if ORIFICES AND MOUTHPIECES > 7.1 INTRODUCTION Orifice is a small opening of any cross-section (such as circular, triangular, rectangular etc.) on the side or at the bottom of a tank, through which a fluid is flowing. A mouthpiece is a short length of a pipe which is two to three times its diameter in length, fitted in a tank or vessel containing the fluid. Orifices as well as mouthpieces are used for measuring the rate of flow of fluid. » 7.2 CLASSIFICATIONS OF ORIFICES The orifices are classified on the basis of their size, shape, nature of discharge and shape of the upstream edge. The following are the important elas: 1, The orifices are classified as small orifice or large orifice depending upon the size of orifice ‘and head of liquid from the centre of the orifice. Ifthe head of liquid from the centre of orifice is more than five times the depth of orifice, the orifice is called small orifice. And if the head of liquids is less than five times the depth of orifice, itis known as large orit 2. The orifices are classified as (i) Circular orifice, (4) Triangular orifice, (7) Rectangular orifice and (jv) Square orifice depending upon their eross-sectional arcas, 3. The orifices are classified as (i) Sharp-edged orifice and (ii) Bell-mouthed orifice depending ‘upon the shape of upstream edge of the orifices. 4, The orifices are clasitied as (2) Free discharging orifices and (i) Drowned or sub-mergedori- fices depending upon the nature of discharge ‘The sub-merged orifices are further classified as (a) Fully sub-merged orifices and (b) Partially sub-merged orifices. » 7.3. FLOW THROUGH AN ORIFICE Consider a tank fitted with a circular orifice in one of its sides as shown in Fig. 7.1. Let H be the head Of the liquid above the centre of the orifice. The liquid flowing through the orifice forms a jet of liqu whose area of cross-section is less than that of orifice. The area of Jet of fluld goes on decreasing and at a scetion C-C, the area is minimum. This scetion is approximately at a distance of half of diameter of the orifice. At this section, the streamlines are straight and parallel to each other and perpendicular to the 317fin of ewe, Tie ad Yomveettn Sens ta te aes tenn inden a at 2 sow a 74 Po tacit oct fe one at PEE Sols Beds BithsgsBothen 31 To a ee aoa ore ede ee Be 20 (mote rn) m # oh ea ow 24 roRAULC co-tHICKNTS TAL Content of Vlocty (Cn ea the io tec he ae vb tut tmnt esata yon) Go Mita rnc ep ts ty, =e cay 03) SESS eect See742 Coen of Contraction (6) dm he noe ae a te “Soran ewe hese eat Le af ea omeconta a entrench owt pen gover a Ca et 1.43 Covalent of Dischoge (dnd mea of ctr fo Sit wc te thence hy Cy Dae a oe 2a ee ay ee ea, Tiaras Ths in Aaa Problem 7.4 The bo of weer ovr aio ane 60m i 1 Find th we i Sage and anne wey of te earners Tae, b ed Go ntl = Yi re ie Vor Twa ey eV YI = (IUATETO = me hs dics = 14 as 0018Problem 