oct 2004 - ...GPa, respectively. Thus, deep subduction of carbonate...an
effective agent of deep mantle metasomatism. Comparison...partial melting eclogite o
drill=yes&md5=d69c483fb1a68c85bdcb6d49de178efe
33%
1376. FreeBooknotes.com - Mesozoic from Wikipedia

Temperatures continued to increase and began to stabilize. Humidity ... C in the deep ocean) may
have been too warm for sea life, and land areas near ...
http://www.freebooknotes.com/wiki/Mesozoic
33%
1377. IUGG 2003 Scientific Program

Nov 2009 - ...term in-situ Ocean Observatories...OBSERVATIONS OF TEMPERATURE AND
SELF-POTENTIAL IN THE OCEAN CRUST Keizo SAYANAGI...KINOSHITA(Deep Sea
Research...Measurements of temperature and electromagnetic...showed a sudden increase and
gentle decrease
http://www.jamstec.go.jp/jamstec-e/iugg/htm/abstract/abst/jss03/014461-1.html
33%
1378. Predictions of hydrothermal alteration within near-ridge oceanic crust from

coordinated geochemical and fluid flow...
Wetzel, L.R. / Raffensperger, J.P. / Shock, E.L.,Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal
Research,110(3),p.319-341,Oct 2001 - ...basalt. This increase in water-to-rock...progressing from
high temperature alteration at...within the oceanic crust will have its
drill=yes&md5=8b0dc31be9d44d2f3e163cbab237178e
33%
1379. 2004 Annual Report.doc

Mar 2005 - ...implications for uppermost ocean crust stratigraphy and hydrothermal...circulation.
In: Mid-Ocean Ridges Hydrothermal Interactions...and Daniel Frye. Deep ocean experience with
acoustic...and Robert A. Weller. Temperature and salt balances on
http://cecelia.whoi.edu/CONTRIB/contrib-annrep-2004.pdf
32%
1380. Heat-flow and hydrothermal circulation at the ocean-continent transition of the

eastern gulf of Aden
Lucazeau, F. / Leroy, S. / Rolandone, F. / d'Acremont, E. / Watremez, L. / Bonneville, A. /
Goutorbe, B. / Dusunur, D.,Earth and Planetary Science Letters,295(3),p.554-570,Jul 2010 -
...Levitus and Boyer, 1994) and temperature-depth profiles obtained with.
drill=yes&md5=80b88c3d49489224ea17fec5fb89e1de
32%
1381. High-temperature deformation during continental-margin subduction & exhumation:

The ultrahigh-pressure Western Gneiss...
Hacker, B.R. / Andersen, T.B. / Johnston, S. / Kylander-Clark, A.R.C. / Peterman, E.M. / Walsh,
E.O. / Young, D.,Tectonophysics,480(1),p.149-171,Jan 2010 - ...general northwestward increase: i)
the intensity...Fig. 10 High-temperature foliation trajectorie
drill=yes&md5=d0c8388ad79aa4bc474c860c6d0779d7
32%
1382. In the news

Trends in Analytical Chemistry,29(3),p.iii-iix,Mar 2010 - ...which will increase test clarity...through
the ocean crust and reacts...ancient ocean crust. The researchers...of scientific deep- ocean drilling
by...the oceanic crust pro- ratios of seawater...
drill=yes&md5=91ab1f223848b80a5b05a7fac7bebcae
32%
1383. Microsoft Word - B-RefList.doc

Aug 2005 - ...Percolation in the crust derived from distortion...L. Kohlstedt, High temperature creep
of olivine single...Kohlstedt, High-temperature creep of olivine single...Aqueous Fluids in the Deep
Crust, Geophys. Res. Lett...
http://www.msi.umn.edu/~davey/B-RefList.pdf
32%
1384. Microsoft Word - Lec1_6_glossary_27aug08.doc

Feb 2009 - ...side of a deep ocean trench, under...gas-rich crust is being subducted...Earth's crust
because of...Earth's crust that occurs...Expansion. The increase in volume...increase of
temperature. Transform...offset mid-ocean ridges the...
http://www.smast.umassd.edu/OCEANOL/courses/mar110/lecture_outlines/Lec1_6_glossary_27aug
08.pdf
32%
1385. Subject index

