Distribution Collection Book

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www.elecgate.com

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Eng_abdelmonem shaban
Contents of distribution book

Ch1: AutoCAD
Basic AutoCAD Commands
Ch2: indoor Lighting
Luminaire Selection (From Catalogue)
Distribution of Luminaire ( Manual & Dialux program )
Ch3: Sockets (Power)
Types of sockets.
Distribution of sockets.
Ch4: Panel Boards
Construction of panel board.
How to draw the Panel Board (S.L.D).
Types of Panel Board.
Panel Board location.
Ch5: Circuit Breaker
Operating voltage of C.B
Rated current of C.B (Ir or In) Amp.
Instantaneous short circuit current (Im)
Rated breaking capacity (Icu) KA
Types of C.B
Types of poles.
Earth leakage C.B
Contents of distribution book 2 Power System Distribution

Ch6: Cables
Operating voltage
Operating frequency
Conductor type
Insulation level
Core number
Neutral and Earthing cable
Derating factors
Cross section area (mm2)
Ch7: Cable Routing
Cable trays
pipes
underground Cables
Ch8: Design of Panel Board (Lighting +Sockets) and Wiring System
Ch9: Air Condition (HVAC)
Central Air Condition type
Direct expansion ( D.X ) type
Split type.
Ch10: Lifts and Escalators
Selection of motor rated power
Total load calculation of lifts
Panel board design

Ch11: busbar trucking

Specs of B.B. according to
Type of Bus duct
Arranged
Rated current
SC current
Voltage drop
Feeding type
Types of joints
IP
Ch12:- Ring main unit (R.M.U)
Construction
Operation
Ch13:- Load Estimation According to Egyptian Code
Ch14:- Transformer sizing and Selection
Types of distribution transformers [OIL TYPE and DRY TYPE].
Transformer construction.
Transformer sizing and rated power calculation.
Transformer room sizing.
Transformer Protection.
Ch15:- Generator Sizing
Types of diesel generator.
Diesel generator sizing and rated power calculation.

Diesel generator room sizing.

A.T.S
Ch16:- Distributor
Construction
Operation
Types and specification
Ch17:- U.P.S
Types of UPS.
U.P.S selection and sizing.
Ch18:- Feeding System (medium voltage) according to Egyptian Code
Types of feeding systems according to Egyptian Code.
Ch19:- power factor Correction
P.F Definition.
Purpose of P.F correction.
P.F calculation using (calculation and program).
Specs of Capacitor Bank.
Design of capacitor bank panel board.
Ch20:- Short Circuit Calculation
Purpose of short circuit calculation.
Short circuit calculation using (manual Calculation).
Short circuit calculation using (Tables )
Ch21:- Voltage Drop Calculation
Purpose of voltage drop calculation.

Voltage drop calculation using (manual and Programs).

Ch22:-outdoor lighting (streets lighting)
by using manual calculation
by using Dialux program
Ch23:-outdoor lighting (sports area)
Introduction
Lighting terms for the understanding of sports lighting
Lighting requirements
Selection of floodlights
Multipurpose sports halls
Outdoor Basketball
Outdoor Tennis
Football
Hockey
Cricket
Contacts
Ch24:-Earthing Calculation

Basic AutoCAD Commands
()Background
- ( )Right Click ( )Option .
- OP + ENTER ( )color .
Ch1: AutoCAD 7 Power System Distribution


( )Drawing ( )Modify ( )measure (.)layers
:
)1 .
)2 ( )Draw( )Modify .
)3 ) )LINE ()L + ENTER
( )
(:)Mouse
)a ( )L-Click
()L-Click
)b ( )Roll ()zoom
)c ( )R-Click setting
Roll the wheel forward Zoom In

Roll the wheel backward Zoom Out
Double-click the wheel button Zoom Extents
Hold down the wheel button and drag the mouse Pan

.
: ( : ) Drawing
(1) Line L + Enter

End Point
AutoCAD :
First point
-1
-2 ( )draw
-3 ( )L + Enter
( )ESC .
: .( L- CLICK) -
: ( )F8 )F8(
)Ortho mode( .
: .
:
( )Format ( )Line Weight ()Display Line Weight

.
: .Enter
: .

.

-1 ) ( L- CLICK .
-2 ( )two point
) (L- CLICK .
-3 )two point(
) (L- CLICK .
( )1 ) ( L- CLICK
( )2 ) ( L- CLICK .
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(2) Arc A+ Enter
Second
First point End point
) ( Arc
)1 .
)2 ( )draw .
)3 A + Enter
.
.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3-Rectangular Rec+ Enter

End point )1 .
)2 ( )draw
First point )3 Rec + Enter
20 x 10
Rec + Enter. , Enter
.Y axis width & X axis length :
.
4-Circle C + Enter
)1 .
)2 ( )draw
)3 C + Enter
10
C + Enter 10 Enter
5-Poly line PL + Enter

-1 .
-2 ( )draw
-3 PL+ Enter
LINE
6-Polygon POL + Enter

)1 .
)2 ( )draw
)3 POL+ Enter
POL+ Enter


)( I ( )C
.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7-ELLIPSE EL + Enter )1 .
)2 ( )draw
)3 EL+ Enter
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
:
OSNAP OS + Enter

OSNAP.
(
) .

)1 .
)2 TOOLS . Drafting Setting
)3 ( OS+ Enter ) F3

select All . OK
1-Endpoint :
2-Midpoint :
3-Center :
4-Quadrant

POLAR TRACKING
)1 .
)2 TOOLS Drafting Setting .Polar Tracking Tab

)3 . F10
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: ( : ) Modify
( ) Select .
1- Hatch H + Enter

-1 .
-2 H + Enter
: Hatch -:
H + Enter L-Click
Enter
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2-TrimTR + Enter
-1 .
-2 TR + Enter
: 2 5
TR + Enter

3-Extend Ex + Enter
-1 .
-2 EX+ Enter

6, 5, 4, 3, 2 1
EX + Enter 2. 6
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4-Rotate Ro + Enter
-1 .
-2 Ro + Enter
60O Ro + Enter :
Rotate L-Click 60O Enter
()Manual
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5-Scale SC + Enter
-1 .
-2 SC + Enter
: 3
SC + Enter L-CLICK 3 Enter
( L-Click ) MOUSE
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6-Copy Co + Enter -1 .
-2 Co + Enter
: :
: ( (select Co + Enter

7-Move M + Enter
-1 .
-2 M + Enter
: M + Enter
.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8- Block B + Enter
-1 B + Enter
-2 .
: Block B + Enter Pick Point
. Enter
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
9- Explode X + Enter
-1 X + Enter
-2

X + Enter :

10 - RFRF + Enter

: ap + Enter
Load Enter
:
: 4 2 2 Dialux
B + Enter .
-1 RF + Enter
-2 Block
-3 Zero
-4 2
-5 2
-6 First Corner Enter
-7 Second Corner Enter
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
11-divide div+ Enter DIV + Enter

( (select DIV + Enter

.
FORMAT
POINT STYLE .OK

12- Break Br + Enter

-1 Br + Enter
2 1 -2 .
: 2,1 Br + Enter

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
13- Fillet F + Enter
-1 .
-2 F + Enter
: 2, 1
( (F + Enter
) (R+ENTER Enter

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
14- Aline Al + Enter
Al + Enter 1 2
.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
15- Mirror MI + Enter -1 .
-2 MI + Enter
: Mirror ( )1 MI + Enter (
) Enter

16 - Stretch S + Enter -1
-2 S + Enter
S + Enter
L-CLICK .
-------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------
17- Match ma + Enter
-1 :
ma + Enter .
text
-------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------
18- Offset O + Enter
-1
-2 O + Enter
: .
O + Enter
5, 4, 3, 2 .
---------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
19- Area AA + Enter
AA + Enter 5,4,3,2,1 Enter

20- Dimension DI + Enter

2 1
DI + Enter 2, 1 Enter
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
21- Dimension Dimension
-1 linear

Aligned -2 .
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
22- Text T + Enter -1 ()A
-2 T+ Enter
Text D. Click

-------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------
23- Insert Block I + Enter
:
i + Enter

24- B count+ Enter
B Count + Enter Enter

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LAYERS
LAYERS
LAYER LAYER LAYER
LAYERS LAYER PROPERTIES

( ( NEW LAYER LAYER .
) (SET LAYER LAYER

.
) (LAYER LOCK LAYER LOCK

) (LAYER OFF LAYER
) (LAYER FREEZE LAYER LAYER
LAYER
LAYER PROPERTIES LAYER
LAYER
( LAYER ) ISOLATE
( ( UNISOLATE LAYER LAYER .
:
LAYER LAYER
LAYER .

INDOOR LIGHTING
Contents:-
1- Luminaire Selection (From Catalogue)

2- Distribution of Luminaire ( Manual & Dialux program )
To distribute any area must be specified the following:-
[1] Room Function

To know
Lighting Level [LUX] Type of Luminaire
Get from standard code tables Get from Lighting Catalogue

IEC (international engineering code)
EC (Egyptian code)
NEC (national engineering code)

)(
021
01
:
051
011
Ch2: Lighting 23 Power System Distribution

Power System Distribution
021
021

021
511
011

011 -
511 -
021
011

011
511
0111

011
01
0111
011
:
011
011
06
021
011

021

511

011
511
0111

011
511
0111

511
0111
011
5111
0111
511

511
511

01
011

01
0111
511

511
01
511
021

511


051
011
011
021
011
511
511
511
011
511
021

011
051
:
511
0111
:
211
211
511

:
511
0111
0111
[2] Room Dimension
? To know number of luminaires which achieve the suitable LUX.
N area

Surface
Recessed
[3] Ceiling Type
Gibson board
Suspended
Surface mounted ceiling
Recessed mounted ceiling


) (30 X 60 cm ) (60 X 60 cm
)(30 X 120 cm )(60 X 120 cm
.

Suspended mounted ceiling

- 8m - 6m
and so on.----------14m - 12m
Gipson board mounted ceiling

)spots(
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Zero
[4] Work plane height
80 cm
Depends on furniture such as:-
Take zero if corridor or shops.

Take 80cm if office.

[5] Environment
To specify the index protection
Dust Moisture Vibration
[0 - 6] [0 8] [0 9]

[6] Indoor or Outdoor Lighting
To specify the following:-
Type of luminaire
Maintenance factor [ Indoor take 0.8 & outdoor take (0.6----0.4 )]
[7] Direct or Indirect Lighting
Direct lighting (ON/OFF) Indirect lighting

(ON/OFF)
V Lumen
Lumen = no. of lighting Lines = flux / lamp
Dimming done by using: Resistance, Thermistor or Triack.
)led halogen( Dimming

--------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------
-------------------------------
---------------------
------

Luminaire selection
Lamp Ballast (Gear) Housing
Type of lamps
Filament LED Gas Discharge
Incandescent Fluorescent
Halogen (Tungsten) High Pressure sodium
Reflector Low Pressure Sodium
High Pressure Mercury
Metal Halide
Filament Lamps:-
[1] Incandescent Lamp

Color: yellow
Color rendering factor %011

0111

Power
60 W 75 W 100 W 150 W 200 W 300 W 500 W 1000 W
)(Watt
Lumen 730 960 1350 2220 3150 3500 8400 13800
Lum/W 12.2 12.5 13.5 14.9 15.5 16.7 16.8 18.8
]Lumen: Flux/Lamp [Lm


[2] Halogen or tungsten lamps
%011
20
lm/w 4111
Color: Yellow
Used in shops, landscape and gallery.

[3] Reflected Lamps
-:
Filament Lamps
.

Gas Discharge Lamps:-

[1] Fluorescent Lamps
Tube Compact
TL-D (T8) Lamps Integrated
TL-5 Lamps Non Integrated
Fluorescent tubes are a low-pressure mercury discharge lamp in which light is

produced predominantly through fluorescent powder activated by the
discharge ultraviolet energy.
TL-D (T8)Lamps:-
18 Watt 60 Cm 1300 Lumen
For Recessed mounted ceiling:
If L= 60cm & W= 60cm use luminaire 4x18 OR 3x18 watt.
If L= 30cm & W= 60cm use luminaire 2x18 watt.
If L= 30cm & W= 120cm use luminaire 2x36 watt.
If L= 120cm & W= 60cm use luminaire 4x36 w OR 3x36 w.
For Surface mounted ceiling:
Use luminaire 4x18 watt in (offices education---------)

Use luminaire 2x36 for energy saving (stores-garage- electric room)
18 W 1300 Lumen
36 W 3350 Lumen
Also 4x18 is more expensive than 2x36 luminaire.
58 watt lamps used in open area such as: Supermarket and Hyper malls.
Because
58 W 5400 Lumen

TL-5 Lamps:-

For Recessed mounted celling: according to the area of the celling
For Surface mounted celling: the same as in TL-D type.
Type TL-5 TL-D

Lumen High Lm/W Low Lm/W
Size Diameter: 16mm Diameter: 26mm
Life time 25,000 hours 10,000 hours
Watt Low wattage High power
Color
85% 85%
rendering
cost High Low
TL-5
Compact Fluorescent Lamps: - (Saving Lamp)
A) Integrated type
Low Lumen/watt

B) Non Integrated type

High Lumen/watt
Life time about 10,000H
Used in spots:
2x18W ( 5.3 )
2x26W ) 3 - 5.3 )
Power Factor = 0.9 0.97

[2] High Pressure Sodium [SON]
Color Rendering 25% -

Color: yellow

type power lumen Lumen/watt C.R Life time
150W 17500 110 Lm/W 25% 38,000 hr.
SON 250W 33200 128 Lm/W 25% 38,000 hr.
400W 56500 138 Lm/W 25% 38,000 hr.

[3] Low Pressure Sodium [SOX]
Color Rendering 45% Color: yellow

Life
type power lumen Lumen/watt C.R
time
90W 13600 150 45% 18,000H

SOX
180W 32000 177 45% 18,000H

[4] High Pressure Mercury [HPM]
Color Rendering 45%
Color: white
type power lumen Lumen/watt C.R Life time

250W 12700 50 Lm/W 45% 15,000 hr.
HPM
400W 22000 55 Lm/W 45% 15,000 hr.
[5] Metal Halide

Color Rendering 70 90 %
Color: white

5 ) SPOTS(
Power: 35Watt ----------- up to ------------ 2000 Watt
type lumen power Life time application

spots
3100 35W 10,000H
5600 70W 10,000H
12500 150 W 10,000H

factories
MH 19000 250 W 10,000H
32500 400 W 10,000H

Sports area
100000 1000 W 10,000H
200000 2000 W 10,000H

LED Lighting
LED stands for Light Emitting Diode
Led is semiconductor device that allow current to pass through one
direction. Once current passes through, the diode emits light.
The advantages of LEDS

1) High efficiency (lumen/watt) about 100 lumen /watt.
2) High life time up to 50,000hr.
3) Dimmable.
4) Low temperature.
5) Different colors (RGB).
6) No maintenance

LED SYSTEMS
LED tube LED compact lamps


Efficiency
Color
Lamp type Power(watt) lumen Length Life time (lumen
rendering
/watt)
18W 1350 85% 60Cm 10,000 hr. 75 Lm/W
TL-D fluorescent 36W 3350 85% 120Cm 10,000 hr. 93 Lm/W
58W 5400 85% 150Cm 10,000 hr. 93 Lm/W
14W 1200 85% 60Cm 20,000 hr. 86 Lm/W
TL-5 fluorescent 28W 2900 85% 120Cm 20,000 hr. 103 Lm/W
35W 4000 85% 150Cm 20,000 hr. 114 Lm/W
18W 1300 82% ---------- 10,000 hr. 72 Lm/W
compact
fluorescent 26W 1800 82% ---------- 10,000 hr. 70Lm/W
(nonintegrated)
36W 2800 82% ---------- 10,000 hr. 78 Lm/W
20 W 300 100% ---------- 4000 hr. 15 Lm/W
35 W 600 100% ---------- 4000 hr. 18 Lm/W
Halogen
70 W 1 400 100% ---------- 4000 hr. 20 Lm/W
100 W 2 550 100% ---------- 4000 hr. 15 Lm/W
150 W 17500 25% ---------- 38,000 hr. 110 Lm/W
High pressure
250 W 33200 25% ---------- 38,000 hr. 128 Lm/W
sodium
400 W 56500 25% ---------- 38,000 hr. 138 Lm/W
High pressure 250 W 12700 45% ---------- 15,000 hr. 50 Lm/W

MERCURY 400 W 22000 45% ---------- 15,000 hr. 55 Lm/W
35W 3100 70% TO 90% ---------- 10,000 hr.
70W 5600 70% TO 90% ---------- 10,000 hr. 79 Lm/W
150 W 12500 70% TO 90% ---------- 10,000 hr. 86 Lm/W
Metal halide 250 W 19000 70% TO 90% ---------- 10,000 hr. 76 Lm/W
400 W 32500 70% TO 90% ---------- 10,000 hr. 82 Lm/W
1000 W 100000 70% TO 90% ---------- 10,000 hr. 96.2 Lm/W
2000 W 200000 70% TO 90% ---------- 10,000 hr. 98 Lm/W
led 85% ---------- 50,000 hr. 110 Lm/W

(Ballast)

.
Types of Ballast:-
1) Magnetic Ballast
PF [0.4- 0.6]
Used in cold room
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2) Electronic Ballast
PF [0.9- 0.97]

Ex:-
For a luminaire 4x18W with

magnetic ballast(PF= 0.5)
The consumed power is S= P/PF = (4x18)/0.5 = 144 VA
For a luminaire 4x18W with electronic ballast(PF= 0.95)
The consumed power is S= P/PF = (4x18)/0.95 = 75.78 VA

Housing
Cover Mirror
Prismatic diffuser Opal Diffuser Aluminum
Used against dust used against moisture used to distribute the light
LAMP COLOR

To select any luminaire according to:
1- Type of ceiling
2- Lamp type
3- Ballast
4- Cover (Opal or Prismatic ) or Mirror type
5- IP [ Index Protection ]
6- COLOR TYPE
7- housing
8- manufacture of approved equal

Type (A)
Technical Data
Description : Recessed Mounted luminaire 60Cm x60Cm.
Luminaire housing of sheet steel with internal and

Luminaire housing :
External electrostatic white paint.
Reflector : High-gloss optic, double parabolic
Control Gear : Electronic Ballast. High Frequency Regulator (HFR)
Lamps : Fluorescent lamps 4x14 w TL-5
Degree of protection : IP20
Color index White color (4000K)
Similar to Philips Catalogue (tbs260) or approved

Manufacturer :
equal.
Application :

Type(B)
Technical Data
Description : Surface Mounted TL5 fluorescent lamps.
Luminaire housing : Fibre-glass reinforced polyester, grey.
Reflector : Polycarbonate.
Electronic Ballast. High Frequency Regulator

Control Gear :
(HFR)
Lamps : Fluorescent lamps 2x28W TL-5.
Similar to Philips Catalogue (Pacific TCW216) or

Manufacturer :
approved equal.
Application :

Type(C)
Technical Data
Recessed Mounted 2 PL-L compact fluorescent
Description :
lamps,
Luminaire housing : plastic, injection molded
plastic, injection molded with high efficient

Reflector :
reflective layer
Lamps : compact fluorescent PL-C lamps 2 x 55
Manufacturer : Similar to EGYLUX Catalogue or approved equal.
Application : V.I.P rooms,

Type(D)
Technical Data
Description : Recessed Mounted TL5 Fluorescent lamps.
Luminaire housing : antibacterial
Reflector : Opal acrylic cover (O)
Lamps : Fluorescent lamps 4 x 14 w TL-5
Degree of
: IP65
protection
Similar to Philips Catalogue(CR200B) or approved

Manufacturer :
equal.
Intensive Care, Chamber of operation, Resuscitate

Application :
the lounge

Type(E)
Technical Data
Description : fixed downlight with compact fluorescent lamp(s)
Reflector : PIRSIMATIC cover (P))
Lamps : Fluorescent lamps 2 x 26 w
Color index Worm white color (3000K)
Similar to Philips Catalogue or approved equal.

Manufacturer :
Application : Corridors - -

Type: (T) bed head unit
Technical Data
Diffuser
: Surface wall-mounted
Made of high quality extruded aluminum, painted in

Luminaire housing : stove enameled white baked epoxy polyester mix-
powder.
Reflector
: Opal metacrylate diffuser
Control Gear :
Electronic ballast
Polyurethane gasket, elastic washers and rubber
Tightness :
seals,
Lamps : (1*28W+1*14W) TL-5 Fluorescent lamp
Degree of IP54
:
protection Class I
Manufacturer : Nardeen or approved equal.

Type: (F)
Technical Data
Description : Energy saving and particle universal. luminaire.
Luminaire
: Heat resistant thermoplastic housing.
housing
Reflector : Acrylic diffuser reflector.
Control Gear : Electronic Ballast
Lamps : Compact fluorescent, Dulux F36W
Degree of
: IP44
protection
Similar to Lival-Finland of type Globus or approved

Manufacturer :
equal.
Application

Lighting Distribution
Manual distribution:-
N=
Where
N: Number of Luminaires
n: number of lamps per luminaire
Lux: Lighting level, get from standard table (IEC, EC and NEC)
a: Room width
b: Room length
U.F: Utilization factor
M.F: Maintenance factor
1) How to calculate utilization factor (U.F) :-
Calculate room index [k] = ( )
Then by knowing the color of walls, celling and ground we can get the U.F
from the table.

R: Reflection of walls, celling and work plane.
K: Room index.