72. Toc het arr cae fener of ame 20mm Tet! ‘Marge eu heart solnoe Find moan of care ‘Ae = ny = oni ‘celcps, = OAS k= Om es Sea Cote of dchiae = e723 Veer it152 Determination of Gaetcent of Velcty (Get C rept ven ona ee at cng et om at ie sae at bea Han ‘Cerone conta sy eu te eae Png Be rman it sete pattie tittle offence, me wife a “08 [Problem 73 ef es nf saad wer of ne one of mettre Pode fe Sata Fe heeProblem 7A. Theda eo of Hen 1 Te econ ot (oot cts itr ak of ante me of ce nt ‘ote t'35 moons ti vont of to enone fo eo ot (SEN 08 mete Fe cen Gy oon ‘Staton cn Din oteemeg at, DoS ‘he ae of py gan 98 c= gig geste 0m Am a oy agen 2:2) = Sn Es A Probe 78. War aye a se ie of 2 We oh 120 a a vat pattem rm Ara oe pow 6, Eau ya a rfHn dn ap fm ont so4sm oes ce “ec ics, Oy Hy heae ‘The va of samen by. p= Acme, OE 94 ag, ‘eons shes”, O18 “neve of arent son °° Fi” essay “8 A 2s 8 at am, Probl 7 425 mundi trys 8 a of et fmt Be Sm Te aomer fies 225mm are ens of ce Con ont ‘in ane ted eine Ae dtas,—n0%6nPhane = = aL. we err res ome otic ede (Cs omahaOG <[o) SERTS x Fam Cousmtat ton ie) Loman wide a Problem 7.7 A led ance a ce ced a ae Sched he ont ences a Te te href wc ah he 30 te a bao en a Ck coin of ica Ae at we eee in of emt a ete Sao ‘Station sn Diner ne ‘oul acage, QM = OE we Frome ae, Stet smxiat RETsh a Yee orev st a 2 ‘eg Boas on ssn a bt Barge Bebion meta pe oe fate oye “ho, gen dy etn aieee of ya = amines Gees ag = Som 8 acetate TSTESE=bm e ert rar 58h ea! sh mer pre a he fest oj of tm nn eo of tr at ‘Ning Bos qua sa ote srt) anne oo " seostseos tice (mao ose EsLan IIS «sean reece co Hé]=$ wis?sononer Boats, = Stes = 015 we vos fate) Pome Be] Detane G2 Ges REP 1506 S06 BATT FTP cane ea sore eaten hs ahs cates = Ce VIR‘Dichrge Tough Large Rectangular Os. Con hge ecanp wee sist he ak chung Tels smog er san ea ses ia yx tye wp getter FH, eight ane be te ‘Cones alent boron po pth at” aa dah of bow the ta se fhe gainer snl oe aay wer og i = JE ‘tes rng comer pi sen pratt toy ct aha (a = C0 ese un acne a lt al Sch enh he o-fexnam a soe al = Sey x0 Jar] ow Problem7.11 Fame aye acta 20m ad Sm ep Set enchant Dept ne apt waa seta of ten,‘Hig of ear abe a eg of te i, hometetets=aam Doxa On yaa 8 oe xb =a Bonne 20x (EFORS-s!Yms = a5 — $19) = 1891 wh Ae Problem 7.12. Atma iim end cp hap [feat itn io i ake eo ee hee ink he charg eh he rite hs troe eee=0 Dewitoies, 6210 tae Oi ghey Meson Oe cat FU) 2 can so SEIU! 20M wh =2457 {80-5196 Wn <2 mh Ame Problem 7.18. Arce of 09m we an 2 ps hag wo fm ei eto defor mine ena fe he Ck te re Itoughsesnfee C08 uit sre ren ts oe ‘Staton en Doce Sa ruta Quan Oo Eee Fa 2g 29% (5 1a = Tod 46¢1= 2400 wa caging er oma eae Oy Coca a(y= 06% 9 12 (PEATETE = 31482 wh omc S22 SEI 19) ce L409 7 MRT 17 DISCHARGE THROUGH FULLY SUB.MERGED ORIFICE ne mie marvel arm prn t teratoma yg oe np sapien nee macros pee Ro waa hv es en on nme ie based ie 2 MEM BMA ie ho a cg np = Cy dr eb =o y= ET 0 Goeth aM. 9(erties art Moutiiees 331] Problem 714 Fn eng ohh morgane of 2m te diferace Fret ea rb Tce aro od oo ‘ara ser tom i, Dou aon ty rage een yen 2 7 (Oe Cebit)» 6205095 -29)« {EEVATEIS we Problem 7.18. Finest ny done ef 2 ode dey he ‘ime ttn bt he ny Bert Fh. Dane oe Dou chee n= CA RE 20 xt 5010420. 