STHS 2015 Chemistry Preliminary Examination.

Marking Guidelines and model Answers.

Part A Multiple Choice

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2
0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0
C B C C C A C B A A B B D D C A A C C A

Part B

FAULDER
21.a.
Marking Criteria Marks
Both equations correct 2
One equation correct 1
Suggested Answer:

2Na(s) + 2H2O(l) 2NaOH(aq) + H2(g)

2Na(s) + 2HCl(aq) 2NaCl(aq) + H2(g)

21.b.
Marking Criteria Marks
Equation correct 1
Suggested Answer:

Na Na+ + e-
22
Marking Criteria Marks
Compares and contrasts the molecular shape, bonding and BP of 3
H2O and H2S, and includes a correct electron dot diagram.
Response contains both similarities and differences.
Describes the structure, bonding and BP of H2O and H2S 2
OR
Describes the structure and bonding of H2O and H2S, and
includes a correct electron dot diagram.
Describes the structure and/or bonding and/or properties of H2O 1
or H2S or correct diagram
Suggested Answer

Molecular Shape: Both are bent due to the two pairs of nonbonding electrons in oxygen and
sulfur.

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Bonding: Similarity - The hydrogen atoms are bonded to the O or S atom through covalent
single bonds, where each bond contains one electron from each of the atoms in the bond.
Both molecules have dispersion forces between them, and both are polar.

Differences. Oxygen is more electronegative than sulfur so water is capable of hydrogen

bonding, which is stronger than dipole-dipole interactions of hydrogen sulfide.
Boiling Point
Boiling point of water is higher than that of hydrogen sulfide due to the hydrogen bonding.

23.a.
Marking Criteria Marks
Correct Element chosen and corresponding reason 2
Correct element but incorrect reason OR 1
Incorrect element but correct reason
Suggested Answer:

Either B or C because they are malleable and conduct electricity

23.b.
Marking Criteria Marks
Correct element and reason 2
Correct element but incorrect reason OR 1
Incorrect element but correct reason
Suggested Answer:

D as is melting point is -101 C. All other elements are solid at room temperature

23.c.
Marking Criteria Marks
Correct balanced equation and correctly refers to it to give 2
volume of hydrogen gas required
Correct balanced equation OR 1
Correct volume of hydrogen stated
Suggested Answer:

N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g)

From stoichiometry of equation 300 mL of hydrogen is required

24.a.
Marking Criteria Marks
Correctly calculates mass of Mg and O 3
Correctly calculates moles
Determines empirical formula
Correctly calculates two of above 2
Correctly calculates one of above 1

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Suggested Answer:

Mass of Mg = 32.63 - 32.14 = 0.49 g

Mass of MgO = 32.95 - 32.14 = 0.81
Mass of O = 0.81 - 0.49 = 0.32
Mg : O
Mass 0.49 : 0.32
Moles 0.49/24.31 : 0.32/16
0.020156 : 0.02
Simplest 1 : 1

Empirical formula is MgO

24b.
Marking Criteria Marks
Recognises oxygen in air is O2 2
Calculates mass correctly
Uses mass of O calculated above 1
Suggested Answer

Mass of O atoms = 0.32 therefore the mass of O2 = 0.32/2 = 0.16g

25.a.
Marking Criteria Marks
Correct description of trend with reference to Na and Ar. 2
Correct description of trend Or compares Na and Ar only 1
Suggested Answer:

Ionisation energy is the energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous atom of an
element. The first ionisation energy generally increases across a period from left to right.
Thus Na has the lowest value and Ar has the highest value.

25.b
Marking Criteria Marks
Explains the trend down group VII with reference to elements 3
Describes the trend down group VII with reference to elements 2
Identifies trend Or gives examples 1
Suggested Answer:

Electronegativity is a measure of the ability of an atom to attract bonding electrons towards

itself and form compounds.
Electronegativity decreases down a group because each element going down has another
electron shell. This greater distance between the protons and the outer electrons decreases the
ability to attract electrons. Therefore F is more electronegative than iodine.

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26.
Marking Criteria Marks
Defines a decomposition reaction and describes two examples of 3
this type of reaction the student has observed, including the
energy needed to decompose the compound.
Includes a relevant chemical equation.
Defines a decomposition reaction and describes one example of 2
this type of reaction the student has observed, including the
energy needed to decompose the compound.
Defines a decomposition reaction OR 1
Describes an example of this type of reaction the student has
observed, including the energy needed to decompose the
compound
OR includes a relevant chemical equation of a decomposition
reaction.

Decomposition reactions involve breaking a more complex chemical into simpler

components. Two ways that this can be done are by strongly heating a compound or by
electrical energy: (or exposing to uv light)

Thermal decomposition
Heat 1g copper(II) carbonate in a test tube with a Bunsen burner. It decomposed into CuO
and CO2:
CuCO3 (s) CuO (s) + CO2 (g)
Electrolytic Decomposition
We also used electrolysis to decompose water into hydrogen and oxygen in a voltameter. This
process uses electricity to break the chemical bonds in the water.
2H2O (l) 2H2 (g) + O2(g)
Photolytic decomposition
Silver chloride was prepared by adding 5mL 0.1 mol/L silver nitrate to 5mL 0.1 mol/L
potassium chloride. Silver chloride precipitated was exposed to UV light and it turned dark
grey as silver was deposited.
2AgCl(s) 2Ag(s) + Cl2(g)

(NOTE: Outline a method usually means numbered steps with substance, quantities and
equipment. As this was only worth 3 marks, the marking was more lenient)

27.
Marking Criteria Marks
Gives reasons why Al should be recycled AND 2
Gives a judgement
Gives reasons why Al should be recycled OR 1
Gives judgement
Suggested Answer:

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Recycling helps conserve valuable metal resources and avoids the environmental damage
resulting from mining and the discharge of pollutants to the atmosphere. Aluminium requires
5 times more energy to mine than is does to obtain the same mass of metal by recycling.
Judgement: Therefore Al and other metals should be recycled.
CARRINGTON
28 a.
Marking Criteria Marks
Identifies process 1

Suggested Answer:
Fractional distillation
28b.
Marking Criteria Marks
Correctly describes filtration and distillation with the 2
addition of water
Correctly describes filtration or distillation with the addition 1
of water

Suggested Answer:
1 Enough water was added to cover the mixture containing X(solid), Y (liquid) and Z
(solid)

2 The mixture was poured through a folded filter paper that was placed in a filter funnel
that was supported in a filter ring attached to a retort stand.

3 The residue was collected and dried

4 The filtrate containing X(solution) and Y (liquid) was then separated using the process
of distillation.

29.
Marking Criteria Marks
Explains the difference between two properties of diamond and 3
graphite in terms of structure and bonding.
Explains the difference between one property of diamond and 2
graphite in terms of structure and bonding, and outlines one
other difference.
Outlines the difference between two properties of diamond and 1
graphite in terms of structure and bonding.

Suggested Answer:

Diamond and graphite have different electrical conductivity and hardness because of their
structure and bonding. In diamond each C atom is covalently bonded to 4 others in a
tetrahedral arrangement, forming 6 membered rings in a 3D giant covalent lattice. All of the
valence electrons are involved in forming bonds. Because of the strength of the covalent
bonding throughout the lattice, the substance is extremely strong, and finds application in
industrial drills and saws. The lack of electrical conductivity is because there are no

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delocalised, mobile electrons in the structure to carry an electric charge. Graphite on the other
hand is composed of 2D layers of carbon atoms arranged in 6 membered rings, and there is
one electron per carbon atom not involved in bonding. These are delocalised between the
layers, and mobile, and this is what results in the electrical conductivity of graphite. Graphite
is softer than diamond because the 2D layers can slide over each other, and because not all of
the atoms in the structure are connected to the entire lattice. Only the atoms in the 2D layers
are connected by covalent bonds.

