Teste Bac 2012

Eizaveta Onofreiciuc
Angela Cazacu Lilia

Burag
ENGLISH
sa m pl e TESTS
for the 12th form
pupils to excel at
the BAC exam
(2011)
1
CZU 811.111(073.3)
L 77
Coordonator: Brnz Eugenia, consultant,

Agenia de Evaluare i Examinare,
Ministerul Educaiei al Republicii Moldova
Numere de
contact: 0 690
84836 0 795 68694
069089345
Machetare computerizat: Renata Raa

Coperta: Viorel Popa
Descrierea CIP a Camerei Naionale a Crii

English Sample Tests for the 12th form pupils to excel
at the English exam (2011) / Elizaveta Onofreiciuc, Angela
Cazacu, Lilia Burag [et al.]. Ch. : S. n., 2010 (F.E.-P. Tipogr.
Central). 52 p.
6000 ex.
ISBN 978-9975-78-
906-6. 811.111(073.3)
Cazacu Angela, E. Onofreiciuc,

Burag Lilia, 2010
ISBN 978-9975-78-906-6.
2
F oreword
This practice book is designed for the 12th grade pupils with the aim to
enable them to engage in their own analyses of knowledge and comprehension
of the English language.
The book includes 20 tests. Each test is organized into 4 parts:
Part I deals with Text Comprehension, containing an unknown text and

5 activities following it;
Part II treats Grammar and Vocabulary. It includes a test that sums up all
the pupils have learnt in previous years.
Part III deals with Civilization Topics.
Part IV consists of Written Production.
The activities suggested in the book, which are suitable for in-class work or
as pupils homework, will make the learners time informative, enjoyable and
creative. Clear notes explain the tasks to be accomplished. Through the reading
and post-reading exercises pupils will certainly absorb more information as they
learn, review, and retain concepts getting ready for the exam.
We hope this brochure, that is an up-to-date reference concerning exams,

will help pupils to sum up all they have learnt in the previous years, giving
them a chance to check their progress and at the same time prepare for the
BAC exam.
Authors
3
Test 1
I. Read the text and accomplish the post-reading tasks.
Facebook phenomenon
Facebook was originally named The Face Book and it was developed by Harvard student Mark
Zuckerberg.ThefirstuseoftheFaceBookwasontheHarvardcampusanditwaslimitedonlytoHarvard
students.SoontheFaceBookspreadlikewildfirearoundtheothermajorU.S.Universities.MarkZuckerberg
droppedtheHarvardandpursuedhisfacebookdreamtobecomeoneofthe4thmosttraffickedwebsitesinthe
worldwithmorethan90millionactiveusers.
MovingthecompanyheadquarterstoSiliconValleyandbecomingabillionaireonpaper,Markis
oftencomparedwithotherHarvardcollegedropoutentrepreneursandinnovatorssuchasBillGatesandSteve
Jobs.ThespiritsofSiliconValleyhavetakennotice,andlatelyMr.Zuckerberghasbeenofferedavarietyof
deals.
Interestingfactisthatthefacebook.comdomainwaspurchasedfor$200,000andnowthetotalvalue
ofthecompanyisworthmorethan$15billion.Asof2007,FacebookCEOMarkZuckerberghasbecomean
instantbillionaire;accordingtosomesourcesheownsapproximately30%ofthecompanyandthisequals
morethan$4billionoftotalnetworth.Forbesrankedhimtheyoungestbillionaireat23yearsold,andheis
certainlyoneofthewealthiest20somethingoftheworld.
Facebookhaseventuallybecomeeverythingmorethanasocialnetwork.Ithelpsyounotonlyconnect
withyourfriendsbutalsocreatesahugeknowledgepoolanddiscussionforumusingthevastnumberof
featuresitprovides.Thereareover250millionregisteredusersonFacebookofwhich125millionloginforat
leastoncealmostdaily.Over1billionphotosand10millionvideosareuploadedtoFacebookeachmonth.
Everyoneiswelcometojoinsocialnetworkingsitesandcaneasilyclaimtobesomeonetheyarenot.
Someindividualshaveexpressedfeeling'rude'iftheydonotexceptafriendrequest,eveniftheydonot
recognisetheperson.Itisimpossibletoscreenstrangersonsocialnetworkingsites,howeveritispossibleto
reportanyinappropriatemessaging,andanyspecificpersonthatamemberdoesnotwantcontactingthemcan
blocktheintruder,renderingthemunableofaccessingthemembersprofile.
By2005,theuseofFacebookhadalreadybecomesoubiquitousthatthegenericverb"facebooking"had
comeintousetodescribetheprocessofbrowsingothers'profilesorupdatingone'sown.In2008,Collins
English Dictionary declared "Facebook" as their new Word of the Year. Books, movies, TV shows and
debateswherecreatedespeciallytopresenttheFacebookphenomenontothewholeworld.
Nowadaysgenerationiscaughtinthisuniqueandsurrealspacewhere,throughthingslikeFacebook,
wecanexplodethewonderoftimespastandfreshenmemoriesoffriendshipsandsocialrelationshipsthat
aren'tsofarremovedfromouridentitiesthatwewouldn'tfindmeaningindredgingthemupandrestoring
them.
Nr Items
1. Answer the question.

WhowastheFacebookdevelopedby?
________________________________________________
________________________________________________

Accordingtothetext,whoistheintruder?
_____________________________________________________
________________________________________________
4
3. Identify the correct variant (True/False). Justify your cho
a)Facebookhelpsyouonlyconnectwithyourfriends.T
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
b)TVshowsanddebateswerecreatedespeciallytopresenttheF
phenomenontothewholeworld.T
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
4. Match the parts together to get entire sentences.

1.CollinsEnglishDictionarydeclared"Facebook"
2.ThefirstuseoftheFaceBook
3.MarkZuckerbergpursuedhisfacebook
dreamtobecome
4.Facebookhasbecome
5. Comment on: Everyoneiswelcometojoinsocialnetworkingsitesand

claimtobesomeonetheyarenot.
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
TOTAL
II. II. Grammar. Complete the sentences using the w

where necessary. Put the verbs in brackets into th
1.Letsgoonacoursetogether,____________________?
2. Itisveryimportanttohave____varieddietandn
3.Iwishthey(not always complain )________

nothavingenoughmoney.
4. Todaysthe_____________day.Wereleaving_____
flight_______Heathrowandarriving_____
we_____________,welltakeataxitothehotelandget
probablygofora__________roundthecityintheaf
arrive, from, big)
III. Civilization topic. Healthcaresystemsaredifferentinvario

Justifyyourviewpoint.
________________________________________
________________________________________
_____________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
5
IV. Written production. Whydoweneedtolearnforei
______________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
Test 2
Stereotypes
Stereotypesaregeneralizationsaboutagroupofpeoplewherebyweattributeadefinedsetofcharacteristics
tothisgroup.Wedevelopstereotypeswhenweareunableorunwillingtoobtainalloftheinformationwewouldneed
tomakefairjudgmentsaboutpeopleorsituations.Intheabsenceofthe"totalpicture,"stereotypesinmanycases
allowusto"fillintheblanks."Oursocietyofteninnocentlycreatesandperpetuatesstereotypes,butthesestereotypes
oftenleadtounfairdiscriminationandpersecutionwhenthestereotypeisunfavorable.
These classifications can be positive or negative, such as when various nationalities are stereotyped as
friendlyorunfriendly.Itiseasiertocreatestereotypeswhenthereisaclearlyvisibleandconsistentattributethatcan
easilyberecognized.Thisiswhypeopleofcolor,policeandwomenaresoeasilystereotyped.
Peoplefromstereotypedgroupscanfindthisverydisturbingastheyexperienceanapprehension(stereotype threat)of
beingtreatedunfairly.
Wechangeourstereotypesinfrequently.Eveninthefaceofdisconfirmingevidence,weoftenclingtoourobviously
wrongbeliefs.
Stereotypingcangoaroundincircles.Menstereotypewomenandwomenstereotypemen.Thesamething
happenswithdifferentracialgroups,suchas'white/black'(anartificialsystemofopposites,whichinoriginseemsto
bemorelike'European/nonEuropean').
Stereotypingcanbesubconscious,whereitsubtlybiasesourdecisionsandactions,eveninpeoplewhoconsciously
donotwanttobebiased.Stereotypingoftenhappensnotsomuchbecauseofaggressiveorunkindthoughts.Itis
moreoftenasimplificationtospeedconversationonwhatisnotconsideredtobeanimportanttopic.
To change a persons view of your stereotype, be consistently different from it. Beware of your own
stereotypingblindingyoutothetruenatureofotherindividuals.
Understanding the nature of prejudice, scapegoating, stereotypes, and discrimination is the first step in
combatingthesepractices.Allofushaveprejudicesaboutmembersofgroupsdifferentfromourselves.We
should, however, recognize that we are not acting fairly if we treat people differently because of these
stereotypesandprejudices.Eachoneofusdeservestobeconsideredauniquehumanbeing.
Allofusfacepeerpressurewhenconfrontedwithajokewhichputsdownacertainminority.Ittakes
couragetoraiseobjectionstothesejokesandpejorativenamesandtoactivelyfighttheprejudiceandbigotry
whichtheyfoster.Itisimportanttostandupagainstinjustice,andfightthediscrimination,stereotypes,and
scapegoatingwhichhaveservedastheprecursorstopersecution,violence,andgenocide.
6
Nr
Whendowedevelopstereotypes?
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Accordingtothetext,whatshouldwe,thepeople,recognize?
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3. Identify the correct variant (True/False). Justify your choice.
1.Itisnteasiertocreatestereotypesbecausethereisaclearlyvisible
attributethatcaneasilyberecognized.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2.Itisntimportanttostandupforinjustice,andfightthediscriminati
andscapegoating.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
4. Match the two parts to make up entire sentences.
1.Stereotypingoftenhappens
2.Stereotypingcanbe
3.Stereotypesoftenleadto
4.Bewareof
5. Comment on: Eveninthefaceofdisconfirmingevidence,weoftenclingtoour

obviouslywrongbeliefs.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
TOTAL
7
II. II. Grammar. Open the brackets to make the sent
into the correct tense form. Underline the suitable
1.Darrenisupset.Very____________companieshehasworkedforinthep
havepaidhimso______________moneyfo
(a/little; more/much; a/few)

2.Thebabytakesafter/off/ofhisfather.
3.LastmonthIdecidedto go/goingtoworkbycarbeca
travelling onpublictransport.
4.Bythetimehe(arrive)_________________
(drive)___________________________ forfivehou
5.Parisisafascinating/fascinatedcity.Youwontbeb
III. Civilization topic.

WhatEnglishUniversitywouldyouliketostudya
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
IV. Written production. WhatistheEuropeanUnionforyou?

_____________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
_____________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
Test 3
Whats it all about?

