MECHANICAL BEHAVIOUR OF MATERIALS

3 sks/TL141332
TUESDAY 10.00 - 12.30

Amaliya Rasyida
amaliya@mat-eng.its.ac.id /amaliyarasyida@gmail.com
Office: MT219 / Innovative Materials Lab.

+6281331659791

MATERIALS AND METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

FTI - ITS
MATERIALS AND METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
What can be characterize from hardness test?
Resistance to plastic deformation (scratching, abrasion, cutting or
penetration)

History?
Early hardness (ability to scratch another that was softer)
Quantitative hardness ( small indenter forced into the surface) ->
Mohs scale : 1 utk soft, 10 utk diamond.

MATERIALS AND METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

 Quality control of manufacturing processes
Materials evaluation
Research
Development purposes

Indicate of ductility and resistance to wear.

Hardness may also be shown to correlate to tensile
strength in many metals.

MATERIALS AND METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

 The Most frequently performed

They are simple and inexpensive

Small deformation
Other mechanical properties often may be
estimated from hardness data, such as tensile
strength

MATERIALS AND METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

MATERIALS AND METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
 Hardness Testing
Indentation Hardness used for steel
as opposed to scratch or rebound hardness
It is indicative of ultimate tensile strength
Atoms move out of the way to create indentation
Two main types: Brinell and Rockwell

MATERIALS AND METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

 Brinell
Harder materials require greater applied load
HB is a function of both the magnitude of the
load and the diameter resulting indentation
Standard load range 500-3000 kg, increment
500kg.
Load constant at specific time (10-30 s)

MATERIALS AND METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

 ASTM and ISO use the HB value. It can be HBS
(Hardness, Brinell, Steel) or the HBW
(Hardness, Brinell, Tungsten)
HBW = 0.102 BHN
Sometimes written as HBW 10/3000
(Tungsten, 10 mm diameter, 3,000 kg force)

MATERIALS AND METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Brinell Hardness
 Typical HB values
Material Hardness

Softwood (e.g., pine) 1.6 HBS 10/100

Hardwood 2.67.0 HBS 1.6 10/100
Aluminum 15 HB
Copper 35 HB
Mild steel 120 HB
18-8 (304) stainless steel annealed 200 HB
Glass 1550 HB
Hardened tool steel 15001900 HB
Rhenium diboride 4600 HB

MATERIALS AND METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

 Rockwell

MATERIALS AND METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

 Most common, no need specific skill
define as difference in depth of penetration resulting
from the application of an initial minor load followed by
major load
Specified as Rockwell (10 kg) and Superficial Rockwell
(3kg)
Permit for all metal alloys as well as polymer
80HRB? 60HR30W?

MATERIALS AND METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

MATERIALS AND METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
 Accuracy of the test
Ball indenter condition
Load accuracy
Impact load
Surface of the specimen
Thickness
The form of the specimen
Location of indentation
Uniformity of the sample
Indentation measurement error

MATERIALS AND METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

 Indentation measurement error
Ridging and Sinking Change in the surface level around
the impression

Types of diamond-pyramid indentation (a) perfect

indentation (b) pincushion indentation due to sinking in
(c) barrelled indentation due to ridging

MATERIALS AND METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

MATERIALS AND METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT