More Challenging Problems Complete solutions consist of clear and correct explanations not just final answers! 1) The position of a particle moving in a plane is given by the following function of time F© = Acos(wt) £+ Bsin(wt)9 where A, B, and w are positive constants and A> B> 0. a) At what positions is the speed of the particle the largest and what is the velocity vector of the particle at each of these positions? b) At what positions is the magnitude of the particle the greatest and what is the acceleration vector of the particle at each of these positions? ©) How much time elapses between the succesive positions of max speed and max magnitude acceleration? 2) People living in the first lunar colony need a break from work and often ride a Ferris wheel with radius R that spins with constant angular speed w. The magnitude of the acceleration due to gravity on the moon, g, is significantly less than that on earth. A child riding the Ferris wheel drops her cell phone when she reaches an angular position 0 as measured from the horizontal in the sense of rotation of the wheel (see diagram below). By a minor miracle, the phone falls lands right back in her hand after she moves through exactly one half of a complete rotation of the Ferris Wheel. What is the value of the angle 0? What is the magnitude of the centripetal acceleration of the riders on the wheel? (Express your answer asa numeric multiple of g). we Phone Lost @ 3) A battle tank start from rest and moves in a straight horizontal line with constant acceleration of magnitude a. The tank launches a projectile at an angle 0 with respect to the horizontal and with extremely bad luck is blown up by the same projectile when it lands. What is the angle 6? [We might call this angle the angle of maximum stupidity.]4) Apendulum consists of a rather heavy metal ball attached to a string, The ball is pulled back to some maximum height and released from rest. It then swings back and forth. Ithas been noticed since antiquity that the speed of the ball as it swings down is the same at any height that it would have had if it were merely dropped straight down without the string attached (at least for the first few oscillations). Develop expressions for the magnitudes of the angular velocity, angular acceleration, and centripetal acceleration of the ball expressed as functions of the angular position (8), the length of the string L, and 8o (the initial angle of release from rest). ih positien an le of Ce velewred from Cot 5) Itisa well-known result that the maximum horizontal range for a projectile launched with fixed speed is obtained when the projectile is launched at a 45 degree angle to the horizontal. a. Derive the formula for the maximum horizontal range in terms of the launching speed vo and g and show that it is obtained at a launching angle of 45 degrees. It also well known that launching above or below 45 degrees by the same amount (iL. @=n/4 +/- A) will result in the same horizontal range. Prove this fact. b. Ifthe final vertical position is above or below the launching height, yrna = +/-h, then, the formula for the maximum horizontal range is more complicated and depends on vo, g, and +/- h. Derive the formula for the maximum horizontal range in these cases as well as the optimal launching angles that produce the maximum horizontal range in each case. In the case that the final y is above launching level, there is a minimum required launching speed. Find the minimum vo in this case. Pat a6) A particle moving along a straight line has time dependent acceleration a,(t) = a,sin(wt) where a,and w are positive constants. Use the fundamental theorem of calculus to derive expressions for the velocity and position of the particle as functions of time t, the constants mentioned above, and the values of the velocity and position of the particles at time t=0 (lets call these initial values Vio and Xo respectively). Show that for a particular value of the initial velocity Vso that the velocity and position of the particle are also periodic with the same period as the acceleration. Show that in the case that the position and velocity are also periodic that the acceleration of the particle is proportional to the difference between x(t) and xo and evaluate the proportionality constant. Show that in the case that the position and velocity are also periodic the following quantity is a constant of the motion (independent of time): w? (x(€) — x»)? + v(t)? 7) Suppose that a particle moves on a circle starting from rest with constant angular acceleration « ( ie.“ = a = constant). Derive an expression for the angle between the acceleration of the particle and the velocity of the particle expressed entirely in terms of the angular displacement from the particle's starting position. [The angular displacement is the total accumulated angle over time, not modulo 2m; in other words, the total distance travelled along the circle divided by the radius of the circle.] 8) Assmall block slides without friction on a fixed large hemispherical surface (see diagram below). The particle starts from almost rest at the top of the sphere and moves with the same speed that it would have at any height as if it had fallen from rest straight down with constant acceleration g from the top of the sphere. The block will lose contact with the sphere when its acceleration vector is g. At what angular position 0 will the block leave the surface?9) Assmall block sits on a large triangle shaped incline, which in turn, sits on a horizontal surface as shown in the diagram below. The system is released from rest (no parts moving) from the position shown in the diagram. Once itis released from rest, the incline slides to the left with respect to the fixed horizontal surface with constant acceleration of magnitude g/10. At the same time the blocke slides along the incline with constant magnitude acceleration with respect to the incline of magnitude g/2; where g is the acceleration due to gravity at the earth’s surface. Find expressions for the location of the block and the speed of the incline when the little block reaches the horizontal surface. Express your answers in terms of (any,all,ngne) H,g,and 8. b= — Lite Block 10)Albert Einstein is credited with a clever proof of the Pythagorean Theorem using dimensional analysis. His argument goes something like this: a) Every right triangle is uniquely determined by the length of its hypotenuse (H) and an angle @ (see diagram ). b) Since this is true and every right triangle has some area A which has units of type Length, then since @ is dimensionless it follows by dimensional analysis it must be true that there is a formula for the area A of the triangle of the form A = (8) H2. ©) Apply this idea to the following picture to complete Einstein's proof. Einstein is said to have liked this proof better than more typical proofs presented in his geometry class in school because it involved drawing fewer lines on a diagram and was therefore, in his view, simpler and more economical. Einstein's Line