Theuniverseiseternal.Ithasalwaysexisted,andalwayswill.Butlifeisnot.Itcomesintoexistence,
livesforaperiodoftime,andthengoesoutofexistence.YouandIhadnochoiceaboutbeingborn,andwe
havenochoiceabouteventuallyceasingtoexist.Butbetweenbirthanddeath,therearealotofchoicestobe
made.Thepurposeofmoralityistoguideusinthosechoices.
Alllifeformshaveonefundamentalgoaltoremainalive.Andtoremainaliverequiresaction
actiontoacquirethosethingswhichwillsustainlife.Thosethingsarevalues.Aplantsvaluesincludewater
andminerals,anditactstoacquirethesevalues,oritdies.Aherbivoresvaluesincludeplants.Acarnivores
valuesincludemeat.Alllifeformsmustacquirevalues,orceasetoexist.
8
Differentlifeformshavedifferentabilitiesthatenablethemtoacquirevalues.Thecheetahhastheability
torunfast;almostallbirdshavetheabilitytofly.Andmanmanhastheabilitytothink.Inordertothink,
onemusthavesomethingtothinkaboutonecannotthinkaboutnothing.Thatsomethingtothinkaboutis
reality.Wedonotliveinavoid;weliveonearthintherealworld.Inordertosurvive,wemustgetagripon
realityandrealizethatthepursuitandcreationofvaluesisgoodandtheirdestructionisevil.
Thepursuit,achievementandmaintenanceofvaluesisalifelongpursuit,butsincemanslifespanis
limited,hemustlimitthenumberofvalueshewillpursuehecannotbeeverythingthereistobenorpossess
allthereistopossess.So,eachmanmustchoosethosevaluesthatholdthebestpromiseinhispursuitof
happiness.
Hemustchooseacareerhecannotpursueallcareers.Hemustchoosewhatfoodtoeathecan
noteatallthefoodonearth.Itistheresponsibilityofeachmantochoosethevalueshewillpursueandhis
responsibilitytoprioritizethemfromthemostimportanttotheleastimportant.Eachmanmustgetit
clearinhisownmindtherelativeimportanceofeachvaluetoallothers.
Inthepursuitofhappiness,itisonlythepursuitofrationalvalues,properlyprioritized,thatcanholdany
promiseofsuccess.Andeachindividualmustmakehisownchoicesalonewithhisownthoughts.Itisnotto
beleftuptoJesusorMuhammad,ateacherorapreacher,parentsorfriends,orwhatonemightthinkothers
think.Eachindividualmustmakehisownchoices.
Whats it all about? Its about being a good person rational, productive, honest, responsible,
reliableItsaboutbuildingthefoundationofhappinessaboutbeingapersonworthyofhappiness
andmakingtheefforttopursue,achieve,maintain,andprioritizeonesvalues.Itsnotalwayseasy,but
onemakestheeffort,makesiteachandeverydaybecausehappiness is a valueworth pursuing.
Nr

Whatshallapersondotostayalive?
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

Whatshallwedoinordertosurvive?
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
3. Identify the correct variant (True/False). Justify your choice
1.Eachmanmustchoosethosevaluesthatholdthebestprom
happiness.
________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
2.Itsalwayseasy,butonemakestheeffort,makesiteachda
avalueworthpursuing.
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
9
1.Itistheresponsibilityof
2.Betweenbirthanddeath,thereare
3.Differentlifeformshave
4.Hecannotbeeverythingthereistobe
5. Comment on: Inthepursuitofhappiness,itisonlythepursuitofration

properlyprioritized,thatcanholdanypromiseofsuccess.
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
TOTAL
II. II. Grammar. Insert the correct article, underline

words in bold. Write the verbs in brackets into the
1.______tigeris_____largecarnivorousanimalwhichbelongsto____catfam
2.Herperfumesmeltlike/asroses.
3.Yesterdayeveningafirebadly(damage)____
Tenpeople(take)______________________tohospital.P
(interview)________________________________ guestsa
thismorning.
4.Theabilitytothinklogical/logicallyisanimportants
5.AnnielivesinNancywhere/who/whichisabeautifultow
6.Twoteamswereorganizedtosearchfor/onthemissing
III. Civilization topic. Ifyouwereofferedtotravelaroundthe

goandwhy?
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
_____________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
IV. Written production. Bloomtherewhereyouwere

_____________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
10
Test 4
The Yin Yang significance
TheancientChinesepeoplesubscribetoaconceptcalledYinYangwhichisabeliefthatthere
existtwocomplementaryforcesintheuniverse.OneisYangwhichrepresentseverythingpositiveand
theotherisYinwhichischaracterizedasnegative.Oneisnotbetterthantheother.Insteadtheyareboth
necessaryandabalanceofbothishighlydesirable.Thisthinkingisdifferentfromthedualityofmost
religionwhereonestateovercomestheothere.g.goodoverevil.IntheconceptofYinYang,toomuch
ofeitheroneisbad.Theidealisabalanceofboth.ThehotSaharandesertforexampleisanexampleof
extremeYangwhilethebittercoldAntarcticaisextremeYin.Neitherisdesirable.Thereisaperception
(especiallyintheWest)thatyinandyangcorrespondtogoodandevil.However,Taoistphilosophy
generallydiscountsgood/baddistinctionsassuperficiallabels,preferringtofocusontheideaofbalance.
Thisisaphilosophythatreflectshumanspersonalityaswell.Yangcontractstoproducedensity,
gravity,heat,andactivitywhileyinexpandstoproducediffusion,lightness,cold,andquiescence.The
yang personality is active, commanding, concentrated, and fiery while the yin personality is more
inclusive,diffuse,gentle,tranquil,andmagnetic.Ifyouareconstitutionallyyinthenyouwillnaturally
express yourself more through your thoughts. As such, good occupations for yin persons include
research,scholarship,teaching,writing,andallotheractivitiesthatrequirementalexertion.Ontheother
hand, if you are constitutionally yang then you will naturally express yourself more through your
actions. Yang occupations include business, sales, travel, sports, performing arts, engineering,
mechanics,thearmedservices,police,andallotherindoorandoutdooractivitiesthatrequirephysical
exertion.
Inanutshell,ChineseYinYangsymbolsrepresentperfectbalance.Seemingly,thewholeof
ChinesephilosophystemsfromtheconceptofYinandYangoppositesinteractingandsupposedlythe
seedofallthings.Forexample,evilresultsfromanimbalanceinYinandYang,andgoodcomesfrom
thetwobeinginharmonicbalance.
Nr Items
WhatistheideaofTaoistphilosophyaboutYinandYang?
________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
________________________________________________
Whatdoesevilandgoodcomefrom?
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
11
1.YangrepresentseverythingnegativeandYinischaracte
______________________________________________________
________________________________________________
2.Theyarebothnecessaryandabalanceofbothishighlyd
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
1.Ifyouareconstitutionallyyinthenyou
2.Ifyouareconstitutionallyyangthenyou
3.IntheconceptofYinYang,
4.ThewholeofChinesephilosophy
5. Comment on: ChineseYinYangsymbolsrepresentperfectbalance.
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
TOTAL
II. II. Grammar. Fill in the blanks with the correct m

the correct variant using the words in bold, put th
tense form.
1.You________________worryaboutme.Anyway,you_____________walk
milestofindatelephonethatworks.(not/must/have to/
2.Alargereception(organize) _______________fort
3.We(go)___________tothebeachtomorrowu
4.What an/how anamazingsightthePyramidsare!

5.Sarahrepliedthatshe(not like) _________________
enjoy)__________________________ itthen.
6.Wehadntbooked_______accommodationbeforewewent
awfultimefinding_______roomtostayin.
III. Civilization topic. Whatistheenvironmentalimpactofclim

warming?
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
12
IV. Written production. Thegloryofthepastanechoofthefuture.
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
Test 5
I. Read the text and accomplish the post-reading tasks. Building
healthy relationships
Speakalittleless,listenalittlemore.Mostpeoplegettremendouspleasurefromspeakingaboutthemselves.
But,herewehavetobecareful;ifwealwaysspeakaboutourachievementsortribulations,peoplewillgetfedup
withouregoism.Ifyoufindyouarealwaystalkingaboutyourself,considertheadviceoftheGreekphilosopher,
Epictectus:Naturegaveusonetongueandtwoearssowecouldheartwiceasmuchaswespeak.
Whichismoreimportantbeingrightormaintainingharmony?Alotofproblemsinrelationshipsoccur
becausewewanttomaintainourpersonalpride.Dontinsistonalwayshavingthelastword.Healthyrelationships
arenotbuiltthroughwinningmeaninglessarguments.Bewillingtobackdown;mostargumentsarenotofcritical
importanceanyway.
Ifwevaluesomeonesfriendshipwewillnottakepleasureincommentingontheirfrequentfailings.They
willeventuallyhearaboutit.But,whetherwegetfoundoutornot,weweakenourrelationshipswhenwedwellon
negativequalities.Avoidgossipingaboutanybody;subconsciouslywedonttrustpeoplewhohaveareputationfor
gossip.Weinstinctivelytrustandvaluepeoplewhodontfeeltheneedtocriticiseothers.
Forgiveness is not just a clich, its a powerful and important factor in maintaining healthy
relationships.However,realforgivenessalsomeansthatwearewillingtoforgettheexperience.Ifweforgive
oneday,butthenafewweekslaterbringuptheoldmisdeed,thisisnotrealforgiveness.Whenwemake
mistakes,justconsiderhowmuchwewouldappreciateothersforgivingandforgetting.
Ifyouthinkafriendhasabadorunworkableidea,dontalwaysargueagainstit;justkeepsilentandletthem
workthingsoutforthemselves.Itsamistaketoalwaysfeelresponsiblefortheiractions.Youcanoffersupportto
friends,butyoucantlivetheirlifeforthem.
IfyouviewfriendshipfromtheperspectiveofwhatcanIgetfromthis?youaremakingabig
mistake. This kind ofrelationship proves very tentative. If youmakefriendships with the hope of some
benefit,youwillfindthatpeoplewillhaveasimilarattitudetoyou.Thiskindoffriendshipleadstoinsecurity
andjealousy.Furthermore,thesefairweatherfriendswillmostlikelydisappearjustwhenyouneedthem
most.DontlookuponfriendswiththeperspectivewhatcanIgetoutofthis?Truefriendshipshouldbe
basedonmutualsupportandgoodwill,irrespectiveofanypersonalgain.
13
Donttakeyourselftooseriously.Bewillingtolaughatyourselfandbeselfdeprecating.Thisdoesnot
meanwehavetohumiliateourselves,farfromititjustmeansweletgoofourego.Humourisoftenthebest
antidoteforrelievingtensesituations.
Nr

Whatshouldtruefriendshipbebasedon?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

