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1. Division of Labor
a. Henri Fayol has stressed on the specialization of jobs.
b. He recommended that work of all kinds must be divided & subdivided and allotted to various persons
according to their expertise in a particular area.
c. Subdivision of work makes it simpler and results in eciency.
d. It also helps the individual in acquiring speed, accuracy in his performance.
e. Specialization leads to eciency & economy in spheres of business.
c. Therefore, dual sub-ordination should be avoided unless and until it is absolutely essential.
d. Unity of command provides the enterprise a disciplined, stable & orderly existence.
e. It creates harmonious relationship between superiors and sub-ordinates.
Unity of Direction
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4. Unity of Direction
a. Fayol advocates one head one plan which means that there should be one plan for a group of activities
having similar objectives.
b. Related activities should be grouped together. There should be one plan of action for them and they
should be under the charge of a particular manager.
c. According to this principle, eorts of all the members of the organization should be directed towards
common goal.
d. Without unity of direction, unity of action cannot be achieved.
e. In fact, unity of command is not possible without unity of direction.
Meaning It implies that a sub-ordinate should receive It means one head, one plan for a group of
orders & instructions from only one boss. activities having similar objectives.
Necessity It is necessary for xing responsibility of each It is necessary for sound organization.
subordinates.
Advantage It avoids conicts, confusion & chaos. It avoids duplication of eorts and wastage
of resources.
Result It leads to better superior sub-ordinate It leads to smooth running of the enterprise.
relationship.
Therefore it is obvious that they are dierent from each other but they are dependent on each other i.e. unity of
direction is a pre-requisite for unity of command. But it does not automatically comes from the unity of direction.
5. Equity
6. Order
a. This principle is concerned with proper & systematic arrangement of things and people.
b. Arrangement of things is called material order and placement of people is called social order.
c. Material order- There should be safe, appropriate and specic place for every article and every place to
be eectively used for specic activity and commodity.
d. Social order- Selection and appointment of most suitable person on the suitable job. There should be a
specic place for every one and everyone should have a specic place so that they can easily be
contacted whenever need arises.
7. Discipline
a. According to Fayol, Discipline means sincerity, obedience, respect of authority & observance of rules
and regulations of the enterprise.
b. This principle applies that subordinate should respect their superiors and obey their order.
c. It is an important requisite for smooth running of the enterprise.
d. Discipline is not only required on path of subordinates but also on the part of management.
e. Discipline can be enforced if -
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8. Initiative
9. Fair Remuneration
a. The quantum and method of remuneration to be paid to the workers should be fair, reasonable,
satisfactory & rewarding of the eorts.
b. As far as possible it should accord satisfaction to both employer and the employees.
c. Wages should be determined on the basis of cost of living, work assigned, nancial position of the
business, wage rate prevailing etc.
d. Logical & appropriate wage rates and methods of their payment reduce tension & dierences between
workers & management creates harmonious relationship and pleasing atmosphere of work.
e. Fayol also recommended provision of other benets such as free education, medical & residential
facilities to workers.
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In the gure given, if D has to communicate with G he will rst send the communication upwards with
the help of C, B to A and then downwards with the help of E and F to G which will take quite some time
and by that time, it may not be worth therefore a gang plank has been developed between the two.
e. Gang Plank claries that management principles are not rigid rather they are very exible. They can be
moulded and modied as per the requirements of situations
e. He also cautioned against the more use of Britain communication to the subordinates i.e. face to face
communication should be developed. The managers should infuse team spirit & belongingness. There
should be no place for misunderstanding. People then enjoy working in the organization & oer their
best towards the organization.
c. According to Fayol, Degree of centralization or decentralization depends on no. of factors like size of
business, experience of superiors, dependability & ability of subordinates etc.
d. Anything which increases the role of subordinate is decentralization & anything which decreases it is
centralization.
e. Fayol suggested that absolute centralization or decentralization is not feasible. An organization should
strike to achieve a lot between the two.
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