Deep-Sea Research Part B. Oceanographic Literature Review,34(12),p.53-386,Jan 1987 -
...composition, evolution crust TALl program prospectus...anic Aleutian Arc crust, continental,
within...Plutonic Complex: crust, growth, and regional...hydrogen peroxide,
drill=yes&md5=51e31b3164f8ae0c648b7655bd6da6b7
32%
1386. Hadal trenches: the ecology of the deepest places on Earth

Jamieson, A.J. / Fujii, T. / Mayor, D.J. / Solan, M. / Priede, I.G.,Trends in Ecology &
Evolution,25(3),p.190-197,Mar 2010 - ...magnified inset of the deep-water temperature (inset), in
this...Trench, SW Pacific Ocean. The adiabatic temperature rise can be
drill=yes&md5=dd0b9a1a40b1646d2bbe66965d18bf23
31%
1387. Low ´18O in the Icelandic mantle and its origins: Evidence from Reykjanes Ridge and
Icelandic lavas
Thirlwall, M.F. / Gee, M.A.M. / Lowry, D. / Mattey, D.P. / Murton, B.J. / Taylor, R.N.,Geochimica et
Cosmochimica Acta,70(4),p.993-1019,Feb 2006 - ...whole-rock delta18O for ocean crust lithologies
Association...Drill core 10 Hess Deep, EPR - 2.2 6.5..
drill=yes&md5=1d5c6997f364d74094ba2a2e5c635586
31%
1388. Earth's twilight zone is simply teeming with life - bacteria ...
Increase in confining pressure causes an. increase in melting temperature. Drop in ... Second group
is confined to the deep. ocean basins (basaltic lavas) ...
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/education/4792852/Earths-twilight-zone-is-simply-teeming-with-life-ba
cteria-by-the-zillions.html
30%
1389. Geological Society - If not plumes, what?

May 2010 - ...High-temperature estimates...that can increase the MgO content...Slow regions deep
in the mantle...called ocean-island...involving ocean crust and adjacent...up with a deep mantle
plume...subducted ocean crust in the form...quite low temperat
http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/gsl/site/GSL/lang/en/page5315.html
30%
1390. gl031671 1..5

Jun 2008 - ...and the temperature. Figure...hydrates. An increase in water temperature at the
seafloor...1995]. Deep ocean surveys...1%/yr increase in atmospheric CO2, the temperature at the
seafloor...the bulk ocean temperature...intervals. [8] Deep, cold
http://www.netl.doe.gov/technologies/oil-gas/publications/Hydrates/reports/G302_GeophysicalRevi
ew_Nov07.pdf
30%
1391. Zetetic Astronomy, Earth Not A Globe: Chapter XIII. The ...
Zetetic Astronomy, Earth Not A Globe, by 'Parallax' (pseud. Samuel Birley Rowbotham), at
sacred-texts.com ... upon another, and then again burying them deep beneath its foaming ...
http://www.sacred-texts.com/earth/za/za31.htm
30%
1392. An ultraslow-spreading class of ocean ridge Henry J. B. Dick, Jian...

Jan 2010 - ...ridge in the Arctic Ocean: an 1,800-km...resulting in thicker crust at their
centres17...faulting in the shallow crust (for example, ref...than a kilometre deep that may extend
50 km or...slow- spreading ocean ridges (that is...mantle composi
http://www.colby.edu/personal/w/wasulliv/GE331 Papers/MOR's/Dick et al., 2003.pdf
29%
1393. C:\Courses\101\fall08\Exams\Exam 2 Review\Exam2.wpd

Sep 2009 - ...and the oldest crust is 4 million...living around deep-sea hydrothermal...float on the
ocean surface and settle...depresses the oceanic crust c. the oceanic...does the air temperature
increase as you go up...front d. on the ocean side of a co
http://www.und.edu/instruct/mineral/101intro/oldexams/Exf08-2.pdf
29%
1394. Defining the Paragoethite process for iron removal in zinc hydrometallurgy
Loan, M. / Newman, O.M.G. / Cooper, R.M.G. / Farrow, J.B. / Parkinson,
G.M.,Hydrometallurgy,81(2),p.104-129,Feb 2006 - ...hematite (alpha-Fe2O3), most notably
affected by changes in pH, temperature and water activity. The sulphate-containing
schwertmannite
drill=yes&md5=bc4d0c154546573ac40b07d3be0ceed4
29%
1395. Field interpretation of Volcanoes Field interpretation of Volcanoes A...