Howshouldoneactwhenafriendhasabadorunworkableidea?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
1.Alotofproblemsinrelationshipsoccurbecausewewanttomainta
pride.
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
2.Realforgivenessalsomeansthatwearewillingtoforgettheexper
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
1.Weweakenourrelationships
2.Bewillingtolaugh
3.Ifwealwaysspeakaboutourachievements
ortribulations,
4.Ifyoumakefriendshipswiththehopeof
somebenefit,youwillfind
5. Comment on:Naturegaveusonetongueandtwoearssowecouldheartwiceas
muchaswespeak.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
TOTAL
14
II. II. Grammar. Open the brackets to make the sen
tense form of the verbs. Underline the correct pr
1.Wehadaswiminto/inthesea.After/Afterwardswela
2.___________passengershadtogetofftheplaneand______
theirluggage.(All/ all of them /--)
3.Iremember(to see/seeing)__________________a
4.IfIhadntbeensotiredI(might/must go)____
party.
5.Julie(be going to buy)_____________________he
monthshe( save)_________________________enou
6.Janehasgot(loads of/several of)_______________
7.Why(smell)________________________________
think(its off/is it off) _____________________
III. Civilization topic. Listsomewondersofthemod

tothesevenwonderslist?
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
IV. Written production. WhatistheroleoftheBig

____________________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
Test 6
Coco Chanel
Fashionisnotsomethingthatexistsindressesonly.Fashionisinthesky,inthestreet,fashionhasto
dowithideas,thewaywelive,whatishappening.
Namedasoneofthe100mostinfluentialpeopleofthe20thcentury,legendarydesignerCocoChanel
wasapioneerintheworldoffashion.Herkindoffashionwasinspiredbymenswearandshebelievedin
simpleyethighlyexpensivedesigns.BorninSamur,SouthernFrancein1883
15
inapoorhousetotravelingsalesmanAlbertChanelandJeanneDevolle,GabrielleBonheurChanelhasmadea
boldandlastingimpressiononmany.
WhenCoco(Gabrielleadopted"CoCo"duringabriefcareerasasingerincafe'sandconcerthalls
between19051908)wasjusttwelveyearsoldhermotherdied,leavingherfathertocareforthesix
children.Heleftashorttimelater,andforthenextsevenyearsCocowasintheorphanageoftheCatholic
monasteryofAubazine.Duringschoolvacationsfemalerelatives,intheprovincialcapitalofMoulins,
taughtCocohowtosewmuchmoreelegant,thanthenunsatthemonasterywereabletoteach.
Attheageofeighteen,shelefttheorphanageandbeganworkforalocaltailor.Whileworkingatthe
tailorshopshemetEtienneBalsan,anEnglishplayboy,andbeganhavinganaffairwithhim.WhileCocowas
livingwithBalsan,shebegantodesignhatsasahobby.Herhatsquicklycaughttheattentionofthefemale
Parisianelite.DespitethefactthatChaneldidnothavethebreedingoftheupperclass,in1909shemetthe
wealthysocialite,Arthur"Boy"Capel.WiththehelpofBalsanandArthurBoyCapel,Cocowasabletoopen
herownmillinery,orhatshopcalledChanelModels.Itwaslocatedat31rueCamboninParis.
FrenchactressesworethehatsCocomade.Thishelpedhertogetareputationestablished.In1913ather
newboutiqueinDeauville,France,Cocointroducedhersportswearforwomen.Butherrealbreakcameinthe
early'20sduringtheGreatDepressionwhenChanel,withthefinancialhelpofCapel,openedherfirstandnow
legendaryshopat31rueCambon.Herelegantdesignsrevolutionizedfashionreplacingthecorsetwithcomfort
andcasualelegance.In1922,shelaunchedthefragranceChanelNo.5,whichremainspopulartothisday.Two
yearslaterPierreWertheinerbecameherpartner(takingon70%ofthefragrancebusiness),andreputedlyher
lover.Cocolaunchedhersignaturecardiganjacketin1925,andthefollowingyearmatcheditssuccesswithher
littleblackdress.BothitemscontinuetobeastaplepartofeveryChanelcollection.
DuringWorldWarII,Cocowasanurse,althoughherpostwarpopularitywasgreatlydiminishedbyher
affair with a Nazi officer during the conflict. However, she made her comeback in 1954, her style much
unchanged,apartfromtheintroductionofpeajacketsandbellbottomsforwomen.CocoChanelworkeduntil
herdeathin1971attheageof88.
Nr Items

WhatwasCocosrealbreak?
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________

WhathappenedtoCocoduringschoolvacations?
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
3. Identify the correct variant (True/False). Justify your choic
1.Shemadehercomebackin1954,herstylemuchunchange
introductionofbeanjacketsandringbottomsforwomen.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
2.Cocoskindoffashionwasinspiredbywomenswearan
complicatedandhighlyexpensivedesigns.
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
16
1.Whileworkingatthetailorshop
2.WhileCocowaslivingwithBalsan,
3.AthernewboutiqueinDeauville,France,
4. Bothitemscontinuetobeastaple
5. Comment on: ...Fashionisinthesky,inthestreet;fashionhastodo
waywelive,whatishappening.
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
TOTAL
II. II. Grammar. Underline the correct variant usin

with the correct preposition. Put the verbs in bra
1.Fishare/iseasytolookafteraspets.
2.Whereshallwesit?
Oh,anywhere/somewherewilldo.
3.MrShawsuggestedcalling/to callameeting.Thew
decide thematterthemselves.
4.Imsodesperate.IwishI(not move)____________
5.Ileftmypurse_______thebuswhenIgot______.
6.Sallyhadworkedhardallyearand,even thou
beenworthwhile.
7.AsfarasMrandMrsBrownwereconcernedtheho
___________________untiladequatestaff (employ)__
8.Althoughwevelivedinthecityforseveralyearsw
to)______________________ it.
III. Civilization topic. Namevolunteerorganization

kindofactivitiesperformedbyoneoftheseorganizati
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
IV. Written production. Identifysomedifficultiesso

solutionswillyousuggest?
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
17
Test 7
The History of Waltz

ThehistoryoftheWaltz,goesbackfurtherthanmanyactuallybelieve,rightbacktoaverysimple
formto13th centuryGermany.ThewordwaltzcomesfromtheGermanwordwalzenmeaningtoroll,
glideorturnbutbythe1500sthemedievalVoltawasdancedandconsistedofmanywaltzlikestepsand
movementscombinedwithotherforms.Napoleon'sinvadingsoldersspreadthewaltzfromGermanyto
Paris;thenthedanceglidedacrossthechanneltoEnglandandfinallymadeitswaytotheUnitedStates.
WhentheWaltzwasfirstintroducedintotheballroomsoftheworldintheearlyyearsofthe
nineteenthcentury,itwasmetwithoutragedindignation,foritwasthefirstdancewherethecouple
dancedinamodifiedclosedpositionwiththeman'shandaroundthewaistofthelady.
Therewasstillmuchoppositiontothisimmoraldance.Funnilyenough,QueenVictorialovedthe
waltzandwasanexcellentballroomdancer.Likemostthingsthough,themoretheoldergeneration
andthemoralupperechelonscomplainedaboutthewaltz,themorepopularitbecame.
Beginningabout1830,thewaltzwasgivenatremendousboostbytwoAustriancomposers
LannerandStrauss.TheysetthestandardfortheVienneseWaltz,averyfastversionplayedat
about5560measuresperminute.Thefasttempodidindeedpresentproblems.Muchofthe
enjoymentofthenewdancewaslostinthecontinualstraintokeepupwiththemusic.
Duringthelaterpartofthenineteenthcentury,Waltzeswerebeingwrittentoaslowertempo
thantheoriginalVienneserhythm.Aroundthecloseofthenineteenthcentury,twomodificationsof
thewaltzdevelopedintheUnitedStates,introducedbyBostondancemaster,LorenzoPapanti.The
firstwasthe"Boston",aslowerwaltzwithlongglidingsteps;therewerefewerandslowerturns
andmoreforwardandbackwardmovementthanintheVienneseWaltz.Thisversioneventually
stimulated the development of the English or International Style which continues today. The
American Style Waltz is similar to the International Style. The second modification was the
"HesitationWaltz",whichinvolvestakingonesteptothreebeatsofthemeasure.Althoughthe
"HesitationWaltz"isnolongerdanced,someofitssteppatternsarestillinusetoday.
TodayboththefasterVienneseWaltz,madeforeverpopularbytheStraussfamily,andthe
slowerAmericanandInternationalstylewaltzesareextremelypopulartodaywithdancersofall
ages.
Nr Items

Whatdoesthewordwaltzmean?
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________

WhywasWaltzmetwithoutragedindignation?
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
18
3. Identify the correct variant (True/False). Justify your ch
1.Themoretheoldergenerationandthemoraluppereche
waltz,themorepopularitbecame.
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
2.Aroundthecloseofthenineteenthcentury,amodificationofthewaltzdevelo
theUnitedKingdom.
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
1.Waltzesareextremelypopulartoday
2.Thefirstwasthe"Boston",
3.TheAmericanStyleWaltz
4.Thefasttempo
5. Comment on: Muchoftheenjoymentofthenewdancewaslostinth

tokeepupwiththemusic.
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
TOTAL
AI. II. Grammar. Choose the correct preposition or word to make a full sense sentence.
Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense form.
1. Children are particularly quick to pick (up/at )_________onnonverbalsignals
andcandistinguish(between/through)_________________whatissaidandwhatis
reallymeant.
2.LastweekI (cannot fit) _____________________intomyblackdress.So,I
decided(go) _________________onadiet.Tomorrowit(be)_____
___________________threedayssinceI (start)________________ andI
(starve)_______________________.
3.Marylooked(happily/happy)_________________atherdaughter.Shelooked
(happily/happy)____________________.
4.Tenpounds(is/are)__________quitealotofmoneytolose.
5.ThetriptoFrance,hedsaid,would(broaden/broad)________________our
horizonsandprovideuswithboth(amuse/amusement)____________andeducation.
III. Civilization topic. Whiletourismcanbeapowerfulpositiveforceforchangeinpoor