10s {EEBITES wh mst Ae sm es he porn Te wpe een an rondo fe wee en be ‘tie Ouy tha hee cob i se a ‘Resse mare pron 679 iy bed hg heh Be ea re poy An One Coch ittee Feu EMEP Tada 2s 2 RE Ecc Vie 1010) Ciitnrwaerinsorot nace operu sma ns apt soe smc le orde Series demerov mst eese ne onr Nght ete nop dg re, =m Moat of wae tom the etm ee oR y= Hy 4 = 3612 = 2 ‘hems poniay sine chap oh erst ore Oye Coxe 206120540215) EFTRRES = eteiep et tae in nb 0a J x01 20% 55H BS —30%) clnotsen_sinitetnte “ual hap ge ee Oa ‘ent comig me yp a Lt ans sed tn of sci israel sre fal a a Scctrnteatnniom ion f Sseamiegecarlaenii sm | euieate cee ce ia pipiens 4 eeDest Nh chs, 20 = CX Ann Tht why = C0 A + Diss i ne ea Ota Cy fh aT ti th hn ho oh ig oh i Aa G0 a Pra | eave E emp ea cope = aah 237 Ao af oe oi war ahem Dia ponies it eb oe Static ee ea Co in ton, ne ne = gE =]* nasa A | ate ane tem Problem 18 Aer to ame 25m cs ae seg Ao Sma ibm Fle wars Br ron o= Boss one? tna ae, He : ons asta este i] Wien gig“Shectnqaoate te * sad ey oa Seer ener olen. eo 2h Ca EF at nA w quay Gade wien ‘etl Peace eon ee rfc ome sath meeecle eT, ~aaaelier ‘me Pinger eu 1) Totaled] Sean 9) 26s] “ambroalne-pe602 9 fs — LL ne = BH obiom 7.20. hye ctr if as al of wae 1 te wh. Sm Mop rp cefnfc are etm, Gta ic pedi beer en cre Spree ane ccna asc or at Rane eigen, ae ate as, Fatetnsptctvaet ote Pathe of was, 26-24 ‘Thetme Pepe pun 31) cere Eh lam) 2 oo] aa 107) 2460" 40") 226 aus A) 04 as) The ss 22M we Problem 721A corel eminent dae The eof imi rer Same nc Are rte of ace 0 fied Fe Imraan copy spn ene. ae Cy T “sition ice espn ore oe tR ae ateene ete incon = LF 2 ce Ea ‘2 yong and in 21 ERE y= Coxe ETF = ven nme th een 7 Regt ee, tring Fons = 200-0 a atin re [RHEE saat lena ae eae hlert aot scatigg lem atm] os Te gtiggg lena) 716 Yim 78a me 0m fdas hn of ier i ofaga, tg as, attapnorsoer, Hee Fe cmpkty ming ek. Ty quae 16) Sgr O ae (D4) Re = Dm 6 A rola. an fr ofr MDa fitter ef ag lef oman rT ihr on cons ap of Fd meer ei ae ena, Farcpy gying ea pen yen 7.16) 8 reget toe or-mn ssriauion- oar tie laxisi-exis-20")Cres owt 34] 1. me mee ci 1) eal cp) eal mee ee sn wpm peop eat ea sh ee cmap a (yas mouse 00) Ce (aimee ms ping nee ‘Stim pss achat ote Beton mow A ep ‘hn see ua ecn deste esse ews a ‘framt onesie ipa an ise sh evict koee st peag FLOW THROUGH AN OCTERNAL CYLINDRICAL MOUTHPIECE A moat ho ag oe ah wo ‘tints mes ne mente : ug iri pattem pce cnmt . en fateh Ea shee camo ace M87 Eero Nate flac ec ‘oie LESS ee ‘Theo btm