Aug 2008 - ...molten rock deep beneath the...solidified crust of active...content, temperature...and
most ocean islands are made...tends to increase with distance...example: ocean-floor and ocean
island lavas...continental crust (which...which greatly incr
http://www.uhh.hawaii.edu/~kenhon/GEOL205/Hawaiian Geology.pdf
29%
1396. JASON Mission Center : Where Volcanoes Occur

This crash crumples the two plates together, increasing the thickness of the crust at these
locations. ... This subduction results in deep ocean trenches, such as the Mariana ...
http://www.jason.org/digital_library/10214.aspx
29%
1397. MeltingMelting Reference: Encylopedia of Volcanoes, pp. 55-68 Heat of...

Aug 2001 - ...Increasing temperature • Where...Occurs in mid-ocean ridges and ocean
islands...causes all temperature change Melting...Composition • Increase in water
pressure...subducting oceanic crust Increasing...mantle – Deep crust...
http://www.nsm.buffalo.edu/courses/gly431/V02_Melting.pdf
29%
1398. Nature template - PC Word 97

Mar 2006 - ...and all low temperature geochemical...hydrated ocean crust and lithospheric...also in
the deep mantle and...1999]? Has ocean volume...than does temperature within the...possibility of
a deep water cycle...amount of new ocean crust generated..
http://ruby.colorado.edu/~smyth/Research/Papers/DeepWaterCycle.pdf
29%
1399. A research project supported by the European Commission under the...

Oct 2005 - ...distances of deep open ocean. Sea lilies...seaweeds and crust-forming...as for many
deep-water fish...deep open ocean, evolution...bound in the crust, affecting...must urgently
increase our knowledge...about these deep sea treasures...
http://www1.uni-hamburg.de/OASIS/Pages/publications/Oasis Brochure.pdf
28%
1400. Coniacian-Santonian deep ocean anoxia/euxinia inferred from molecular and inorganic
markers: Results from the Demerara...
Beckmann, B. / Hofmann, P. / Marz, C. / Schouten, S. / Sinninghe Damste, J.S. / Wagner,
T.,Organic Geochemistry,39(8),p.1092-1096,Aug 2008 - ...reconstructing deep ocean redox
conditions...using the above temperature programme with...mirrored by an increas
drill=yes&md5=031ab68c462374463bfcadac7a8dcf3d
28%

Jun 2010 - ...properties of upper ocean crust. In general, the...fluctuations in uppermost crust on
the primary eruptive process and the increase in velocity with depth in ocean velocity layer 2
on...progressively higher temperature alteration and metamorp
http://brg.ldeo.columbia.edu/data/iodp-usio/iodp-usio-log_sum/exp309_312/309_312.index.html
28%
1402. TEST 2 Version 1 EARTH, LIFE, AND TIME GEOLOGY 102 FALL 2002 NAME...
Mar 2003 - ...crust at mid-ocean ridges results...of new oceanic crust (5) Mode of...d) in the deep
ocean (7) Fossils...buoyant ocean crust (b) production...organisms (b) a temperature change in
the...factors that increase the preservation...
http://eps.utk.edu/~faculty/kah/pdf/Test2.pdf
28%
1403. Thorium isotopes as tracers of particles dynamics and deep water circulation in the
Indian sector of the Southern Ocean...
Coppola, L. / Roy-Barman, M. / Mulsow, S. / Povinec, P. / Jeandel, C.,Marine
Chemistry,100(3),p.299-313,Aug 2006 - ...export. In the deep water
column...the230Thxsconcentrations did not increase linearly with...North Atlantic Deep Water
(NADW...Southern In
drill=yes&md5=b7d259f15c9ad60bb5906ccbfed63fcd
28%
1404. A helium, argon, and nitrogen record of the upper continental crust (KTB drill holes,
Oberpfalz, Germany): implications...
Bach, W. / Naumann, D. / Erzinger, J.,Chemical Geology,160(1),p.81-101,Jul 1999 - ...upper
continental crust (KTB drill holes...from the German Deep Drilling Project...concentrations appear to
increase with depth. Calculated...in continental crust based on
drill=yes&md5=111a2a40b8d12e0cc569cc4bdc1ff5ff
27%
1405. Alteration of the oceanic crust: Processes and timing