countries,itcanalsobeseriouslydamagingforthelocalenvironmentandculture.
Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
19
IV. Written production. Describeyourpersonalvalu
____________________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
Test 8
The Mystical 13
Thefearofnumber13iscalledtriskaidekaphobiaanditwasderivedfromtreiskaideka,the
Greekwordforthirteenandphobia.Thereisacommonmyththattheearliestreferencetothirteen
being unlucky or evil is from the Babylonian Code of Hammurabi, where the thirteen law is
omitted.SomeChristiantraditionshaveitthatattheLastSupper,Judas,thedisciplewhobetrayed
Jesus,wasthe13thtositatthetable.AncientPersiansbelievedthetwelveconstellationsinthe
Zodiaccontrolledthemonthsoftheyear,andeachruledtheearthforathousandyearsattheendof
whichtheskyandearthcollapsedinchaos.Therefore,thethirteenthisidentifiedwithchaosandthe
reasonPersiansleavetheirhousestoavoidbadluckonthethirteenthdayofthePersianCalendar.
In1881,aninfluentialgroupofNewYorkersledbyU.S.CivilWarveteranCaptainWilliam
Fowlercametogethertoputanendtothisandothersuperstitions.Theyformedadinnercabaret
club,whichtheycalledtheThirteenClub.Atthefirstmeeting,onFriday13January1881at8:13
p.m.,13peoplesatdowntodineinroom13ofthevenue.Theguestswalkedunderaladdertoenter
theroomandwereseatedamongpilesofspilledsalt.AlloftheguestssurvivedandThirteenClubs
sprangupalloverNorthAmericaforthenext40years.
Thesignificanceofthirteen,allareawarethatithascomedowntousasanunluckynumber.
Hence,everyoccurrenceofthenumberthirteen,andlikewiseofeverymultipleofit,standsin
connection with rebellion, disintegration, revolution, or some kindred idea. Some hotels skip
number thirteen when numbering rooms. In Formula 1, there is no car with the number 13.
IndustrialistHenryFordwouldntdobusinessonFriday,the13th.
However,someconsiderthirteennumbertobealuckyandgoodnumber.InancientGreece
Zeuswascountedasthethirteenth,andmostpowerfulgod.HeretheassociationsofZeuswhogave
thenumberthirteensymbolicmeaningssuchas:totality,completion,power.AlsoinEgypt,there
arethirteenstepsupontheladderthatleadstoeternity.Uponthethirteenthstepitissaidthesoul
reachesthesourceofitselfandattainsspiritualcompletion.Moreover,thesymbolicmeaningof
numberthirteendealswithmoonassociationssuchas:femininity,magic,emotion.
Therefore,thetwosidedtheoryaboutnumber13givesusthepossibilitytofreelydecide
whetherthismysticalnumberhaspositiveornegativeeffectsuponourreality,whetherwetendto
beoptimisticorpessimists.
20
Nr

Whatdoesnumberthirteendealwith?
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________

WhatwereZeusactionstowardthesignificanceofnumberthirtee
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________

1.Allhotelsskipnumber13whennumberingrooms.
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
2.AncientPersiansbelievedthatthe12constellationsinth
seasonsoftheyear.
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________

1.People
2.Theguests
3.HenryFord
4.Persians
5. Comment on: Someconsiderthirteennumberto

_____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
TOTAL
II. II. Grammar. Fill in the gaps with the right prep
into the correct tense form, choose the correct wo
1.Myauntsearnings(are/is)__________verylow.
2.Myparentswouldntletme(to go/go)_______
(me/myself)_____________.
3.Shealwaysarriveshalfanhourlate,(who/whi
4.Theconcertwasa(sell-off/sell-out/sell-up)___
itwasannounced.
5.OnceI(tidy up)_________________________
________________ readingthisbook.
6.Hehasabsolutelynohesitation______recomm
7.I(not take)________________________what
(be)_________________ you.
21
III. Civilization topic. Useyourknowledgetowritea
FigureoftheEnglishSpeakingWorld.
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
IV. Written production. WhatdoestheexpressionM

(810lines)
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
Test 9
The European Court of Human Rights
TheEuropeanCourtofHumanRightsaimstoapplyandtoprotectthecivilandpolitical
rights of the continent's citizens. The court, which was set up in 1959 in the French city of
Strasbourg,considerscasesbroughtbyindividuals,organizationsandstatesagainstthecountries
whichareboundbytheconvention;namely,allEuropeannationsexceptBelarus.
These cases have many forms; they include allegations of human rights abuses,
discrimination,theimproperconductoftrialsandthemistreatmentofprisoners.Countriesmust
complywiththecourt'sverdicts,althoughthecourtcannotdirectlyenforcethis.
Mostofthenationswhichhavesignedthehumanrightsconvention,includingtheUK,have
incorporateditsprinciplesintotheirownlaws.Thecourtwillonlyhearacasewhenalldomestic
legalavenueshavebeenexhausted.ThecourtwasestablishedandisoverseenbytheCouncilof
Europe,apanEuropeanhumanrightsbody.
TheCourtpresidentisJeanPaulCosta,aFrenchjudge.Thecourtismadeupof46judges,
equatingtothenumberofcountriesthathavesigneduptotheEuropeanHumanRightsConvention.
ThejudgesareelectedtosixyeartermsbytheParliamentaryAssemblyoftheCouncilofEurope.
Theysitasindividuals,ratherthanasrepresentativesoftheirhomecountries.
Thecourthasseenitscaseloadgrowrapidly,fromjustunder6,000casesin1998toalmost
14,000by2001.In2006itreceivedmorethan50,000newrequeststojudgecases.Muchofthis
22
increasehascomefromthenewerdemocraciesofcentralandEasternEurope,wherethereislesstrustin
localjudicialsystems.Russiaisthebiggestsinglesourceofcases.
Itcantakeyearsforthejudgestoreachafinalverdict.Abacklogofcasesrunningto
90,000inearly2007haspromptedcallsformorejudgestobeappointedandforthecourts
functionstobestreamlined,especiallyforminorcases.
ThecourthasbeendescribedbytheheadoftheCouncilofEuropeasavictimofitsownsuccess.
Nr

Inwhatcircumstancesthecourtwillhearacase?
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________

Whatformsdothecasesbroughttothecourtinclude?
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
1.Muchofthisincreasehascomefromthenewerdemocraci
Europe.
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
2.TheEuropeanCourtofHumanRightsaimstoapplyandto
politicalrightsofthecontinent'scitizens.
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________

1.Thecourthasseen
2.Itcantakeyearsforthejudges
3.TheUK,haveincorporated
4.Thecourtconsiders
5. Comment on: Thecourthasbeendescribedbytheheadofth

victimofitsownsuccess.
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
TOTAL
23
II. II. Grammar. Use the words in brackets to make
the correct variant using the words in bold, use th
1.Hesa(completely/very)_____________wittykind
2.Whenwefirstmet,hedidntdo/make much o
3.Itsamazinghowsheavoidstodo/doingthew
4. _____moneycantbuy______friendsbutyo
enemy.
5.IfIdidnt need/nedeedtolearnEnglishformy
stopped studyingit.
6.Britainslargestadvertising/advertisementage
Americancompany.
7.ThePorschedrewupatthe restaurants entra
Youneedntdrive(your/ yours)_______car,I
III. Civilization topic. Ifyouweretowriteanarticle

Englishnewspaper,whatwouldyouwriteabout?
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
IV. Written production. Happinessisthebiggestach

____________________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
Test 10

Build a Successful Online Career by Advertising.
Anysuccessfulbusiness,whetheronlineoroffline,isinvolvedinsomeformofadvertising.
Notallbusinessesusethesamemethodsofadvertising,however,theconceptandbasicprinciples
ofadvertisingwillapplywhetheryou'reastorefrontonMainStreetinyourownhometown,oran
onlinemarketerpromotingontheinternet.Advertisingiscrucialtothegrowthofyourbusiness.
Maintainingastable,advertisingcampaignstrategyisoneofthemostimportantingredientsof
maintainingahealthygrowthforyourcompany.
24
GettingpotentialcustomersisthehardestpartofanInternetmarketingjob.Rememberthatthesuccessof
yourInternetmarketingbusinesswilldependonhowyouwillattractpotentialclientscomingfromthemajority
oftrafficaroundtheInternet,howyoubuildyourcustomersbasethatwillkeepyourmarketingcareeralive.
Evenifyouhaveawelldesignedwebsitewithpracticalfacilitiessuchasinformationcatalogsandshoppingcart
services,onceyoufailedtoattractlargewebtraffictowardsyoursite,yourInternetmarketingbusinesswillbeof
wholebreakdown.
For this reason, you must learn the whereabouts of Internet marketing promotion and advertising.
Promotingandadvertisingyour Internetmarketingisfundamentaltoyourwebsiteandtoyourjobaswell.
Throughthesestrategies,youwillbeabletoattractmotivatedpeoplewhoarewillingtobuywhateveryouare
offering.
Makecertainthatyourpromotionandadvertisingtoolspossessthesecharacteristics:
It must have a long-lasting effect. Donotjustuseanadvertisingmediumonceanddiscardit. Findways
onhowyouwillbeabletomakeuseofitforseveraltimes.Youmaymakeuseofasimilartacticoneach
advertisingtoolandcreatecustomerfamiliaritywiththeadvertisingtoolaswellastheproductorserviceyouare
advertising.
An effectual Internet marketing promotion and advertising have variations. Changethe
color,text,andthemessageofyouradvertisementsbutdonotmodifyitsfeaturecharacter.
Do not be afraid to explore new options. The moreyoubroadenyourpromotionand advertisingefforts,
youwillbeabletodowellinyourInternetmarketingbusinesscareer.Marketingonlineisanongoingchallenge
ofexperimentationandlearningtheprocessofwhatworksanddoesn'tworkeffectively.Everymarketing
campaignthatyoudoisgoingtobedifferent,andflexibilityinyourthoughtprocesshereisextremelycrucial.
Advertisingisanabsolutemustwithanystorefrontbusiness;however,marketingstrategiesmustbeused
in your online marketing efforts. Choose the method of marketing promotion strategies that best fits your
marketingobjectives,andfillstheneedsofyourtargetedaudience.Seektheservicesofaspecialistifneededand
bewillingtomakechangesthatyourprofessionalrecommendsthatmayberequiredtooptimizeyourmarketing
effortsandchallenges.
Nr
WhatwillthesuccessofyourInternetmarketingbusinessdepend
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
WhatarethecharacteristicsofagoodInternetmarketingpromotio
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
1.Onceyoufailedtoattractlargewebtraffictowardsyoursite,you
marketingbusinesswillnotbeofwholebreakdown.
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
2.PromotingandadvertisingyourInternetmarketingisfundament
T F
____________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
25
1.Youmustlearnthewhereaboutsof
2.Youwillbeabletoattractmotivatedb.awelldesignedw
3.Advertisingisanabsolutemust
4.Evenifyouhave
5. Comment on: Donotbeafraidtoexplorenewoptions.

_____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
TOTAL
II. II. Grammar. Put the verbs in brackets into the

suitable variant using the words in bold.
1.Twohoursperweek(be)_____notenoughtolearntheEng
2.Theydosomemarketforces/research/sharet
advice/goods/spending onluxurygoods.
3.Onedaybackin1895,KingCampGillette(shave)_
ofhismirrorwhenhesuddenly(think)________
wascomparedtowhat(need)____________________
4.Dontletanyone/nobodyin.Imtoobusytoseean
5.Myhusbandisnotinterestedinthesubject.
-Either/neither do/am I.
6.IwishI(can make)_____________________
III. Civilization topic. ListsomeAmericanwriters.W

ofhisworksimpressedyoumost?Whatisthemainid
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
IV. Written production. Everyflowermeansthewh

____________________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
26
Test 11
E- Shopping
Onlineshoppingisamultibillionbusinessandisconstantlygrowing.Manyindividualsfavourthis
kindofshoppingbecauseofease.Forshopperswhoworkforlengthyhours,itwouldbehardtovisita
storeduringstandardtradehours.Onlineretailersalloworderstwentyfourhoursadayandshopperscan
easilyshopfromtheirplaceofconvenienceandwhenevertheyhavefreemomentavailable.Aswell,
onlineshoppinggivestheshopperthefacilitytocomparetheproductswitheasiness.Thispreventsthe
bother ofvisitingdifferentconventionalstores and finding difficulttorememberdetails likecost and
features.Onlineshoppingispredominantlyusefulforthosewithlimitedmobilityastheycanshopwithout
anydifficulty.
Someitemsmayonlybeavailableincertainlocationsofthecountryandthismakescomparingthe
pricesdifficultfortraditionalhighstreetshoppers.Byonlineshopping,productsfromaroundtheworld
canbepurchased,bycomparingdetailsandpriceoftheitems.Anitemwhichisaregionalspecialitycan
be bought online without going in person to that location. Online shoppers can send gifts to family
membersorfriends asasurprise. Italsosaves the timeofbuying thegiftsinhighstreet, packingit
carefullyandshippingthegift.
Whiletherearenumerousadvantagesofonlineshoppingtherearesomehasslesandfearregarding
them.Identitytheftisthemostkeyworryforthosewhofearaboutonlineshopping.However,iftheclient
isunsureaboutthesecuritythereisalwaysachoiceofcallingcustomerservicetoleavetheorder.One
moreworryisaboutdealingwithreturns.Inmajorityofcasesthereturnsprocedurewithonlineretailersis
quiteeasylikereturningtheproducttotraditionalstore.Butsometimetheshopperwillbefinancially
liableforthecostofshippingtheproductbacktotheonlinevendor.Thiscanbeexpensiveiftheproductis
oversize.Anotherproblemofonlineshoppingisencounteringmisleadingproductinformationorshopper
buyingawrongitem.Thesimplestsolutionistocontactthecustomerservicetoverifywhetherornotthe
productforsalewillsuityourneeds.Carefullyreadthefineprintbeforeyoumakeapurchase.
ButtheaboveproblemsarealmostfullyavoidedifyoushopinreputedonlineretailersThese
retailers have secure web sites and concern about identity theft is almost nil. In addition they have
dedicatedserversandmakeeveryefforttoloadthewebpageswithintenseconds.Inadditionthepricesare
muchcheaper,astheysellproductsdirectlyfromthewarehouses.Onlineshoppinginreputablesiteswill
notonlysafeandsecure,theyalsogivethepleasureofhighstreetshoppingatyourhome.
Nr Items

HowcanproblemsregardingEshoppingbeavoided?
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________

WhatarethehasslesandfearsregardingEshopping?
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
27
1.Onlineretailersdontalloworderstwentyfourhoursada
shop.
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
2.Byonlineshopping,productsfromaroundtheworldcant
______________________________________________________
________________________________________________

1.Onlineshopperscansendgiftsto
shopping
2.Onlineshoppinginreputablesites
3.Onlineshopping
4.Onlineshoppingisa
5. Comment on: Manyindividualsfavourthiskindofshoppingbecauseof

______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
TOTAL
AI. II. Grammar. Underline the correct variant using the words in bold. Insert the
suitable preposition and indefinite pronoun to fill in the gaps.
1. Do you mind to tell/tellingmehowoldyour boy-friend is/is your boy-friend?
2.AsachildIwas used to/used to haveagoodmemorybutasIvegotolderitsgotworse.
3.Shewasabsolutely/a fewfuriouswhenshediscoveredthetruth.
4.Wemustlookatthisweeks timetable/weeks timetable.
5.Imsorry:_______________isavailabletotakeyourcallatthemoment.
6.However/Whateverrichyouareyoucantbuyhappiness.
_____ mistakeIopenedMarysletterinstead ______myown.Shewasveryangry

_______ meandsaidthatIddoneit _______purpose.
III. Civilization topic. ListsometouristattractionsintheUSA.Describeoneofthem.

(57lines)
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
28
IV. Written production. Isbeautymorethangoodlo
(810lines)
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_______________________________________
Test 12

Rules for Master Negotiators
A negotiation is an interactive communication process that may take place whenever we want
somethingfromsomeoneelseoranotherpersonwantssomethingfromus.
"Takeitorleaveit!","Thisproposalisnonnegotiable","Thisisit.Ifyoudon'twanttoacceptitatthat
price,forgetit.","Negotiatingwithyouisawasteoftime.Ifyoureactnegativelytoultimatums,inflexibility,and
statementslikethose,youmaycometotherealizationthatotherpeoplefeelthesameway.Unlessyouareinthe
military,orsubjecttosome similarhierarchicalorganization,youwillconclude that,ifyouwanttohavea
relationshipwiththepartyontheothersideofthetableortheotherendofthephone,youmustnegotiate.
Negotiationisunavoidable.
Mostofusnegotiatewithoneanotherfrequently.Oncewerealizethis,theoretically,wehavetwo
choices:acceptthefactthatnegotiationisawayoflifeinourcultureandimproveourskillssothatwecan
negotiatewithconfidence;or,donothingaboutit.Somemayarguethatnegotiationisanart,thatitis
intuitive;or,thatweallknowhowtonegotiate,learningbasicskillsontheplaygroundsoflife.Perhaps
there are naturally gifted negotiators. But, as a lawyer and a mediator who has spent over 20 years
litigating, negotiating settlements, negotiating transactions for clients, and negotiating personal
transactions, it can be attested the fact that a lot of negotiators are not naturally gifted. Negotiations
commonly follow a fourstep path: preparation, information exchange, explicit bargaining, and
commitment.Negotiationis,inshort,akindofuniversaldancewithfourstagesorsteps.Anditworksbest
whenbothpartiesareexperienceddancers.Manyattributesgointomakingaskillfulnegotiator,including
suchthingsashavingagoodmemory,being'quickverbally',andhandlingstresswell.Buteffectivenessis
asmuchamatterofattitudeasitisofability.
MasterNegotiatorsdevelopstrategiesforeachphaseofthenegotiationprocess:opening,middle
game,andendgame.Likemasterchessplayers,theycometothetableknowinghowtheyaregoingto
open.Theyunderstandthat,fromthere,strategieshavetobeflexiblebecausehowtheiropponentsrespond
toopeningoffersisunpredictable.Nevertheless,theyplanaheadasmuchaspossible.
AnyMethodofNegotiationmaybefairlyjudgedbysomecriteria:itshouldproduceawiseagreement,it
shouldbeefficientanditshouldimproveoratleastnotdamagetherelationshipbetweentheparties.Awise
agreementcanbedefinedasonethatmeetsthelegitimateinterestsofeachsidetotheextentpossible,resolvesthe
conflictinginterestsfairlyandisdurable.
29
Nr

Howcanawiseagreementbedefined?
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________

Whatarethefourstepsonemustfollowinanegotiation?
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
1.Buteffectivenessisasmuchamatterofattitudeasitis
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
2.Ifyouwanttohavearelationshipwiththepartyonthe
otherendofthephone,youmustnegotiate.
____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________

1.Negotiation
2.Anegotiationis
3.Negotiationis,inshort,
4.Effectivenessis
5. Comment on: Manyattributesgointomakingaskillfulnegotiator.

____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
TOTAL
II. II. Grammar. Insert the correct question-word a

the verbs in the correct tense form, fill in the bla
1.Theylaunchedanewadvertising(agency/campaign)__
fortheirbrand(awareness/name)_________________
theworld.
2.Ifshe(realize)______________________howvaluabl
(give)____________________________ itaway
3.Celiaissureshehasseen_____UFO.
_________wasthefirstcountrytoputamanintosp
4.(Lately/late)___________________shehasbeen
(freely/free)___________________fromthefashio
5.Tomslife(not used to)___________________b
daysinthecityweresounpleasantthathe(be go
movestraightbackhome.
30
III. Civilization topic. Manypeopleareinspiredby
Howdoyouthink,why?(usesomespecificreasonsin
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
IV. Written production. WhydoweloveEminescu/

____________________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
Test 13
Ways to nurture social relationships
Humanbeingsaresocialcreatures.However,mostofusrequiresomecoachinginorderto
interacteffectivelywithpeopleinourlife.Oneofthemostimportantskillsyoucandeveloptobe
successfulinyourprofessionallifeistobesuccessfulinnurturingandgrowingrelationships.Time
spentonthisactivitywillcreatelastingbenefitsforeveryone.So,therearesomeimportantwaysyou
cantendtotheserelationshipssothatbothyouandtheycansucceedtoyourhighestaspirations.
Itissaidthatyouareonlyasgoodasyourwordtherefore,alwayskeepyourword.Ifaperson
is known as reliable and keeps his promises he will earn the respect of others and polish his
reputationtoarichsheen.Whenapersondoeswhathesays.Othersknowthatheissomeonetobe
countedonandthisreinforcesapersonsselfrespect.Anotherwaywhichguaranteesasuccessful
socialrelationshipistreatingotherswithrespectandappreciatingthosearoundyou.Donottake
anyoneforgranted,honoreveryonescontributionsandacknowledgetheroletheyplayinyourlife.
Itisofparamountimportancetopayattentiontopeoplesprioritiesaswellandnotjusttoourown.
So,wemusttreatpeoplearoundusworthyofconsideration.Additionally,forbeingincomfortwith
youandtheothers,forgivewhennecessary.Aslongaspeopleputforththeirbesteffortandconduct
themselveshonorably,onemustmakeroomfortheoccasionalerror,showempathyandcompassion.
31
Each of us feels a connection with someone else. This connection fluctuates in direct
proportiontohowmuchyougiveversushowmuchyoutake.Connectionscomeinmanyforms.On
onehandweneedtoconnectwithpeopleonthingsthatmattertothem.This,ofcourse,startswith
caring.Wealsocanmakeconnectionsforpeoplewithotherpeople.Onceyouknowtheirinterests
andneeds,youcanintroducethemtoothers,connectthemtoresourcesand/orconnectthemto
anythingelsethatwouldhelpthem.
Therefore,nurtureasocialrelationshipbymakingiteasytopeopletointeractwithyou.
Listentotheirneedsandwants,buildloyaltyandtrustwhichinturnwillmakeyouavaluableperson.
Lookforopportunitiestoshowyourtrust,knowingthatpeopletendtoliveuptothetrustplacedin
them.Willyouoccasionallybedisappointed?Sure.Butwillyoubuildrelationshipsfurtherandfaster
in every other situation (and perhaps even in the relationship where you are disappointed)?
Absolutely.
Ifyouwanttonurturerelationships,youhavetosincerelycareaboutpeople,theirthoughts
andfeelings,andtheirwellbeing.Itisoftensaid:Peopledontcarehowmuchyouknow,untilthey
knowhowmuchyoucare.Yourprofessionalexpertiseandknowledgematters,ofcourse,butkeepit
inperspective.
Nr