Utilization Factor Table
Ref 0.7 ---> (walls)

K 0.5 ---> (celling)
0.2 ---> (work plane)
0.5
0.75
1 (U.F)
1.25
2) Maintenance Factor:-
Indoor lighting [M.F = 0.8] Outdoor lighting [M.F = 0.4 - 0.6]
3) Lux [ Lighting Level ]:-
Take the value from standard tables codes (EC or IEC)
4) Lumen get from specification of lamp in catalogues:-
From calculation if the total number of luminaire in the room = [N], then to
get the number of luminaire in length and width calculate the following:-
Number of luminaire in length(column) =
Number of luminaire in width (row)=
Where:-
W: Width L: Length N: Total number of luminaires

Example
If we have office room with the following dimensions:-

a= 8.5 m b= 8.5 m h= 4m
Lux= 500 Lux use (4X14 Watt) ----->lumen= 1200
N=
So, No. of luminaire in width = = =4
No. of luminaire in length = = =4

Distance between two luminaire must be equal double distance between wall
and luminaire.

Programing Distribution using (DIALux program):-

DIALUX
.
Red dialux





---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Blue dialux






Sockets (Power)
Contents:-
1. Types of sockets.
2. Distribution of sockets.
Types of Sockets
1) General used sockets or Single sockets.

Standard rating for single socket:-
V = 250 volt ; I = 10 A or I = 16 A
S (VA) = according to codes
IEC EC
180 VA 250 VA
----------------***---------------***---------------***---------------
2) Double socket
Ch3: Sockets (Power) 73 Power System Distribution

Standard rating for double socket:-

V = 250 volt ; I = 10 A or16 A
S = according to codes
IEC EC
360 VA 500 VA
---------------***---------------***---------------***---------------
3) Power socket
Standard rating for power socket:-
V = 250 volt ; I = 20 A or 32 A
For (500 < S > 3000 VA) Take 20A.
For (3000 < S > 5000 VA) Take 32A.
Take it in calculation (Depend on load)
Application: 0.5 KVA
(1) Kitchen (2) Bath Rooms (heater and hand drier)

(3) Laundry (4) Drilling Machines
-------------***---------------***---------------***---------------
4) U.P.S socket
Standard rating for U.P.S Sockets: - V = 250 volt; I = 10 A or 16 A
Take it in calculation (Depend on load). A separated distribution
board For UPS- socket should be design.


5) Weather proof socket

It is normal socket with cover (IP)
SOCKETS Weather proof SOCKETS
Application
Corridors
Kitchen
Bath Room
Outdoor
Stores
Factories
---------------***---------------***---------------***---------------
6) 3 socket(plug in ) ()
Standard rating for 3 sockets:-

V = 400 volt;
I = 16A, 32A, 63A, 100A or 125A.

7) Column sockets

Standard rating for column sockets:-

V = 250 V I = 20 A & Outlet: 6, 12, 18, 24 outlets
---------------***---------------***---------------***---------------
8) Trunking Socket

V = 250 V & I = 20 A & Outlet: 6, 12, and 18

---------------***---------------***---------------***-------------
9) Floor box
V = 250 V & I = 16 A & Outlet: 1, 2, 3,4,5,6 & (IP67)

Sockets Mounting
)1 03 03
1.2 1.35
)2
.
)0

.
)0 .
)
.
)6
.
)7
.
)
3 .
)9
.
)11 )
. )
)Ch3: Sockets (Power 79 Power System Distribution

1.8 )2
3.65

: ( )Standard

) : ( -:

Panel Boards
)(
Contents:-
1) Construction of panel board.
2) How to draw the Panel Board (S.L.D).
3) Types of Panel Board.
4) Panel Board location.
Construction of panel board and specification.

1) Main circuit breaker
2) Bus bars (R+S+T+N+E)
3) outgoing circuit breakers or fuses
4) indicted lamps
5) digital meters(Volt- Amp- KW - KVA- P.F- VAR)
6) current and voltage transformers (C.T & V.T)
7) insulations
-:)main circuit breaker(

short circuit
. )A.C.B() M.C.B( ) M.C.C.B(
Ch4: Panel Boards 83 Power System Distribution

) Bus Bar ( B.B

.

( )PVC

( )rated current ( ) short circuit current
.
)1 .
)2

.

( )outgoing circuit breaker

( )analog meters ( .)digital meters
( ( KWh ,KW and KVAR power
factor .
* .

) (
---------------------------------------------
IP
()IP44
()IP54
)IP65( OUTDOOR
2 .

)PANEL BOARD DRAWING (S.L.D
( )single line diagram
-:1 30 HP 2
20 HP

-: 2



.
-:
TYPE FEEDING SYMBOL
NORMAL transformer N
transformer
EMERGENCY E
generator
transformer
U.P.S U.P.S U.P.S
generator
-:

ATS
Automatic transfer switch ATS
NORMAL

( )emergency
33
...
U.P.S
U.P.S
UPS
.

UPS
. Ampere Hour UPS
: . .
UPS
UPS
ATS ()
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Panel board location
)1 zones 33 .
)2 zones ( 6
12- 11 - 24 - 36- 41 -)

)3

Circuit Breaker
Specification of circuit Breaker:-

[1] Operating voltage of C.B
[2] Rated current of C.B (Ir or In) Amp.
[3] Instantaneous short circuit current (Im)
[4] Rated breaking capacity (Icu) KA
[5] Types of C.B
[6] Types of poles.
[7] Earth leakage C.B
Construction of low voltage C.B
Ch5: Circuit Breaker 94 Power System Distribution

1- Operating Principle of low voltage C.B
Ir: rated current of C.B (Amp)
Im: intendance short circuit current of C.B
Ic.u: max short circuit current or (Rated Breaking capacity) (KA)
Note:
Ir: depend on KVA of load
(Discussed in details in this chapter)
Icu: depend on the impedance of (Cables, Bus Bars and Transformers)
(Will be discussed in details in SC calculation chapter)

Operating voltage of C.B
Low voltage Medium voltage High voltage

(1V 1KV) (1KV 66KV) (66KV 500KV)
1 220 11 KV, 22KV 132KV, 220KV

6.6KV,3.3 KV 500KV
3 380 V
MCB MCCB - ACB SF6 - Vacuum Oil - SF6
Low Voltage C.B
1 C.B 3 C.B
220 Volt 380 Volt
S < 5 KVA S > 5 KVA
3 5 KVA
--------------------------------------------------
2- How to select C.B according to Ir(A)?
EX-1
Ir of C.B=?
Cable 1 , Load
4HP
NOTE:-
We assume that HP = KVA
As, S 1= V. I So, (Single Phase)

IL = 4.5 * KVA OR IL = 4.5 * HP for 1- Load
I load = 4.5 * 4 = 18 A
IC.B = Safety factor X Iload
Safety factor
E.C IEC NEC

25% over load 20%over load 10% over load
IC.B = 1.25 * 18 = 22.5 Amp.

(But there is no C.B with Ir = 22.5A)
So, from C.B standard:-
20A 25A 32A
22.5A
So, Select C.B = 25 Amp.
Circuir Breaker Ratings

CB
10 16 20 25 32 40 50 63 80 100 125 160 200 250 400 630 800 1000 1250 1600 2000 2500 3200 4000 5000 6300
(A)
MCB ACB
MCCB

EX-2
Ir of C.B =?
3, 50Hz
LOAD 50 HP
As, So, (Three Phase)

IL = 1.5 * KVA OR IL = 1.5 * HP for 3- Load
IL = 1.5 *50 = 75 A IC.B = 75 * 1.25 = 94 A

From C.B standard
80A 100A
94 A
Select C.B = 100 A
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
EX:-3 3ph load, 140 hp
IL = 140 * 1.5 = 210 A
IC.B = 210 * 1.25 = 262.5 A
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ex:-4 3ph load, 160KVA
Irated = 1.5 * 160 = 240 A
IC.B = 1.25 * 240 = 300 A

3- Instantaneous short circuit current (Im)

How to select C.B according to Im?
)B( -1
{ static loads} ) 5In --- 3In ( Im

-2 ()C
Im ( ) 10In --- 5In } {dynamic loads
-3 ()D
Im ( ) 20In --- 10In
------------------------------------------------------------
Types of low voltage Circuit Breakers
) ( (1) Miniature C.B

-1 6A 125A
-2 4.5KA- 6KA10KA15 KA
-3
-4

(2) Molded Case C.B :
)1 16A 1600A
)2 ON -OFF-Tripped
)3 ( )Adjustable .
( )Adjustable 100A
)4 . 100KA
)5 .
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(3) Air circuit breaker :
)1 630A 6300A
)2 ( )Adjustable .
)3 . 150KA
)4

MCCB M.C.B
A.C.B M.C.C.B M.C. B
A.C.B M.C.C.B
6300A 1600A 630A 125A 16A 6A
(1) If C.B Ir = 6 A or 10 A M.C.B
(2) If C.B 125 A < Ir < 630 A M.C.C.B
(3) If C.B 1600A < Ir < 6300 A A.C.B
(4) If C.B 16A < Ir < 125A may be M.C.B or M.C.C.B
(5) If C.B 630A < Ir < 1600A may be M.C.C.B or A.C. B

So, How to select the suitable type?!
The answer is where the location of C.B in the network is.

Because:
M.C.B operates in 3 msec during short circuit.
M.C.C.B operates in 9 msec during short circuit.
A.C.B operates in 30 msec during short circuit.
MCB MCCB ACB
Rating Increase
Speed Increase
If C.B Incoming Select MCCB
If C.B Outgoing Select MCB if current (6 A - 125A) and short
circuit < 15KA
If C.B Outgoing Select MCCB if current (I >125 A)
If C.B Outgoing Select MCCB if current (6 A -125A) AND
and short circuit > 15KA
If C.B After Transformer must be A.C.B except only one case, If the
transformer locates in any area contain dust such as outdoor & factories must
be selected MCCB. Because the MCCB can be maintained, but the A.C.B is
very hard to be maintained.
If C.B Outgoing Select A.C.B if current (I >1600 A)


Types of Poles of CB
(1) Single Phase - Single pole (2) Single Phase - Two Pole
(3) 3 Phase - 3 Pole C.B (4) 3 Phase - 4 Pole C.B
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Earth leakage C.B (ELCB or RCCB)
There are two types: 1 ELCB and 3 ELCB

Operating Principle:-
For single phase system the ELCB compare the difference between the life and
neutral phases with the adjusted setting value.
Iin E
L LOAD
Iout C
B
Iin = Iout Normal Operation
IinIout Earth Leakage

So,
Iin = Iout + ILeakage
ILekage= Iin - Iout
In case of three phase system the ELCB compare the difference between the three
line phase and the neutral with the adjusted setting value.
IR
E Is
L
C IT LOAD
B
IN
IR + Is + IT = IN= zero balance

IR + Is + IT = IN = Value Unbalance
IR + Is + IT - IN = ILeakage = zero Normal operation
IR + Is + IT - IN = ILeakage = value Earth Leakage
Main function of ELCB

(1) To protect Human, we select Isetting = Iin - Iout = 30 mA
(2) To protect machines, we select I setting = 300 mA

Medium Voltage C.B
Rated Voltages are
22 KV 11KV 6.6 KV 3.3 KV
Rated currents are I rated = 630 ~ 4000A

Rated Breaking Capacity
(A) 11KV MVAS.C = 500 MVA
(B) 22KV MVAS.C = 750 MVA
(C) 6.6KV MVAS.C = 250 MVA
Types of MV C.B are: oil, Vacuum and SF6
Ir of C.B =?

Motor 2MVA
11 KV
= 104 A

Select: I CB = 630A Type: SF6 C.B

IS.C at 11KV 500 MVA
= 26 KV

Note: for MV motors there are a contribution of currents from the other neighbored
motors fed fault
The contribution range from (50% - 80%)
ICU = IS.C + 80% IS.C = 1.8 (26) = 46.8 KA
So, ICU = 50 KA
Note: Medium Voltage C.B Just operation only without fault detection (i.e.
controlled switch by protective relay).
C.T If C.B
Fault
V.T
Relay
Aux.
Relay Contact Coil

The Multi-Function protective relay protects the motor from:-

(1) Phase failure (open of one phase) (6) Over load
(2) Over temp (PT 100) (7) Over current
(3) Unbalance phase (8)Under voltage
(4) Over frequency (9)Over voltage
(5) Over speed. (10)Phase sequence

FUSES
Types of Fuses
(1) Semi-enclosed Fuse
(2) Cartridge Fuse

Mainly used in Siemens boxes

(3) High Rupture Capacity Fuse (HRCF)
(4) aM-Type Fuse
Ch5: Circuit Breaker 111 Power System

Distribution
Where:
- Semi enclosed and cartridge used in low voltage.
- High Rupture Capacity used in medium voltage
- H.R.C.F used to protect transformer from short circuit.
- aM fuse used to protect short circuit protection in motors, transformer and
other load with high inrush currents due to the good current limiting
capability and low I2t values.
- Rating of fuses start from 10A, 16A, 20A, 25, 32, 40, 50, 63, 80, 100, 125,
160, 200, 250, 320, 400, 630, 800, 1000, 1250A.
Ex.
To calculate the rating of fuse

(HRCF)
I rated = 52A
I FUSE = (Safety factor) *Irated
Safety factor = 1.25
If = 1.25 * 52 = 65 A
Select fuse rating = 80 A
Note: HRCF used only to protect

the transformer from short circuit

Cables
Cables are selected according to:
1) Operating voltage
2) Operating frequency
3) Conductor type
4) Insulation level
5) Core number
6) Neutral and Earthing cable
7) Derating factors
8) Cross section area (mm2)
[1] Operating voltage:-
Low voltage cable [ 1 V 1000 V ]
)0.6 /1 KV(
Medium voltage cable [ 1 KV 66 KV ]

)12 /20 KV( 11 KV
)18 /30 KV( 22 KV
)6 /10 KV( 3.3 KV - 6.6 KV
overhead conductor [ 66 KV 500 KV ]

Control Cable
Ch6: Cables 113 Power System Distribution

For the same C.S.A medium voltage cable insulation higher than low voltage
cables (V Insulation).
In general:-
V Insulation
I Cross Section Area
[2] Operating Frequency:-
50 Hz 60 Hz
[3] Conductor type:-
Aluminum (Al) Copper (Cu)

Conductivity of Al= 65% of Cu conductivity.

Al is lighter than Cu in weight.
Cu is higher cost than Al.
All medium voltage cables are made from Al because of two reasons:-
1) Low current I
2) Underground cable cost
Except cables used to fed motors load
Low voltage cables are preferred from Cu except underground cables of
electrical distribution company for residential area are Al.
Note

[4] Insulation Level:-
Type PVC XLPE
Standard normal temperature 70c 90c
Max Temp. at short circuit level 150c 250c
COST (LE/m) low High
All medium voltage cables with XLPE insulation because high short
circuit level.
@ 11 KV Network ----- SC= 500MVA
@ 22 KV Network ----- SC= 750MVA
Low voltage cables may be PVC or XLPE (PVC for low current & XLPE for
high current).

Note:-
Sheath is always made from PVC.
Conductor: Cu or Al
Insulation: PVC or XLPE
Sheath: PVC
S.T.A (Steel Tape Armoured)

[5] Armouring
S.W.A (Steel Wire Armoured)
Steel Tape Armoured [S. T.A]: Used for underground cables.
S.T.A withstands mechanical
Stress more than SWA,
but S.W.A more flexible than
S.T.A.

[6] Core number:-
a) Single core cable:

Application of single core cable:-
If CSA > 300mm2.
Residential area. (Riser)
Earthling cable.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
b) Two core cable:
Application of two core cable:-
Used in low voltage in 1 where there is
no earthing system [ L& N only ].

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
c) Three core cable:
Application of three core cable:-
Used in low voltage in 1 where
There is earthling system [L, N and E].

In medium voltage three phase [R, S, and T].
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
d) Four core cable:
Application of four core cable:-
Used for three phase network
In low voltage system [R, S, T and N].
================================================================
Cables Formations

Trefoil position is preferred than flat position as:
Flat position: Temp RDerating in cables.
Multicore cables are more economic than single core cables.

Multicore cables designed as trefoil so more technical than single core
cables.
Multicore cables are preferred than single core cables.
================================================================
For Neutral Cable:-
T
R
S N
IF C.S.A <=35mm2 C.S.A > 35mm2
ACCORDING
C.S.A (N) = C.S.A (L) C.S.A (N) = 1/2 C.S.A (L)
TO CODE

For Earthing Cable:-
If C.S.A 16 mm2 E=L
1 3
L=N=E R=S=T=N=E
3x mm2 5x mm2
L N E R S T N E
3 x 3 mm2 4 x 3+3 mm2
3 x 4 mm2 4x 4+4mm2
3 x 6mm2 4x 6+5mm2
3 x 10mm2 4x 10+10mm2
3 x 16 mm2 4 x 16+16mm2
If C.S.A =25 mm2 OR C.S.A =35 mm2 E = 16 mm2
If C.S.A >35 mm2 E=L
For three phase only E = L
3x + +
R S T N E

Ex:-
(3x 70 + 35)+35 & (3 x 240 + 120) +120 & (3 x 95 + 50) + 50
Single core or Multi core
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cable Design
Cables are designed according to:
Current carry capacity or thermal rating.
Voltage drop.
Short circuit level.
[1] Current Carry Capacity:-
C.B = 80 A Cables C.S.A =??!
LOAD 40 HP
3 PH, 50HZ
Irated = 40 x 1.5 = 60 Amp as HP = KVA
IC.B = 60 x 1.25 = 75 Amp C.B = 80 Amp

Icable =
So must select C.B before cable.
C.B rating depends on (KVA of load).
Cable sizing depends on C.B rating.
Types of Derating Factor:-
a) Ambient temperature Derating factor

b) Ground temperature Derating factor
c) Grouping factor
d) Burial depth Derating factor
e) Soil thermal resistivity


9 6-8 4-5 3 2
0.7 0.72 0.75 0.78 o.85
0.66 . 0.68 0.7 .73 0.8

De-rating Factor
Air Ground
Temp Temp
Grouping Factor Depth
Soil Thermal
Take T = 50c Take Tg = 50c
So, for PVC take 0.82 So, for PVC take 0.76
For XLPE take 0.89 For XLPE take 0.85
(for depth = 80 Cm)
How to calculate Derating Factor for group of cables?
Correction factor for cable laying in cable trays.

If cables are single layer and the distance between two cables is equal to 2 D
of cable and the distance between cable and wall equal D this mean:
Derating Factor D.F = 1
Ex:-

Icable =
Temp = 50c PVC D.FT= 0.82

Single cable D.FG= 1
Icable = = 97 Amp
From Elsewedy Catalogue: chose Cu/PVC/PVC (4 X 25) + 16 mm2

2
03 2
23 .
30 HP & No. =3
Irated =30 X1.5=45A IC.B = 45 x 1.25 = 56 Amp C.B = 63 Amp
= Icable Temp = 50c PVC D.FT= 0.82 D.FG.NO= 1
= Icable = 77 Amp
From El-sewedy Catalogue: chose Cu/PVC/PVC 4 X 16 + 16 mm2

20 HP & No. =2
Irated =20 X1.5=30A IC.B = 30 x 1.25 = 37.5 Amp C.B = 40 Amp
Icable = Temp = 50c PVC D.FT= 0.82 D.FG.NO= 1
Icable = = 50 Amp
From El-sewedy Catalogue: chose Cu/PVC/PVC 4 X 10 + 10 mm2

main cable and circuit breaker
I main circuit breaker =1.25 x I largest + D.F ( I rated except largest)
I main circuit breaker = 1.25 x 45 + (45+45+30+30)= 206A
C.B = 200 Amp
Icable = Temp = 50c PVC D.FT= 0.82
Single cable D.FG= 1
Icable = = 250 Amp
From Elsewedy Catalogue: chose Cu/PVC/PVC (3 X 120 + 70)+70 mm2

:- 3 100
2 300 .
100 HP & No. =3

Irated =100 X1.5=150A IC.B = 150 x 1.25 = 187.5 Amp C.B = 200 Amp
= Icable Temp = 50c PVC D.FT= 0.82 D.FG.NO= 1
= Icable = 250 Amp
From Elsewedy Catalogue: chose Cu/PVC/PVC (3 X 120 + 70)+70 mm2

300 HP & No. =2

Irated =300 X1.5=450A IC.B = 450 x 1.25 = 565 Amp C.B = 630 Amp
Icable = Temp = 50c XLPE D.FT= 0.9 D.FG.NO= 1
Icable = = 700 Amp
From Elsewedy Catalogue: chose Cu/XLPE /PVC 2 (3 X 150 + 70)+70 mm2

main cable and circuit breaker

I main circuit breaker = 1.25 x 450 + (450+3X150) = 1460A
C.B = 1600Amp Temp = 50c XLPE D.FT= 0.9
Single cable D.FG= 1 Icable = = 1780 Amp
From Elsewedy Catalogue: chose Cu/XLPE/PVC 4 (3 X 240 + 120)+120 mm2

Cable Routing
Cable trays pipes underground Cables
1) Cable Tray
Ch7: Cables routing 133 Power System Distribution


.
Standard of cable tray dimension.
Width (cm) Height (cm) thickness Cover
5 cm
10 cm
15 cm
20 cm
25 cm 5 cm 1.25 mm
30 cm 1.25 mm
7.5 cm 1.5 mm
35 cm
10 cm 2 mm
40 cm
50 cm
60 cm
70 cm
80 cm

Standard of cable tray horizontal bend 900 connection.
Width (W1) Width (W2) Height (cm) thickness Cover

5 cm 5 cm
10 cm 10 cm
15 cm 15 cm
20 cm 20 cm 5 cm
1.25 mm
25 cm 25 cm
1.25 mm
30 cm 30 cm 7.5 cm
1.5 mm
35 cm 35 cm
40 cm 40 cm 10 cm
2 mm
50 cm 50 cm
60 cm 60 cm
70 cm 70 cm
80 cm 80 cm

Standard of cable tray horizontal bend 450 connection.
Width (W1) Width (W2) Height (cm) thickness Cover

5 cm 5 cm
10 cm 10 cm
15 cm 15 cm
20 cm 20 cm 5 cm 1.25 mm
25 cm 25 cm
1.25 mm
30 cm 30 cm 7.5 cm 1.5 mm
35 cm 35 cm
40 cm 40 cm 10 cm 2 mm
50 cm 50 cm
60 cm 60 cm
70 cm 70 cm
80 cm 80 cm

Standard of cable tray horizontal Tee connection.
Width Width Width Height

thickness Cover
(W1) (W2) (W3) (cm)
5 cm 5 cm 5 cm
10 cm 10 cm 10 cm
15 cm 15 cm 15 cm
20 cm 20 cm 20 cm 5 cm 1.25 mm
25 cm 25 cm 25 cm
1.25 mm
30 cm 30 cm 30 cm 7.5 cm 1.5 mm
35 cm 35 cm 35 cm
40 cm 40 cm 40 cm 10 cm 2 mm
50 cm 50 cm 50 cm
60 cm 60 cm 60 cm
70 cm 70 cm 70 cm
80 cm 80 cm 80 cm

Standard of cable tray x connection.
Width Width Width Width Height

thickness Cover
(W1) (W2) (W3) (W4) (cm)
5 cm 5 cm 5 cm 5 cm
10 cm 10 cm 10 cm 10 cm
15 cm 15 cm 15 cm 15 cm
20 cm 20 cm 20 cm 20 cm 5 cm 1.25 mm
25 cm 25 cm 25 cm 25 cm
30 cm 30 cm 30 cm 30 cm 7.5 cm 1.5 mm 1.25
mm
35 cm 35 cm 35 cm 35 cm
40 cm 40 cm 40 cm 40 cm 10 cm 2 mm
50 cm 50 cm 50 cm 50 cm
60 cm 60 cm 60 cm 60 cm
70 cm 70 cm 70 cm 70 cm
80 cm 80 cm 80 cm 80 cm

Ladder tray
Ladder



.
-1 .
-2

.
-3
.
.
-4
.
-5
.
-6 .
-7
.

