Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Introduction
Dummy terminology
Todays dummy family
Frontal impact dummies
Hybrid III & THOR comparison
Dummy issues
Comparison of rear impact dummies
1
Harald Zellmer, Dummy Design and Issues , New Delhi, December 2010
Introduction
Dummy terminology
Todays dummy family
Frontal impact dummies
Hybrid III & THOR comparison
Dummy issues
Comparison of rear impact dummies
Introduction to Dummies
What is a dummy?
Dummies are mechanical surrogates of the human body.
Thus, they are also called:
2
Harald Zellmer, Dummy Design and Issues , New Delhi, December 2010
Introduction
Dummy terminology
Todays dummy family
Frontal impact dummies
Hybrid III & THOR comparison
Dummy issues
Comparison of rear impact dummies
Dummy Terminology
Percentile
Anthropometry
Biofidelity
Measuring capability
Repeatability
Reproducibility
Durability
Sensitivity
Simplicity and ease of use
3
Harald Zellmer, Dummy Design and Issues , New Delhi, December 2010
Percentile
Percentile
Sizes of adult dummies
are expressed as
Percentiles
5th percentile
Example:
4
Harald Zellmer, Dummy Design and Issues , New Delhi, December 2010
Percentile
Anthropometry
Dummies should have and duplicate the
following:
5
Harald Zellmer, Dummy Design and Issues , New Delhi, December 2010
Biofidelity
Biofidelity
DUMMIES SHOULD:
Duplicate the biomechanical
response behaviour of a living
human exposed to the same
impact conditions
ACHIEVED BY:
Dummy matching the human
cadaver test corridor response
6
Harald Zellmer, Dummy Design and Issues , New Delhi, December 2010
Corridors
Measuring Capability
Appropriate forces
Deflections
Accelerations
7
Harald Zellmer, Dummy Design and Issues , New Delhi, December 2010
Durability
Durable Exceptions:
8
Harald Zellmer, Dummy Design and Issues , New Delhi, December 2010
Environmental Sensitivity
Be easy to calibrate
Be readily repairable
9
Harald Zellmer, Dummy Design and Issues , New Delhi, December 2010
Introduction
Dummy terminology
Todays dummy family
Frontal impact dummies
Hybrid III & THOR comparison
Dummy issues
Comparison of rear impact dummies
CRABI BioRID
3, 6,12, 18 month
RID2
Hybrid 3
3, 6, 10 year old Other
TNO Pedestrian
P series (P0, P3/4, P3, P10)
Q series
10
Harald Zellmer, Dummy Design and Issues , New Delhi, December 2010
Hybrid III
AUTOLIV / Dr. H. Zellmer / New Delhi 2010 - 21 - Dummies
11
Harald Zellmer, Dummy Design and Issues , New Delhi, December 2010
WorldSID
SIDIIs
12
Harald Zellmer, Dummy Design and Issues , New Delhi, December 2010
Introduction
Dummy terminology
Todays dummy family
Frontal impact dummies
Hybrid III & THOR comparison
Dummy issues
Comparison of rear impact dummies
13
Harald Zellmer, Dummy Design and Issues , New Delhi, December 2010
Standardized design
Repeatability possible
Developed in 1971
NHTSA Contract to GM & ARL (FTSS)
Improved Biomechanical Response
Based on previous VIP designs
Measurements in Head, Chest and Knee
Repeatable, durable and serviceable
Used for airbag testing 1972 to 1973
1973 - Adopted into Code of Federal Regulations
Still in use for Aircraft Seat Testing - FAA
14
Harald Zellmer, Dummy Design and Issues , New Delhi, December 2010
15
Harald Zellmer, Dummy Design and Issues , New Delhi, December 2010
16
Harald Zellmer, Dummy Design and Issues , New Delhi, December 2010
17
Harald Zellmer, Dummy Design and Issues , New Delhi, December 2010
Repeatability of performance
18
Harald Zellmer, Dummy Design and Issues , New Delhi, December 2010
AUTOLIV / Dr. H. Zellmer / New Delhi 2010 - 37 - Source: Prof. Norbert Schaub, Dummies
Mercedes Benz Cars
THOR: Instrumentation
19
Harald Zellmer, Dummy Design and Issues , New Delhi, December 2010
Introduction
Dummy terminology
Todays dummy family
Frontal impact dummies
Hybrid III & THOR comparison
Dummy issues
Comparison of rear impact dummies
same weight 78 kg
20
Harald Zellmer, Dummy Design and Issues , New Delhi, December 2010
2. Design
- spine
- thorax
- abdomen
about 110 mm
about 35 mm
21
Harald Zellmer, Dummy Design and Issues , New Delhi, December 2010