Whathappenswhenapersonkeepshispromises?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

Whatisanotherwaywhichguaranteesasuccessfulsocialrelationship?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
1.Onemustntmakeroomfortheoccasionalerror,showempathyand
T F
_______________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
2.Forbeingincomfortwithyouandtheothers,forgivewhennecessa
_______________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

1.Eachofusfeels
2.Nurtureasocialrelationship
3.Mostofusrequire
4.Buildloyaltyandtrust
32
5. Comment on: Donottakeanyoneforgranted.
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
TOTAL
II. II. Grammar. Fill in the blanks using the correct

sentences complete using the appropriate form of
1.Throughouttheinterrogationhe(denied/rejected)______
(something/anything)_________________todo
2.(Most of my/Most of)_____________________
3.Youreimagining______things.Allyourfear
4.We(go)___________onholidaynextFriday.T
at5a.m.,sowe(sunbathe)_________________
5.Schoolbreaks__________forEasteron2ndA
6.Itsnouse(to go/going)__________________
study.
III. Civilization topic. WritethenamesofsomeHisto

interestingdetailsaboutyourfavoriteone.
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
IV. Written production. Shouldteachingbeaboutgiv

skillstogivestudentstoolsforfindinginformationthem
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
33
Test 14
Academic qualification ensures success in life
Thedefinitionofsuccessdiffersfrompersontopersonandfieldtofield.Onecouldtakeeconomic
successasatouchstonetolabelapersonsuccessfulinlife,whereasothersmaylookatthecapacityfor
overcomingchallengesmakingthepersonasuccessfulone.Whetheroneisproposingmarriage,applying
forajoborlookingforanewbusinesspartner,thefirstthingpeopleaskis,"whatdoyoudo?"Inother
words they judge you by your academic qualifications. No biodata rsum or curriculum vitae is
acceptablewithouttheinclusionofeducationqualifications.Thereforeitisanunannouncedruleofthe
socialworldthataman'sacquisitionofacademicqualificationsisagiantleaptowardsopportunitiesin
everywalkoflife.
Academicqualificationsensureyouhavethebasicsinlearning.IfyourbasicgroundinginMaths,
ScienceandLanguagesisstrong,youcangetsuccessinlifebecausemasteringthesesubjectsallowsyou
to calculate, to innovate and to communicate. These essentials for success cannot be learnt without
professionalhelpinschools,collegesanduniversities.Andinordertoprovethatsomeonehasacquired
thisknowledge,theyaretested.Iftheirlearningissatisfactory,thentheyaregivenacertificatetoindicate
theircompetenceanacademicqualification.TheremaybeafewpeoplelikeBillGatesandotherswho
havemadeit,inspiteoftheirdropoutbackgroundandlackofacademicqualifications,butcanthisbe
generalized?ShouldonetellhischildtoleaveschoolingbecauseifBillGatescandoittheycanalsodoit?
Afewexceptionscannotbetakenasageneralrule.
An academic education gives people a rounded experience of life, with opportunities to meet
peoplefromawiderangeofbackgroundsandtoconsidertheimportanceinlifeofvaluesandculture.
These are necessary things required to label a person successful in all aspects of life. More broadly,
widespreadfurthereducationmakesusacivilizednation.Itupliftsourmoralsandethicsbyexposingusto
thegreatthinkersofthepast.Itmakesusawareofourrightsandliberties,andhelpsentrenchaliberal
democracywithactivecitizensandalivelymedia.However,ontheotherhand,successisnotgettinga
gradeoradegree.Ifthatwasitthenwhyaren'tallthegraduatesfromHarvard,OxfordorCambridge
uniformlysuccessful?
Theruleofsuccessishardworkanddestinyofcourse.Ifastudentofengineeringgetsgoodgrades
butheisnotpracticallyeffectiveinrelationshipbuildingsandsolvingcrisesorproperplanning,even
thoughhemaybesuccessfulingettingajobbutitwillnotleadhimfar.Onthewayheissuretofadeout.
So qualifications alone are never enough, success depends upon physical characteristics,
personality,andawillingnesstoworkhard.
Nr Items

Towhataman'sacquisitionofacademicqualificationsiscompare
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
Whatdoesanacademiceducationgivepeople?
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
34

1.Theruleofsuccessishardworkanddestinyofcourse.T
______________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
2. Essentialsforsuccesscannot
collegesanduniversities.
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________

1.Morebroadly,widespreadfurthereducation
2. Academicqualifications
3. Success
4. Afewexceptions
5. Comment on: Qualificationsaloneareneverenough.

______________________________________________________________
_________________ 0
_______________________________________________________________________________ 3
5
_______________________________________________________________________________
79
_______________________________________________________________________________
TOTAL
AI. II. Grammar. Complete the sentences using the appropriate form of the verbs in
brackets. Underline the correct variant using the words in bold.
1. Wedrathergoing/have
2.IdlovetohelpyoubutImextremely/utterlybrokeatthemoment.
3. Wehadanicepartyat
4. Whenweenteredtheoff
things______________________(steal).Everyone/Eachhadlost
something/anything. Every/some money (scatter)__________________ onthe

floor.
5. Berlinholdsanannua
(So/Neither/Venice.)______________________________
6. Youaremaking(-/one

Writealistoftouristat
4
____________________________________________________________________ 8
____________________________________________________________________ 12
____________________________________________________________________ 16
____________________________________________________________________ 20
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
35
IV. Written production. Oneisrichwhenhe/shehas
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
Test 15
Nostradamus
MicheldeNostredame(14Decemberor21December15032July1566),usuallylatinised
toNostradamus,wasaFrenchapothecarywhopublishedcollectionsofpropheciesthathavesince
becomefamousworldwide.HeisbestknownforhisbookLesPropheties("TheProphecies"),the
firsteditionofwhichappearedin1555.
Nostradamus,theauthorofthefamousCenturies,wasanunusualmanforhistime.Hewasa
practicingphysician,astronomerandastrologerwholivedinthemid16thcentury(15031566)who
turnedhishandtoprophecylaterinlife.Nostradamuswrotemessagesfromthepasttothefuturein
theformofshortpoemsconsistingoffourlineseachcalledQuatrains.InhislifetimeNostradamus
completedatotalof942quatrains.HisfollowerssayhepredictedtheFrenchRevolution,thebirth
andrisetopowerofHitler,andtheassassinationofJohnF.Kennedy.Healsopredictedotherevents,
suchastheGreatFireofLondon(1666)andtheexileofNapoleontoAlba,thedeathofLadyDiana
th
andthedestructionoftheTwinTowersonthe11 ofSeptember.
So,Nostradamusdedicatedhislifetowritinglongletterstoworldleaderswarningthemof
futureevents.Thefactisthathewasqualifiedasamagicianaccordingtothedefinitionsofthose
days, which was anyone who produced visions and predictions through scrying. Scrying was
consideredtobeaformofconjuringspiritsandNostradamustaughthimselfthisskillbyreading
ancienttextsaboutEgyptianandAlexandrianmagic.However,theVaticandecidedthatmagicians
wereevilandtheiractivitywasacrimepunishablebydeath.Therefore,Nostradamususedatrickto
disguise his work which was scrambling the quatrains. This explains why when you read the
quatrains,heseemstobereferringtoincidentsfromallofthecenturiesatthesametime.
TheresultofallofNostradamussecretmagicalstudies,paganrituals,codingandconjuringis
theTenCenturies.EachCenturyisoneofthemostcrypticlongestandmostpoeticlettersever
writtentocitizensofthefuture.Thequatrainsconsistofamysticvisionthatwascapableofscanning
eventsthatwouldtakeplaceoverthousandsofyears.Thequatrainsareinessencemissivesfroma
prophetwhowasdirectlywarningusoftheapocalypsetocome.
36
Nr

TowhatdidNostradamusdedicatehislife?
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
Whatdothequatrainsconsistof?
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________

1.InhislifetimeNostradamuscompletedatotalof972quatrains.
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
2.NostradamuswasanEnglishapothecarywhopublishedco
T F
____________________________________________________
_________________________________________________

1.Nostradamus
2.Nostradamuswrotemessages
3.Nostradamus,theauthorofthe
famousCenturies,
4.Hisfollowerssayhepredicted
5. Comment on: Scryingwasconsideredtobeaformofconjuringspirits.

_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
TOTAL
II. II. Grammar. Use the appropriate form of the wo

sentences complete. Insert the correct article and
1.Ivebought___________________(hardly any/none)newclothe
2.Theywere____________(totally/very)overjoyedto
3.Wecantbesureabout_____historyof_____
earlierthanwethink.
4.Wewerent____________________________
fortheconcert.
5.Dontlaugh!Ifeel_______________________(exh
6.Iwouldliketocongratulateyou_________pa
7.People______________bemoreresponsible.Everyone____
(ought to, must,may, had better).
37
III. Civilization topic. Useyourknowledgetowritea
thatimpressedyoumost.
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
IV. Written production. Whatwouldyoudotomakeyourdrea

(810lines)
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
Test 16
Ethics in Public Speaking
Oftenmanagershavetodeliverpresentationswithunpleasantcontent.Thevicepresidenthas
toannouncethatthereisahiringfreezeoradownsizing.Thehumanresourcedirectorspeakstothe
employeesaboutabenefitspackagewithfewerbenefits.Becauseexecutivesareoftenspeakingin
difficultsituations,themorecredibilitytheycandevelop,themorethecontentwillbeconsidered
andaccepted.Speakerswillhavelittleornoimpactonaudiencesifaudiencemembersdon'trespect
themandwhattheyhavetosay.
Whatmakesustrustaspeakerorbelievethatheorsheisareliablesource?
First,showrespectforyouraudience.Don'tinsultyouraudienceinanyway.Racialslursand
profanity are obviously unethical, but in addition, don't show disrespect for people's gender,
backgrounds,positions,appearances,ornationalities.Don'tputpeopledownbecauseoftheirlackof
knowledgeofatopic;sometimestheirlackofinformationistheveryreasonyouhavebeenaskedto
speak.
Second,choosetopicsthatareconsistentwithyourpersonalbeliefs.Picktopicsimportantto
youthatyouliveoutonadailybasis.Youmightbeabletocrafteffectivespeechesadvocatingviews
youdonotagreewith,butyouwillbemuchmoreeffectiveandethicalifyouadvocateopinionsyou
actuallyhold.ItisalsoveryimportanttoRespectthetimeofyouraudience.Know
38
whattimeyouareexpectedtofinishandfinishatthattime.Itisaninsulttoyouraudiencemembers
andanabuseofyouropportunitytospeaktokeepthemten,fifteen,orthirtyminutesmorethanwhat
isexpectedofyou.
Additionally,ifyouwantyourspeechtobeasuccessprepareforit.Alackofpreparation
wouldscareevenaseasonedprofessionalspeaker.Andso,youwillalwaysfeelmoreconfidentwhen
youknowwhattodoandsay.Thus,spendanappropriateamountoftimeplanningyourpresentation.
Research the audience's expectations and prior knowledge by interviewing key members of the
audience..Then,beforeyoudeliverthepresentation,rehearsewithaclocktomakesureyouwill
finishwithintheallottedtime.
Nr Items