Staudigel, H. / Hart, S.R. / Richardson, S.H.,Earth and Planetary Science
Letters,52(2),p.311-327,Feb 1981 - ...young oceanic crust can be subdivided...the Atlantic Ocean
[17,18]. This increase in crustal seismic...the oceanic crust up to this age...holes
drill=yes&md5=05f7959804f4c6bfa6b0f7237e9eb07a
27%
1406. Geology Department Self Study: Report for the Wold Meeting
Dec 2009 - ...several fronts: teaching equipment, teaching equipment maintenance, transportation,
and field course support. 3) We must increase our introductory level offerings in order to attract
majors, to better support the Environmental Studies Program
http://www.union.edu/academic_depts/geology/alumni_affairs/pdfs/2000_self_study.pdf
27%
1407. Microsoft PowerPoint - platetectonics2

opening and closing of ocean basins, and the formation of. mountains is easily ... fluids (liquids and
gasses) as a result of density and/or temperature ...
http://instruct.uwo.ca/earth-sci/089g/platetectonics2.pdf
27%
1408. The Indian Ocean Nodule Field: petrotectonic evolution and ferromanganese deposits
Mukhopadhyay, R. / Iyer, S.D. / Ghosh, A.K.,Earth-Science Reviews,60(1),p.67-130,Jan 2003 - ...V.
The Indian Ocean Nodule Field...initiated India's deep-sea research...India The Indian Ocean
Nodule Field...Moreover, the crust underlying this...abyssal area
drill=yes&md5=b1b346b9ee7e0af44a3a0f0b6814d3c0
27%
1409. Cenozoic marine geochemistry of thallium deduced from isotopic studies of

ferromanganese crusts and pelagic sediments
Rehkamper, M. / Frank, M. / Hein, J.R. / Halliday, A.,Earth and Planetary Science
Letters,219(1),p.77-91,Feb 2004 - ...variations in deep-ocean temperature were not...systematic
increase of epsilon...altered ocean crust through time...exception is crust BM
drill=yes&md5=06a9501b1fda4108a62c4b8b8bac0538
26%
1410. Microsoft Word - Chen_Qihai.doc

Apr 2006 - ...occurs along midge ocean ridges, where there...activities. As the ocean floor splits,
the gap between the deep sea water and the mantle...in the earth’s crust to form. Through...cracks
and crevasses, ocean water is able to...reaches the hig
http://esys.ucsd.edu/internship/images/intern_papers/Chen_Qihai.pdf
26%
1411. The effect of plume processes on the Fe isotope composition of hydrothermally derived
Fe in the deep ocean as inferred...
Severmann, S. / Johnson, C.M. / Beard, B.L. / German, C.R. / Edmonds, H.N. / Chiba, H. / Green,
D.R.H.,Earth and Planetary Science Letters,225(1),p.63-76,Aug 2004 - ...delivered to the deep
North Atlantic ocean, has remained...values of the high-temperatur
drill=yes&md5=de9306c9d0686f363a54776ff64d42b9
26%
1412. Constraining the marine strontium budget with natural strontium isotope
fractionations (87Sr/86Sr*, ´88/86Sr)...
Krabbenhoft, A. / Eisenhauer, A. / Bohm, F. / Vollstaedt, H. / Fietzke, J. / Liebetrau, V. / Augustin,
N. / (...) / Horn, C.,Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,74(14),p.4097-4109,Jul 2010 - ...Sources of
Sr to the ocean. Sr sources 87Sr...5+/-82 Oceanic crust
drill=yes&md5=015e44cd904b45641098b0236be66974
25%
1413. Encyclopedia - Britannica Online Encyclopedia

Jun 2010 - ...58 AU).... deep ocean circulation...differences in temperature and salinity...referred to
as the deep, or abyssal, ocean circulation. Measuring seawater temperature and salinity
distribution...of studying the deep-flow patterns...
http://www.britannica.com/bps/browse/alpha/d/33
25%
1414. Expanding frontiers in deep subsurface microbiology

Amend, J.P. / Teske, A.,Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology,219(1),p.131-155,Apr
2005 - ...the Earth's crust, since they...1995). The deep hydrothermal...freshly formed ocean crust
and undergoes...present, the temperature limit for...permissi
drill=yes&md5=51dd38deebba5e06515a99eb963ac805
25%
1415. Ocean Ridges

Jan 2003 - ...1500-3000 m deep rift valley along...preserved out into the ocean basin. Neo...rift 50
- 200 m deep. Smooth topography...show that oceanic crust lacks layer I...effect could be.
Temperature Dependent Phase...circulation of ocean water that, c
http://www.geo.utep.edu/pub/miller/Courses/PT99/Lectures/Ridges.html
25%
1416. Permanent Carbon Dioxide Storage into Basalt: The CarbFix Pilot Project, Iceland
Matter, J.M. / Broecker, W.S. / Stute, M. / Gislason, S.R. / Oelkers, E.H. / Stefansson, A. /
Wolff-Boenisch, D. / (...) / Bjornsson, G.,Energy Procedia,1(1),p.3641-3646,Feb 2009 - ...CO 2
emissions in deep geological formations...such as in the deep ocean
drill=yes&md5=02961411a6a268ed9d5c7926fe70ae4c
25%
1417. Unraveling the magnetic carriers of igneous cores from the Atlantic, Pacific, and the
southern Indian oceans with rock...
Zhao, X. / Riisager, P. / Antretter, M. / Carlut, J. / Lippert, P. / Liu, Q. / Galbrun, B. / (...) /
Kanamatsu, T.,Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors,156(3),p.294-328,Jul 2006 - ...Map of
sites from the seven Ocean Drilling Program legs considere
drill=yes&md5=909bd3ba6d513f54d44966c588609b64
25%
1418. Viscosity of the Martian mantle and its initial temperature: Constraints from crust
formation history and the evolution...
Breuer, D. / Spohn, T.,Planetary and Space Science,54(2),p.153-169,Feb 2006 - ...with a primodial
crust of 50km thickness...initial mantle temperature of 2000K is shown...and its initial temperature:
Constraints from crust formation history...that the rate
drill=yes&md5=d095b4aa9f081e08ab185c929419195e
25%
1419. "On top of the sea level rise, London is sinking already"
European Research Media Center European Research Media Center ... all know this is monstrous,
as an overall temperature increase of just 4 degrees would be already capable of ...
http://www.youris.com/?Sec=6627&Inf=22161
24%
1420. Characterization of metalliferous sediment from a low-temperature hydrothermal

environment on the Eastern Flank of the...
Bodei, S. / Buatier, M. / Steinmann, M. / Adatte, T. / Wheat, C.G.,Marine
Geology,250(1),p.128-141,Apr 2008 - ...directly after crust accretion followed...as well as in
deep-sea red clays...old oceanic crust (Usui et al...impact of low-temperature ridge-fl
drill=yes&md5=c8fbd7b78eaeffddf3dc8a3f07347324
24%
1421. doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00510-7
Apr 2006 - ...subduction of ocean floor and...the age of crust being subducted...the first deep
carbonate depocenter...of PCO2 and temperature has recently...and oceanic crust and the
oceans...those of the crust and atmosphere...deposited in the deep sea
http://web.gps.caltech.edu/classes/ge148c/Edmond & Huh.pdf
24%
1422. Linked magma ocean solidification and atmospheric growth for Earth and Mars
Elkins-Tanton, L.T.,Earth and Planetary Science Letters,271(1),p.181-191,Jul 2008 - ...evolving
magma ocean liquids and fractionating...depth Earth magma ocean cumulates. Also...overturn of a
2000-km deep terrestrial magma ocean. Note the extreme...planeta
drill=yes&md5=b8339833acfd2a28ef31bf7b1b4f3cfc
24%
1423. On ultrahigh-temperature crustal metamorphism
Kelsey, D.E.,Gondwana Research,13(1),p.1-29,Jan 2008 - ...showing the high-temperature mineral
equilibria...stability occurs up-temperature from approximately...may continue to increase as
petrologists...conditions in the deep crust. The two fundamental...
drill=yes&md5=704def4fd8c06ebffd2d9913a3cde748
24%
1424. Research Magazine :: Spring 1992 : Life at the Boiling Point

As ocean water seeps into the earth's crust surrounding an underwater volcano, ... the pressure
and heat of two-mile-deep vents in the ocean floor, skin divers ...
http://researchmagazine.uga.edu/92sp/boiling.html
24%
1425. Analysis: Acidic oceans may snarl food web

The Dalles, Ore. (UPI) Jun 6, 2008 - Increased carbon levels in ocean water could have devastating
impacts on marine life, scientists testified Thursday at a ...
http://www.terradaily.com/reports/Analysis_Acidic_oceans_may_snarl_food_web_999.html
23%
1426. Arctic amplification: can the past constrain the future?