nC ne tsi (Du sate se 5Aig Bows on pi Lathe aBetienen eae?" pe Be he soot ma fete esr =0 ss a eel cy gd aot = TE tt ety OY Teresa eo Coemoudpce= mt oo tf atone ale wend le lt a of fa ee ae tan eae fC, for eis, ad 0 cage Fri Fat Poh ram 0m same tis ie i of a 0 = 0ansst Coe mone o Dare sane Vey <8 HE St TORT at wh en Prolam 725 Anes cin! monly fe 0 widower eis ‘est aff arin he chen sie pre af oe eat Sikes ath ant € permeate = 6) Aap sme hes Ta mo aa Tig Derml cq a CC 0 Henson bes an oth fede es = Bag! nner st pe ao 5100 SEFRRTZRD = 0460 mh An Ht ar{ra noice ome pvt en ees shoe 18 en fo copa maps ced Conran Doe Maun he hs tapi aa ne ‘HS limes hehe omy a en teen a Teo ‘its ron mst, elt i masoenens Eso 0 = = a re 7 Gor cece no a oe yamine i 5, - pee ann he enge Qa m= TR “on,Problem 726A sega many hry he er f 0 em ee ‘ile tema 30a inn tom Di ore 4atom da 10 Ce ‘The cage, Qi mera en oc ed ca he a a es (ana T= 1280 (ERTATTEDS = 718 own Ane sa ftat a sans $9 GT = Laer y= LAT c= LATTA = 595m Am (Problem 7.27 The dot nd at dmc of camer mop oe Sc ad Tem tpn mip redefining ou Fie mi eee a fhe a ana oto i gc « Mt 80 au) ‘hte ou oan oe con np sony te 7)Probie Tau" Acorn mld hee of ns The Schr Sneakers iad {Sth Tc ee ‘Sm nd emespure psc hea = 0S mo Doct a (noe wea “eg ae ee of engi at, nt a een Aen Bao sun ee ed ato msec ete0 EE - ER connate im rer ‘he of id up abs inp e pese ie haa y ea se ee a a adeAg ie on ee er age Mie i ie oe ‘co tug momeven mae eigen sey it i Spe Ol= pnt oO gun (9 ant pect pacn? sa ie emo geo ere ad con CID P76 Perea wet pee Peasy 3H Stata ne m9 sna nt Mie nna sss ng (ae ease, TNS se cnc ort 6 Dh oii as a ni Th he beBoker bee pe He “ae um ees ro ae mt Orono sae 3g ae ke eevee eens. y= cwamienat eben, 2 = SE, 0. a ‘Aenea oe a att a eM, Re coca Deets GEC LN at ater aT a robin 720. fanaa moto 3 am am chen ead oat Tate twcrs dh cher at co en ‘ioe fos Tp i {a aiepe rnin ee dca, 1 gy ate 1) 8 0=05x0% (ia nos ns FEAT Mace rman Tn ae Oe ston 720)mieMLicHTs: Simei ec nee meee 6 Ceca, 6 gE 0 Coane cain = s Mlbcatr ube arhnt ead smn atte san ht coe Te tinier rat ere ode non < ecetinasnc iE Pa ee eee sn rere polars preter ee te ee heen Ries se oa eg ti, heeneice ec eT, 1b Nramcnrea monte os pe ae ‘Weta 1 ecclesia it len Sine aes bs estes ncteenn esr(Wy) THEORETICAL PRostens Mena ecg fete tees ot age an ye > eee he cans nce eae Nanay erect eae ee 2 Whe ee ret nes Ta te anthe a eee ee a eget a eet een aoe ee () NmEnicaL PROBLEMS 1 tment asa 200 Ast © ewes nee Hs eee ag* Sema et ‘ete he re ei yin ec “SSiox me cesar 1 hemo eaters eae Sueaeane tometer ees See ee reine Balleminae « Sauaanaisoneaareencacaea! Sartore tata Caan een re eet renee cle ental ‘eateehate cent tree temnr sone toa cai egy ceigimet ee ‘ansacsiey 22. tae ao derma asta tee =m Sainte peoeenis* Tete oa tec strut ty Sn‘ ton Hse nana 2. Sled tac 10m sane ma tera ae Fe Fee teem