-8

.
-9
).(Grouping factor
1.5 -11
.
-11
31.
-12
Fire Barrier
-13
31.
-14
511
.

(( PIPES

)1 PVC

(UPVC) Unrecycled Poly Vinyl Chloride (2

PVC .
PVC .

(3

EMT - Electrical Metallic Tube (4


Cross section area of pipes

= %41
Where
d: Cable diameter. D: Pipe diameter.
-:
] [Secondary of current transformer
:
Pipes made from PVC.
Trays.
On ground.
Underground Cables
-:

1 81 41 111
.
-2 11 Compact
3
-4 21
-5 8 .

-6
-7 31 .

1 81 61 ( 21
)
-2 11 Compact
-3 41
-4


Design of Panel Board (Lighting +Sockets) and Wiring System
( ) :
).
( :
( )
% 80 CB
wire rating CB rating

( )( )power socket
( .. )
05
085
( )
( ) ()

( 085)
()
( )%05-%05
05
).

0.85 100WATT
1200VA
)VA(
16A , MCB 3X3mm2
1200VA
10A , MCB 3X2mm2
-------------------------------------------------
SOCKES
STANDARD(VOLT- DESIGN
TYPE C.B CABLE
AMP) LOAD
Single
16A 250V 250VA 16A 3X3mm2
socket
Double
16A 250V 500VA 16A 3X3mm2
sockets
UPS DEPEND
16A 250V 16A 3X3mm2
sockets ON LOAD
20 A 250V 20 A 3X4mm2
Power DEPEND
socket ON LOAD
32A 250V 32A 3X6mm2
column DEPEND
20 A 250V 20 A 3X4mm2
sockets ON LOAD
truncking DEPEND
20 A 250V 20 A 3X4mm2
socket ON LOAD
16A-
32-
16A-20A-
3ph DEPEND 63--
32-63-80- 4000V Calculate
sockets ON LOAD
100-125 100-
125

No of outlet per
TYPE DESIGN LOAD
circuit according EC
Single socket 250VA 6 to 8
Double sockets 500VA 3 to 4

ups
UPS sockets DEPEND ON LOAD

One outlet
Power socket DEPEND ON LOAD
One outlet
column sockets DEPEND ON LOAD One outlet
trucking socket DEPEND ON LOAD One outlet
3ph sockets DEPEND ON LOAD One outlet
. &
) 8 - 6(
2 1
. UPS - Socket

H.V.A.C
)(Heating Ventilation Air Condition
Types of Air Condition:-
(1)Central Air Condition type

(2)Direct expansion ( D.X ) type
(3) Split type.
(1) H.V.A.C:
)1 ( . (Central Air Condition type

MW 0.5
:
(1) Chiller (2) Water Pumps (3) A.H.U (4) F.C.U
) (Water chillers
) (Reciprocating ) (Screw ) (Centrifugal
) (Air handling units
) (Supply and return air fans ( )
(
) .
Ch9: Air Condition 154 Power System Distribution

(D.X) type )2
Chiller (
)
)3 )( Split Unit
D.X () .
:
) (1 Exhaust Fan
( ) .
) (2 Smoke Exhaust Fan
( - - )
) (3 Pressure Fan
)Hand Direr and Heater (4
)Cooling Tower (5
.
.


Central Air Condition type

(1) Chiller
( )Roof .
Normal Cold
Chiller
Water Water
:
-1 .
-2 .
-3
5 3 5/
/ / )(Soft starters
5.

KVA
(1) 1 Ton 1.5 HP (HP= KVA)
(2) 12000 BTU 1 Ton
( )
Chiller
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(2) Pump
Used with chiller to make supply and return to water from FCU and AHU to Chiller
No of pumps = no of chiller
Chiller Pump
Pump is closed to chiller
Pump motor (kW) ------------------
Chiller & Pump ) Kw(

.


(3) FCU (Fan Coil Unit)
Cold water come from chiller and then returns to chiller as hot water
(1) In Summer:
) Fan coil unit as Fan)

KW or HP
(1) In winter
Fan coil unit as heater and fan (Fan + Heater) [Fan <<< Heater (as a load)]

(4) Air handling unit (AHU)
FCU Heater & Fan FCU
In summer: [Fan] work only In winter: [Fan + Heater] work
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Load calculation
In summer:-
(1) Chiller (2) Pumps (3) Fans (F.C.U, A.H.U)
In winter:-
(1) Fans (F.C.U, A.H.U) (2) Heaters (FCU, AHU)


Summer load > Winter Load
So, we sizing the transformer on summer load and sizing main distribution board on
winter loads
Maximum load absorbed from transformer when

1. Chiller 2. Pump 3. Fan (summer load)
Maximum load absorbed from distribution board when
1. Fans 2. Heaters (winter load)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Example on project
:
1) Chiller
2) Air handling unit (AHU)
3) Fans coil (FCU)
4) Exhausted Fans (EF)
5) Water Pump
6) Sewerage Pump (SP)
7) Smoke Exhaust Fans (SEF)
(1) Basement Floor:
Load (K.w)
Quantity MCC
Fan Heater
A.H U-05 1 MCC-01 25 30
A.H U-06 1 MCC-02 25 30
(2) Ground Floor:
Load (K.w)
Quantity Cooling Load
Fan Heater
A.H U-01 1 MCC-03 25 30
F.C U-02 4 15 TR 0.25 2
F.C U-04 8 2.5 TR 0.25 3

F.C U-05 6 3 TR 0.25 3

E.F 05 1 - 4
E.F 02 1 - 4
E.F 01 1 - 4
(3) First Floor:
Load (K.w)
Fan Heater
A.H U-01 1 MCC-04 25 30
F.C U-02 14 1.5 TR 0.25 2
F.C U-04 5 2TR 0.25 2
E.F 01 1 - 4
E.F 02 1 - 4
E.F 03 1 - 4
E.F 04 3 - 4
(4) Second Floor:
Load (K.w)
Fan Heater
A.H U-03 1 MCC-05 25 30
F.C U-02 17 1.5 TR 0.25 2
F.C U-04 2 2 TR 0.25 2
E.F 01 6 - 4

E.F 02 1 - 4
E.F 03 1 - 4
E.F 04 3 - 4
(5) Roof:
Quantity Cooling Load Load (K.w)

MCC-06
Chiller 2 250
MCC-07
Pumps 3 MCC-08 30
SE FAN-01 1 MCC-09 30
SE FAN-02 1 MCC-10 30
SP ZF-01 1 MCC-11 10
SP ZF-02 1 MCC-12 10
Design the distribution board
(1) Basement Floor:
1) AHU-05& AHU-06 (Fan = 25 Kw, heater = 30 Kw) (MCC-01) (MCC-02)
ILoad = 1.5 * 61.25 = 92 A
IC.B = 1.25 * ILoad = 115 A C.B = 125 A

3X 70 + 35+35 Cu/ PVC/ PVC
To calculate the main C.B

I main circuit breaker =1.25 x 92 + 92 =207 C.B=200A
We select cable (3 X 120 + 70) + 70 Cu / PVC / PVC

(2) Ground Floor
(1) AHU-01 (Fan = 25 Kw& Heater = 30 Kw) (MCC-03)
C.B = 125 amp 3 * 70 + 35 +35 mm2 Cu / PVC / PVC
(2) FCU-02 Q= 4
Fan = 0.25 KW& Heater = 2 Kw
Irated = 4.5 * 2.3 = 10.25A
IC.B = 10.35 * 1.25 = 13 A C.B = 16 A 3 X 3 mm2 Cu / PVC / PVC
(3) FCU-04 Q= 8
ILoad= 4.5 X 3.3 = 14.85A
Irated= 4.5 X 3.3 = 14.85A

IC.B = 14.85X 1.25 = 19 A C.B =20 A MCB 3 X 4 mm2 Cu / PVC / PVC
(4) FCU-05 Q= 6
KVA = 3.3 KVA C.B =20 A MCB 3 X 4 mm2 Cu / PVC / PVC

(5) EXHAUS _ Fan 05,02,01(4 Kw)

ILoad= 4.5 * 5 = 22.5 A
C.B = 32 A Cable = 3 X 6 mm2 Cu / PVC / PVC
Main C.B:
I main circuit breaker =1.25 x 92 + (4*10.25+14*14.85+ 3*22.5)/3 =220

C.B = 250Amp (3 * 185 + 95) + 95 Cu / PVC/ PVC

3. First Floor
I main circuit breaker =1.25 x 93 + (14*10.4+5*14.85+ 6*22.5) =230
4-Second Floor

5-Roof
Chiller Q = 2 POWER = 250 KW (MCC-06) & (MCC-07)
ILoad= 312.5 * 1.5 = 468.75 Amp
IC.B = 468.75 * 1.25 = 585 Amp
C.B = 630 Amp Icable

Cable = 2 (3 * 120+70) + 70 mm2 Cu / XLPE / PVC
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Pump : Q=3 KW = 30 (MCC-08) 2 operate + 1 stands by
IL = 75 x 1.5 = 112.5 Amp
Ic.b = 112.5 * 1.25 = 140 Amp C.B = 160 A
3 X 95+ 50+ 50mm2 Cu / PVC / PVC

Summer Load
(1) Chiller (2) Pumps (3) Fans
Total Load = 2 * 250 + 30 * 3 + 25 * 5 + 0.25 * 56 + 4 * 16 + 2 * 30 = 853 KV
When we sizing the transformer must take KVA o AC at summer Load = 1066 KVA
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(2) Split Unit
Cosnist of :
(1) Fan
(2) Grill
(3) Compressor

Rating of split unit
power phase
1.5 HP 1Ph
2.25 HP 1Ph
3 HP 1Ph
4 HP 1Ph
5 HP 1Ph
6 HP 3Ph
7.5 HP 3Ph
9 HP 3Ph

Calculation of power
VA/m2
100
150
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
EX-1
100VA/m2
1- 30m 100 3HP
2- 18m 100 2.25HP
3- 24m 100 3 HP
4- 20m 100 2.25 HP
5- 25m 100 3HP
6- 15m 100 1.5HP


POWER CIRCUIT CIRCUIT CABLE

RATED CURRENT BREAKER BREAKER
CALCULATE
3HP 4 x 4.5 = 13.5A 18X2.5 = 33 32A,MCB 3X6mm2
2.25HP 2.25 x 4.5 = 10 A 10X2.5 = 25 25A,MCB 3X4mm2
3 HP 4 x 4.5 = 13.5A 18X2.5 = 33 32A,MCB 3X6mm2
2.25 HP 2.25 x 4.5 = 10 A 10X2.5 = 25 25A,MCB 3X4mm2
3HP 4 x 4.5 = 13.5A 18X2.5 = 33 32A,MCB 3X6mm2
1.5HP 1.5 x 4.5 = 6.7 A 6.7 X2.5 = 17 20A,MCB 3X4mm2

Lifts and Escalators

-1
-2
-3
-4
Ch10: Lifts and Escalators 176 Power System Distribution

-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
() 1:1 )(s ) (T .
() 1:1 (
) .
() 2:1 ( 2.5 (m/s 3.5
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11 2
m/s 2111.

( ) 175 ., 125./
( (variable speed ( (variable
voltage ((VVVF


: 6
4 3 32
kg
N0. Of person per 1m2 = 4 person

N0. Of person per 3m2 = 12 person
Average kg per person = 80 kg
Total kg = 12 x 80 = 960 kg
4
6 24
51
1.5/


m/s 1.5 069 .
1.5/ 1111
12 .
= 36=12*3
% 51

. 1.77 / %01
34.65 = 1.0 /1.77 * 36

./ ./

Bus Duct
Bus Duct
Bus Duct
.
Bus Duct
( )
.
Bus Duct

Taps
Plug-In Units Bus Duct .
(
Bus Duct Bus Duct
Reliability Continuous ))
Bus Duct )
) .
Specification of Bus duct
(1) Type of Bus duct according to :
)A) Forms (B.B. Type D) Feeding

B) Conductor E) Arranged
C) Loading )F) Accessories (Joints
Ch: 11 busbar trucking 182 Power System Distribution

(2) Voltage operation.
(3) Cross section area and weight.
(4) Short circuit current rating.
(5) Voltage Drop .
(6) IP (index protection) .
Types of Bus Duct.
A) According to forms
(1) Air type (2) Sandwich type (COMPACT TYPE)

B) According to conductor
1) Copper (CU) 2) Aluminum (AL)
3) Aluminum copper coated
C) According to loading

For Example:

For A/C Riser as example: Total KVA = 360 KVA
We must select C.B firstly
I = 360 * 1.5 * 1.25 = 675 Amp
C.B = 630 Amp M.C.C.B
Note: B.B Rating >= C. B rating
Because de-rating factor OF Bus Bar 1
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
D) According to Feeding
(1) Feeder Type
Bus bar used for fed one load only at the end of Bus Bar.
Irated = 2000 * 1.5 = 3000 Amp
C.B = 3200 Amp
Safety factor = 1
As oil type transformer
B.B rating = 3200 Amp

(2) Plug in type

Bus Bar used to feed several loads by putting plug in (Top Off)
may be. [Load Break switch (L.B.S), FUSE or Circuit breaker]

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
E) According to arranged
Half Neutral Full Neutral
(R + S + T + HN + E) (R + S + T + FN + E)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Acceesories
. 09 Elpow ) 1
. Tee ) 2

)3 Offset .
)4) 59 .
)5 Wall Flange .
)6 Cable Tap Box . Bus Duct


The accessories in the above figure are:

1) Flat Elbows
2) Edgewise Elbows
3) Corner Flat Elbows
4) 4 Corner Edgewise Elbows
5) Tees and Crosses
6) Transformer and Switchboard Flanges
7) Flexible joints
8) Spring Riser
9) Angle Hanger
10) End Closure

IP rating
IEC 529 IP RATING
IPXX BUSWAY TYPE
IP40 Indoor Plug-in and Feeder Busway
IP54 Sprinkler-Proof Plug-in Busway
IP55 Outdoor Feeder Busway
IP66 Severe Outdoor Feeder Busway

Ring Main Unit (RMU)
Used to connect each sub-stations, or connect transformers in building to

medium voltage system with a capacity of less than 5MVA
Ch12: R.M.U 193 Power System Distribution


Description symbol
Load break switch Q1
Earthing switch Q2
Load break switch with fuse Q3
Earth fault indictor EFI
hygrostat H1
heater H2
Voltage transformer T1
Current transformer T2
voltmeter P1
(Kwh+kvarh)meters P2
High Rupture Capacity Fuse F1
Voltmeter selector switch S1
Mechanical interlock X1
Mechanical interlock X2
)manual( [ Load break switch]

.
[Earthing Switches]
L.B.S interlock
close [ Earthing Switches]
.

High Rupture Capacity Fuse (HRCF)

Before transformer you must select a suitable (HRCF) which is used as a
protection for the transformer when short circuit occurs.

Mechanical interlock(X1)
High Rupture Capacity Fuse LBS
hygrostat (H1)
HEATER (H2)

Earth fault indictor

LOOP
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Types of Ring Main Unit
TYPE
(one 1 Cable connection + 1 Transformer feeder

AF
L.B.S) combined fuse-switch(400A)
2 Incoming/Outgoing switch 630A + 1

(2+1) IIF
Transformer feeder combined fuse-switch(400A)

(3+1) IIIF
Transformer feeder combined fuse-switch(400A)

(2+2) I F I F Transformer feeder combined fuse-switch(400A)



Eng. Abd Elmonem Shaban
Load estimation
1. Lighting Power
2. Power (Sockets)
3. HVAC
4. Others Lifts
Fire pump
Laundry
Medical equipment
Water pump ---------and so on.
1-According to NEC Cod
Small
Lighting A/C
place power(sockets) Notes
VA/m2 VA/m2
VA/m2
Banks 20 ; 40 30 50 : 70
Cafeteria 25 : 45 5 60 : 100
Computer center 15 : 25 15 120 : 200
Basement Stores 30 : 50 15 -
Mid Floor 25 : 45 10 50 : 70
Upper Floor 20 : 40 5 -
Ch :13 Load estimation 200 power system distribution

Garages 5 1.5 -
Hospital 20 : 30 10 50 - 70
Hotels 10 : 30 5 50 - 80
40 70 ()
Office 15 35 15 110 120
()
40 70 ()
Library 15 35 5 100 120
()
Restaurants 15 : 25 2.5 60 : 100
Schools 15 : 35 15 35 : 50

Theaters 20 : 30 10 700 : 1000

Shops 30 : 50 10 50 90

Industrial building 10 : 20 10 -

Ch :13 Load estimation 201 power system distribution

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DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMER
1- Construction of transformer
2- Classification of transformer
3- Sizing of transformer
4- Transformer protection
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Transformer Construction
Ch14: Transformer 212 Power System Distribution


1 Oil filter valve 11 Grounding terminal
2 Conservator tank 12 Coil
3 Buchholz relay 13 Coil pressure plate
4 Oil filter valve 14 Core
5 Pressure-relief vent 15 Terminal box for protective devices
6 High-voltage bushing 16 Rating name plate
7 Low-voltage bushing 17 Dial thermometer
8 Oil Tank 18 Radiator
9 Tap changer handle 19 Manhole
10 Oil drain valve 20 oil level inductor

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Classification of transformers
1) according to core type:


2) Classification of transformers according to turn ratio:
3) Classification of transformers according to their function:

1- Power transformer
2- Distribution transformer
3- Measuring transformers
voltage transformer
current transformer
4-Autotransformer- Tapped autotransformer

4) Classification of transformers according to type of supply

Single phase transformer
Three phase transformer
5) Classification of transformers according to cooling employed

a) self aircooled (dry type)
b) air-blastcooled (dry type)
c) oilimmersed, self cooled
d) oilimmersed, combination self cooled air-blast
e) oilimmersed, water cooled
f) oilimmersed, forced oil cooled
g) oilimmersed, combination self cooled and water cooled
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Types of Distribution transformers: -

There are two types of the distribution transformers
A) Oil type transformer.
Main construction of oil type transformer
1- Low voltage winding

2- high voltage winding
3- Low voltage terminal
4- high voltage terminal
5- core
6- Off-load Tap Changer
7- Earthling Terminal
8- Oil Level Indicator
9- Oil drain valve
10- Thermometer pocket
11- Buchholz Relay
12- Lifting Lugs
13- Air Dryer including
Silica Gel
14- Wheel

B) Dry type transformer.
1) Core
2) L.V terminal
3) Resilient spacer
4) H.V terminal
5) L.V coil (copper or aluminium)
6) H.V coil (copper or aluminium)
7) Tapping link
8) Delta connection rods
9) Earthing
10) Yoke clamping and wheelbase
11) Roller

The main difference between the two types are summarized in

the below table.
Oil type Dry type
Operate at normal operation at Operate at normal operation at 100%

80% of loading capacity of loading capacity
May be operate at over load up to
During over load operate at 100%
140%
Suitable location at indoor
Suitable location at outdoor
(Basement)
Low loses High losses
high Oil>dry
HIGH Maintenance No Maintenance is required
large Size Smaller Size
Low cost compared with dry type High cost compared with oil type

%08
.
FORCED COOLING % 048
.

INDOOR

OUTDOOR

%08 .FULL LOAD
2:3
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sizing of Transformer
?)How to select the suitable transformer (KVA

For example if you have the following loads for administration building:-
LOAD KVA
1 Lighting load 150 KVA
2 HVAC load 1600 KVA
3 Sockets Load 50 KVA
4 Lifts load 50 KVA
5 Ups load 45 KVA
6 Water pump 5 KVA
total connected load 1900 KVA

TOTAL DIVERSITY LOAD
T.C. L = 1900 KVA

Diversity factor
As all loads not operate all the time and not operate with full power at
all the time so we can't size the transformer on connected load, but
we size the transformer on the total demand load.
) (
0.8
0.9
0.9
0.6
0.7
We assume the diversity factor depend on the project.
In the project for example we selected D.F = 0.8
Total demand load = D.F * total connected load
Total demand load = 0.8 * 1900= 1520 KVA
For a transformer of oil type (Operate at normal operation at 80%

of loading capacity)

STANDARD OF TRANSFORMER
From standard of transformer (2MVA)

For a transformer of DRY type (Operate at normal operation a100%

of loading capacity)
So, select a transformer = 1.5 MVA

KVA A (Length)(mm) B (width)(mm) C (height )(mm)

500 1290 810 1495
630 1290 810 1710
800 1430 835 1775
1000 1500 1000 1875
1250 1500 1000 1975

1500 1680 970 2215
2000 1770 1095 2370

2500 1940 1140 2425
Transformer protection
High Rupture Capacity Fuse (HRCF)
Before transformer you must select a suitable (HRCF) which is used as a
protection for the transformer when short circuit occurs.
-:

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
This section is intended as a tutorial to help explain transformer impedance and
how its value is determined.
Transformer impedance is a ratio of the transformers normal full load current

to the current available under short circuit conditions.

Z%= (Impedance Voltage/Rated Voltage)*100
Transformer formula:
Single phase full load current: IFL = KVA x 4.5

Three phase full load current: IFL = KVA x 1.5
Short Circuit Current:

ISC = IFL/Z, where, Z = transformer impedance
An example will serve to illustrate:

Transformer data:
Capacity: 1000 KVA, three phase, At Z%= = 5%
Primary voltage: 11000V
Secondary voltage: 380V

IFL = 1000 x 1.5 = 1500A

Note that impedance is expressed in percent.
Now that impedance is known, short circuit
current, ISC, can be calculated.
ISC = IFL/Z = 1500/0.05 = 30kA.

Diesel generator
Standby diesel generator used to feed the very important loads in case the
Main supply is being cut off. Selecting the generators that can produce the
power required by a field unit is an important function. The tasks and factors
that govern the Diesel Generator selection Process is described in this
chapter. And we will discuss this through case study.
Ch15: generator 229 Power System Distribution

When choosing the diesel generator same factors need to be

considered, such a
1) load power factor

2) Altitude above sea level
3) the Ambient Temperature
4) Motors starting method

5) Variable frequency drive (VFD) motors

6) Uninterruptible power supply (UPS) loads
7) Medical imaging loads
8) Regenerative loads
9) battery charger loads
10) duty cycle
(1) Load power factor

Generator are designed for a worst power factor of 0.8 (lag). A lower power
factor demands a higher excitation and results in increased heating of the
field winding.

(2) Altitude above sea level
(3) The Ambient Temperature

(4) Motors starting method
The load comprises of one large motor, the diesel generator must be large
enough to cater for the high starting current involved. Induction motors
generally have a high starting current and low power factor during starting. To
determine the size of the generator set required to start a given induction
motor


(5) Variable frequency drive (VFD) motors
Variable frequency drives are non-linear loads, induce Harmonic currents

which causes distortion in generator output voltage and overheating
generator, therefore larger generator size is required to limit these effects.
for six-pulse VFD

A typical generator sizing factor is twice the running KW of the drive
For pulse width modulated(PWM) VFD, or include filters to limit

current distortion to less than 10%,
Generator sizing factor is 1.4 times running KW of the drive
(6) Uninterruptible power supply (UPS) loads
Effects of UPS on diesel generator
1) efficiency (power conversion losses)

2) Harmonic current produced which causes voltage waveform distortion
and overheating.
3) Battery charging current.
According to GENERIC generator sizing guide
a) passive and line interactive UPS:

Limit the total UPS loading to 15% - 20% of the generator capacity.

b) Double-conversion UPS:
Single phase models: limit the total UPS loading to 25% of the generator
capacity
Single phase Minuteman UPS models: limit the total UPS loading to 50%
of generator capacity
Three phase models with filters (current distortion < 10%):
Limit the UPS loading to 80% of the generator capacity
(7) Medical imaging loads (CAT scan, MRI, and X-ray equipment)
The generator set should be sized to limit the voltage dip to 10 percent
to protect image quality.
Selection of diesel generator for Medical imaging loads

Equipment (KVA) Generator (KVA)

1.5 3.8
1.7 4.3
5 12.5
6.3 15.8
12.5 31.3
25 62.5
37 93.8
45 112
62 156
75 187
77 192
108 270
(8) Regenerative loads (elevators, cranes and hoists)
Diesel generator has to be oversized to absorb power generated from

this loads during braking, failure to absorb this energy will lead to over
speeding and shut down of generator
To avoid problems it is best to follow a couple of simple rules:
1) The elevator load on the generator should be assumed to Be at least

twice the lift motor nameplate rating;
2) The elevator load should be less than 20% of the total load on the
generator;

(9) Battery charger loads
A battery charger is a non-linear load requiring an oversized alternator based

on the number of rectifiers (pulses) up to 2.5 times the steady-state running
load for three- pulse; to 1.15 times the steady-state running load for 12-pulse.
These loads are typically found in telecommunications systems.
(10) duty cycle
There are three duty classifications for generator set
A) standby:- used as a backup to utility power supply no overload capacity

B) Prime power:- generator is the primary source for variable Loads 10%
overload capacity is added for generator size
C) Continuous: generator is the primary source for constant Loads. 30%
overload capacity is added for generator size
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Steps of Diesel Generator sizing.
1- Calculate the correction factor of load power factor

2- Calculate the correction factor of Ambient temperature
3- Calculate the correction factor of Altitude above sea level
4- Calculate the correction factor of Variable frequency drive
5- Calculate the correction factor of ( U.P.S) loads

6- Calculate the correction factor of Medical imaging loads

7- Calculate the correction factor Regenerative loads
8- Calculate the correction factor battery charger loads
9- Calculate the total load power in (KVA) after correction factors
except largest motor.
10- Calculate the generator output power for the largest motor
depending on starting method.
11- Calculate total power of main generator which = [generator
output power for the largest motor] + [total power of loads
with correction] [largest motor power input].

DISTRIBUTOR
Ch: 16 Distributor 240 Power System Distribution

) (
) 1
)16 cells( -
16 Cells type consists of:-
10 cells for outgoing.
4 cells for incoming.
2 cells for bus coupler.

)14 cells( -
14 Cells type consists of:-
8 cells for outgoing.


Part of distributor
There are two Bus Bars each one contains 2 transformers incoming these
transformers may be with ratio of 66/11 or 66/22 KV.
The Bus Coupler is 2 out of 3 (2/3) and is used to connect two bus bars if
one of the incoming being out of service to insure power sustainability to
the loads.

Bus coupler needs two cells one for the C.B and the other one for adaption
.)(
Bus Coupler Cells (one for breaker and one for adaption)

-:
)1 -: 5.1 /2
)2 -: ( ) 4 ( ) Section
.
)3 -: ( ) Section ( 5 ) 4
.
)4 -:

.
)5 -:
( ) 382 222 ( ) 222.
)6 -:
.
:
)5 -:
D. O.C
O.C
D. E.F
E.F
O.V

)2 -:
O.C
E.F
)3 -:
O.C
E.F

. Loop 2 -1
5 MVA Loop -2
.( Ring Main Unit) loop -3
( Load Break Switch LBS) R.M.U -4
(Isolating Switch IS)
.IS LBS CB
C.B LBS IS
(Circuit Breaker) (Load Break Switch) (Isolating Switch)
Automatic Manual Manual
Contain Arc
Not contain Arc
chamber Contain Arc chamber
chamber
Operate on SC and Operate on load
Operate at no load
load
Used for protection Used for operation Used for maintenance

1 MVA )2
consists of:-
Outgoing cells (depend on project) may by 2 or 3 or 4 or -----cells.

(U.P.S)
Uninterruptible power supply
Specification
types of ups
power(KVA)
time(min)
output harmonic distortion
nominal output power factor
Ch: 17 U.P.S 249 Power System Distribution

Types of UPS
1) ON-LINE U.P.S
01
2) OFF-LINE U.P.S
01

3) ON LINE UPS WITN ISOLATING TRANSFORMER

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
How to selected UPS?
For example if you have the following loads:-
Computer load = 50 KVA
Operation Room load =100KVA
Total load of ups =160 KVA
So, Select UPS = 160 KVA

UPS
( :..)
()8.0
() 3 : 228/008 %51 228 %51
.
() 18 :/ . %6
() 0 : 228/008 %0 )static load( %5
%58 %588 .
() 18 :/ . %5
Sine wave output. :
Distortion harmonic
o 1% or better at normal linear load

o <3% at nonlinear load
( %521( -:)Over load capacity 58)
-: 08 -1

Feeding Systems
According to Cairo Electric Distribution Company (CEDC) there are four types
of feeding systems according to the load rating divided as follow:-

: .
1) 1st type Used for loads less than 200 KVA
so most usage 1st type to fed The Residential Areas.
2) 2nd type Used for 200 < loads < 1 MVA
3) 3rd type Used for 1 MVA < Loads < 5 NVA
4) 4th type Used for loads > 5 MVA
Ch: 18 Feeding System 253 Power System Distribution


()
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3rd Type
- Used if 1 MVA < load < 5MVA
0000

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1- Case No. 1
- In this type feeding system is from two different substation and there are
joint between them at medium voltage by using bus coupler (2/3)
- In this case each transformer operates at 50% of rating.
Operation of Bus coupler:
C.B-1 C.B-2 B.C
Normal operate 1 1 0
Source-1 0 1 1
Source-2 1 0 1

1- Case No. 2
If the project is considered a very important load make joint at low voltage and
M.V side. Circuit breaker used in MV from SF6 type or vacuum type and it's
rating 630 A.
In this case each transformer operates at 50% of rating at normal operation but
in case of one transformer out the other transformer operate at total load.

Function of Bus couple at low voltage
1. To avoid Parallel operation of two transformer

2. To avoid high short circuit level
In case of parallel operation the total impedance of the parallel
transformers will be So,
XIs.c Is.c will be doubled

If TR = 2 KVA Is.c = 50 KA but at parallel operation will be 100 KA
--------------------------------------------------------------------
4Th type
66 KV
.Loops
--------------------------------------------------------------------

0
(. )062 .. )IEC 439(
1222
( )Coupler .

022.. .
20 1222.. .
30 .

) (Coordination

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)19 .
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)00 112 (
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)Medium Voltage Cable(
M.V Cable is always selected to be 3 * 240 mm2 AL / XLPE / STA / PVC
Because any M.V Cable designs according to:
1. Current carry capacity
2. Short circuit level.
Example:
At 11 KV S.C MVA = 500 MVA
At 22 KV S.C MVA = 750 MVA
and

at t = 1 Sec.
So, select C.S.A = 240 mm


( / )
.
42 122
02 (. )4-0
12

02
( )1 .
15 21 ( )2
( )3
) . ( End Cap

8 :


Special case
If the total load very important & less than 1 MVA.


Power Factor Correction
Contents:-
1. Definition of power factor.
2. Purpose of power factor.
3. How to improve the power factor.
by using calculation
by using program
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1) power Factor Definition
) (power factor

- :
-: )) Apparent power((S

) (KVA 055
055
( .
.
.
-: )) active power( (P

.........................
Ch: 19 Power Factor Correction 286 Power System Distribution

) (W ) (KW
055 055
(( 5..0 = )055/)0*225
005 =
(( 5..0 = )005/)0*225 .
-: )(Q

)(VAR ) (KVAR
.

stator shaft air gap
.
core
.
)Mug Capacity = Apparent Power (KVA

)Foam = Reactive Power (KVAR
)Cola = Real Power (kW

Power factor = Cos
Power factor =
It is represent the amount of useful power consumed from the total

power at full load. .
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2) Purpose of power factor correction:-
Case No.1 (before compensation)
PS PLoad Motor
QS1 = QLoad
Any motor consume:-

PLoad = KW and Q Load = KVAR
So: motor have PF Load = Const. at full load

So, in this case:- QL = QS1 PFL = PFS
Case No.2 ( after compensation)
PS IS2 ILoad PLoad

Motor
QS2 QLoad
IC QC

At Supply At Load (Motor)

PS = P L PLoad & QLoad Const. (not changed after adding the capacitor)
QL = QS2 + QC PFL = Const.
From Case (1) and Case (2), PS = P Load, QL = QS1 = QS2 + QC.
So we can say that.

QS2 < QS1 S2 < S1 as P = Const.
P.F = S P .F
S = P + J Q = V I, V = Const, P = Const.
Q S I IS2< IS1 so: - Current decreased
So we should improve the power factor to:-

1) as I C . S . A of cable
2) as I V . D = I.R V. D
3) as I Plosses = I2 . R Plosses
4) as I Temp Heat

1- 0.9 P.F 0.92 (accepted).
2- 0.92 < P.F 0.95 (bonus).
3- 0.7 P.F < 0.9 (penalty).
4- P.F < 0.7 (cut off)

specification of capacitor bank

1- Qc (KVAR)
2- Fixed step
3- Variable step
4- No of steps
5- Capacitor voltage
6- Connection type
7- Type of controller
3) How to improve power factor .

By using calculation:-
QC = P (tan Old tan New)
Where: -
QC = Reactive power of capacitor (KVAR)
P = active power of Loads (KW)
Old = cos-1 (PFOld) New =.cos-1 (PFNew)
Note
We assume initial PF = 0.8 Lag and it will be improved to be (0.9 ~ 0.95)

Example
For project contains
1) A/c loads = 700 KW.
2) Lifts loads = 20 KW. Total power = 725 KW.
3) Water pump = 5 KW.
QC = P ( tan old tan new ) = 725 (tan cos-1 0.8 tan cos-1 0.95).
QC = 300 KVAR
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Another method to improve the PF from Schneider LV guide.
We get KWF = Kilowatt factor.
Where: KWF = (tan Old tan New)
as P.FNew = 0.95
P. FOld = 0.8
PL = 725 KW
QC = PL * KWF
From
QC = 725 * 0.42 Schneider
Table
QC = 300 KVAR


Design of capacitor Bank :-
Fixed value
Consist of:
Variable value
For Fixed value:
Fixed value used to feed the transformer at no load.
* depend on the Rating of transformer
If transformer rating S 2MVA, Fixed value = 50 KVAR.
If transformer rating S > 2MVA, Fixed value = 75 KVAR
For Variable value:

Depend on the loads variations nature
Type of steps:-
1) 12.5 KVAR.
2) 20 KVAR.
3) 25 KVAR.
4) 35 KVAR.
5) 50 KVAR.
Because the loads not constant but variable so the capacitor bank should
be variable because of it may causes over voltage.
As QC = If QC V.

Connection of capacitor bank

Is always 3 phases connection because
More economic than star connection as
To cancel the 3rd harmonic.
QY = Q
X = 3X
C = 3 C
C =
So Connection is more economic than connection.

084
)power factor regulator( controller

How to calculate C. B Rating
# I rating = I cap = 1.5 * KVA. QC = SC

# I cap = 1.5 * KVAR.
# I CB = Safety Factor * I cap
Where:-
Safety Factor is 10 % over load above the normal capacity.
30% they must be able to take surges due to any harmonics in the circuit.
So :-
I CB = 1.1 x 1.3 x 1.5 x KVAR.
I CB = 2 x KVAR.
Example
AS QC = 300 KVAR.
I CB = 600 KVAR.
CB = 630 A
Cable : 2 (3 x 185 + 95) + 95

CU \ XLPE \ PVC

Harmonics and power factor

harmonics PF Harmonics
. . % 03 Harmonic
= Xc =
f xc = xc
=I I




-:

Short circuit calculation
Purpose of short circuit calculation:-

[1] To select the Rated breaking capacity (Icu) KA of circuit breaker.
Ir: rated current of C.B (Amp)

Im: intendance short circuit current of C.B
Ic.u: max short circuit current or (Rated Breaking capacity) (KA)
Note:
Ir: depend on KVA of load

Icu: depend on the impedance of (Cables, Bus Bars and Transformers) Will be
discussed in details in in this chapter

[2] To select the suitable Busbar to withstand the maximum short circuit
level (KA).
Effect of short circuit current on busbar
Thermal effect mechanical effects

IS.C temperature rise IS.C force
Temp IS.C force IS.C2
What is the meaning of the short circuit current of busbar is 50KA.

This means that the busbar can withstand the temperature effect and
mechanical force effect from the short circuit current of 50KA
[3] To select the cables to withstand the maximum short circuit level(KA).
Cables are designed according to:
Current carry capacity or thermal rating.
Voltage drop.
Short circuit current level.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
How to calculate the short circuit current
1) By using manual calculation.
2) By using Schneider tables.
3) By using programs.
Ch20: Short Circuit 303 Power System Distribution

By using manual calculation.
-: ) IS.C(
. Rt -:
Rt=R1+R2+R3+------------(m ohm)
. Xt -:
Xt=X2+X2+X3+-------------(m ohm)
) 400/230V ( U0 -:
---------------------------------------------------------
How to calculate ( Xt and Rt)
Any electrical network contain
1- Upstream network
2- Transformer
3- Cables
4- Busbars

Upstream (medium voltage ) network
MVASC 11KV 500MVA
MVASC 22KV 750MVA
RUP = Z Cos 10-3 RUP = Z Sin 10-3
Where: - Cos = 0.15 & Sin = 0.98 &
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Transformers
Where: -
WC = Transformer copper losses (watt)
S= transformer apparent power (KVA)
USC (Z %) = short circuit of voltage of transformer in (%)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cables

For example:-
1- el-sewedy dry transformer aluminum winding

2- el-sewedy dry transformer copper winding


busbar

EXAMPLE-1
-:
) DB-4 & DB-3& DB-2 & DB-1 & MLVDB(

1) Upstream network
MVASC 11KV 500MVA
RUP = Z Cos 10-3 RUP = Z Sin 10-3
Where: - Cos = 0.15 & Sin = 0.98 &
=0.022
RUP = 0.022 X 0.15 X 10-3 XUP = 0.022 X 0.98 X 10-3
RUP = 3.3X10-6 m XUP =2.15X10-5 m
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2) Transformer (630KVA &losses= 7800 & z%=4.5 )
R2= 3.144 m
X2=10.95 m
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3) Busbar (1000A ,CU,[W=41.1mm& d=6.4mm)
m X=0.15 L= 0.15 * 10 =1.5 m
R3= 0.85 m X=1.5 m

Short circuit level at MLVDB
RT=R1+R2+R3 RT = 3.3X10-6+ 3.144 + 0.85 =4 m
XT=X1+X2+X3 XT=2.15X10-5 +10.95 +1.5 = 12.45 m
ISC=

%10 safety factor

20 KA ) MLVDB(
----------------------------------------------------------
Short circuit level at DB-1

For cable (4x35+16mm2) and L=10m
6.4m X4=0.08 L= 0.08 * 10 =0.8 m
RT=R1+R2+R3 + R4 RT = 3.3X10-6+ 3.144 + 0.85+6.4 =10.4 m
XT=X1+X2+X3+ X4 XT=2.15X10-5 +10.95 +1.5+0.8 = 13.25 m
ISC=

) BD-1( %10 safety factor
Short circuit level at DB-1=15KA


For cable (3x120+70+70mm2) and L=15m
2.8m X5=0.08 L= 0.08 * 15 =1.2 m
RT=R1+R2+R3 +R5 RT = 3.3X10-6+ 3.144 + 0.85+2.8 =6.8 m
XT=X1+X2+X3 +X5 XT=2.15X10-5 +10.95 +1.5+1.2 = 13.65 m
ISC=

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2.43m X4=0.08 L= 0.08 * 20 =1.6 m
RT=R1+R2+R3 +R6 RT = 3.3X10-6+ 3.144 + 0.85+2.43 =6.424 m
XT=X1+X2+X3 +X6 XT=2.15X10-5 +10.95 +1.5+1.6 = 14.05 m
ISC=



2.8m X4=0.08 L= 0.08 * 30 =2.4 m
RT=R1+R2+R3 +R7 RT = 3.3X10-6+ 3.144 + 0.85+2.8 =6.8 m
XT=X1+X2+X3 +X7 XT=2.15X10-5 +10.95 +1.5+2.4 = 14.85 m
ISC=


----------------------------------------------------------

(upstream network( R X -1
(Busbar( R X -2
(Circuit breaker( R X -3
----------------------------------------------------------
Standard of panel board short circuit level
MCB (4.5KA & 6 KA &10 KA &15 KA)
MCCB (10KA & 18 KA &25 KA &30 KA&36 KA &50 KA &70 KA&85KA &100KA)
A.CB (36 KA &50 KA &70 KA&85KA &100KA &130KA &150KA)

By using Schneider tables.




