6.

5 : Natural Fuel Resources

Petroleum
Petroleum : thick, sticky black oil & usually found
trapped in the ground between 2 layers of non-
porous rocks
Natural gas
is found above
the surface
of the
petroleum
in the ground
Petroleum &
natural gas are
obtained by
drilling oil
wells into
the ground
Prepared by Ms Sue Soh
 6.5 : Natural Fuel Resources
Petroleum
Formed millions of years
ago when small
organisms living in the
sea died and settled at
the bottom of the sea
They were covered by
layers of sediment in the
sea High temperature &
pressure on the dead
organisms changed them
into petroleum
Petroleum : Mixture of
several hydrocarbons
which are separated
through fractional
distillation Prepared by Ms Sue Soh
 6.5 : Natural Fuel Resources
Fractional Distillation
of Petroleum
Fractional
distillation : A
process where
petroleum is
boiled & different
hydrocarbons are
distilled off at
different
temperatures
(different boiling
points)
Each separate
hydrocarbon is
called a fraction Prepared by Ms Sue Soh
 6.5 : Natural Fuel Resources
Fractional Distillation of Petroleum
The early
fractions :
Are clearer in
appearance Petroleum gas :
Are less viscous Cooking gas
Release less
carbon when
they burn
Make better fuels
First fraction :
Petroleum gas Petrol (gasoline) :
Last fraction : Vehicles fuel
Bitumen (residue
left)
Prepared by Ms Sue Soh
 6.5 : Natural Fuel Resources
Fractional Distillation of Petroleum
Some fractions which
have small molecules
are in bigger
demand : petrol &
kerosene Naphtha :
Some fractions which
Plas:cs & PVC
have large molecules
are broken up into
smaller molecules
which is called
cracking
Fractions obtained
must be treated
before they are sent Kerosene :
to the consumers Aircra> fuel
Prepared by Ms Sue Soh
 6.5 : Natural Fuel Resources
Fractional Distillation of Petroleum
Fractions obtained are
mainly used as fuels &
for making synthetic
materials :
Synthetic fibres (nylon,
rayon) Diesel oil :
Synthetic rubber Fuel for lorries & buses
plastics
Also used in :
Paints
Pesticides
Fertilizers
Acids
Polishes Lubrica:ng oil :
Detergents Lubricants
Explosives Prepared by Ms Sue Soh
 6.5 : Natural Fuel Resources
Contribution of Petroleum Industry to the
National Economy
Fuel oil :
About 75% of the Fuel for ships
total energy used in
Malaysia comes from
Petroleum
Main source of
energy
One of Msias main
export
Created other
industries such as
petrochemical
industries, shipping &
transport
Created more jobs Bitumen :
for people & attracts Road Surfacing
foreign investors Prepared by Ms Sue Soh
 6.5 : Natural Fuel Resources
Natural Gas
Is a mixture of gases
consist of methane,
propane, butane and
ethane
Found in Terengganu,
Sarawak and Sabah
Is stored under pressure
in liquid form (Liquid
Natural Gas or LNG) in
metal cylinders
In Bintulu, natural gas is
piped directly from the
oil fields to the consumers

Natural
g as + Oxygen
(hydrocarbon) Carbon
dioxide
+ Water Heat
+ energy
Prepared by Ms Sue Soh
 6.5 : Natural Fuel Resources
Natural Gas
Supplies 16 times
more energy
than petroleum
as it burns
completely
Does not pollute
the air as it
hardly produces
any soot
Liquid Petroleum
Gas (LPG) used
for cooking is
obtained from
the fractional
distillation of
petroleum
Prepared by Ms Sue Soh
 6.5 : Natural Fuel Resources
Coal
Formed from plants in swampy areas millions of
years ago
Plants died & buried by sediments Heat & high
temperature pressure on the dead plants change
them into a hard black solid, which is called coal
Is mainly hardened carbon contains oxygen,
sulphur & nitrogen
Prepared by Ms Sue Soh

 6.5 : Natural Fuel Resources
Coal
Is used for :
Dyes
Coke
Explosives
Paints
Fertilizers
Medicines
It is also use to
produce coal gas
as a fuel
Its not a good
fuel as produces a
lot of soot when
burnt which
pollutes the air
Prepared by Ms Sue Soh
 6.5 : Natural Fuel Resources
Efficient Way of Using Natural Fuel Resources
Petroleum,
natural gas &
coal : Non-
renewable
resources
We must
ensure they
are used
efficiently so
that they will
last as long as
possible
What are the
ways that we
can practice to
save fuel
resources? Prepared by Ms Sue Soh