Whatisconsideredtobeaninsulttoyouraudiencemembers?
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________

Whatarethetipsaspeakermustfollowtobeareliablesource?
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
3. Identify the correct variant (True/False). Justify your choice
1.Youshouldputpeopledownbecauseoftheirlackofknow
_________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
2.Don'tinsultyouraudienceinanyway.T
_______________________________________________________
_________________________________________________

1.Beforeyoudeliverthepresentation,
2.Youwillalwaysfeelmoreconfidentwhenyou
3.Spendanappropriateamountoftime
4.Picktopicsimportanttoyou
5. Comment on: Youmightbeabletocrafteffectivespeechesa

notagreewith.
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
TOTAL
39
II. Grammar. Use the appropriate form of the wo
sentences complete.
1.TheSmithstoldherthey(hope)______________she(le
themhercar.Theyaddedthattheirs(repair)____
2.Sue,_____________________youmindifSim
______________askPattytoo. (would/could)
3.EveryoneenjoyedJacksconcert( black,
_______________________________________
4.There(not be)________________enoughcoa
5.Itwastoolateto(do/make)_______________
6.Theyexplained(us/--)______________thatit
theport.
7.It(used to/think)________________________
III. Civilization topic. WritesomefactsabouttheHi

USA
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
IV. Written production. Classmatesareamoreimpo

childssuccessinschool.
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
40
Test 17
GMO products
Oursocietyhasundergonemanychangesduetotheworldsevolution,technologicaladvancementand
thedemographicboom.Demographicboomisoneofthemaincausesofdamageweinflictontheplanetwhichis
interlinkedwiththepovertyandhungerissues.
Amonggovernmentalpoliciesandstrategiestosolvesocialissuesscientistshavestrickenoutinnew
directions: the Genetically Modified Organisms and chemically treated food, as an essential measure of
preventionofhungerandmalnutritionproblems.Nonetheless,theseproductshavegeneratedsomecriticismdue
tothefactthatthehealthcare systemisexposedtosome major risks.Therefore,humanityisconfrontinga
veritablesocialissue:howsafethefoodproductsareforourhealth.Moreover,theGeneticModificationoffood
isanissuethathasenteredthemainstreammediainalotofcountriessincealotoffoodthatweeattoday
containsgeneticallymodifiedingredientsandusuallywithoutourknowledge.ThetermGMfoodsorGMOs
(geneticallymodifiedorganisms)ismostcommonlyusedtorefertocropplantscreatedforhumanoranimal
consumptionusingthelatestmolecularbiologytechniques.Theseplantshavebeenmodifiedinthelaboratoryto
enhancedesiredtraitssuchasincreasedresistancetoherbicidesorimprovednutritionalcontent.Futureenvisaged
applications of GMOs are diverse andinclude drugs infood, bananas that produce human vaccinesagainst
infectiousdiseasessuchasHepatitisB,metabolicallyengineeredfishthatmaturemorequickly,fruitandnuttrees
thatyieldyearsearlierandplantsthatproducenewplasticswithuniqueproperties.
Manypeoplefeelthatgeneticengineeringistheinevitablewaveofthefutureandthatwecannotafford
toignoreatechnologythathassuchenormouspotentialbenefits.However,wemustproceedwithcautionto
avoidcausingunintendedharmtohumanhealthandthe environmentasaresultof ourenthusiasmforthis
powerfultechnology,sothatnottofacestoriesaboutgeneticengineeringthatwouldmakeheadlinenews,such
as:ricegrownwithhumangenes,meatfromclonedanimals,sheepthatare15percenthumanatthecellularlevel
inhopesofusingtheseanimalsashumanorganproducingfactoriesinthefuture.
Nr Items

Whyhasoursocietyundergonemanychanges?
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________

WhatisthereasonGMOproductshavegeneratedsomecriticism?
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

1.Manypeoplefeelthatgeneticengineeringistheinevitable
__________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
2.Demographicboomisntoneofthemaincausesofdamage
_______________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
41
1.Alotoffoodthatweeattoday
2.Plantshavebeenmodified
3.Scientistshavestrickenout
4.GMoffoodisanissuethathasentered
5. Comment on: Wemustproceedwithcautiontoavoidcausin

humanhealthandtheenvironment.
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
TOTAL
II. Grammar. Use the appropriate form of the word

sentences complete.
1.Georgelikesspendingwintereveningsinfrontof(French, lovely, his, marble
old-fashioned) _____________________________
2.Hardlyanyoftheplants(look/are looking/looks
3.Therecantbe(many/much)___________________place
Therearehardly(any /no)___________ofmyfrie
soonastheyhad(enough/too much)__________m
ofthemwouldevergobackthere.
4.Somefriends(come)__________________roun
revision.Ithink(have)_____________adrinkbef
5.Itlooks(like/as if)__________________thema
III. Civilization topic. WhatdoyouknowabouttheES
(57lines)
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
IV. Written production.

Criticalthinkingandproblemsolvingskillsareimportant
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
42
Test 18
Indigenous population Challenges
TheculturesintheregionandtheArcticindigenouspeopleshaveadaptedtoitscoldandextreme
conditions.
Duetothepolewardmigrationoftheplanet'sisotherms(about35milesperdecadeduringthepast
30yearsasaconsequenceofglobalwarming),theArcticregion(asdefinedbytreelineandtemperature)
iscurrentlyshrinking.[
TheArcticregionisafocusofinternationalpoliticalinterest.InternationalArcticcooperationgot
underwayonabroadscalewellovertenyearsago.TheInternationalArcticScienceCommittee
(IASC),hundredsofscientistsandspecialistsoftheArcticCouncil,theBarentsEuroArcticCouncil
anditsregionalcooperationhavecompiledhighqualityinformationontheArctic.
Theexistingindigenouspopulationinthecircumpolararcticregionfacespressuresontheir
waysoflife.Theyarethereforeparticularlyvulnerabletoincreasedimmigrationbynonindigenous
peopleasaresultofindustrialdevelopment,andtoincreasedcompetitionforresources.
Anotherproblemlocalpopulationfacesispollution,oftencarriedbycurrentsandwindsfromasfar
awayasRussia,CanadaandeventheUnitedStates.TheArcticiscomparativelyclean,although
therearecertainecologicallydifficultlocalizedpollutionproblemsthatpresentaseriousthreatto
peopleshealthlivingaroundthesepollutionsources.Duetotheprevailingworldwideseaandair
currents,theArcticareaisthefalloutregionforlongrangetransportpollutants,andinsomeplaces
theconcentrationsexceedthelevelsofdenselypopulatedurbanareas.Anexampleofthisisthe
phenomenonofArctichaze,whichiscommonlyblamedonlongrangepollutants.Anotherexample
iswiththebioaccumulationofPCB's(polychlorinatedbiphenyls)inArcticwildlifeandpeople.
Pollutantsendupinlocalwildlife,fromseals,fishandwhales,whichtheneventuallymakeitswayinto
people.
Athirdandcrucialproblemthatthefragilearcticregionanditsindigenouspopulationand
wildlifearealreadyfacingisclimatechange.TheArcticseaiceisimportantinclimatechange:it
reflectsmostofthesunlightbackouttospace,thusminimizingexcessheatbeingtrapped.With
climate change and sea ice melting, there is less sunlight being reflected with more heat being
absorbedbytheoceansandresultinginevenfasterwarming.ThiscouldcausetheGreenlandice
sheet melting which will actually increase sea levels. Possibly this will increase the melting of
permafrostinSiberiaaswell,whichwouldreleasehugeamountsofmethane.
Satelliteobservationsshowthearcticseaicedecreasing,andprojectionsfortherestofthecentury
predictevenmoreshrinkage.OldermembersoftheindigenousInuitpeopledescribehowweather
patternshaveshiftedandchangedinrecentyears,whiletheyalsofacechallengestotheirwayoflife
intheformofincreasedcommercialinterestintheregion.Thiscombinationofenvironmentaland
economicfactorsmakesindigenouspopulationfaceunexpectedchallengeswhichdeterminetheir
lossoftraditions,habitsandintegrity.
TheArcticiscomparativelyclean,althoughtherearecertainecologicallydifficultlocalized
pollution problems that present a serious threat to peoples health living around these pollution
sources.Duetotheprevailingworldwideseaandaircurrents,theArcticareaisthefalloutregionfor
longrangetransportpollutants,andinsomeplacestheconcentrationsexceedthelevelsofdensely
populatedurbanareas.AnexampleofthisisthephenomenonofArctichaze,whichiscommonly
blamed on longrange pollutants. Another example is with the bioaccumulation of PCB's
(polychlorinatedbiphenyls)inArcticwildlifeandpeople.
43
Nr

Accordingtothetext,whatdosatelliteobservationsshow?
______________________________________________
______________________________________________

Whatarethemainproblemsindigenouspopulationfaces?
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________

1.TheArcticseaiceisimportantinclimatechange.T
___________________________________________________
______________________________________________
2.Withclimatechangeandseaicemelting,thereismoresu
T F
___________________________________________________
______________________________________________

1.Thiswillincreasethemeltingofpermafrost
2.ThiscouldcausetheGreenlandice
sheetmelting
3.Environmentalandeconomicfactors
4.TheArcticareaisthefalloutregion
5. Comment on: Pollutantsendupinlocalwildlife,fromseals,fishandwhales,w
theneventuallymakeitswayintopeople.
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
TOTAL
II. Grammar. Fill in the gaps with the correct prep

necessary. Open the brackets and underline the
44
1.Itwaslove______firstsightbutnowtheyar
theirrelationship.
2.Myparentsneverletmebring/to bringfriends
come homeattenoclock.
3.Eventhough_____hopeisourlastchance,
4.I(enjoy)_____________mylifehere.Ihave
often.
5.Mary(invite)_________________tolotsofpa
one.
III. Civilization topic. HowdoyouseeMoldovansocietyin