S.L.D
:-
.)MLVDB) -1
R& X 500KVA Z%=4 %
.)800A(
Ir = =1.5 x 500=750A
Isc= =
= =25 Ir
Isc=25 X 750 = 18.75KA after safety factor Isc=21KA
S.C. level at MLVDB = 25 KA
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For MDB-1( CABLE 3X70+35+35)(L=15)(OLD S.C = 21KA)
The new short circuit level=17KA (S.C Standard for MDB-1 18KA)
. OLD
For LP-G1( CABLE 3X35+16+16)(L=20)(OLD S.C = 18KA)

The new short circuit level=10KA (S.C Standard for LP-G1 10KA)
For LP-M1( CABLE 4X4+4)(L=10)(OLD S.C = 18KA)

The new short circuit level=7.5KA (S.C Standard for LP-M1 10KA)
For LP-M2( CABLE 4X4+4)(L=15)(OLD S.C = 18KA)

The new short circuit level=7.5KA (S.C Standard for LP-M2 10KA)
For LP-O1( CABLE 4X6+6)(L=10)(OLD S.C = 18KA)

The new short circuit level=7.5KA (S.C Standard for LP-O1 10KA)


For LP-G2( CABLE 4X35+16)(L=5)(OLD S.C = 25KA)

The new short circuit level=20KA (S.C Standard for LP-G2 25KA)
For LP-P( CABLE 4X10+10)(L=20)(OLD S.C = 25KA)

The new short circuit level=8.5KA (S.C Standard for LP-P 10KA)
For DB-M [ CABLE 2(3X185+95)+95] (L=30)(OLD S.C = 25KA)

The new short circuit level=21KA (S.C Standard for DB-M 25KA)

Voltage Drop calculation:-
V.D = (mv / amp / m) x 10-3 x Iactual x L
Where:
Iactual:- load rated current.
L:- Cable length.
(mv / amp / m):- Factor get from cable catalogue.
Note:-
Accepted voltage drop is V.D 5%
V.D % = (V.D / 380) x 100
Ch21: voltage drop calculation 321 Power System Distribution



Example: - Calculate the voltage drop of two motor 50hp and

100hp

For motor 1:- POWER = 50 HP
Irated = 50 x 1.5 = 75 A. IC.B = 75 x 1.25 = 94 A. C.B = 100 A
Icable = = 125 A. 3x35 + 35+35 mm2 Cu/PVC/PVC

.
For motor 2:- p = 100 HP
Irated = 100 x 1.5 = 150 A. IC.B = 150 x 1.25 = 187.5 A C.B = 200 A
Icable = = 250 A. 3x120 +70 +70 mm2Cu/PVC/PVC

.
For DB:-
Total KVA = 100 + 50 = 150 KVA
Irated = 150 x 1.5 = 225 A. C.B = 250 A
Icable = = 312.5 A. 3x185 + 95+ 95 mm2 Cu/PVC/PVC

.
Voltage Drop calculation:-
( From 1 ---- to ---- 2 )
L = 30 m; Iactual = 225 A; C.S.A = 185 mm2
V.D = 0.244 x 10-3 x 225 x 30 = 1.647 Volt
V.D % = (1.647/380) x 100 = 0.433 %

(From 2 ---- to ---- 3)
L = 100 m ; Iactual = 75 A ; C.S.A = 35 mm2
V.D = 0.959 x 10-3 x 75 x 100 = 7.2 Volt
V.D % = (7.2/380) x 100 = 1.9 %
From 1 to 3 Total V.D = 1.647+ 7.2 = 8.9V
V.D % = (8.9/380) x 100 = 2.34 % --------------- {Accepted}
( From 2 ---- to ---- 4 )
L = 300 m ;Iactual = 150 A ; C.S.A = 120 mm2
V.D = 0.341 x 10-3 x 150 x 300 = 15 Volt
V.D % = (15/380) x 100 = 4 %
From 1 to 4 -------- Total V.D = 15 + 1.647= 16.647
V.D% = (16.647/380)X100 =4.4% {Accepted}
If total V.D % > 5 % ( not accepted ) we have to solve this problem.
As V.D = (mv / amp / m) x 10-3 x Iactual x L, so if the (mv / A / m)

reduced the V.D will be reduced as well. So, we select the next higher
C.S.A cable.
C.S.A R (mv / A / m) V.D V.D%

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
short circuit calculation for cables:-
For copper conductor: A = 9.1 IS.C mm2

For aluminum conductor: A = 14.2 IS.C mm2
Where:
A: Cable cross sectional area.
t: Operation time of C.B ( worst case = 1 Sec. for M.V C.B ).
Is.c: short circuit current (KA)
V.D
. & X

Street lighting
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-: -:
66
Ch:22 street Lighting 328 Power System Distribution

-:
54 -
02 -

Staggered, or zigzag arrangement ))

This type of arrangement in which the luminaries are located on both sides
of the road in a staggered, or zigzag, arrangement is used mainly when the
width of the road is between 1 to 1.5 times the mounting heights of the
luminaries.

opposite arrangement
This type of arrangement, with the luminaries located on both sides of the
road opposite to one another, is used mainly when the width of the road is
greater than 1.5 times the mounting height of the luminaries.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
32 16 -

32 -
.

This recommendation is according to EGY LUX Catalogues

:
)1
6 )66

06 .
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
)2
6 )55
.
116

)3
6 )06
.
116
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

=D
Where:-
Lumen- flux per lamp U.F= utilization factor

M.F=maintenance factor )D=distance between towers in ( m
)E=LUX (LIGHTING LEVEL )W=street width in )m

36 A
26 B

15 C

15 D

16 E


For example
For high way street with 1000m length and 20 m width. Calculate
the distance between two towers.
from the table as high way street lux=30
we select high pressure sodium with 250 watt
From catalogue 250 watts----------------33200 lumen
As the selected luminaire has 33200 lumen so according to above
table select the height of tower about 10 m
Width /height =w/h= 2 from curve get U.F 0.42
height / Width = h / w = 0.5 so according to above table select the
the type of arrangement is Staggered, or zigzag arrangement
D= D= =14
No of poles = 1000/14=72pole

Street lighting by using dialux program










Application guide for nontelevised
and recreational sports
Lighting Design and

Application Centre
[Content
Introduction 3
Lighting terms for the understanding of sports lighting 4
Lighting requirements 6
Selection of floodlights 7
Multipurpose sports halls 8
Outdoor Basketball 16
Outdoor Tennis 20
Football 32
Hockey 36
Cricket 40
Contacts Back cover
Application guide for non-televised and recreational sports

content
[Introduction
Public interest in sport is booming. More and more people are both playing and watching
sports, at all levels, for fun, for health and to win medals. Sport is giving pleasure to a
growing number of people, and the possibilities are greatly enhanced by effective light-
ing. As a result, a lot of people also play sport after work.
Clubs that take part in local and regional and drivers using nearby roads, are not ad- How is the guide structured ?
competitions aim to win, and therefore versely affected by the lighting installation. For every sport there is :
want the best from their lighting installa- - Introduction and summary, followed by
Indeed, there is a growing awareness of
tion. High-quality lighting is also required - Lighting design for each class of play.
the effects of obtrusive light (also called
for the recreational and practice pitches,
light pollution) and how it should be con-
which is where the players work hard to
trolled in order to balance the needs of
raise their performance level and where
both the users of the sports facilities and
the stars of tomorrow are born.
the people living in the surrounding area.
First and foremost, lighting serves to en-
Whatever the sport, whatever the level of
sure that form, colour, distance and move-
competition, whatever the venue, you can
ment can be judged easily by both contest-
rely on Philips impressive range of sports
ants and spectators. Adequate lighting
lighting solutions to provide the answer to
levels, good uniformity and freedom from
all your needs.
glare are all significant factors here.
This guide includes various examples of

Beside this, lighting also contributes sub-
lighting designs for recreational sports.
stantially to the comfort and wellbeing
of players and spectators alike. In this There is more than one way to light a
respect, good colour rendering and a pitch, so this guide gives an overview of
pleasant colour impression are two of the the standard schemes for recreational
most valuable assets of a sports lighting sports. This can serve as a basis to enable
installation. you to proceed with your sports lighting
project.
However, when new lighting installations
(especially outdoor installations) are
planned, special care must be taken to
ensure that people who are not involved
in the sports activities, e.g. local residents

content
[Lighting terms for the
understanding of sports lighting
Illuminance Uniformity
The lighting level or the quantity of light that Variations in light and shade are a nuisance
falls on a surface is naturally a fundamental to both players and spectators. The uniform-
parameter. This is called illuminance and is ity of the illuminance, particularly in the
measured in lux or lumens per square metre. horizontal plane, therefore requires careful
For recreational sport it is the horizontal il- attention. Uniformity is expressed as a ratio:
luminance that needs to be calculated. If there either the lowest to the highest illuminance,
is TV coverage then vertical illuminance and/ or the lowest to the average illuminance.
or illuminance in the direction of the camera
should be considered, but this falls outside Lighting uniformity
the scope of this guide (consult the GAISF Poor uniform appearance
Guide to the artificial lighting of indoor and
outdoor sports venues).
Luminous efficacy
The quantity of light generated per watt or
the luminous efficacy is highly significant
from the point of view of economy.
It is measured in lumens per watt.
In Philips sports floodlighting systems
the luminous efficacy is between
80 and 110 lm/W.
Colour rendering
The true colour of an object is rendered by
full daylight. The colour rendering of a lamp,
Good uniform appearance
expressed as an Ra index, measures how
closely the colour of an object illuminated
by the lamp approaches the true colour.
Very good colour rendering is obtained
with metal halide (MHN) and high-pressure
iodine (HPI) lamps.

content
Measurement Grid Glare Obtrusive light
This is a notional subdivision of the playing Glare is the sensation produced by In urban areas artificial lighting should
area into rectangles arranged in rows and luminance within the visual field that is meet everybodys needs in terms of pleas-
columns. The size of the grid depends on considerably greater than the luminance ure, safety and productivity. However, for
the playing surface size. to which the eyes are accustomed and players, pedestrians and residents to be
therefore causes visual discomfort. able to go about their business without
For outdoor applications it is expressed as disturbing each other, floodlighting must
Colour temperature
a Glare Rating (GR) in the range 0-100. be specially designed to ensure everyones
Lamp light creates different colour impres-
For indoor applications there are currently rights and needs are respected.
sions, ranging from the cool of mercury to
no specific recommendations (see GAISF Good artificial lighting should prevent
the warm of high-pressure sodium. This is
guide for further information). uncontrolled stray light and light spillage
the colour appearance, expressed as the
Accurate measurement of glare is a con- beyond the boundaries of the sports field
correlated colour temperature (Tk) of the
troversial issue and, although there are so that it does not affect the people who
lamp. Colour temperatures range from a
official methods for calculating glare for live in the vicinity.
minimum of 2000 Kelvin (K) for recrea-
outdoor sports, it is recommended that a
tional and training purposes to a recom-
common-sense approach is taken to the
mended 4000 K for competition. Colour
positioning of luminaires.
TV demands a substantially higher colour
temperature of 5500 K. The same colour
temperature should be applied throughout Luminous flux
the sports lighting installation. Floodlighting requires lamps that generate
large quantities of light. The actual quan-
tity of light is known as the luminous flux
and is measured in lumens.
Obtrusive light.
Luminaire Upward light creates Skyglow (light reflected

by particles suspended in the atmosphere)
Residence
Spill Useful light

Spill light to local community
light
Area being illuminated

content
[Lighting
requirements
Recommendations and regula- In general, five levels of sporting activity Class II: mid-level competition, e.g. region-
tions for high-quality sports are recognised: international and national, al or local club matches, which generally
lighting have been laid down in regional, local, training and recreational. involve medium-size spectator capacities
the European standard for sports These levels do not all require the same with medium viewing distances. High-level
lighting, EN 12193. This standard quality of lighting. training may also be included in this class.
is often used as a basis outside
Europe as well. It sets out the To cover all five activity levels easily, three Class III: Low-level competition, e.g. local
minimum lighting requirements lighting classes are defined: or small matches, which do not usually
for individual sports and defines involve spectators. General training and
other lighting factors such as col- Class I : top-level competition, e.g. national recreation also come into this class.
our rendering, glare limitation and and international matches, which generally
the reference areas used to define involve large spectator capacities with po-
standard requirements. All data tentially long viewing distances. Top-level
in this guide has been taken from training may also be included in this class.
this European standard and from
the GAISF Guide to the artificial
lighting of indoor and outdoor
sport venues.
Class
Level of competition
III II I
International/National
Regional
Local
Training
Recreational
The specialised guides for the following sports associations should also be consulted: FIBA (basketball), ITF (tennis), FIFA (football) and FIH (hockey) and
IAAF (athletics).

content
[Selection
of floodlights
A selection of Philips luminaires Asymmetrical luminaires are often used
for standard schemes is shown in recreational sports in order to prevent
here. obtrusive light and glare.
The different projectors used in this

application guide for recreational sports
lighting are shown here. Lamps with good
colour rendering have been included, but
for very low-budget projects sodium lamps
can be used as an alternative, although
they only offer a low performance in
terms of colour rendering.
OptiFlood (MVP506) with HPIT lamp Optivision (MVP507) with MHN lamp SuperOmni (TCH, FCH) with TL5
and PL lamp

content
[Multipurpose sports halls
As different sports will be carried out under the same
lighting conditions it is important that the layout is
geared to suit the event that has the highest priority,
provided the other sports are catered for adequately.
Careful aiming and shielding can help to reduce the glare
for players.
Sports halls should, in general, have light-coloured walls and ceilings

Two lighting solutions are shown for multipurpose sports halls.
and the floors should not be too dark.
If the hall has a height of more than 8 or 10 metres, metal-halide will
In addition to light distribution and efficiency, the physical robustness
offer the most efficient solution. Fluorescent is more suitable for use
of the luminaires has to be considered. Balls or other flying objects
at lower levels.
must not damage the luminaires.
[ Low-wattage metal-halide lamps
Summary
Activity Class Class III Class II Class I
Philips Optiflood Philips Optiflood Philips Optiflood
Type of luminaires MVP506 A/59 MVP506 A/59 MVP506 A/59
1xHPITP250W SGR/640 1xHPITP400W SGR/640 1xHPITP400W SGR/640
Quantity of luminaires 14 26 34
Illuminance (lux) 204 >200* 570 >500* 758 >750*
Uniformity (Emin /E ave) 0.52 >0.5* 0.76 >0.7* 0.72 >0.7*
Colour rendering 65 >20* 65 >60* 65 >60*
Total power (kW) 5 12 16
all calculations include maintenance factor of 0.8 - *CEN recommendations

content
[Sports hall
40x20m. ClassIII>200lux
Characteristics
Philips Optiflood MVP506 A/59
Type of luminaires
1xHPITP250W SGR/640
Quantity of luminaires 14
Illuminance (lux) 204
Uniformity (Emin /E ave) 0.52
Colour rendering 65
Total power (kW) 5
6m 6m 6m
A A A A A A A
20 m
A A A A A A A
7m
Z
150 250
200
-10
A A A A A A A
-5
Surface illuminance
(in lux) at z=0
of a Class III
X(m)
0
sports hall
5
10
A A A A A A A
-25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25

Y(m)

content
[Sports hall
40x20m. ClassII>500lux
Characteristics
Philips Optiflood
Type of luminaires MVP506 A/59
1xHPITP400W SGR/640
Colour rendering 65
Total power (kW) 12
1m 3m 4m 4m 4m 4m
B B B B B B B B B B B B B
20 m
7m
Z
450 550 650
500 600 700

-10
-5
Surface illuminance
(in lux) at z=0
of a Class II
X(m)
0
sports hall
5
10
-25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25

Y(m)
10 Application guide for non-televised and recreational sports

content
[Sports hall
40x20m. ClassI>750 lux
Characteristics
Philips Optiflood
Type of luminaires MVP506 A/59
1xHPITP400W SGR/640
Colour rendering 65
Total power (kW) 16
1m 2m 2m 3m 3m 3m 3m 3m
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
20 m
7m
Z
600 800
700 900
-10
-5
Surface illuminance
(in lux) at z=0
of a Class I
X(m)
0
sports hall
5
10
-25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25

Y(m)
Application guide for non-televised and recreational sports 11

content
[Multipurpose sports halls
[ Tubular fluorescent lamps
Summary
Philips SuperOmni
TCH481/349 M2-A Philips SuperOmni Philips SuperOmni
Type of luminaires 3xTL5-49W/830 TCH481/380 M2 FCH481/480 M2
TCH481/349 M2 3xTL5-80W/830 4xPL-L80W/830
3xTL5-49W/830
Illuminance (lux) 206 >200* 511 >500* 770 >750*

content
[Sports hall
40x20 m. ClassIII>200lux
Characteristics
Philips SuperOmni
TCH481/349 M2-A
Type of luminaires 3xTL5-49W/830
TCH481/349 M2
3xTL5-49W/830
Colour rendering 80
Total power (kW) 6
21m
A A A A A A A A A A A A
10m
B B B B B B B B B B B B
10m
3.8m
7m Z
Y
X
160 200
180 220
-10
-5
Surface illuminance
(in lux) at z=0
of a Class III
X(m)
B B B B B B B B B B B B
0
sports hall
5
10
-25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25

Y(m)

content
[Sports hall
Characteristics
Philips SuperOmni
Type of luminaires TCH481/380 M2
3xTL5-80W/830
Colour rendering 80
Total power (kW) 17
21m
10m C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
10m
2m
Z
7m
Y
X
400 500
450 550
-10
-5
Surface illuminance
(in lux) at z=0
of a Class II
X(m)
0
sports hall
5
10
-25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25

Y(m)

content
[Sports hall
Characteristics
Philips SuperOmni
Type of luminaires FCH481/480 M2
4xPL-L80W/830
Colour rendering 80
Total power (kW) 29
21m
7m
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
8m
7m
2m
Z
7m
Y
X
550 650 750 850
600 700 800
-10
-5
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E Surface illuminance
(in lux) at z=0
of a Class I
X(m)
0
sports hall
5
10
-30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Y(m)

content
[Outdoor Basketball
Players must be able to follow the movement of the ball
and the other competitors. Most basketball courts are
marked out on a multipurpose playing surface, which may
also be marked out for other playing facilities. The gen-
eral level of illumination must enable players to see the
court markings at a glance.
An acceptable lighting installation can be provided by luminaires

mounted on poles 7 metres above ground level and spaced in such
a way as to conform to the uniformity requirements.
Summary
Illuminance (lux) 139 >75* 241 >200* 586 >500*
Glare rating 30 <55* 31 <50* 33 <50*

content
[Basketball
Characteristics
Type of luminaires
1xHPITP400W SGR/640
Colour rendering 65
Glare rating 30
Total power (kW) 2
F F
F F
8m
9.5 m
Z
Y
8m
X
12
10
F F
6 160
2
140
Y(m)
-2 Surface illuminance
120 (in lux) at z=0

-4
of a Class III
-6 basketball court
-8 100
F F
-10
-12
-14
-16 -14 -12 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

X(m)

content
[Basketball
Characteristics
Type of luminaires
1xHPITP400W SGR/640
Colour rendering 65
Glare rating 31
Total power (kW) 4
F F F F
F F F F
8m
10.5 m
Z
Y 8m
X
12
F F F F
10
8
275
6
4
250
2
Y(m)
0
225
Surface illuminance
-2
(in lux) at z=0

-4
of a Class II 200
basketball court
-6
-8
175
-10
F F F F
-12
-14
-16 -14 -12 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

X(m)

content
[Basketball
Characteristics
Type of luminaires
1xHPITP400W SGR/640
Colour rendering 65
Glare rating 33
Total power (kW) 10
F F F F F F F F F F
F F F F F F F F F F
8m 10.5 m
Z
Y
8m
X
12
F F F F F F F F F F
10
8
650
6
4
600
2
Y(m)
0
550
Surface illuminance
-2
(in lux) at z=0

-4
500 of a Class I
basketball court
-6
-8
450
-10
F F F F F F F F F F
-12
-14
-16 -14 -12 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

X(m)

content
[Outdoor Tennis
Lighting should provide uniform illumination over the
playing area for players and spectators. This includes the
court lines and the ball, which must also be clearly vis-
ible. In addition to adequate illumination over the court,
there should also be sufficient light above the players
head height. This will ensure that a high ball can be seen.
As players are within the illuminated areas and need to look in vir-
tually all directions, a limited amount of disability glare may have to
be accepted if the ball is to be illuminated when in flight.
The preferred system is to use luminaires mounted parallel to the

sidelines and outside the court area. The illumination is thus directed
inwards onto the playing area. Luminaires may have to be fitted with
louvers to control glare. A compromise has to be reached between Multiple adjacent courts can be lit without masts/poles in between
the mounting height and the acceptable glare for the competitors the courts provided there is adequate separation between the
and spectators. courts (minimum of 3 m).
[ Single court
Summary
Illuminance (lux) 203 >200* 307 >300* 542 >500*
Glare rating 32 <50* 32 <50* 32 <50*

content
[Tennis, single court
Characteristics
Type of luminaires
1xHPITP400W SGR/640
Colour rendering 65
Glare rating 32
Total power (kW) 4
8m 9m
12 m
Z
150 200 250
175 225 275
E E E E
-8
-6
-4
Surface illuminance
-2
(in lux) at z=0

of a Class III
X(m)
0
single tennis court

2
4
6
8
E E E E
-20 -18 -16 -14 -12 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Y(m)

content
Characteristics
Type of luminaires
1xHPITP400W SGR/640
Colour rendering 65
Glare rating 32
Total power (kW) 6
8m 9m
12 m
Z
225 275 325
250 300 350
E E E E E E
-8
-6
-4
Surface illuminance
-2
(in lux) at z=0

of a Class II
X(m)
0
single tennis court

2
4
6
8
E E E E E E
-20 -18 -16 -14 -12 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Y(m)

content
18x36m. ClassI>500lux
Characteristics
Type of luminaires
1xHPITP400W SGR/640
Colour rendering 65
Glare rating 32
Total power (kW) 10
9m
8m
12 m
400 500 600
450 550 650
E E E E E E
-8
-6
-4
Surface illuminance
-2
(in lux) at z=0

of a Class I
X(m)
0
single tennis court

2
4
6
8
E E E E E E
-20 -18 -16 -14 -12 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Y(m)

content
[Outdoor Tennis
[ Twin court
Summary
Philips Optivision Philips Optivision Philips Optivision
Type of luminaires MVP507 WB MVP507 WB MVP507 WB
1xMHNLA1000W/842 1xMHNLA1000W/842 1xMHNLA1000W/842
Illuminance (lux) 215 >200* 338 >300* 541 >500*
Glare rating 38 <55* 39 <50* 36 <50*

content
[Tennis, twin court
36,5x36m. ClassIII>200lux
Characteristics
Philips Optivision MVP507 WB
Type of luminaires
1xMHNLA1000W /842
Colour rendering 85
Glare rating 38
Total power (kW) 9
II II
10 m
I I
I I
18 m
Z
Y
19.5 m
X
25
20
15
275
10
250
5
Y(m)
0
225
Surface illuminance
-5
(in lux) at z=0

200 of a Class III
-10
twin tennis court

-15
175
-20
-25
-40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20

X(m)

content
[Tennis, twin court
36,5x36m. ClassII>300lux
Characteristics
Type of luminaires
1xMHNLA1000W /842
Colour rendering 85
Glare rating 39
Total power (kW) 13
III III
10 m
I I
I I
I I
18 m
Z
Y
19 m
X
25
20
15
400
10
375
5
350
Y(m)
0
Surface illuminance
325
-5
(in lux) at z=0

of a Class II
-10
twin tennis court 300

-15
275
-20
-25
-40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20

X(m)

content
[Tennis, twin court
36,5x36m. ClassI>500lux
Characteristics
Type of luminaires
1xMHNLA1000W /842
Colour rendering 85
Glare rating 36
Total power (kW) 22
DD DD
DD DD
10 m
DD DD
D D
DD DD
D D
18 m
Z
Y
20 m
X
25
20
15
600
10
550
5
Y(m)
0
500
Surface illuminance
-5
(in lux) at z=0

450
of a Class I
-10
-15
400
-20
-25
-40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20

X(m)

content
[Outdoor Tennis
[ Triple court
Summary
Philips Optivision
MVP507 NB Philips Optivision Philips Optivision
Type of luminaires 1xMHNLA2000W/842 (x4) MVP507 NB MVP507 NB
MVP507 WB/60 1xMHNLA2000W/842 1xMHNLA2000W/842
1xHPIT1000W/220V/643(x4)
Illuminance at centre of court (lux) 248 >200* 353 >300* 545 >500*
Uniformity at centre of court (Emin /E ave) 0.74 >0.6* 0.86 >0.7* 0.71 >0.7*
Illuminance surrounding courts (lux) 215 >200* 310 >300* 508 >500*
Uniformity surrounding courts (Emin /E ave) 0.70 >0.6* 0.72 >0.7* 0.71 >0.7*
Glare rating 38 <55* 28 <50* 33 <50*

content
[Tennis, triple court
Characteristics
Philips Optivision MVP507 NB
1xMHNLA2000W/842(x4)
Type of luminaires
MVP507 WB/60
1xHPIT1000W/220V/643(x4)
Illuminance at centre of court (lux) 248
Uniformity at centre of court (Emin /E ave) 0.74
Illuminance surrounding courts (lux) 215
Uniformity surrounding courts (Emin /E ave) 0.70
Colour rendering 70
Glare rating 38
Total power (kW) 13
EA AE
16 m
AE EA
17.5 m
Z
Y 28 m
25
X
20
A A
E E
15
250
10
225
5
Y(m)
0
200
Surface illuminance
-5
(in lux) at z=0

175 of a Class III
-10
triple tennis court

-15
E E
A A 150
-20
-25
-30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30

X(m)

content
Characteristics
Type of luminaires
1xMHNLA2000W/842
Colour rendering 85
Glare rating 28
Total power (kW) 17
AA AA
16 m
AA AA
17.5 m
Z
Y 28 m
X
25
20
A A
A A
15
400
10
5
350
Y(m)
0
Surface illuminance
-5
(in lux) at z=0 300

of a Class II
-10
triple tennis court

-15
250
A A
A A
-20
-25
-30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30

X(m)

content
Characteristics
Type of luminaires
1xMHNLA2000W /842
Colour rendering 85
Glare rating 33
Total power (kW) 25
AAA AAA
16 m
A A
AA AA
17.5 m
Z
Y 28 m
X
25
20
A A
A A
A A
15
700
10
5
600
Y(m)
0
Surface illuminance
-5
500 (in lux) at z=0

of a Class I
-10
triple tennis court

-15
A A 400
A A
A A
-20
-25
-30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30

X(m)

content
[Football
Lighting also plays a key role in recreational,
non-televised football matches.
Because recreational football is usually played in the evening after

work, effective lighting maximizes the opportunity for people to take
part in the game. Although the lighting level will obviously be lower
than for televised games, the lighting quality should remain high in
terms of uniformity, visual comfort and limitation of obtrusive light,
especially in residential areas where leisure sports facilities are often
located.
These types of facilities will usually be stand-alone, in residential

areas, with little or no spectator capacity. The lighting for non-te-
levised events should be planned so that the horizontal surface of the Corner towers must be positioned outside the normal direction of
pitch can be illuminated uniformly regardless of the mast arrange- view for players with regard to their alignment with both goal lines
ment chosen. and touchlines.
Summary
Philips Optivision
MVP507 MB/60 Philips Optivision Philips Optivision
Type of luminaires 1xMHNLA2000W/400V/842(x4) MVP507 NB/60 MVP507 NB/60
MVP507 NB/60 1xMHNLA2000W/400V/842 1xMHNLA2000W/400V/842
1xMHNLA2000W/400V/842(x4)
Illuminance (lux) 99 >75* 226 >200* 506 >500*
Glare rating 41 <55* 42 <50* 47 <50*

content
[Football
Characteristics
Philips Optivision
MVP507 MB/60
Type of luminaires 1xMHNLA2000W/400V/842(x4)
MVP507 NB/60
1xMHNLA2000W/400V/842(x4)
Colour rendering 85
Glare rating 41
Total power (kW) 17
AB BA
AB BA
18 m 40 m
Z
Y 35 m
X
50
40
AB BA
30
120
20
110
10
100
Y(m)
0
90
Surface illuminance
-10
80
(in lux) at z=0
of a Class III
-20
70 football pitch
-30
60
-40
AB BA
-50
-60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60

X(m)

content
[Football
Characteristics
Philips Optivision MVP507 NB/60
Type of luminaires
1xMHNLA2000W/400V/842
Colour rendering 85
Glare rating 43
Total power (kW) 38
B B B
B B B
18 m 41 m
Z 40 m
Y
X
50
B B B
40
30
300
20
275
10
250
Y(m)
0
225
Surface illuminance
-10
(in lux) at z=0

200
of a Class II
-20
football pitch 175

-30
150
-40
B B B
-50
-60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60

X(m)

content
[Football
Characteristics
Philips Optivision MVP507 NB/60
Type of luminaires
1xMHNLA2000W/400V/842
Colour rendering 85
Glare rating 47
Total power (kW) 89
B BBB
BBBB
B B
BB
BB B BB
B BB
B
B
BBB BB BB BBB
B BB BB BB BB B
18 m
41 m
Z
Y 41 m
X
50
BBB BBBBB BBB

40
30
700
20
650
10
600
Y(m)
0
550
Surface illuminance
-10
(in lux) at z=0

500
of a Class I
-20
450
football pitch
-30
400
-40
BBB BBBBB BBB

-50
-60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60

X(m)

content
[Hockey
For non-competitive activities the recommended mount-
ing height is 16 m. A mounting height of at least 18 m is
required for club competitions and ball training to avoid
glare.
To avoid disturbing shadows for the goalkeeper, a minimum

of 6 or 8 masts are required. The masts at the corner on the diago-
nal of the area behind the goal line guarantee good illumination for
the goalkeeper for corner shots.
Summary
Type of luminaires MVP507 MB/60 MVP507 MB/60 MVP507 MB/60
1xMHNLA2000W/400V/842 1xMHNLA2000W/400V/842 1xMHNLA2000W/400V/842
Illuminance (lux) 344 >300* 532 >500* 772 >750*
Uniformity (Emin /E ave) 0,76 >0.7* 0.72 >0.7* 0.71 >0.7*
Glare rating 42 <55* 38 <50* 40 <50*

content
[Hockey
Characteristics
Philips Optivision
Type of luminaires MVP507 MB/60
1xMHNLA2000W/400V/842
Colour rendering 85
Glare rating 42
Total power (kW) 43
FFF FFFF FFF
16 m
FF FFFF F
F FF
32 m
Z 51 m
X
-50
-40
F F
F FFFF F
F F
-30
450
-20
-10
400
X(m)
0
Surface illuminance
10
350 (in lux) at z=0

of a Class III
20
hockey pitch
300
30
F F
F FFFF F
F F
40
50
-60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Y(m)

content
[Hockey
Characteristics
Philips Optivision
1xMHNLA2000W/400V/842
Colour rendering 85
Glare rating 38
Total power (kW) 68
F
FF FF FF F
F FF FF FFF
18 m
FF FF FF FF
FF FF FF FF
32 m
Z 51 m 16 m
X
-50
-40
FF FF FF FF
-30
650
-20
600
-10
550
X(m)
0
Surface illuminance
500
10
(in lux) at z=0

of a Class II
20
hockey pitch 450

30
FF FF FF FF
400
40
50
-60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Y(m)

content
[Hockey
Characteristics
Philips Optivision
1xMHNLA2000W/400V/842
Colour rendering 85
Glare rating 40
Total power (kW) 94
F F
FF FFF FFF FF
FF FF F F FF FF
18 m
F F
FF F FF FF F FF
FF FFF FFF FF
32 m
Z
51 m 16 m
X
-50
-40
FF FFF F F FFF FF
-30
1100
-20
1000
-10
900
X(m)
0
Surface illuminance
800
10
(in lux) at z=0

of a Class I
20
700 hockey pitch

30
FF FFF F F FFF FF
600
40
50
-60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Y(m)

content
[Cricket
A cricket field is generally circular or oval in shape.
None of the standards define a recommended size.
However, most cricket stadiums have field areas ranging
from a 65 m to a 70 m radius.
In most cases arrangements with between 4 and 6 masts are

preferred, with the height being calculated in the same way as for
football and hockey, although 5 or 6 masts are preferred to help
light the outfield effectively. For economic reasons and due to site
constraints, a 4-mast system is often used for recreational cricket
grounds. In such cases, mast heights are considerably higher so as
to limit the aiming angle to less than 70 degrees in order to limit the
effects of glare.
The location of the masts should be chosen carefully so as not to
cast any disturbing shadows on the field during day-time matches. It
is therefore preferable to have more vertically aligned head frames
than horizontal ones. Under no circumstances should masts be loca-
ted along the field axis.
Summary
Type of luminaires MVP507 NB/60 MVP507 NB/60 MVP507 NB/60
1xMHNLA2000W/400V/842 1xMHNLA2000W/400V/842 1xMHNLA2000W/400V/842
Wicket illuminance (lux) 305 >300* 505 >500* 754 >750*
Outfield illuminance (lux) 209 >200* 385 >300* 504 >500*
Wicket uniformity (Emin /E ave) 0.96 >0.7* 0.99 >0.7* 0.98 >0.7*
Outfield uniformity (Emin /E ave) 0.32 >0.3* 0.50 >0.5* 0.50 >0.5*
Glare rating 36 <55* 38 <50* 38 <50*

content
[Cricket
circle of 70 m radius.
ClassIII>200lux
Characteristics
Philips Optivision
Type of luminaires MVP507 NB/60
1xMHNLA2000W/400V/842
Wicket illuminance (lux) 305
Outfield illuminance (lux) 209
Wicket uniformity (Emin /E ave) 0.96
Outfield uniformity (Emin /E ave) 0.32
Colour rendering 85
Glare rating 36
Total power (kW) 60
BBB
BBBB BBB
BBBB
BBB
BBB
BBB
B
B BBB
30 m
50m
Z
Y
50 m
X
80
60
BB BB
BB BB
BB BB
300
40
20
250
X(m)
0
200
Surface illuminance
(in lux) at z=0
-20
150 of a Class III

cricket field
-40
BB BB
BB BB
BB BB 100
-60
-80
-100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100

Y(m)

content
[Cricket
ClassII>300lux
Characteristics
Philips Optivision
1xMHNLA2000W/400V/842
Colour rendering 85
Glare rating 38
Total power (kW) 119
BBB
BB BBB
BB
BB
BB
BBB BB BB
BBBB
BBB
BBB
BB BBBB
BBB
BBBBB BB
BB BBB
B BBB
30 m
50 m
Z
Y
50 m
X
80
60
B BB
BB BB
BB BB
BB BB
BB B 500
40
450
20
400
X(m)
0
350
Surface illuminance
(in lux) at z=0
-20
300
of a Class II
cricket field 250
-40
BB B
BB BB
BB BB
BB BB
B BB
200
-60
-80
-100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100

Y(m)

content
[Cricket
ClassI>500lux
Characteristics
Philips Optivision
1xMHNLA2000W/400V/842
Colour rendering 85
Glare rating 38
Total power (kW) 153
BB
BB B
BB BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
B BB
BB
BB BB B BB
BBBB
BBB
BBB B
BBB
BBBBBB BBB
BBBBB BBB
BBB BBBBB
B BBB
30 m
50 m
Z
Y
50 m
X
80
60
B BB
BB BB
BB BB
BB BB
BB B
700
40
20
600
X(m)
0
500
Surface illuminance
(in lux) at z=0
-20
400 of a Class I
cricket field
-40
BB B
BB BB
BB BB
BB
B
BB
BB
300
-60
-80
-100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100

Y(m)

content
Lighting Design and
Application Centre
Philips Lighting
Rue des Brotteaux
01708 Miribel Cedex
France
Tel +33 (0)4 78 55 81 00
Fax +33 (0)4 78 55 82 45
E-mail: info.sportslighting@philips.com
www. sportslighting.philips.com
Layout :
2-fi - France
November 2006
Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V.2006

All rights reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part is prohibited without the prior written consent
of the copyright owner. The information presented in this document does not form part of any quotation
or contract, is believed to be accurate and reliable and may be changed without notice.
No liability will be accepted by the publisher for any consequence of its use. Publication thereof
does not convey nor imply any license under patent- or other industrial or intellectual property rights.
Earthing
)1 ( )Earthing
)2 Earthing Ground
)3
)4
)5 grounding Systems
)6
)7
)8
-1
( -
-------)
.

.
-2 Earthing Ground
The words "grounding" and "Earthing" have the same meaning. The term
"Earthing" is used in U.K. and grounding is used in U.S.A both of them
electrically mean connection to ground or earth.
Ch24: EARTHING 391 Power System Distribution

-3

)a

)b

( )from 80 to 90 mA

( )I ()t
)c
50 HZ

)d
.

) (
)1
)2
-:
.
( )Id

-:
Id
Id1
Id2
-4


-5 grounding Systems
-1 ""TT
""TN -2
TN-S
TN-C
TN-C-S
-3 ""IT
- :

T
I

T
N ( )
""TT
( ) R & S & T & N
.

""TN
( )TN-S ()TN-C
S Separate
S common
""TN -S
( . ) R & S & T & N & PE
. . P.E
""TN -C
( . ) R & S & T & PEN
. . PEN
PEN
( )neutral .
PEN )full neutral( phase

""TN C- S
" "TN -C " "TN -S


""IT
( . ) R & S & T & N & PE
. . P.E

""TT

TN-S
TN-S TN-C
""IT

-6

)1
)2 .
)3
)4
Where:-
1- ground conductor
2- the connection of the conductor to the ground electrode the ground
3- electrode itself

-1
-2
-3
electrodes
.

.


45
.
3

.


mm2

)E( 2 )R,S,T( 2
2mm2 2mm2
3mm2 3mm2
4mm2 4mm2
6mm2 6mm2
10mm2 10mm2
16mm2 16mm2
16mm2 25mm2
16mm2 35mm2
25mm2 50mm2
35mm2 70mm2
50mm2 95mm2
70mm2 120mm2
70mm2 150mm2
95mm2 185mm2
120mm2 240mm2
150mm2 300mm2



Earthing Megger
06 31


4 30
) (C1 ,C2
) (P1 , P2
) ( .
)(D
) = (A (D=3/4 A) -:
(. ( :
The formula is as follows: = 2 A R
Where: = the average soil resistivity to depth A in ohm - m
is the constant 3.1416
A the distance between the electrodes in m
R the measured resistance value in ohms from the test instrument


(.) (.)

5

02 02 5
02 02 02
52 022 02 ()
022 022 02

022 0222-022

0222 0222-022
0222 --
0222 > 0222

EARTHING SYSTEM CALCULATION

ACCORDING TO BRITISH STANDARD (BS 7430)
Resistance of one vertical electrode is given by:
Where:-
R is the resistance of single rod or pipe, in ohms ();
L is the length of rod, in meter (m);
d is the diameter of rod or pipe, in meters (m);
is the soil resistivity in ohm meter (.m).
Total Resistance for n rods in case of

i. vertical parallel electrodes arranged hollow square
Where:
R is the resistance of the rod in isolation, in ;

S is the distance between adjacent rods, in m;
is the resistivity of soil, in .m;
is a factor given in Table 4 or Table 5;
n is the number of electrodes

ii. Vertical parallel electrodes arranged in a line
Where:
R is the resistance of the rod in isolation, in ;

S is the distance between adjacent rods, in m;
is the resistivity of soil, in .m;
is a factor given in Table 4 or Table 5;
n is the number of electrodes

iii. Three rods at the vertices of an equilateral triangle

The resistance Re in ohms () of three interconnected rods set out at the
vertices of an equilateral triangle
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
:
.) 1
) ( . )2
. 2 ) 3
.) 4

-
10 30
( ] [(

.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Selection of an Earthing conductor
Where:
I )is the average fault current, in A (r.m.s
T is the fault current duration, in low voltage take 0.1 sec.
K is the current density, in A/mm2

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

( )fall of potential
-1 ( )C1 ( )P1
.
-2 ( )C2 30 60
44
-3 ( )P2 30 60
) ) 61.8 % ( )C2 .
-4 .


References:-
1) IEC code
2) Egyptian code.
3) NEC code.
4) British Standard (BS 7430)
5) Philips Lighting catalogue.
6) Egylux Elsewedy Lighting catalogue.
7) Three Brothers Lighting catalogue.
8) Osram Lighting catalogue.
9) Lival lighting catalogue.
10) Lighting engineering book.
11) Schneider Electric Sockets catalogue
12) ABB Electric Sockets catalogue
13) Bticino Sockets catalogue
14) ABB circuit breaker catalogue
15) Schneider circuit breaker catalogue
16) Mitsubishi circuit breaker catalogue
17) Merlin Gerin circuit breaker catalogue
References 412 Power System Distribution

18) Bticino circuit breaker catalogue
19) Elsewedy cables catalogue.
20) Siemens Panel Boards catalogue
21) ABB Panel Boards catalogue
22) Schneider Panel Boards catalogue
23) Schneider Panel Boards catalogue
24) Mitsubishi lifts catalogue
25) Lectro Egypt Bus Ducts catalogue
26) Schneider BusDucts catalogue
27) Cutler-Hammer BusDucts catalogue
28) Elsewedy Transformer catalogue
29) ABB Transformer catalogue
30) Tesar Transformer catalogue
31) Elkima Transformer Catalogue
32) ABB Ring Main Unit Catalogue
33) Schneider Ring Main Unit Catalogue
34) Schneider Ring Main Unit Catalogue
35) Tepco Egypt Ring Main Unit Catalogue
36) Tepco Egypt Distributer Catalogue

37) Cummins generators Catalogue
38) Cummins Automatic Transfer Switches
39) caterpillar generators Catalogue
40) perkiness generators Catalogue
41) SIEMENS Generator Sizing Guide
42) Energy Compensation Schneider Guide
43) ABB power factor regulators
44) Protection of L.V. Distribution Network Schneider Guide
45) Astrid UPS Catalogue
46) Schneider UPS Catalogue
47) fundamentals of electrical distribution (Cutler-Hammer)
48) grounding fundamental (Dr. Mohammed elsharkawy )
49) Earthing (Eslam Mohammed)
50) Grounding and bounding electrical system book
51) Ground Resistance-Principles,Testing,Techniques & Applications
) 25
) ..) (25
) . .) (25

)22( )
)25(-)
)25

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* (Switchgear) :
- ) (Circuit breaker
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)(Manual )(Electrical

... .

) (Fuses Or Relays

- .
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(Relays) .
:
( :
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) ) Arcing contact
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.
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.

.
:
)(starting current (Inrush
)current .

) ) Setting ) (Delay time .
.

