CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction
Air pollution and strong odors coming from the swine operations may affect the

health of people who live nearby, especially in terms of high blood pressure. High blood

pressure is a risk factor for stroke and other cardio vascular disease (Wing, Horton &

Rose, 2012).

Research has found that 500 finishing pigs produce nearly 3,000 cubic feet of

manure a month, which is over 265,000 gallons a year (www.extension.purdue.edu). And

it endlessly increasing year by year as a swine producers double their numbers. Total

swine inventory in the country as of January 1, 2016 was 12.48 million heads

(psa.gov.ph).

Most piggeries implement in adequate waste management systems that

contaminate surface water, the odors that produces became air pollutants (American

SAMOA Environmental Protection Agency, 2008).

With the growth of swine population and the increase of waste materials, storage

and disposal of this material, swine producers capability to adopt the biogas digester will

evaluate to reduce and make the swine manure functional.

Having an evaluation of Swine Management System among swine producers in

San Ildefonso, Bulacan area, it can identify the knowledge and the needs of swine

producers on their waste management system.

In addition, analyzing biogas digester provides a different way of converting

waste material in to a valuable one. Biogas digester can turn organic waste into a valuable

1
source of renewable energy reduce odors and other environmental concern

(www.cleanenergyresourceteams.org).

The present study can help determine the capability of a swine producers in San

Ildefonso, Bulacan, to adopt biogas digester method. The result of this study can serve as

a basis for future swine producers to implement effective design of swine house together

with biogas digester to address the problem regarding to waste management system and

can help reduce environmental and health conditions.

Objectives of the Study

The study aims to evaluate the waste management system among swine producers

in San Ildefonso, Bulacan.

Specifically, it aims to:

1. describe the waste management system of swine producers;

2. determine the awareness of swine producers in proper waste management; and

3. evaluate the capability of swine raisers to adopt biogas digester.

Scope and Limitations of the Study

This study determines the waste management system in different swine raisers

within San Ildefonso, Bulacan area. A total of (40) forty swine raisers with the minimum

of one hundred (100) heads of swine from Akle, Anyatam, Alagao, Bohol na Mangga,

Bulusukan, Macapilapil, San Juan, Lapnit, Telepatio, Calasag, Calawitan, Sapang Dayap,

Pinaod, Basuit, Sapang Putik, Umpucan, Upig, Sumandig, Bagong Barrio, Sta. Catalina

2
Bata, and Sta. Catalina Matanda as respondent of the study. The study was conducted

during the second semester S.Y. 2016-2017.

3
 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Waste Management System

To meet the needs of American Samoas rapidly growing population, land and

water resources must be effectively managed. This includes pig waste management,

which has gone largely unregulated in American Samoa. As a result, most piggeries

implement inadequate waste management systems that contaminate surface water, which

in turn contaminates our groundwater, drinking water, beaches, coral reefs and does

impact public health or the environment (American Samoa Environmental Protection

Agency).

Workability of the adopted environmental audit system will help swine raisers to

be aware of the associated relative risk with their present waste management practices.

The factsheets will provide management options to reduce the environmental burdens

associated with waste management. A survey of swine raisers perceptions towards the

technologies will aid technology developers to improve these technologies to be more

socially appropriate for the users (Padura & Alcantara, 2014).

In addition, it will address the associated risk for each aspect from defecation of

the animal until utilization through material and energy cycling. Storage of animal waste

is very important to prevent any adverse effects to the environment. Proper storage could

prevent odor nuisance and surface water and groundwater contamination. It is very

important for the swine farm owners to properly manage manure to prevent degradation

of the soil, water and air quality (Padura & Alcantara, 2014).

4
Biogas

Biogas is about 55-77 percent methane and therefore can make an excellent

energy source (www.cleanenergyresourceteams.org). If the house plants work properly

they can produce yearly around 2.98 billion Cumec biogas amounting to standard coal

2.13 million tones (csanr.wsu.edu).

Biogas digester

Biogas digesters transform a manure into renewable energy that can be used for

lighting and cooking. The fine particles of manure remaining from this course is can be

used to enrich crop yields (http://www.myclimate.org).

Framework of the study

In many countries, sustainable waste management as well as waste prevention and

reduction have become major political priorities, representing an important share of the

common efforts to reduce pollution and greenhouse gas emissions and to mitigate global

climate changes. Uncontrolled waste dumping is no longer acceptable today and even

controlled landfill disposal and incineration of organic wastes are not considered optimal

practices as environmental standards (biogashandbook, 2008).

By identifying the waste management system and determining the awareness of

swine producers in proper waste management, the researchers would know the possibility

of being capable to make a biogas digester. Biogas digesters can turn organic wastes from

are farms, factories and cities into a valuable source of renewable energy

(www.cleanenergyresourceteams.org).

5
 Digester is one of the most established technologies for processing waste organic

(University of Illinois, 2014)

Evaluation of
Waste
management
System Among
Swine producers
in San Ildefonso,
Bulacan Determining the
Identification of awareness of
the waste swine producers
management in proper waste
management
Evaluate
the
capability of
swine
raisers to
adopt
biogas
digester
Figure 1. Paradigm of the study

6
 CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

Research Design

Descriptive research method is used to find out the waste management system of

swine producers in San Ildefonso, Bulacan and to determine the capability to adopt

biogas digester. Using descriptive research it enables the researchers to know the extent

of knowledge of swine raisers in waste management systems.

