Linear Circuit Analysis (ELEN-1100)

Lecture # 21: Inductance and Capacitance

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Slide credits

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Contents
The capacitor
Example
Series and parallel combinations
Summary

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The capacitor
A capacitor can be constructed with two parallel
conducting plates separated by a distance d.
Electric charge is stored on these plates.
We assume a uniform electric field.
The gap within the plates is filled with a dielectric
e.g impregnated paper, mica, ceremics or even air.
Capacitors are designated with a term called
capacitance.
Capacitance depends on dielectric constant and
surface area of the plates and inversely proportional
to the distance between the plates.
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The capacitor
Capacitance is the measure of ability of a device to
store energy in the form of a separated charge or an
electric field.
Capacitor voltage varies as function of time.
Current in a capacitor is given as

Voltage across an capacitor cannot change

instantaneously. An infinite current is required to do
so.

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The capacitor
The voltage across a capacitor can be calculated as

to is called initial time

v(to) is called initial condition.
Energy stored in a capacitor is

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Example 7.2-1 [9th ed.] Dorf
Find the current for a capacitor C=1mF when the
voltage across capacitor is represented as follows.
clc
clear all;
close all;
t=0:0.001:2;
len=length(t);
for i=1:len
if t(i)>= 0 && t(i) <=1
z(i)=10*t(i);
elseif t(i)> 1 && t(i) <=2
z(i)=20-(10*t(i));
else
i=Cdv/dt end
z(i)=0;

end
figure,plot(t,z)

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Series and parallel combinations
Apply KVL
V=V1+V2+V3+..Vn
VL=Ldi/dt
V=(L1+L2+L3+..Ln)di/dt
In series inductance adds
Apply KCL
i=i1+i2+i3+in
iL=1/L int vdt
i=(1/L1+1/L2+1/L3+.. 1/Ln) int vdt
In shunt they are added just like resistance.
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Series and Parallel combinations
Using KCL
i=i1+i2+i3
Because in= Cndv/dt
i=C1dv/dt+C2dv/dt+C3dv/dt
i=(C1+C2+C3)dv/dt
Capacitors add in shunt
Using KVL
V=v1+v2+v3..+vn
Vc(t)=(1/Cn) int idt
V=(1/C1+ 1/C2+1/C3+..+ 1/Cn) int idt
Cite as: Hadeed Sher, course materials for ELEN-1100 Linear Circuit Analysis, Spring 2017. (http://pveducator.blogspot.com), Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering
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Summary

Ref: Mac Elwyn Van Valkenburg, 1955. Network analysis. Prentice Hall.

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Summary

Ref: Mac Elwyn Van Valkenburg, 1955. Network analysis. Prentice Hall.

Cite as: Hadeed Sher, course materials for ELEN-1100 Linear Circuit Analysis, Spring 2017. (http://pveducator.blogspot.com), Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering
and Information Technology. Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].
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Summary

Ref: Mac Elwyn Van

Valkenburg, 1955. Network
analysis. Prentice Hall.

Cite as: Hadeed Sher, course materials for ELEN-1100 Linear Circuit Analysis, Spring 2017. (http://pveducator.blogspot.com), Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering
and Information Technology. Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].
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Summary

Ref: Dorf, R.C. and Svoboda, J.A., 2010. Introduction to electric circuits. John Wiley & Sons.
Cite as: Hadeed Sher, course materials for ELEN-1100 Linear Circuit Analysis, Spring 2017. (http://pveducator.blogspot.com), Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering
and Information Technology. Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].
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