) (
.
:
:
)1 .
)2
)(Short circuit .
) ( Circuit breakers
.
Minimum oil circuit breaker :
KV 132

.
SF6 Circuit Breaker :
KV 132

.
) (Electronegative gas
SF6
.
Bulk oil circuit breaker :
KV 33 :
( Interbus transformers
KV33/132 .
( KV 33/10.
( KV3.3/33 .
( ( (JEPCO.
) (50%
.
Vacuum circuit breaker :
KV .
.
) (Circuit breaker )(Contacts
. .
Air blast circuit breaker:
KV .
:
( .
( Feed water pumps (KV3.3 ) .
( Forced draft fans
:
)1 ) (Dc Motor
) (Tripping coil .
)2 ) (Magnetic blow up coil
) ( Short circuit

.
)3 )(Anti pumping ) (Fault
.
Air circuit breaker :

.
) (Air cooled condensate fans
V416 :
9 .
18 .
(Batteries) :
)(
.
:
:
)(H2SO4 )(KOH
.
(DC).
.
:
)1 )(Protection )( Circuit Breaker (Relays).
)2 (Control circuit) :
(DC voltage ) .
) (P,I,D (DC voltage ) .
)3 : (Black out).
)3 )(Bearings . (Steam
)(
/....
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V.D .
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-utilization factor
-simultancity factor
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-load factor
-power factor
- :
:load factor
= ..
:utilization factor
= . =
.
:simultanety factor
:diversity factor
:power factor
Demand Factor . Load Factor

)(
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=
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current carring capacity -

short circuit -

voltage drop -
-

%.

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)(
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short circuit current

= R+z
z = imprdance

=
= z
!!!!!!!!!!!!

.

Is.c= U/Z =1.05Un/Z
U= phase voltage at no load
Z= total impedance of transformer + total impedance of cable
Un= phase volt at load
-

:
phase to earth -
phase to phase -
double phase to earth -
....
- sc short circit z
z z x , r

/....

- .
- .
-

= z

.
)(
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-

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.

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)(
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- :
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- :
.............
) - - - - - - - -
- ( ) --
..........
- ...
.
N: number of fitting.
- .
E: = Average required luminance on the working place.
- .
(n): = Number of tubes per fitting.

- .
(u): = Utilization factor given for every type of fitting.
- .
Lf : = lumen flux of one tube.
- .
(m) : = Maintenance factor.
L=room length W= room width N=number of fitting
......
) (
)(
/....
-
-

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.* .
/.....
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:N
:E ) - (..
:n -
:u
.:.
:Lf :
:m
. : .
:L
:W
....
- *
daylight :
E= 150 lux
A=3*4=12m2
M=.8
room index = 0.6
u=.28
) ++ (

n=2

N=1.6
) ( ) ( .
.
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)(
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100

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100 . =/
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:
Substations Layout
-

Types of Substations
-
.
.
-:
-
- Step up transformer
Machine Transforms .
Delta ( (
)(Star ) (Star point ) (Solidly earthed )
( .
.
-
Network Transformer Substations
- - -
Autotransformers
Secondary circuit .
- -
/ . . /.
.
-
- Distribution Substations
Step - down transformer
Primary feeders Distribution transformers Secondary
feeder End user
Industrial loads Commercial loads Residential loads
.
- Construction features:
- Outdoor Substation
- Indoor Substation
- Underground Substation
- Pole mounting - Open or Kiosk
.
) ( .

Mobile Substations
- Backup

Large Tractor Trailer
-
. ) ( .
-

Civil and Electrical works in Substations
2-1 :
) - - - ( ....

Railway track and overhead cranes cable trenches

Fencing around switch yard
2-2 :
Bas Bar arrangement
Isolators
Instrument transformers
Circuit Breaker
Lightning arrestors
Power transformers
Protective relaying schemes
Vol***e regulating equipment

Earthing System
Illumination System
Fire Protection system
Communication Systems
Auxiliary supply
Interlocks
flexible
.
-

Electrical layout of Substation
-
Key diagram .
. ) ( .
-

Bus Bars
- -
. .
1-4
:
Rigid bus-
Strain bus-

Bars Tubes Pedestal - type
ACSR
Strain type insulators.
4-2 Bus conductor material
:
-
-
-
-
-
-
Heat - treatable aluminum alloys

.
%
3-4 Common bus bar
arrangement
4-3-1 Single bus bar
) ( .
2-3-4 Single bus bar with bus sectionalizer
) - ( reliability
- ) . ( ) (feeder
. ) ( circuit breaker
) (isolator breaker
.
3-3-4 Double bus bar

- :
- .
- .
- .
- ) ( Bus coupler circuit breaker
. .
- Double bus bar with single breaker

4-3-4 Double bus bar double circuit breaker
) ( .
.
5-3-4 Double bus bar one and half circuit breaker
) (
(Spare breaker) . .
Main and transfer bus bar 6-3-4
- ) (
isolators .
7-3-4
) ( .
. .

.
8-3-4 Mesh or ring scheme
) ( :
1-
2-
3-

( Developing systems) .
-
Distribution Substations
) (

.
) ( %
.
.
) ( .
.
)(
/.
- -:
- - - - - - - -
- ) --
..........
-

..
.
- ) (start current ) rated

(current
- ) ( :
=)I(starting group
)I(start of biggest one) + D.F * (sum of start current of rest
- :
D.F +
= )I(rated group
)(I(rated of biggest one)*1.25) + D.F * (sum of rated current of rest

Demand Factor
D.F
: inductiv
6:10 inductiv 0.75
10:15 inductiv 0.7
15:20 inductiv 0.85
single phase
I(rated)= 28 amp---------------------------------
I(rated)= 42amp ------------------------------
I(start)= 2 * I(rated)
I(start) for biggest motor = 2* 42 = 84 amp
I(start group)= 84+ 1(28+28+42) = 182
I(start group)= 182 amp
I(rated group)= (1.25*42) + 1(28+28+42)=52.5+98= 150.5
I(rated group)=150 amp
I(start for two motors 28amp)=( 1*28) +(1*28)=56 amp
I( start for two motors 42amp)= (1.25*42) + 42 = 52.5+42 =94.5
....
:
......
: -
) . (
) . ( .
) ) *
:
* = ) ( ) . ( =
* = . * ...
:
42 * = ) ) ) . ( =
* = . *..
- ) (

/......
- =* . =

) ( . demand factor = 1
:

.
/....
-

--

.
.....
--:
+ d.f
) ( 42 & 28
) ( .
( (

( )
) * . (

/......
-

--

---- :
*
.
.....

60
.
..
-
( (

.
- = * = * .
.
/.....
- -
-
-
-
-
-
.
......
-

I(start for two motors 28amp)=( 1*28) +(1*28)=56 amp

I( start for two motors 42amp)= (1.25
*.= +. = + (
/.....
- -
- -

- -
.
)(
-
- -

-

.
- .
-:
x I(r)=7.8 amp----------------------
x I(r)=14 amp -------------------
x I(r)= 21 amp-------------------
D.F= 0.75 -----------------------------
)I( start )=2.5 x I(rated
I( start group)= 2.5 x 21 + 0.75(3*7.8 + 2*14 + )2*21
=52.5 + ----- = 122.5 amp
I( rated group)=1.25 x 21 + 0.75 ( 3*7.8 + 2*14 )+ 2*21 =
= 36.75 + 70 = 106.35 amp
3*50 +25
- ...
....
-
I(start for 3 motors 21A)=2.5*21+(21+21)=94.5A
A
I(rated for 3 motors 21A)=1.25*21+(21+21)=68.25A
+*
I(start for 2motors 14A)=2.5*14+14=49A
A
I(rated for 2motors 14A)=1.25*14+14=31.5A
3*50+25
I(start for 3motors 7.8A)=2.5*7.8+(7.8+7.8)=35.1A
A
I(rated for 3motors 7.8A)=1.25*7.8+(7.8+7.8)=25.35A
+*

/.....
- ) (* . 3*50
.....
- -:
. .
. .

+* +*

125 A
+*
I (start for 2 motors 14A)=2.5*14+14=49A
70 A
I (rated for 2 motors 14A)=1.25*14+14=31.5A
3*10+6
) ( 50 A
+*
- ( )
) (
/.....
:
- .
-
.......
- ........

demand factor . ) (
.

.
......
-
A
*+
I(start for 2motors 14A)=2.5*14+14=49A
A
I(rated for 2motors 14A)=1.25*14+14=31.5A
10+16*3
A
*+
....
- ) (

) (
.

. )
) .
.
= 35
. = *. 63
.
. %

.
/.....
- . . I ( rating .

275 / - :
) ( In Ib

/

- -
.
....
-
.
.....
-
----------------------------- D.F= 0.75

:
) :(-

" "
100
+80 .
+60 .

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- ) % % + (

= I( start group)= 2.5 x 21 + 0.75 (3*7.8 + 2*14 + 2*21

122.5 amp
I( rated group)=1.25 x 21 + 0.75( 3*7.8 + 2*14 + 2*21
= 36.75 + 70 = 106.35 amp
.
/......
- :
= I( start group)= 2.5 x 21 + 0.75 (3*7.8 + 2*14 + 2*21

122.5 amp
.

=

80%
60%-
- - -
) - (

-- (
+(
)(
/ ......
-

.

) (\
) (

- \
.

/
-
:
In
Ib

/

Current carring capacity = Iz In \ C.F
C.F )
............( . : .
-

.
)(
/..
-
.
-:
-
.
- .
- :
.
- :
:
:

.
-
:
)
(.
-:
- ) (

.
.
-
.
.
:
.
.....
/......
-
- - -
- -
- ) (
-
.
.....
-
.
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Serial. No DWG. No. Title Si Scal Re
General Drawings ze e v.
01-07051 006-ELG- Legend, General Notes & List of A0 N.T. 0
02-07051 006-ELG-
001 Substation Layout & Details
Abbreviations A0 1:10
S 0
03-07051 006-ELG-
002 Earthing System Layout A0 1:15
0 0
Electrical Work
04-07051 006-ELG-
003 Typical Installation Details A0 N.T.
0 0
Site Layout 004 S
05-07051 006-ELS- Site Plan - Lighting layout A0 1:15 0
06-07051 006-ELS-
001 Site Plan - Feeder Routing layout A0 1:15
0 0
Lighting System Drawings 002 0
07-07051 006-ELL- Lower Ground Floor - Lighting layout A0 1:10 0
08-07051 006-ELL-
LGR Ground Floor - Lighting Layout A0 1:10
0 0
09-07051 006-ELL-
0GR First Floor - Lighting Layout A0 1:10
0 0
10-07051 006-ELL-
001 Second Floor - Lighting Layout A0 1:10
0 0
11-07051 006-ELL-
002 Third Floor - Lighting Layout A0 1:10
0 0
12-07051 006-ELL-
003 Roof Floor - Lighting Layout A0 1:10
0 0
Power System Drawings 00R 0
13-07051 006-ELP- Lower Ground Floor - Power layout A0 1:10 0
14-07051 006-ELP-
LGR Ground Floor - Power Layout A0 1:10
0 0
15-07051 006-ELP-
0GR First Floor - Power Layout A0 1:10
0 0
16-07051 006-ELP-
001 Second Floor - Power Layout A0 1:10
0 0
17-07051 006-ELP-
002 Third Floor - Power Layout A0 1:10
0 0
18-07051 006-ELP-
003 Roof Floor - Power Layout A0 1:10
0 0
Power Risers 00R 0
20-07051 006-ELR- Power Riser Diagram A0 N.T. 1
Feeder Data Schedule & 002 S
21-07051
Switch Board Details 006-ELT- Switch Board Details (1 of 11) A0 N.T. 0
22-07051 006-ELT-
001 Switch Board Details (2 of 11) A0 N.T.
S 0
23-07051 006-ELT-
S 0
24-07051 006-ELT-
S 0
25-07051 006-ELT-
S 0
26-07051 006-ELT-
S 0
27-07051 006-ELT-
S 0
28-07051 006-ELT-
S 0
29-07051 006-ELT-
S 0
30-07051 006-ELT-
S 0
31-07051 006-ELT-
S 0
32-07051 006-ELT-
011 Feeder Data Schedule A0 N.T.
S 0
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5Page

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Ref. no. From To Cable size Filling

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CT 1 DP1 DP2 3*150+95+95 50%
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Page
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Coordination .1

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Page
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Coordination cable
tray
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Page
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Page
22

Electrical Shop Drawings
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. .
. .
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Mahmoud18MA@Yahoo.Com
@@a@ic@@
Eng. Mahmoud Abo El-Yazed Page 1

@Zpbn0a
4 ................................................................................................. AutoCAD
11 ............................................................................................ AutoLISP
14 .............................................................................
)14 ................................ (Lighting & Power
-1 14 ..............................................................................
-2 14 ............................................................
-3 14 ............................
-4 15 ...............................................................................................
-5 16 .......................................................................
-6 18 ..................................... Internal Wiring
-7 21 .............................................. Home Run Wiring
-8 22 ...................................................................................... Ceiling Box
- 23 ............................................
23 .................................................................................................. Hatch Mark -9
26 ............................................................................................... Presentation -10
-11 27 .....................................................................................
-12 )30 ................................................ (Coordination
-13 30 ......................................................................................... Schedules
-14 34 ..........................................................................................................
-15 )37 ............................................................................. (Details
)43 ...................................... (Cable Routing
-1 43 ..............................................................................

-2 43 ............................................................
-3 44 ............................
-4 44 ...............................................................................................
-5 45 .......................................................................
- )46 ............................................... (Cable Trays
-6 50 .................................................................... Guide Lines
-7 52 .................................................................................... Sections
-8 54 ..................................................... Cable Tray Sizing
55 ............................................................................... Cable Tray Accessories -9
-10 )56 ................................................ (Coordination
57 ............................................................................................... Presentation -11
-12 57 .....................................................................................
-13 58 ..........................................................................................................
-14 )58 ............................................................................. (Details
64 .............................................................................
71 ............................................. Lighting and Power Shop Drawing Check List
73 ...................................................... Cable Routing Shop Drawing Check List

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Attribute ATA
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:(Electrical Shop Drawings) bia@na@pba@m

) ...(
.
@ZHLighting & PowerI@@bia@na@pba@@pa
-1 ) (Specifications ):(Material Submittal

..

.
-2 ) (Electrical Design Drawings:

) (Shafts ) (Corridors
) (.
-3 :

Trenches ) ( ).(Shafts
) (False Ceiling

.

(FCU (Fan Coil Unit) + EF (Exhaust Fan) + SF (Smoke Fan) + AHU (Air
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-4 ) (:

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-1 :Block
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Shop Drawing
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https://payazed.wordpress.com/2015/09/21/bp/

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Shop Drawing
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Layer
Color Line Type
Green Continuous Nrm-Emb Embedded Normal
Green Divide Nrm-Exp Exposed Normal
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Green Dashdot Nrm-Above-F.C Normal
Ceiling
Under Final
Nrm-Under-
Green Dashed Finished Normal
F.F.L
Floor
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Poly Vinyl Under Final

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EMT
EMT (Electrical
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Ceiling
RGS
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RGS Galvanized
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) (Layer
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) 100
(
) (Fixtures ) (Switches ) (Sockets

Back Pull Box ) (
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F P ) (Polylines
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Design Schedule
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Cable Routing
Layer

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-8 :Ceiling Box
Ceiling Box

(O-I-L-U-T-Y-X-H) :
Back Box
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)For Power (only
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(FCU (Fan Coil Unit) + EF (Exhaust Fan) + SF (Smoke Fan) + AHU (Air
)Handling Unit) + Pumps + Valves + Split Units
Mechanical Shop Drawing
) (Electrical Outlets

) (Disconnect Switches
) (E.O. ) (
) (Disconnect Switch
Exposed Conduit ) (False Ceiling
Flexible Conduit )(D. S.
) (E.O. Split Units
Hatch Mark -9 :Wiring Mark
) (Polylines
) (Wires
) (Polylines :

:
For Lighting
- 3
Phase+Neutral+Grounding Hatch Mark
- 3
Phase+Return+Grounding Hatch Mark
- ) ( 3
Return+Neutral+Grounding Hatch Mark
- Push Button 3
Control+Control+Grounding Hatch Mark
For Power
(1 Phase - ) (1 Phase Socket

) Disconnect 3 Phase+Neutral+Grounding
Hatch Mark
- ) (3 Phase Socket 5
Phase+Phase+Phase+Neutral+Grounding Hatch Mark

- ) (3 Phase Disconnect 3 Pole 4

Phase+Phase+Phase+Grounding Hatch Mark

- ) (3 Phase Disconnect 4 Pole 5

Hatch Phase+Phase+Phase+Neutral+Grounding
Mark

- ) (Double Pole FCU ) E.O.

Phase+Return+Return 5 (E.O.
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- ) (Double Pole FCU ) E.O.

( 3 Return+Return+Grounding
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:
: Traveler 2-Wires
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:Power
:Presentation -10
Pull Box :
- 15 ) 30 (
- 90 )(2 Bends
- ) EMT (RGS
- Embedded Exposed
- ) (Expansion Joints
- : Junction Box )
(
) (Multileader
)(
) (Circuit
) (Wires


Viewport
Viewports Viewports
) (Align

) (Multileaders )- Pull Boxes Sizes - Panels Names

- Mechanical Equipments Names Conduits - Electrical Outlets
(Sleeves Up or Down to Another Floor
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E.O Pull Box Junction Box
Legend
Linetype
(Luminaries Types - Sockets Types - Switches Types - Panel Board Size -

)Pull Box & Junction Box Size - Conduit Types
-11 :
) 1:50 = (Scale )(
Attributes ) 100 = (Multileaders
) 1:100 = (Scale = 200
2 ) (2 Sockets )
20(
15 )(No Back to Back
Wall Mounted
) (h3 ) Legend
h1=30cm (h3=120 cm

Wet Area Weather proof material

) (W.P
Residual Current Devices (RCD -

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Wet Areas
30mA
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) (Sockets + E.O Cable Routing

Exit Sign
Legend Ballast
)(Approved Material Submittal

(Request For Information) RFI
)( )(Circuit Breaker
) (Circuit Breaker ) (Type :
:B-Type -1 Resistive 3:5*Irated
:C-Type -2 ) Inductive (
5:10*Irated
:D-Type -3 ) Highly Inductive (

10:20*Irated
) (Circuit Breaker
):(Schneider Electrical Installation Guide 2011- G34


-12 ):(Coordination
) ( )
) (Fire Fighting ) (HVAC (
) (Coordination

) (Sections

-13 :Shop Drawing Schedules
Excel ) (Panel Schedule :
.1 Circuit Breaker
.2 ) (Feeder
.3 1-Phase 3-Phase
)*(
.4 Internal Wiring Home Rum Wiring
.5 Voltage Drop )(Circuit
Voltage Drop (V) = K (mV/A/m) * I (A) * L (m) / 1000
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(Home Run Length + 0.5 * Internal Length (Between Units)) / 1000
Voltage Drop % = Voltage Drop * 100 / V
)*( TL
https://payazed.wordpress.com/2015/06/02/tl/

Voltage Drop 5% Voltage

Drop Panel + 2% Voltage Drop Panel
3%
Voltage Drop Panel

Schedule Accumulative V.D Voltage Drop
5% Voltage Drop
.6 Wires Conduit Circuit Breaker
Voltage Drop 5%
Wires 5% Conduit
Filling Ratio 40%

0.4 * 3.14 * (DConduit/2)2 No. of wires * 3.14 * (Dwire/2)2
DConduit 2.5 * No. of wires * (Dwire)2
.7
.8 ) 1 12
0.4A (4.8A = 12*0.4
.9 Phase Load
Sockets Lighting
Phase Balance Unbalance Ratio %10

) (Circuits Schedules
Shop Drawing Plan
Schedules
) (


Single Line Panel Voltage Drop

Panel Feeder Data Schedules Diagram
Panel Demand Load
( Bus Bar )Voltage Drop
V.D. % = (K (mV/A/m) * I (A) * Length (m)) / (10 * V * No. of Cable per Phase)
Where: I = [(Demand Load (kVA) * 1000) / (V * 3)] * Diversity Factor
Voltage Drop
Panel Short Circuit

Medium ( Bus Bar )X (m ) R (m )
Panels Voltage
For Medium Voltage (500MVA)

R = 0 (neglected) X = (1.05 * VL)2 / S (kVA)
= (1.05 * 400)2 / 500*1000 = 0.353 m
For Transformer
R = 0 (neglected) X = (1.05 * VL)2 * Usc / STr (kVA)
Where: Usc = 0.04 if oil transformer < 0.75 (MVA) else for Oil & Dry Tr. Usc = 0.06
For Any Bus Bar

R = 0.008 * L (m) X = 0.005 * L (m)
For Any Cable

R = ( * L (m)) / (A (for Cable) * N) X = (0.08 * L (m)) / N
Where: (resistivity) = 22.5 m*mm2/m for copper or 36 m*mm2/m for aluminium
N = No. of Cable per Phase
R RT ZT = RT + XT ZT
X XT
Three-phase short circuit IS.C (kA) = (1.05 * VL) / (ZT (m) * 3)
Phase to phase short circuit IS.C (kA) = (1.05 * VL) / (ZT (m) * 2)

-14:
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-2 -1
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Key Plan-6 Key Plan -5
-7 )(Design Drawing Reference
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-15 ):(Details

)(Details






@ZHCable RoutingI@@bia@na@pba@@pa
:Cable Routing
-1 ) :(Cable Trays ) Branch

(Panels ) (Main Panels

:Trench -2 ) (
) (Panels

:Duct Bank -3 Outdoor
-4 :Conduits Panels

-1 ) (Specifications ):(Material Submittal

..