Sampling Procedure

Total of forty (40) swine raisers were chosen purposively from the list of swine

producers that were given by the Department of Agriculture Office, in San Ildefonso,

Bulacan.

Data Gathering Techniques

In each swine raisers chosen purposively from the list of swine producers given

by the Department of Agriculture Office in San Ildefonso, Bulacan. The researchers

provide a survey sheet. The papers are filled by the respondents and it serves as a data

gathered by the researchers.

Data Analysis Scheme

The data gathered were treated using the following statistical tool:

x=
N
n

7
where:

x = the mean

N = the summation of value of each item x

n = number of items

and

s=
f ( xxm )
N

where:

s = the standard deviation

f ( x xm) = summation of the subtracted mean to the mean of each item

N = no. of respondents

8
Reference

Wing, Horton & Rose, (2012). Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1205109

Purdue Extension (2010). Renewable Energy. Retrieved from https://ag.purdue.edu/

extension/renewable-energy.html

Philippine Statistics Authority (2016). Retrieved from http://psa.gov.ph/livestock-poultry-

iprs/swine/inventory.html

American SAMOA Environmental Protection Agency., (2008). Piggery and Waste

Use/Disposal System Guidelines.

Clean energy resource team. Biogas Digester. Designing a Clean Energy Future: A
Resource Manual. www.cleanenergyresourceteams.org

Padura & Alcantara, (2014). International Conference on Agriculture, Food and

Environmental Engineering (ICAFEE2014)

Anaerobic Digestion (Biogas). Center for Sustaining Agriculture and Natural

Resources. Retrieved from http://csanr.wsu.edu/anaerobic-digestion.html

Dan, T. (2017). Renewables and efficiency featured at the 2017 Midwest Farm Energy
Conference. Interest in reducing the energy consumption of livestock has certainly
grown, not only from a consumers perspective, but also from producersfor both
cost-saving and environmental reasons. Retrived from
http://www.cleanenergyresourceteams.org/blog/renewables-and-efficiency-
featured-2017-midwest-farm-energy-conference.html

CERTs Blog (2017). CERTs Blog | Clean Energy Resource Teams. Retrieved from
http://www.cleanenergyresourceteams.org/blog/renewables-and-efficiency-
featured-2017-midwest-farm-energy-conference.html

Teodorita et al,. (2008) biogasHANDBOOK, retrieved from http://lemvigbiogas.com

University of Illinois, (2014). South Farms Anaerobic Digester. Feasibility Study Final
Report. Affiliated Engineers, Inc.

9
 CHAPTER IV

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The tables below provides the high and low information of swine producers on

their practice, awareness and their capability to adapt the biogas digester. Also it includes

the demographic profile and academic level of the producer.

Waste Management System

Table 1 represents most and least practice of the swine producers of their waste

management system. The usual practice that manage the waste of their swine is said to be

the making of their pigs to digest the food faster. Good feed is necessary for growth, body

maintenance and the production of meat and milk (Farmers Handbook in pig Production,

2009). And watering the waste has the least practice because, the consequences of

piggery farm are increasing public concern particularly, water waste because of its high

pollutant potential (Iwai & Ta-oun, 2009).

Using the range below it identifies the result in tables.

1.00 1.75 Always

1.76 2.5 Often

2.51 3.25 Sometimes

3.26 4.00 Never

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Table 1. Practice of Waste Management System

Verbal
Mean Std. Deviation Interpretation
Sweeping the waste 2.05 1.203 Often
Flowing Water into the waste 1.43 .926 Always
Flowing Waste through Septic Tank 1.81 1.289 Often
Waste Shoveling 2.29 1.347 Often
Flowing through the well 2.05 1.431 Often
Used as an Fertilizer 2.90 1.221 Sometimes
Feeding pigs depends on their age 1.57 1.028 Always
Fast digesting of foods 3.33 1.197 Sometimes
Used of Slatted Flooring 2.76 1.446 Sometimes

Table 2 represents the awareness of the swine producers about waste management

of their farm. It indicates that using a waste of swine as fertilizer was the proper waste

management. Using the swine waste as fertilizer which composed of organic compound

or phosphorus compounds as well as constituents of the liquid fraction, such as nitrogen

compounds and minerals in the form of oxides of Sodium, Potassium and Magnesium has

surpass the receiving capability of farms (CHEMIK, 2011).

Using the range below it identifies the result in tables.