HIII THOR
22
Harald Zellmer, Dummy Design and Issues , New Delhi, December 2010
Introduction
Dummy terminology
Todays dummy family
Frontal impact dummies
Hybrid III & THOR comparison
Dummy issues
Comparison of rear impact dummies
Dummy Issues
Temperature sensitivity
Belt path sensitivity
Chest deflection in test and calibration
Repeatability & reproducibility
23
Harald Zellmer, Dummy Design and Issues , New Delhi, December 2010
Temperature Sensitivity
NHTSA report DOT HS 806 722
State-of-the-art Dummy Selection
Author: Saul, R.A. - December 1984
Chest deflection temperature
sensitivity
Hybrid II
18.3C -6%
22.2C reference 25mm
26.7C +3%
Hybrid III
18.3C -15%
22.2C reference 32mm
26.7C +27%
Hybrid III chest deflection
sensitivity 5%/C
Temperature Sensitivity
24
Harald Zellmer, Dummy Design and Issues , New Delhi, December 2010
3
Belt in upper position
Belt in mid position
Belt in lower position
Belt Force in kN
13 mm 18 mm
@ 2 kN @ 2 kN
0
0 10 20
Chest Deflection in mm
AUTOLIV / Dr. H. Zellmer / New Delhi 2010 - 50 - Dummies
25
Harald Zellmer, Dummy Design and Issues , New Delhi, December 2010
upper pos.: 21 mm
mid pos. : 36 mm
Chest deflection:
lower pos.: 39 mm
AUTOLIV / Dr. H. Zellmer / New Delhi 2010 - 51 - Dummies
26
Harald Zellmer, Dummy Design and Issues , New Delhi, December 2010
calibration range
passenger airbag upper limit calibration
Test Center
Comparison
DS_ches3
ASG
16.08.1999 Plot: 3
Dummy A
1910289_4G0C0001_SCHLITTEN_VOR
Chest deflection
0098 0099 (HIII 50%)
0109
35
30
25
20
lower limit calibration
calibration range
15
Unit [mm]
10 Dummy B
5
0
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18
Unit []
Eriksson, L.; Zellmer, H.: Proceedings of Assessing the BioRID II Repeatability and Reproducibility by Applying the Objective
Rating Method (ORM) on Rear-End Sled Tests. Proceedings of 20th ESV Conference, Lyon, France, June 2007.
Eriksson, L.; Sundmark, H.; Zellmer, H.; Fograscher, K.; Drexl, B.; van Slagmaat, M.: Using the Objective Rating Method (ORM)
as a quality assessment tool for physical tests, test methods, and mathematical models. Proceedings of 21st ESV Conference,
Stuttgart, Germany, June 2009.
27
Harald Zellmer, Dummy Design and Issues , New Delhi, December 2010
Introduction
Dummy terminology
Todays dummy family
Frontal impact dummies
Hybrid III & THOR comparison
Dummy issues
Comparison of rear impact dummies
28
Harald Zellmer, Dummy Design and Issues , New Delhi, December 2010
29
Harald Zellmer, Dummy Design and Issues , New Delhi, December 2010
T2 T1
Direction of
T3 Travel
T4
C
A Deceleration Corridor
Test Set Up
30
Harald Zellmer, Dummy Design and Issues , New Delhi, December 2010
Scope
31
Harald Zellmer, Dummy Design and Issues , New Delhi, December 2010
Description Seats
Conventional seat, actual design 2, 6, 7, 8, 10, 13
Conventional seat, older design (produced mid 1990th) 11, 12
Seat with neck protection system 1, 4, 9
Sports car seat 5
Bucket seat 3
Table 1: Description of the seats used for the comparison tests.
Stiff Rubber
Multiple Joints
Solid
32
Harald Zellmer, Dummy Design and Issues , New Delhi, December 2010
NIC
40
30
NIC B ioRID
20
10
0
0 10 20 30 40
NIC HIII(TRID)
33
Harald Zellmer, Dummy Design and Issues , New Delhi, December 2010
Head acceleration
30
BL
25 BF
ax BioRID
[g] 20
15
10 HIII(TRID)
5
0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
t [ms]
30
BioRID [Nm]
20
10
0
0 10 20 30 40
HIII(TRID) [Nm]
34
Harald Zellmer, Dummy Design and Issues , New Delhi, December 2010
3
BioRID [m/s]
0
0 1 2 3 4
HIII (TRID) [m/s]
35
Harald Zellmer, Dummy Design and Issues , New Delhi, December 2010
Introduction
Dummy terminology
Todays dummy family
Frontal impact dummies
Hybrid III & THOR comparison
Dummy issues
Comparison of rear impact dummies
Useful Links
Governmental Information:
www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/departments/nrd-51/THORAdv/THORAdv.htm
www.eevc.org/publicdocs/WG12_THOR_workshop_report_May_2006.pdf
www.gesacinc.com/
www.humaneticsatd.com
36