SBI3013: Information and Communication Technology in Biology

GROUP B
SEMESTER 1 SESSION 2016/2017

Title: Data Logger (Osmosis)

Prepared By:

No. Name Matrix No.

1 Siti Fatimah Binti Mohd Zamri D20162075553
2 Mildred Paula Anak Sagat D20162075572
3 Ojie Folorennah Fin Majlis D20162075568

Lecturers Name:
Azmi Bin Ibrahim

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 CONTENTS

No. Contents Page

1. 1.0 Introduction: What is data logger? 3
2. 2.0 Application of Data Logger 3-4
3. 3.0 Advantages & Disadvantages of Data Logging 4
4. 4.0 Introduction of Experiment 5
5. 5.0 Objective of Experiment 5
6. 6.0 Materials & Apparatus 5
7. 7.0 Procedure / Methodology of Experiment 6-7
8. 8.0 Result 8
9. 9.0 Analysis Data 9
10. 10.0 Questions 9
11. 11.0 Conclusion 10
12. 12.0 Reference 10

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1.0 Introduction: What is data logger?

Data logger is an electronic instrument or device that records data over time or in
relation to location either with a built in instrument or sensor or via external instruments and
sensors. Typically data loggers is small, battery powered device that are equipped with a
memory for data storage, microprocessor, and sensors. Most of its interface with a personal
computer and utilise software to activate the logger and analyse the collected data.

In fact, data logger can be use indoor, outdoor or even underwater to collect data such
as temperature, humidity and concentration .The major advantage application of these types
of devices is that it can reduce time usage and provide accurate result as because data logger
helps in collecting data with high degree of accuracy.

There are various types of data loggers which are based on the way the data being recorded
and stored. The obvious difference between the two data logger types is that one type allows
the data to be stored in a memory so it can be retrieved again anytime. While the other type
automatically records the data on paper to allow us view and analysis immediately. These
two types can be combining so it can have two functions at the same time usually unequally,
with the emphasis on either the ability to transfer the data or to provide a printout of it.

2.0 Application of Data Logger

Data logger is used widely in many industries. We can see that the world apply data logger in
so many ways. For instance, construction industries apply data logger when curing concrete,
structural testing, temperature monitoring for construction material and vibration monitoring.
In these industries they use data logger because data logger can be used in any weather or
situation.

Environmentalist also use data logger because there are special data logger use to
monitor and record environmental data. Environmental application includes humidity, wind
speed, temperature, pollution monitoring, barometric pressure and measuring rainfall. In
addition, oil and gas also apply data logger application .This industries include recovery and
processing, monitoring temperature and pressure, pumping efficiency and water pressure as
well.

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Next, automotive industries cover a broad range of projects including performance validation,
engine manufacturing, fuel efficiency testing, emissions testing, fleet management, and many
more. Data logger provides highly-accurate, sophisticated data logger and data acquisition
devices for all application. Last but not least, the food and agriculture industries did not leave
the data logger application behind. The industries use data logger in food processing, quality
assurance, coffee brewing, wine growing and also monitoring the pest control effectiveness.

3.0 Advantages and Disadvantages of Data Logging

Data logging is the automatic capture and storage of data, without human intervention. A
computer collects the data at pre-determined intervals depending on the requirements of the
application, without the need for the human supervision. The process of the data logging
occurs twenty-four hours per day, seven days per week, in a continuous way. Since physical
quantities which include light, pressure, and temperature are continuously varying quantities,
they are described as analogue values and have to be converted to a digital format before they
can be used in a computer.

However, there are pros and cons by using data logging in our daily life. The
advantages of the data logging includes data logging can be carried out in any time as in it is
very flexible to use. Other than that, time intervals for collecting data can be very frequent
and regular, for instance, hundreds of measurements per second. Besides that, data logging is
often more accurate because there is no likehood of human error. Moreover, data logging can
be used in hazardous environments such as nuclear power stations and data can be processed
faster. The graphs and table of results can be produced automatically by the data logging
software.

Last but not least, one of the main disadvantages of the data logging is that the equipment
could be break down or failed to work or malfunction, important data will be lost or readings
or the results of the experiment will get distracted or being obtained wrongly. Apart from
that, the cost of communication systems can be high since it is high technology and the price
will surely increasing from time to time and expensive. Even small task can cost the
equipment to be expensive. Hence, the sensors must be carefully calibrated otherwise they
could be taking the wrong readings which leads to wrong discussion.

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4.0 Introduction of Experiment: Osmosis

Osmosis is defined as a diffusion process of solvent (for water molecules only) whereby the
water molecules move from a region of high water concentration (dilute solution) to a region
of low water concentration (concentrated solution) through a partially permeable membrane.
The experiment conducted used a gas pressure sensor to measure the rate of pressure
(osmotic pressure) change as water moves in to out of the cell with dialysis tube filled in by
various concentration of syrup solution 50%, 90% and 100%. Therefore, the pressure
change in the osmosis process is used as the indicator to observe the osmosis progress is
because based on the formula as below:

Water potential () = pressure potential (p) + solute potential (s)

5.0 Objective

I. To investigate the relationship between water movement and solute concentration by

using Gas Pressure sensor.
II. To study the relationship of solute concentration with osmotic pressure

6.0 Materials and Apparatus

Computer
Vernier computer interface 600mL beaker

Logger Pro (software) Plastic syringe

Three 16x100mm test tubes

20cm piece of plastic tubing
Test tube rack
25Ml graduated cylinder
50%, 90% , 100% concentration of syrup solutions
Dialysis tubing, 2.5cmx15cm
Utility clamp
Ring stand
Plastic tubing clamp
Plastic tubing with Luer connector

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7.0 Procedure / Methodology of Experiment

1. Place four test tubes in a rack and label them 90%, 80%, 70%, and 60%.

2. Fill each test tube with 15 mL of the corresponding syrup solution.

3. Connect the plastic tubing with the Luer connector to the valve on the Gas Pressure Sensor.

4. Connect the Gas Pressure Sensor to the computer interface. Prepare the computer for data
collection by opening the file 22 Osmosis from the Biology with Vernier folder of Logger
Pro.