1.00 1.75 Extremely Agree

1.76 2.5 Agree

2.51 3.25 Disagree

3.26 4.00 Extremely Disagree

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Table 2. Awareness of Proper Waste Mangement

Verbal
Mean Std. Deviation Interpretation
Power Sprayer should be used in waste 1.67 .796 Extremely Agree

Waste should be flow through Septic Tank 1.24 .436 Extremely Agree

Waste should be watered 1.52 .602 Extremely Agree

Waste should be sweep 1.57 .598 Extremely Agree

Waste should be flow through the well 1.67 .856 Extremely Agree

Waste should be used as fertilizer 2.00 .707 Agree

Waste should be recycled as gas 1.71 .717 Extremely Agree

Feeding pigs should depends on their age 1.38 .590 Extremely Agree

Biogas Digester

Table 3 represents the capability of swine producers to produce or to build a

biogas digester that would help them to recycle the waste into a renewable source of

energy. The swine producers are lack of resources to provide the needs of building a

biogas digester on their farm.

Using the range below it identifies the result in tables.

1.00 1.75 Extremely capable

1.76 2.5 Capable

2.51 3.25 Slightly Capable

3.26 4.00 Uncapable

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Table 3. Capability of Swine Producer to adopt Biogas Digester

Mean Std. Deviation Verbal Interpretation

Regular collection of waste 1.62 1.071 Extremely Capable
Provide a generator 2.76 1.221 Slightly Capable
Provide a budget for building a biogas digester 2.76 1.300 Slightly Capable
Provide a lot for the occupancy of biogas digester 2.43 1.207 Capable
Provide a worker to maintain biogas digester 2.62 1.161 Slightly Capable

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 CHAPTER V

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Summary

The swine producers among San Ildefonso, Bulacan has the awareness of making

waste as an fertilizer for plants. And also they are lack of ability to produce biogas

digester.

Conclusion

This analysis demonstrated that waste management system in San Ildefonso,

Bulacan was used a fast digestion of foods in swine to lessen the waste and also they are

lack of resources for making biogas digester.

Recommendation

The research identify the awareness and practice in swine waste management, and

capability of swine producer to produce biogas digester. But, additional study is

recommended to discern more specifically the approach and strategy to address

implementation of biogas digester of every swine producers in San Ildefonso, Bulacan.

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15
Using the range below it identifies the result in tables.

1.00 1.75 Always

1.76 2.5 Often

2.51 3.25 Sometimes

3.26 4.00 Never

16
 Civil Status

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent

Single 3 14.3 14.3 14.3

Married 17 81.0 81.0 95.2

Widow 1 4.8 4.8 100.0

Total 21 100.0 100.0

Education

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent

Elementary level 4 19.0 19.0 19.0

Elementary Graduate 4 19.0 19.0 38.1

High School level 2 9.5 9.5 47.6

High School Graduate 1 4.8 4.8 52.4

College level 3 14.3 14.3 66.7

College Graduate 6 28.6 28.6 95.2

Vocational 1 4.8 4.8 100.0

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 Tagal ng Pag-aalaga(taon)

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent

1 1 4.8 4.8 9.5

2 3 14.3 14.3 23.8

3 1 4.8 4.8 28.6

5 1 4.8 4.8 33.3

7 1 4.8 4.8 38.1

10 1 4.8 4.8 42.9

12 1 4.8 4.8 47.6

13 1 4.8 4.8 52.4

15 1 4.8 4.8 57.1

16 1 4.8 4.8 61.9

17 2 9.5 9.5 71.4

20 2 9.5 9.5 81.0

21 1 4.8 4.8 85.7

25 2 9.5 9.5 95.2

30 1 4.8 4.8 100.0

limiting

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 Bilang ng Baboy (perhead)

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent

6 1 4.8 4.8 4.8

20 2 9.5 9.5 14.3

30 1 4.8 4.8 19.0

40 1 4.8 4.8 23.8

50 1 4.8 4.8 28.6

80 2 9.5 9.5 38.1

100 2 9.5 9.5 47.6

130 1 4.8 4.8 52.4

160 1 4.8 4.8 57.1

200 1 4.8 4.8 61.9

300 1 4.8 4.8 66.7

350 1 4.8 4.8 71.4

700 1 4.8 4.8 76.2

1000 4 19.0 19.0 95.2

1500 1 4.8 4.8 100.0

Total 21 100.0 100.0

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 Mean Std. Deviation

Sweeping the waste 2.05 1.203

Flowing Water into the waste 1.43 .926

Flowing Waste through Septic Tank 1.81 1.289

Waste Shoveling 2.29 1.347

Flowing through the well 2.05 1.431

Used as an Fertilizer 2.90 1.221

Feeding pigs depends on their age 1.57 1.028

Fast digesting of foods 3.33 1.197

Used of Slatted Flooring 2.76 1.446

Mean Std. Deviation

Power Sprayer should be used in waste 1.67 .796

Waste should be flow through Septic Tank 1.24 .436

Waste should be watered 1.52 .602

Waste should be sweep 1.57 .598

Waste should be flow through the well 1.67 .856

Waste should be used as fertilizer 2.00 .707

Waste should be recycled as gas 1.71 .717

Feeding pigs should depends on their age 1.38 .590

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 Mean Std. Deviation Verbal Interpretation
Regular collection of waste 1.62 1.071
Provide a generator 2.76 1.221
Provide a budget for building a biogas digester 2.76 1.300
Provide a lot for the occupancy of biogas digester 2.43 1.207
Provide a worker to maintain biogas digester 2.62 1.161

21