Miller, G.H. / Alley, R.B. / Brigham-Grette, J. / Fitzpatrick, J.J. / Polyak, L. / Serreze, M.C. / White,
J.W.C.,Quaternary Science Reviews,29(15),p.1779-1790,Jul 2010 - ...land, but over the Arctic
Ocean and during the cold season...radiation. The key to
drill=yes&md5=1e66566d17c413b111c5e230ac84684d
23%
1427. Boron isotope geochemistry and U-Pb systematics of altered MORB from the Australian
Antarctic Discordance (ODP Leg 187)
Krolikowska-Ciaglo, S. / Deyhle, A. / Hauff, F. / Hoernle, K.,Chemical
Geology,242(3),p.455-469,Aug 2007 - ...Dynamics of the Ocean Floor", Wischhofstr...mantle-type
mid-ocean ridge basalts...a result of an increase in sediment cover...enrichment during lo
drill=yes&md5=7875248a8ab5da7921d1623066d0499f
23%
1428. Evidence from Submarine Geology Frederick J. Vine Proceedings of the...

Jul 2007 - ...seismicity of mid-ocean ridges or rises...the mediate and deep-focus earthquakes,
occurring to ocean basins is the...the earth's crust. The mid-ocean...the earth's crust but
potentially...mantle beneath the ocean basins (i.e...depth of the Cu
http://www.mit.edu/~einatlev/HSSP2007/extra_materials/Vine1969_tectonics.pdf
23%
1429. Fluxes of fluid and heat from the oceanic crustal reservoir
Johnson, H.P. / Pruis, M.J.,Earth and Planetary Science Letters,216(4),p.565-574,Dec 2003 -
...lithospheric heat from the crust to an average age of...temperatures in Cretaceous crust. Utilizing
these temperature estimates, heat flow...hydrothermal fluxes
drill=yes&md5=192871e10d838f93cfa16e0c931149d5
23%
1430. Half a century of progress in research on terrestrial impact structures: A review

McCall, G.J.H.,Earth Science Reviews,92(3),p.99-116,Feb 2009 - ...features without deep roots,
whereas volcanic...structures penetrate deep into the crust (Grieve, 2006). Nevertheless...possibly
may not have deep roots. Impact structures...preservation of
drill=yes&md5=952ca134fa600f1637003eb72c4f7936
23%
1431. Ocean floor geysers warm flowing sea water

The movement greater than off midocean volcanic ridges. The finding suggests possible marine life
part ocean once considered...
http://www.brightsurf.com/news/headlines/40377/Ocean_floor_geysers_warm_flowing_sea_water.
html
23%
1432. Palaeo methane-seepage history traced by biomarker patterns in a carbonate crust,

Nile deep-sea fan (Eastern...
Gontharet, S. / Stadnitskaia, A. / Bouloubassi, I. / Pierre, C. / Damste, J.S.S.,Marine
Geology,261(1),p.105-113,Jun 2009 - ...showing the Nile deep Sea fan. The white...site where the
crust was collected during...for 8 h at room temperature. To analyze th
drill=yes&md5=ff9852bc9a1d39e4cb4c98456f754180
23%
1433. Taylor_OHO.doc
Aug 2006 - ...and ophiolites, identified as oceanic crust. 115-121 Work with R. Coleman on
blueschists...Ophiolite. Hydrothermal alteration of oceanic crust. G. Wasserburg work on Taylor–iv
http...hydrogen-isotope distribution in the oceanic crust. Compa
http://oralhistories.library.caltech.edu/121/01/Taylor_OHO.pdf
23%
1434. Joint Action of Denudation, Upheaval, and Subsidence in Remodelling the Earth's Crust
Jun 2009 - ...structure of the earth’s crust many miles below those points...those stony records of
which the crust of the globe is composed...abyss more than 40,000 feet deep, consists of
sediment...the land into the basin of the ocean. The data were at
http://geology.com/publications/lyell/ch7.shtml
22%
1435. Microsoft Word - Reddicks_ConnectionintheDeep.doc

Jan 2010 - ...relationships between the deep oceans and music...Connections in the Deep, Grade 6
2 b. “Apostrophe to the Ocean” [from Childe Harold...involving percent increase and decrease...the
earth b. Crust movements c. Evidence...Connections in th
http://www.coreknowledge.org/mimik/mimik_uploads/lesson_plans/934/Connections in the Deep
The Last Unexplored.pdf
22%
1436. PII: S0012-821X(00)00102-3