___________________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
___________________________________________
______________________________________
IV. Written production. Nowadaysmankindconfr

oftenthanever.
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
Test 19
Biodiversity
ThevarietyoflifeonEarth,itsbiologicaldiversityiscommonlyreferredtoasbiodiversity.
Thenumberofspeciesofplants,animals,andmicroorganisms,theenormousdiversityofgenesin
thesespecies,thedifferentecosystemsontheplanet,suchasdeserts,rainforestsandcoralreefsare
allpartofabiologicallydiverseEarth.
Generalinterestinbiodiversityhasgrownrapidlyinrecentdecades,inparallelwiththegrowing
concernaboutnatureconservationgenerally,largelyasaconsequenceofacceleratingrates
45
ofnaturalhabitatloss,habitatfragmentationanddegradation,andresultingextinctionsofspecies.
The IUCN Red List estimates that 1252% of species within wellstudied higher taxa such as
vertebratesandvascularplantsarethreatenedwithextinction.Basedondataonrecordedextinctions
ofknownspeciesoverthepastcentury,scientistsestimatethatcurrentratesofspeciesextinctionare
about100timeshigherthanlongtermaverageratesbasedonfossildata.Otherplausibleestimates
suggestthatpresentextinctionratesnowmayhavereached1000to10,000timestheaverageover
pastgeologictime.TheseestimatesarethebasisoftheconsensusthattheEarthisinthemidstof
thesixthmassextinctioneventinitshistory;thepresentextinctioneventistermedtheHolocene
MassExtinction.
Appropriate conservation and sustainable development strategies attempt to recognize this as
beingintegraltoanyapproach.Almostallcultureshaveinsomewayorformrecognizedtheimportance
thatnature,anditsbiologicaldiversityhashaduponthemandtheneedtomaintainit.Yet,power,greed
andpoliticshaveaffectedtheprecariousbalance.Biodiversityboostsecosystemproductivitywhereeach
species,nomatterhowsmall,allhaveanimportantroletoplay.Forexample,alargernumberofplant
speciesmeansagreatervarietyofcrops;greaterspeciesdiversityensuresnaturalsustainabilityforalllife
forms;andhealthyecosystemscanbetterwithstandandrecoverfromavarietyofdisasters.
Moreover,ahealthybiodiversityprovidesanumberofnaturalservicesforeveryone.And
theseareEcosystemservices,SocialbenefitsandBiologicalresources,suchasfood,medicinal
resources,breedingstocksandwoodproducts.Unfortunately,ithaslongbeenfearedthathuman
activityiscausingmassiveextinctions.Despiteincreasedeffortsatconservation,ithasnotbeen
enoughandbiodiversitylossescontinue.Amajorreport,theMillenniumEcosystemAssessment,
releasedinMarch2005highlightedasubstantialandlargelyirreversiblelossinthediversityoflife
onEarththereforeTheInternationalUnionfortheConservationofNature(IUCN)maintainsthe
Red List to assess the conservation status of species, subspecies, varieties, and even selected
subpopulationsonaglobalscale.
Nr

WhatarethecomponentsofabiologicallydiverseEarth?
________________________________________________
________________________________________________

Whatdoesbiodiversityincrease?
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
1.Despiteincreasedeffortsatconservation,ithasbeeneno
continue.
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
2.Power,greedandpoliticshaventaffectedtheprecariousbal
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
46
1.Almostallcultureshaveinsomeway
2.Healthyecosystemscanbetterwithstandand
3.Ithaslongbeenfearedthat
4.Generalinterestinbiodiversity
5. Comment on: Ahealthybiodiversityprovidesanumberofnaturalserv

______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
TOTAL
II. Grammar. Write the verbs in brackets in the corr

complete using the appropriate form of the words
1.Arentyoureadyyet?Iwish(they/hurry)________________________
2.Thephotocopier(not seem)_______________
press/pressing thegreenbutton.
3.Thestaffintheuniversityare/isnothappywiththeir/its
conditions.
4.Thebatteriesinthephone(need/change)_____
5.It(freeze)_________________today.Iam agree/agr
6.Whatthe/a/beautifulscenery!
III. Civilization topic. PresentsomefactsabouttheU

(57lines)
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
IV. Written production.

Yourgoalsarewhatmoveyoualongyourpersonalgam
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
47
Test 20
How is the banana industry affecting the environment?
Bananasareveryecologicallydemandingspecies.Itpollutestheair,water,andland.Land
isclearedinordertomakespaceforbananaplantations,butbecausebananatreesshednonatural
leaflittertofeedthesoil,itdepletesveryquickly.Plantationsarethereforeforcedtoexpand,and
the problems associated with banana production grow. Deforestation and unhealthy soil cause
erosion,andtherunoffcausesfrequentfloodinganddamagefromsedimentation.Ina1997astudy
doneonthecoastofCostaRica,discoveredthat60percentofthecoralreefsinCahuitaNational
Parkhadbeenseverelydamagedduetorunofffromcoastalbananaplantations.
Heavypesticideusealsocausesproblems.Inanattempttomeetthedemandforesthetically
perfectbananas,over400typesofagrochemicalsareused.Infact,morechemicalsareusedduring
bananaproductionthananyothercropwiththeexceptionofcotton.Thesechemicalscanleadto
sterility,cancer,anddeath.Insectsbecomeresistanttomanyofthesepesticides,thereforestronger,
more toxic chemicals are needed. These chemicals affect mammals, birds, and plants, and the
biodiversityoftheareaquicklydisappears.Pesticidesalsodestroythepossibilityforpioneerplant
speciestogrow,andtheareadies.
Lastly,accordingtotheWorldWildlifeFundthebananaindustryproducesmorewastethan
anyotheragriculturalsectorinthedevelopingworld. It is estimated that for every one ton of
bananasproduced,therearetwotonsofwaste.Thiswasteincludesindustrialplasticbagsthatcover
thebananasduringgrowingstages,thestringthattiesupthesebags,andthecontainersthebananas
are carried in. Banana trees only bear fruit once in their lifetime, therefore once bananas are
cultivated,thetreeisnolongeruseful,andgoestowaste.Also,those30to40percentofbananas
thatdonotmeetestheticstandardsarethrownaway.Mostofthiswasteispoisonedwithtoxic
pesticidesandharmstheenvironment.Althoughinternationalenvironmentalstandardshavebeen
createdinordertoreducetheseproblems,manycompaniesfailtofollowthem.
SomeconsumersinUnitedStates,Europe(inparticularSwitzerland)orJapanarewillingto
buyfairtradeandorganicbananaseveniftheircostishigher.Theyarereadytopayapremium
abovetheregularbananapriceiftheyareguaranteedthatthebananastheyareconsumingare
producedundersoundenvironmentalandsocialconditions.Thepremiummaygofrom30%to80%
ofthenormalbananaprice.Followingtheseconsumerdemands,supermarketsareorientatingtheir
bananabusinessinthisdirection, with an increasing presence of this kind of products in their
outlets.Thebananaindustryisthereforebeingpushedtomoveintofairtradeandorganicbanana
production. With their influence, consumers can help to increase environmental and social
sustainabilityintheexportbananaindustry.
Nr Items

Whyaremanytypesofagrochemicalsused?
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
48
WhatdoestheWorldWildlifeFundstateaboutbananaindustry?
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
3. Identify the correct variant (True/False). Justify your choi
1.Deforestationandunhealthysoilcauseerosion.
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
2.Morechemicalsareusedduringbananaproductionthana
exceptionofcotton.
________________________________________________
________________________________________________

1.Thesechemicalscanleadto
2.Bananatreesonlybear
3.Thesechemicalsaffect
4.Thebananaindustryisbeingpushed
5. Comment on: Becausebananatreesshednonaturalleaflittertofeedth

depletesveryquickly.
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
TOTAL
II. Grammar. Complete the sentences with an appr

form of the verbs in brackets.
1.LindashoutedCatch!and(throw)_______________
throughthewindow.
2.Twopeople(report/injure)_________________
explosionatafactorythismorning.
3.I(dare not) ____________________tellhim
4.I(not realize)_______________________th
____________________(know) that,Iwouldha
5.Ishouldhavelistenedtoyou.IwishI________
6.Therewasabeautifulpictureinthenewspaper,so
_________it.
49
Useyourknowledgetopresentsomeinformationabo
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
IV. Written production. Eachgenerationhasdiffere

betweenthetwoextremelydifficult.
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
50
NOTES
51
52

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Teste Bac 2012

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Eizaveta Onofreiciuc

Angela Cazacu Lilia

Coordonator: Brnz Eugenia, consultant,

Machetare computerizat: Renata Raa

Descrierea CIP a Camerei Naionale a Crii

Cazacu Angela, E. Onofreiciuc,

Part I deals with Text Comprehension, containing an unknown text and

Part IV consists of Written Production.

We hope this brochure, that is an up-to-date reference concerning exams,

1. Answer the question.

2. Answer the question.

4. Match the parts together to get entire sentences.

5. Comment on: Everyoneiswelcometojoinsocialnetworkingsitesand

II. II. Grammar. Complete the sentences using the w

3.Iwishthey(not always complain )________

III. Civilization topic. Healthcaresystemsaredifferentinvario

I. Read the text and accomplish the post-reading tasks.

1. Answer the question.

2. Answer the question.

3. Identify the correct variant (True/False). Justify your choice.

4. Match the two parts to make up entire sentences.

5. Comment on: Eveninthefaceofdisconfirmingevidence,weoftenclingtoour

(a/little; more/much; a/few)

III. Civilization topic.

IV. Written production. WhatistheEuropeanUnionforyou?

I. Read the text and accomplish the post-reading tasks.

Whats it all about?

1. Answer the question.

2. Answer the question.

3. Identify the correct variant (True/False). Justify your choice

5. Comment on: Inthepursuitofhappiness,itisonlythepursuitofration

II. II. Grammar. Insert the correct article, underline

III. Civilization topic. Ifyouwereofferedtotravelaroundthe

IV. Written production. Bloomtherewhereyouwere

I. Read the text and accomplish the post-reading tasks.

The Yin Yang significance

1. Answer the question.

2. Answer the question.

4. Match the two parts to make up entire sentences.

5. Comment on: ChineseYinYangsymbolsrepresentperfectbalance.

II. II. Grammar. Fill in the blanks with the correct m

4.What an/how anamazingsightthePyramidsare!

III. Civilization topic. Whatistheenvironmentalimpactofclim

1. Answer the question.

2. Answer the question.

3. Identify the correct variant (True/False). Justify your choice.

4. Match the two parts to make up entire sentences.

III. Civilization topic. Listsomewondersofthemod

IV. Written production. WhatistheroleoftheBig

I. Read the text and accomplish the post-reading tasks.

1. Answer the question.

2. Answer the question.

3. Identify the correct variant (True/False). Justify your choic

II. II. Grammar. Underline the correct variant usin

III. Civilization topic. Namevolunteerorganization

IV. Written production. Identifysomedifficultiesso

I. Read the text and accomplish the post-reading tasks.

The History of Waltz

1. Answer the question.

2. Answer the question.

3. Identify the correct variant (True/False). Justify your ch

4. Match the two parts to make up entire sentences.

5. Comment on: Muchoftheenjoymentofthenewdancewaslostinth

III. Civilization topic. Whiletourismcanbeapowerfulpositiveforceforchangeinpoor

_ mistakeIopenedMarysletterinstead __myown.Shewasveryangry