30a.
Marking Criteria Marks
Identifies observations and correctly identifies the gas 2
produced
Identifies the gas or one observation 1

Suggested Answer:
Hydrogen gas was produced and small bubbles of gas were produced and there was twice as
much volume of gas produced as compared to the other electrode.
The test used was the hydrogen pop test, where a flame was brought close to the gas being
tested and a distinctive pop is heard.
30b.
Marking Criteria Marks
Identifies observations and correctly identifies the gas 2
produced
Identifies the gas or one observation 1

Suggested Answer:
Oxygen gas was produced and large bubbles of gas were produced and there was half as
much volume of gas produced as compared to the other electrode.
The test used was the glowing splint test, where a piece of wood that is quickly extinguished
was brought close to the gas being tested and it is readily ignited
31a.
Marking Criteria Marks
Identifies X,Y and Z 2
Identifies X,Y or Z 1

Suggested Answer:
X: Pb(NO)3 Y: CaCl2..........................................Z: HCl
31b.
Marking Criteria Marks
Correctly writes the NET ionic equation 1
Suggested Answer:
Pb2+ + 2Cl- PbCl2(s)

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NOYES
32.a.
Marking Criteria Marks
Accurately plots data for both compounds 4
Draws 2 line graphs, including axes titles, suitable scales and a
key.
Draws a satisfactory graph of the data, with one or two errors in 2-3
the presentation of the graph.
Makes a limited attempt at graphing the data, including at least 1
ONE correct feature of the graph.
Suggested Answer:
(NOTE: the line of best fit should be a smooth line)

32.b.
Marking Criteria Marks
Explains why the acid took longer to react. 2
Identifies the acid was less concentrated and took longer to react. 1
Suggested Answer

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The less concentrated acid took longer to react and produce the 30 mL of CO2 (g). This is
because there are less acid particles available to react and therefore less chance of collisions
and product (gas) being formed.

33.a.
Marking Criteria Marks
Correct answer 1

but-1-ene

33.b.
Marking Criteria Marks
Discusses the benefits and limitations of the model (two of 3
each),
identifies how it can be used to derive the correct name of the
compound
Writes a judgement
Discusses at least one benefit and one limitation of the model, 2
and uses it to derive the correct name of the compound.
OR
Discusses the benefits or limitations of the model (two).
OR
Writes a Judgement
Identifies one benefit or limitation of the model. 1
OR
Writes a judgement

Judgement:
The model shown in Figure 2 is very useful because it allows the molecule to be visualised
despite its size.
One of the main benefits of the 3D model is that it can be flipped over, so that the student
can see that the molecule is really 1-butene, and not 3-butene. It shows the difference
between a double bond and a single bond, and shows how the single bonded carbon has a
tetrahedral structure, whereas the double bonded carbon has a planar structure. It also shows
that the double C=C bond does not rotate, but the single C-C bond does. The model has some
limitations though, such as the relative sizes of H and C not being accurate, and the electrons
in the bonds are not visualised.

34.a.
Marking Criteria Marks
Correct balanced equation with states 1
Correct balanced equation with no states 0.5
Suggested Answer:
States are always marked in combustion, precipitation and redox!

C2H6(g) + 7/2 O2(g) 2CO2(g) + 3H2O(l)

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34.b.
Marking Criteria Marks
Identifies a problem 1
Suggested Answer:
Toxic CO(g) is produced

(Harmful is a motherhood statement & must be backed up with toxic or pollutant)

35.a.
Marking Criteria Marks
Identifies endothermic reaction 1
Suggested Answer:
Endothermic

35.b.
Marking Criteria Marks
Correct value of EA read off graph 1
Suggested Answer:
30 kJ

23.c.
Marking Criteria Marks
Line drawn to show lower EA 1

Suggested Answer:

9
.

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