Dec 2008 - ...March 2000 Abstract Ocean Drilling Program...in gabbroic lower ocean crust by 1 km
to 1.5...ferrogabbros dramatically increase upward in the section...mass balance mid-ocean ridge
basalt back...three stages. High-temperature granulite- to amp
http://www.depts.ttu.edu/gesc/Fac_pages/Yoshinobu/Published_pdfs/Dick et al. 2000.pdf
22%
1437. Tertiary limestones and sedimentary dykes on Chatham Islands, southwest Pacific
Ocean, New Zealand
Titjen, Jeremy Quentin,Jan 2007 - ...located in the SW Pacific Ocean, approximately 850 km to...of
submerged continental crust that represents part...global eustatic sealevel and temperature
changes associated with development of Southern Ocean water front
http://adt.waikato.ac.nz./public/adt-uow20070308.165446
22%
1438. Zircon U-Pb strain chronometry reveals deep impact-triggered flow

Moser, D.E. / Davis, W.J. / Reddy, S.M. / Flemming, R.L. / Hart, R.J.,Earth and Planetary Science
Letters,277(1),p.73-79,Jan 2009 - ...mafic protoliths in the deep crust. The protoliths are seen as
deep-seated counterparts to...intraplate at the base of th
drill=yes&md5=e939ba9a9cd9332e1fe0c9018f8405ef
22%
1439. Alternative Cancer Treatment - Alternative Cancer Therapy

Alternative cancer treatment from Saint Joseph Medical Center gives cancer patients viable
alternative treatment and care options. Laetrile (amygdalin or vitamin ...
http://www.doctorofhope.com.mx/
21%
1440. Chapter 3
Dec 2009 - ...suggested strategy for ocean sequestration of CO2...CO2 lake” on the ocean floor. To
investigate...performed a series of deep ocean experiments for the...36 MPa and the temperature is
1.6°C. The...observed a rapid increase in the volume of
http://www.fe.doe.gov/sequestration/publications/1999_rdreport/chap3.pdf
21%
1441. CLIMATE AND EARTH-OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE SYSTEMS

palaeochemical studies of ocean temperature and nutrient variations. Processes and ... phase
relationships between deep flow speeds and temperature change in Greenland and ...
http://www.esc.cam.ac.uk/esc/files/Department/research/Climate.pdf
21%
1442. Contribution of syncollisional felsic magmatism to continental crust growth: A case

study of the Paleogene Linzizong...
Mo, X. / Niu, Y. / Dong, G. / Zhao, Z. / Hou, Z. / Zhou, S. / Ke, S.,Chemical
Geology,250(1),p.49-67,May 2008 - ...against average composition of model ocean crust (Niu and
O'Hara, 2003). Plotted...to normalization against model ocean crust composition (Ni
drill=yes&md5=2d583edb969d6206246c4db5775e0a08
21%
1443. ESCI111
recognize the common minerals and rocks of the earth crust. understand the place of plate ... of
the south Atlantic ocean crust and eastern portion of the Indian ...
http://www.siue.edu/~fodemer/esci111.htm
21%
1444. Name:_Earth 50: First Midterm (100 pts Total) October 24, 2005
e. deposition on a deep sea fan. 9. You are in an airplane flying at 35,000 ft and see a ... or low
temperature and high or low pressure are needed to generate ...
http://sorcerer.ucsd.edu/ERTH50/Exam1-2005.pdf
21%
1445. o407_19a 859..869

Feb 2007 - ...years, the deep ocean regulates...in ocean temperature, simple...ice, an increase in
the extent...throughout the ocean/atmosphere...However, this increase in inorganic...com Surface
ocean: DIC = 700...surf.-deep) = 25 yr Atmosphere...Sediment
http://www.princeton.edu/geosciences/people/sigman/pdf/Sigman00Nature.pdf
21%
1446. Oman diopsidites: a new lithology diagnostic of very high temperature hydrothermal
circulation in mantle peridotite...
Python, M. / Ceuleneer, G. / Ishida, Y. / Barrat, J.A. / Arai, S.,Earth and Planetary Science
Letters,255(3),p.289-305,Mar 2007 - ...serpentinisation at temperature 99%, seeTable...the mantle
crust transition...setting (mid-ocean ridge versus...the mantle/
drill=yes&md5=7c2e84653eddd64ab62ce8c29afd014a
21%
1447. Profile
Dec 2009 - ...Research Deep Crust and Mantle...Integrated Ocean Drilling...Lower Oceanic Crust
Estimated...CD ROM], Ocean Drilling...westward increase in oblique...effects of temperature,
pressure...CD ROM], Ocean Drilling...Earth's Crust, in, Handbook...
http://geoweb.tamu.edu/profile/sub/466
21%
1448. Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis

On the basis of observations of ocean temperatures and model results, thermal expansion ... in
surface runoff, and seepage into deep aquifers from reservoirs and ...
http://www.grida.no/climate/ipcc_tar/wg1/013.htm
20%
1449. Tsunami
munity life and well-being. It could serve as an informal pre- and post-assessment tool ... students
have developed about the role and work of ocean engineers. ...
http://www.nativeaccess.com/teachers/tsunamitgsm.pdf
20%
1450. US Delays Titan 4 Launch Over Canadian Safety Concerns

Ottawa (AFP) Apr 08, 2005 - The United States has agreed to delay a Titan 4 launch planned for
this week after Canada's Defense Minister Bill Graham voiced concerns ...
http://www.spacedaily.com/reports/US_Delays_Titan_4_Launch_Over_Canadian_Safety_Concerns.
html
20%
Report generated by Copernic Agent - See downloadable products at http://www.copernic.com/

Increase Temperature Deep Ocean Crust

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Increase Temperature Deep Ocean Crust

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Copernic Agent Search Results

Search: increase temperature deep ocean crust (All the words)

4. Women Exploring the Oceans

5. Earth's Interior & Formation of Magmas

7. Evolving Earth: Plate Tectonics

9. Increase Pressure Deep Ocean Crust

10. Lani Aina Kai - OCN 201 Plate Tectonics

11. Midocean Ridges

12. Oceanography: Oceans

13. PLATE TECTONICS: Lecture 2

14. Report of the "Conference on the Magnetization of Ocean Crust ...

15. Amateur Geologist Structured Geological Glossary: The Earth

16. Electrical Power Generation from Geothermal Sources

17. Glossary - Resources - OceanWorld

18. Increase Temperature Deep Ocean

19. IODP Logging Summary

20. NASA - Earth

21. NASA's Solar System Exploration: Planets: Jupiter: Overview

22. Notes - Plate Tectonics: from Crust to Ocean

24. PERMEABILITY WITHIN BASALTIC OCEANIC CRUST Andrew T. Fisher Earth...

26. Astro-Venture Geology Training Script

28. Evolving Earth: Plate Tectonics

29. Kandi Poulsen

30. MINUTES SSEP MEETING Oct 28-31, 1997- UNDER CONSTRUCTION

31. Ocean 540: Conduction

32. Ocean and Crust of an Accreting Neutron Star

34. Pacific Ocean - Encyclopedia of Earth

35. Palaeos Mesozoic: Cretaceous: The Cretaceous Period: p. 1

36. Slab Of Sunken Ocean Floor Found Deep Within Earth

37. WHOI : Oceanus : The Cauldron Beneath the Seafloor

38. 1 Creation and evolution of the oceanic lithosphere: contributions...

39. A Great Carbon Dioxide Burp

40. Amateur Geologist Structured Geological Glossary: The Ocean

42. Dive and Discover : Expedition 8 : Juan de Fuca Ridge

43. Earth's Interior & Plate Tectonics

44. Introduction to Physical Oceanography

45. NOAA Ocean Explorer: Submarine Ring of Fire 2002: Background

46. NOAA Ocean Explorer: The State of Ocean Science

47. Ocean properties

48. Oceanography - Crystalinks

49. Oceanography 104

51. Terms and Definitions

52. The Earth At Work

53. Tools & Techniques of Deep Ocean Geography

54. AN OCEAN ON EUROPA - THE HISTORY OF AN IDEA

55. Deep and High-temperature Hydrothermal Circulation in the Oman

56. Earth's Interior

57. Mantle (geology) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

59. Microsoft Word - Chapter 11 Website Corrected with figure

61. Ocean - The Canadian Encyclopedia

62. Ocean Basin Profiles Description

63. Ocean Planet: Popular Science - Creatures of the Thermal Vents

65. Our Ocean Planet - Exploring the depths

66. RealClimate: Why greenhouse gases heat the ocean

67. Ridge hydrothermal processes

68. Unit 1. The Water Planet

69. Volcanic Accomplice

70. Women Exploring the Oceans

71. Attracting Attention to Ourselves

72. Definition of a Plume

73. -Earth crust

74. Heat Flow, Mantle Convescion and Plate Tectonics

75. Introduction to Ocean Sciences, 2e

76. INTRODUCTION TO THE OCEANS