PRINCIPLES OF BIOLOGY 1210

Final Exam: Cumulative Review Questions Part 1

1. Put the steps of the Scientific Method in order.

_5__ Analyze Data __3_ Design an Experiment

__4_ Collect Data __1_ Make Observations
__2_ Create a Hypothesis _6__ Review and Repeat

2. Explain the difference between a scientific theory and a hypothesis.

A theory is an accepted hypothesis, and addresses a more general

phenomenon.
A hypothesis is an educated guess, and addresses more specific observations.

3. A number of mosquito populations today are resistant to specific insecticides

that once were effective in killing them. Biologists believe that insecticide
resistance evolved in mosquitoes because ___c__

a. individual mosquitoes built up an immunity to an insecticide after being

exposed to it.
b. mosquitoes needed to develop insecticide resistance to survive after
the insecticide was used.
c. a few mosquitoes were probably resistant to the insecticide before it
was used. These survived to reproduce and now most mosquitoes in
the population are resistant to the chemical.
d. mosquitoes just keep getting stronger the more we try to control them.
e. mosquitoes are exceedingly clever.

4. A. The process of glycolysis occurs in what part of the cell?

a. nucleus c. cytoplasm
b. mitochondria d. ribosome

Glycolysis occurs in ALL bacteria / animals / plants. (circle all that

apply)

B. The processes of the Krebs (citric acid cycle) and the electron transport
chain occur in what part of the cell?

a. nucleus c. cytoplasm
b. mitochondria d. ribosome
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Krebs (citric acid) cycle and electron transport chain occur in ALL
bacteria / animals / plants. (circle all that apply)
5. Match the 4 molecules shown in the pictures with the macromolecule
category to which they belong (a.-d.).

a. carbohydrate c. nucleic acid

b. lipid d. protein

A. The molecule shown to the right is made up of 2

types of macromolecules.

The blobby part is categorized as a __protein___.

The chain of hexagons is categorized as a
_carbohydrate____.
The R-groups of the amino acids in this protein in
the region indicated by the arrow are likely to be

hydrophilic / hydrophobic. (circle one)

B. These strings of glucose molecules are categorized as __starch___

6. The following is net reaction for a cellular process.

C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy

A. The net reaction shown above is exergonic / endergonic (circle one).

B. This net reaction describes what happens during photosynthesis /

cellular respiration (circle one).
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C. The above reaction happens in which organelle in a cell?

a. chloroplast c. nucleus
b. mitochondria d. rough ER

7. Carbon dioxide moving across a membrane from an area of high

concentration to an area of low concentration is an example of _______.

a. active transport
b. diffusion
c. osmosis

8. A. Where is the energy stored in ATP? Energy is stored in the last high
energy phosphate bond

B. Is this chemical, potential, and/or kinetic energy? (circle ALL that

apply)
 PRINCIPLES OF BIOLOGY 1210
Name _____________________________

9. Below are cartoons of the four main steps of mitosis. Put the pictures in
order by numbering them, from the 1st to the 4th step, on the lines below
each picture.

___3__ ___2__ _1____ __4___

10. Here are cartoons showing the two types of cell division. Label each as
Mitosis or Meiosis on the lines below the cartoons.

mitosis meiosis

11. Write the complementary DNA strand in the correct orientation, next to the
strand below. Make sure that you correctly label the 3 and 5 ends.

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5 C-A-G-G-A-C-T-A-T-A-C-A-T 3
3G-U-C-C-U-G-A-U-A-U-G-U-A 5

12. In a population of polar bears, which bear would be considered the fittest,
evolutionarily?

a. the bear that blends in with its environment the best

b. the bear that leaves the most descendants
c. the bear with the fewest mutations
d. the biggest bear
e. the strongest, fiercest bear

13. A fungus reproduces by making gametes that have flagella. In what kind of
environment does this fungus reproduce? Gametes with flagella swim in
water, which means the fungus reproduces in water.

14. Use the definitions of mitosis and meiosis to answer the following
questions. The figure below shows the process called alternation of
generations. In this figure cell division happens at many points in the life
cycle of this organism. These points are labeled with circled numbers.

A. The process that occurs in the step labeled 1 is mitosis / meiosis

(circle one).

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 PRINCIPLES OF BIOLOGY 1210

B. The process that occurs in the steps labeled 2 and 3 is mitosis / meiosis
(circle one)

15. Which of the following organisms has the highest surface area/volume ratio?

a. bacterium c. human
b. elephant d. shrew

16. Which of the following is the BEST definition of meiosis?

a. Meiosis always makes gametes.

b. Meiosis leads to the production of glucose.
c. Meiosis makes cells that are identical to the parent cell.
d. Meiosis makes cells with half as much genetic material.

17. The first self-replicating molecules on Earth were thought to be

a. carbohydrates, specifically glucose.

b. lipids, specifically phospholipids.
c. nucleic acids, specifically RNA.
d. proteins, specifically prions.

18. What is the difference between muscle cells and liver cells?

a. These cells are expressing different genes

b. These cells genes are in a different order
c. These cells genes are replicated differently
d. These cells have different gene sequences

19. Life on earth probably appeared in which order?

a. Photosynthetic bacteria, anaerobic bacteria, aerobic bacteria,

eukaryotic cells.
b. Eukaryotic cells, photosynthetic bacteria, aerobic bacteria, anaerobic
bacteria.
c. Anaerobic bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, aerobic bacteria,
eukaryotic cells.

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d. Aerobic bacteria, eukaryotic cells, photosynthetic bacteria, anaerobic
bacteria.

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20. Fever can be dangerous to your body. Explain what happens to proteins when they
get too hot. Proteins denaturize with heat and begin to unfold, and when they are
unfolded they do not function right. Which is bad for your body because proteins are
vital to survival.

21. Match the human ailment to the group contains the pathogen that causes the
problem. Groups may be used more than once.

___B_ E. coli infection

___E_ Flu a. Animals
__C__ Fuzzy strawberries b. Bacteria
__E__ HIV c. Fungi
___A_ Lice d. Protists
___D_ Malaria (not the carrier, the pathogen) e. Viruses
__C_ Yeast infection

Which of these is/are true about a cells plasma membrane?

T / F The center of the membrane is hydrophilic and the outsides are

hydrophobic.
T / F The membrane is fluid as opposed to static.