.
-2 ) (Electrical Design Drawings:

) (Shafts Shafts
Shaft Shaft
Feeder Data Schedule Single Line Diagram
Cable Routing Feeder Data
Schedule .

-3 :
Trenches
) ( ) (Shafts
) (Horizontally ) (Vertically
) (.
) (Double Height
.

) (Cable Tray
3 :
-1 Trench
-2 ) (Slab

-3 Cover

Switch Gear
Raised Floor .Raised Floor
-4 ) (:
Lighting & Power 13 14

-5 ) (Design ):(Shop Drawing
Shop Drawing
... Base Point Base Point
)*(

) (Disconnect Switches + Panels

)**(
Shop Drawing

Insert Copy ) (Type
) (Circuit No
Panels ) (Disconnect Switches

Cable Routing
)*( BP Base Point Base Point

https://payazed.wordpress.com/2015/09/21/bp/
)**( Ctrl+Shift+C
Ctrl+V

:(Cable Trays) -
:(Cable Trays)
Cable Applications
Tray Suitable For With Heat Figure
Types Generated
Power &
Perforated Moderate
Data Cables
Power &
Ladder High
Large Cables
Power &
Duct Minimal
Data Cables
Wire Data & Fiber

-
Mesh Optic Cables
Cable Smaller &

-
Trunking Data Cables

:Cable Tray Accessories


) (Perforated - Duct ) (Cover

) (Outdoor
)( : 100 150 300 450 600 750 900

) 4 6 12 18 24 30 36 x 100 111 50
x 4 4.38 2(

Single Rail & Channel Cable Tray :
-2 -1
-4 -3
) Guide Lines -6 (:
) (Design
)*(
Block
Feeder Data Schedule Single Line Diagram

Panel
Perforated Cable Tray )
( ) Shaft
( Panel Perforated Cable Tray
Shaft Ladder Shaft
Perforated Cable Tray
: : Perforated Cable Tray

Ladder
MV
)*( Ctrl+Shift+C
Ctrl+Shift+V

Layer ) (Nrm-Guidelines Normal

Panels Polyline Shaft ) (Panel

Guide Lines

- Layers

- Shafts Perforated Cable Tray

Ladder Shaft
Ladder
Ladder

Layer ) (Emg-Guidelines
Emergency Panels Polyline Emergency
Perforated Cable Trays or Ladders Normal
- Normal Emergency
Fire Barrier
) Generator (

Sections
- Section

.. Section

) Sections -7 (:
Section )
( Rod Supports Excel Sheet

Section
Section
Section

section Section
Guide Lines
section
Sections
Section Ladder Section Perforated Cable tray

) (Layers ) (Corridors
350

) Cable Tray Sizing -8 (:

:Multi Core Cables .1

:Single Core Cables .2
2.15
Single Core
2
2.15 Single
Core NEC
Spare %30 - %20

%20 = Spare
= %80 )
600 480
+ 480(
Excel Sheet Table

) (Feeders
) -( Feeder :
) = (D +
+ + + +
.....
:
)( ) D( )(Spare = 20%
150 D 120
300 120 < D 240
450 240 < D 360
600 360 < D 480
750 480 < D 600
900 600 < D 720

900 2
) 900 300(
:Cable Tray Accessories -9
Rod Supports 1500

Seismic Supports
HILTI 12
9 7.5
Elbow Tee Seismic
Support

Reducer ) 600 300(
Reducer ) Right (Left

)(Straight

-10 ):(Coordination
) (Coordination
) ) Fire
(Fighting ) (HVAC ) ((Plumbing )(Coordination

) (Sections

)(HVAC
) (Plumbing ) Fire
(Fighting ) (
) (
) (Layers 350 )
(
Beams 250
300
) (Accessibility ) 3
300
300 (
100

:Presentation -11
) (Multileader
)
( Cable Tray ) Perforated (
Viewport Viewports
Viewports
) (Multileaders ) - Panels Names Disconnect

(Conduits Sleeves Up or Down to Another Floor - Switches
Feeders
) (Align

) (Dimensions ) ( Accessories
) (Panels Supports
Axis
-12 :
) 1:50 = (Scale )(
Attributes ) 100 = (Multileaders
) 1:100 = (Scale = 200


(Request For Information) RFI
Voltage Drop Short Circuit

Panel Board Schedules Lighting & Power
-13:
Lighting & Power 32 35
-14 ):(Details

)(Details






: -
: (Lighting Design)

: (Lighting Shop Drawing)

:(Power Design)

: (Power Shop Drawing)

:(Cable Routing Design)

:(Cable Routing Shop Drawing)

:(Cable Routing Section Shop Drawing)

Lighting and Power Shop Drawing Check List .
1- Specifications and Material Submittal Studying

2- Electrical Design Drawing Studying
3- Architecture, Structure & Mechanical shop Drawings Studying
4- Work File:
Arch Final Revision As Block or Xref
Make Units mm
5- Blocks Replacing:
Copy Electrical Design Blocks
Replace Design Blocks With Shop Drawing Blocks
Quick Select Shop Drawing Block Then Change Layer and Scale
If Blocks Have Attributes Use AttSync Then Torient
Make False Ceiling Coordination for Fixtures or Electrical Outlets (E.O.)
6- Internal Wiring:
Copy Electrical Design and Make it Block
Create New Layers For Wiring
Connect Fixtures or Sockets By Polylines With Fillet
7- Home Run Wiring:

Check All Circuits With Design Schedules
Check Electrical Panel Locations With Cable Routing Plan
Connect Fixtures (or Sockets) Circuits To Electrical Panels
8- Make Ceiling Box For Lighting Fixtures Only
8'- Connect Mechanical Equipments (For Power Only):

Copy Mechanical Equipments From Mechanical Shop Drawing Plan
Change Electrical Outlets and Disconnect Switches Locations
Connect Equipments With Disconnect Switches
9- Make Hatch Marks For All Connections In Plan
10- Presentation:
Put Pull Box and Cutting In Necessary Locations

Avoid Text Overlapping

Put Mleader For Home Run Conduits and Align it
Put Mleader For Panels, Pull Boxes, Mechanical Equipments, Conduits
(Sleeves) Up or Down To Another Floor and Electrical Outlets
Put Heights for Wall Mounted & Suspended Fixtures, Switches and Sockets
Make Dimension for Fixtures, Sockets, Switches, Pull Boxes, Junction Boxes
and Electrical Outlets
Make Legend for All Lighting Fixtures, Switches, Sockets and Conduits
11- Edit Drawings for Consultant Notes and RFI
12- Make Coordination
13- Shop Drawing Schedules, Calculate:

Main Circuit Breaker or Isolator Size
Feeding Panel Name and Location
Feeder Reference No, Length, Cross Sectional Area and Type
Distance Between Units and Home Run Length

Voltage Drop % for Each Circuit
Wires, Conduit and Circuit Breaker Sizes for Each Circuit
No. Of Pole and Type of Load
Total Connected Power for Each Phase and For All Phases
Make Phase Balance
Connected Power and Demand Load Power (KVA) For Each Load Type
14- Details Drawings
15- Drawings Plotting (Printing):

Make Layout from Template and Modify Page Setup
Make Viewports In Layouts With Scale
Final Revision of Design Drawings Reference
Check Legend, General Notes and Key Plan In Viewports
Plot Drawing for Pdf File
Bind Drawing

Cable Routing Shop Drawing Check List .
1- Specifications and Material Submittal Studying

2- Electrical Design Drawing Studying
3- Architecture, Structure & Mechanical shop Drawings Studying
4- Work File:
Arch Final Revision As Block or Xref
Make Units mm
5- Blocks Replacing:
Copy Electrical Design Blocks (Panels Disconnect Switches)
Replace Design Blocks With Shop Drawing Blocks
Quick Select Shop Drawing Block Then Change Layer and Scale
If Blocks Have Attributes Use AttSync Then Torient
6- Guide Lines:
Copy Trays from Design Drawing to Shop Drawing
Review each Cable Tray Type
Draw Guide Line for each Cable (Normal - Emergency)
Draw Cable Trays with Same Design Size
7- Sections:
Put Section Symbol in Every Tray Size Change
Draw Section for Tray
8- Cable Tray Sizing
9- Put Cable Tray Accessories
10- Make Coordination
11- Presentation:
Avoid Text Overlapping
Put Mleader For Each Cable Tray and Align it
Put Mleader For Panels, Disconnect Switches and Conduits (Sleeves) Up or
Down To Another Floor

Make Dimension for Fixtures, Sockets, Switches, Pull Boxes, Junction Boxes
and Electrical Outlets
Make Legend for All Cable Trays Types and Accessories
12- Edit Drawings for Consultant Notes and RFI
13- Details Drawings
14- Drawings Plotting (Printing):

Make Layout from Template and Modify Page Setup
Make Viewports In Layouts With Scale
Final Revision of Design Drawings Reference
Check Legend, General Notes and Key Plan In Viewports
Plot Drawing for Pdf File
Bind Drawing


4A for Consultant and Training
1- Fire Alarm System

- .
- .
- .
- .
-
.
:
-1 (.)Detectors
-2 " " ( .)Call Point
-3 (.)Alarms
-4 Modules
-5 .
-6 .
1- Type of Detectors
1. Smoke Detector
Ionization Smoke Detector
I
.
.
Optical Smoke Detector

I .
I

Ch.: 1 Light Current 4A for Consultant and Training----1

R = 7.5 m R
R=5m
s
Area = r2 = 3.14 * 25 = 80m2
Distance between two smoke detectors
Covered area
s s
10 m
# For Corridors
S S
10 m
# For Corners
Uncovered
area
s
s
Incorrect Correct
design design
Power System Distribution level 2 4A Consultant and Training ----2

3
:
2. Heat Detector
R
Max Radius R = 5.3 m H
R=4m
H
For corner Distance between two heat detector
H H
H
8m
Note:
Placement of heat detector
1 Kitchen 2 Boiler 3 Generator Room
4-

3. Multisensor Sense to heat and smoke H -S

MS
MS
R= 4 m
:
-2 -1
( ( 4. Duct detector
5. Beam Detector
R
Consist of Transmitter T and Receiver
T
R

alarm .

6. Gas Detector
&Kitchen .
7. Carbon Dioxide
C
C C
8m
Quiz



-1
-2
....

2- Call points=Manual Station=Break Glass

O
Complete with Glass Cover

.

.

33 63.

3- Alarms
Types of Alarm
. Bells -1
. Strobe Light [Flash] -2
. Speakers -3

Horn [Outdoor] -4 bell
65
2 3
60
.
60 "
"
5.

20.

4- Modules
Control module -1
:
)a
)b
)c

Monitor Module (M.M) -2
:
()Water Flow switch
Tamper switch -A
.
Flow switch -B .
()M.M

Door holder -3


5- Fire Alarm Control Panel F.A.C.P
1. Conventional F.A.C.P
S S H H EOL ZONE 1
H EOL ZONE 2
M M O
S S
B G S S EOL ZONE 3
Any Zone ended with resistance EOLR to damping the voltage [24VDC]
If any sensor operate all zone will be operate so can't know the
area of fire [Main Disadvantage]


1) Less cost
2) Used if number of sensor low
3) Used in less important area because if sensor is failure all above
sensor will be out of service [open loop]
2. Addressable F.A.C.P
S S H H
LOOP1
# M M O H
S S LOOP2
B G S S
LOOP3
Addressing methods
Different manufacturers of intelligent systems use a number of different

methods of setting the address of a device, including:
7-bit binary or hexadecimal DIL switch
Dedicated address programmer

Automatic, according to physical position on the loop
Binary address card fitted in the detector base
Decimal address switches

SHORT CIRCUIT
G S S
S.C
Isolation sensor 10 Fault I

2 13
.
Quiz

.
.
- Maximum Number of detectors per loop

Fire Alarm Repeater Panel

Repeater Panel
Repeater
Panel .
Repeater Panel loop
loops
.

.
Loop
.

The F.A.C.P Located in security man room
( ( FM 200&Water& CO2
M.M & CM
Fire strategy escapes routing

Exit Sign Exit 3 Lux 10 Lux
Locate Every 30 meter
-6

:
-1
-2
-3
loop data sheet -4
Voltage drop

0.8& 1.5& 2.5& 4 mm2 -5
2
mm1.5X2


2- Telephone System
Main Component of Telephone System
1. EPABX Electronic Private Automatic Branch eXchanger
]2. Main Distribution Frame [M.D.F
]3. Intermediate Distribution Frame [I.D.F
]Or Sub Distribution Frame [S.D.F
]Or Telephone Junction Box [T.J.B
4. Telephone Out Lets
5. Cables of Telephone
1- EPABX
Electronic Private Automatic Branch eXchange

:

.

.

...
.
...
PABX
. -1
-2
Auto Dialer -3

]2- Main Distribution Frame [M.D.F
EPABX
)(pairs
300 pairs
200 pairs
150 pairs
100 pairs
pairs .
]3- Intermediate Distribution Frame [I.D.F

]Or Sub Distribution Frame [S.D.F

] [S.D.F ] [S.D.F ] [M.D.F .
] [S.D.F )(pairs
5-10-15-20-30-40-50-60-70-80-90-100 pairs

4- Cables
Category
1. Cat 3 2. Cat 4
3. Cat 5 4. Cat 6
5. Cat 5e 6. Cat 6 e
.
.
0.63
0.64
0.65
0.66
0.610
0.615
0.620
0.625
0.630
0.640
0.650
0.6100
0.6150
0.6200
0.6250
5- Telephone Out Let, RJ 11


3- Date Network
wireless

]LAN [Local Area Network
(
(-
- ....)
.
Main element of Date Network:
1- DATA OUT LET
2- PATCH PANEL
3- DATA SWITCH
4- DATA CABLES

1- Data out let is RJ 45, and may be wireless
2- PATCH PANEL same as sub distribution frame in telephone

system.
Patch panel .
switch.
133
Switch.
Patch Panel
.
....
.... ....
133.
Patch Panel
Patch Panel
Patch Panel ...
Patch Panel ... Patch Cables.

3- Data Switch
May be
6 Port
12 Port
24 Port
36 Port
48 Port
Hub Switch:
hub
PCs PC
PCs IP address PC
) (IP address hub half
duplex (
) .
PC ,
hub .
switch ,
PCs
switch
hub
switch hub

4- DATA CABLES
CAT , Category
""
.
-1
.
-1 .
-3 .
-4 .
-5 .
-6
.
-7 .
-8 .
-9 .
-13 (
)
-11 .

CAT5 CAT5e CAT6

.
: 4 MBps 133

CAT5 , 4
MBps 433 CAT5
MBps 133
.
CAT 6 MBps 1333 CAT 6e
.
** 9 : CAT5 /CAT5e
133 , 133
( repeater / )
Switsch .
CAT6 133
1 Gbps , Gbps 13
55
repeaterSwitch .

4- Sound System
Main Component of sound system
1. Loudspeakers
Surface mounted
Recessed mounted
Wall mounted
Portable amplification [ Mega phone ]
2. Microphones (Wire- Wireless)
3. Power amplifiers
4. Matrix
5. Attenuators
6. Radio FM / AM
7. CD / DVD Player
8. Cables
9. Rack


1- Loudspeakers
1. Surface Mounted
A A

D = 2 (H-1) B
Where
H: - Height of speaker from floor
B: - Coefficient
D: - distance between two speakers
A: angle of Loudspeaker emission
A B
80 0.84
90 1
100 1.19
110 1.43
120 1.73
130 2.14

2. Wall mounted
5-6 m 5-6 m
H > 2m
Standard
3 6 Watt
3. Mega phone
Max 15 m
Standard
5 watt 10 watt 20 watt
2- Power amplifier
Power
amplifier =
.
Power amplifier
120 watt & 180 watt & 240 watt & 360 watt & 400 :
watt & 500 watt & 640 watt

3- Matrix
Matrix
1- Microphones
2- Radio FM / AM
3- CD / DVD Player
Depend on number of inputs and outputs and may be

Inputs 1, 2, 4, 8
Outputs 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 36, 48, 64
4- Attenuator (volume control)

Used to control of sound level

5- Rack

shielded cable twisted

] 5- Closed Circuit TV [ CCTV
Main element of CCTV

1. Camera
2. Video Matrix
3. ] Digital Video Recorder [ DVR
4. Monitor
5. Control Keypad
6. Cables
1- Types of Cameras
Fixed Camera -1
-a Dome Camera
- .
- .
- .
- .
- .
. -
- .
Box Camera -b
-
-
.
- .

.

Pan Tilt Zoom (PTZ) Cameras -2
.
- .
- .
-
.
- () 36
( ) 12 .
-
.
* Motorizing Camera

]]Outdoor
*Digital Recording Camera

. . .

Field of View (in feet)
Lens Viewable 5 feet away 10 feet away 15 feet away 25 feet away 50 feet away 100 feet away
Focal Angle Horiz. Vert. Horiz. Vert. Horiz. Vert. Horiz. Vert. Horiz. Vert. Horiz. Vert.
Length (Degrees)
(mm) Horiz. Vert.
Ch.: 1 Light Current

3.6 74 55 7.5 5.2 15.1 10.4 22.6 15.6 37.7 26.1 75.4 52.1 151 104

6.0 42 32 3.8 2.9 7.7 5.7 11.5 8.6 19.2 14.4 38.4 28.7 77 57
8.0 32 24 2.9 2.1 5.7 4.3 8.6 6.4 14.4 10.7 28.7 21.3 57 43
12.0 22 17 1.9 1.5 3.9 3.0 5.8 4.5 9.7 7.5 19.4 14.9 39 30
16.0 15 11 1.3 1.0 2.6 1.9 3.9 2.9 6.6 4.8 13.2 9.6 26 19
4A for Consultant and Training----35

:

2- Video Matrix = Multiplexer

Mix between cameras as Inputs.
64, 48, 24, 16, 9, 8, 4 Cameras
and screen Display as Output
48, 24, 16, 9, 8, 4 Output
Multiplexer
64 cameras Input and 16 Screen Display
16 camera Input and 8 Screen Display and so on
3- Digital Video Recorder [ DVR ]

DVR
DVD

.
Used Hard Disk Drive expandable [1Tera]
.May be 16 or 9 or 8 or 4 Input Camera from video matrix
4- Monitors
May be B / W or color
LCD monitor or any type
14 Inch or 17 or 19 or 21 or 24 Inch or up
*Control Keypad


5- Cables
& Tow-paired of size 2X0.8 mm2Twisted
Shielded
: FIBER OPTIC Cable

)2500 Feet( 750 m

.
Buffer Coating
- S.T(Straight-TIP), S.C,L.C connectors
CORE ( )
Cladding .
Multi / Single mode

mode

- Single mode
8-10 Microns 1310,1550 nm Laser
0.5 dB/KM
5 .
- Multi mode
- / 50/125 Microns 850nm1300 nm
/ 62.5/125 Microns 1300nm

1 .
CTV located at security man room
Fed from 220 V & 50 HZ AC Power Supply

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Contents of distribution book

Contents of distribution book 2 Power System Distribution

Contents of distribution book 3 Power System Distribution

Ch11: busbar trucking

Contents of distribution book 4 Power System Distribution

Diesel generator room sizing.

Contents of distribution book 5 Power System Distribution

Voltage drop calculation using (manual and Programs).

Contents of distribution book 6 Power System Distribution

Basic AutoCAD Commands

Ch1: AutoCAD 7 Power System Distribution

Roll the wheel forward Zoom In

Ch1: AutoCAD 8 Power System Distribution

(1) Line L + Enter

( )Format ( )Line Weight ()Display Line Weight

Ch1: AutoCAD 9 Power System Distribution

First point End point

Ch1: AutoCAD 10 Power System Distribution

5-Poly line PL + Enter

6-Polygon POL + Enter

Ch1: AutoCAD 11 Power System Distribution

)2 TOOLS . Drafting Setting

Ch1: AutoCAD 12 Power System Distribution

Ch1: AutoCAD 13 Power System Distribution

)2 TOOLS Drafting Setting .Polar Tracking Tab

Ch1: AutoCAD 14 Power System Distribution

Ch1: AutoCAD 15 Power System Distribution

Ch1: AutoCAD 16 Power System Distribution

11-divide div+ Enter DIV + Enter

Ch1: AutoCAD 17 Power System Distribution

12- Break Br + Enter

14- Aline Al + Enter

Ch1: AutoCAD 18 Power System Distribution

Ch1: AutoCAD 19 Power System Distribution

20- Dimension DI + Enter

23- Insert Block I + Enter

Ch1: AutoCAD 20 Power System Distribution

24- B count+ Enter

B Count + Enter Enter

Ch1: AutoCAD 21 Power System Distribution

( ( NEW LAYER LAYER .

) (SET LAYER LAYER

) (LAYER OFF LAYER

) (LAYER FREEZE LAYER LAYER

( ( UNISOLATE LAYER LAYER .

Ch1: AutoCAD 22 Power System Distribution

1- Luminaire Selection (From Catalogue)

To distribute any area must be specified the following:-

[1] Room Function

Lighting Level [LUX] Type of Luminaire

Get from standard code tables Get from Lighting Catalogue

Ch2: Lighting 23 Power System Distribution

Ch2: Lighting 24 Power System Distribution

Ch2: Lighting 25 Power System Distribution

[2] Room Dimension

? To know number of luminaires which achieve the suitable LUX.

Ch2: Lighting 26 Power System Distribution

Surface mounted ceiling

Recessed mounted ceiling

Ch2: Lighting 27 Power System Distribution

Ch2: Lighting 28 Power System Distribution

Gipson board mounted ceiling

[4] Work plane height