5. Using a ring stand and clamp, mount the pressure sensor above the insulated water
container, as in Figure 1. Note: Be careful not to get any solution on the sensor.

6. Obtain a piece of wet dialysis tubing and dialysis tubing clamp and clamp off one end as
shown in Figure 2.

7. Prepare the dialysis tubing.

a.) Connect the 20 cm segment of plastic tubing to the syringe and draw up the
contents of the 90% syrup solution.

b.) Rub the open end of the dialysis tubing between your thumb and forefinger to
create an opening.

c.) Insert the end of the plastic tube into the dialysis tubing and carefully inject the
syrup solution as shown in Figure 3.

d.) Rinse the syringe and tubing with water and set it aside.

8. Complete the experimental setup.

a.) Slide a plastic tubing clamp on to the plastic tubing connected to the Gas Pressure
Sensor.

b.) Insert the end of the tubing into the top of the dialysis tubing filled with the syrup
solution so that it is about 1 cm above the liquid.

c.) Wrap the dialysis tubing tightly around the plastic tube.

d.) Slide the clamp over the end of the wrapped dialysis tubing and squeeze the tubing
clamp shut as shown in Figure 4, leaving minimal airspace above the liquid. Osmosis
Biology with Vernier 22 - 3

9. Fill the insulated water container with 600 mL of 37 C water and place th the clamped
dialysis tube in the container. Check that the dialysis tubing holding the solution is
completely submerged and without kinks. Wait five minutes.

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10. After 5 minutes click to begin data collection.

11. When data collection is finished, carefully release the tubing clamp by pushing up on
one-side of the clamp while pushing down on the other. Important: Do not disconnect the
tubing from the sensor prior to releasing the tubing clamp. There will be enough pressure
within the dialysis tubing to create a mess.

12. Rinse out the dialysis tubing and beaker.

13. Determine the rate of change in osmotic pressure.

a.) Move the mouse pointer to the point where the data values begin to increase. Hold
down the left mouse button. Drag the mouse pointer to the end of the data and release
the mouse button.

b.) Click the Linear Fit button, , to perform a linear regression. A floating box will
appear with the formula for a best fit line.

c.) Record the slope of the line, m, as the rate of change in osmotic pressure for a 50%
syrup solution.

d.) Close the linear regression floating box.

14. Store the data by choosing Store Latest Run from the Experiment menu.

15. Repeat the Steps from 614 for the remaining syrup solutions (90% and 100% syrup
solution)

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8.0 Result

I. Tabulated Data

Table 1

Syrup Concentration (%) Rate of Pressure Change (kPa/min)

50 0.10
90 0.36
100 0.50

II. Graf

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9.0 Analysis Data

Based on the data been collected by data logger (Refer Result Graf), it can be analysed that
the higher the solute (syrup) concentration, the higher the rate of pressure change exerted in a
solution which indicate the increase of water movement (osmosis) from the higher water
concentration region (beaker) to the low water concentration region (dialysis tube).

In addition, as the concentration of syrup increases, the solution in the dialysis tube
become hypertonic (higher solute concentration but lower water potential) compared to the
solution in the beaker which is more hypotonic (lower solute concentration but higher water
potential), thus causing water molecules from the beaker to move into the semi-permeable
dialysis tube down the concentration gradient until equilibrium system (homogenous state) is
achieved in the solution.

Last but not least, application of data logger in this experiment by using Gas pressure
sensor enables us to monitor the progress of osmosis. Over a period of time when water
enters the dialysis tube, even small changes can be measured.

10.0 Questions

1. Does syrup move in or out of the cell?

2. What is the relationship between the rate of change in pressure (kPa) with the osmosis
3. Why the insulated water container must be fixed in 37C?
4. Does the change of the insulated water container temperature will affect the rate of
change of pressure exerted?
5. Why different concentrations of solute (syrup) affect the rate of change of pressure
(kPa)
6. What is the weakness of the dialysis model?

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11.0 Conclusion

We can conclude that the data logger is used in collecting readings automatically by
using sensors. Data logging is also used for storing and processing readings by using
computers. Other than that, by exploring the software of the data logger, students can
actually conduct the experiment easily and obtained the results of the experiment
immediately without any human error. Last but not least, students can improve and
widen their knowledge in critical thinking when facing the tough questions and
applying the concept that have been taught. It is crystal clear that the used of data
logger actually give benefits to both teachers and students.

12.0 Reference

Book

Charlie Lok et all (2010). Ace Ahead STPM Text Biology Volume 1. Third Edition.
Selangor. Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd.

Internet Sources

Osmosis. Retrieved on 20th March 2017 from

phschool.com/scwwwience/biology_place/labbench/lab1/watcalc.html
Osmosis. Retrieved on 17th March 2017 from
https://www.vernier.com/files/innovate/BWV-22-COMP-osmosis.pdf
Data Logger. Retrieved on 21st March 2017 from http://www.ni.com/data_logger/
Calculating Water Potential. Retrieved on 20th March 2017 from
http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/labbench/lab1/watcalc.html
Advantage and Disadvantage of Data Logging. Retrieved on 19th March 2017 from
http://www.teach-ict.com/gcse_new/control/data_logging/miniweb/pg6.htm
Data Logger. Retrieved on 19th March 2017 from http://www.onsetcomp.com/what-is-
a-data-logger

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