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Shank Thread
Head
Length
Grip is the distance from behind the bolt head to the back of the nut or washer
Sum of the thicknesses of all the parts being joined exclusive of washers
Thread length is the threaded portion of the bolt
Bolt length is the distance from behind the bolt head to the end of the bolt
Calibrated Wrench Method
Calibrated Wrench Method
Portable bolt-tension calibration
-converttool output to bolt-tension
-Torque-Control Wrenches
-Turn-of-Nut Method
Skidmore-Wilhelm Calibrator
Turn-of-Nut Method
Turn-of-Nut Method
Installation Procedure:
Check bolts and nuts for rust and lubrication
Install nut and washer with markings up
Washer, if installed, must be under the turned element
Step 1
Tighten bolt to snug tight condition
having all faying surfaces in tight contact
Turn-of-Nut Method
Step 2
Match-Mark bolt tip,
nut and base steel
(this procedure is not required
By RCSC specification)
Step 3
Rotate nut specified
Turn-of-Nut amount
Step 4
Turn-of-Nut Method
ASME Bolts
Grade 5
Grade 8
Bolted Joint Types
R = 52 kips
1 A325 HS bolts
Snug Tight
A325 X Shear-Bearing threads excluded 3 bolts $21.00
A325 N Shear-Bearing threads included 4 bolts $28.00
Pre-tensioned
A325 X Shear-Bearing threads excluded 3 bolts $30.00
A325 N Shear-Bearing threads included 4 bolts $38.50
A325 SC Slip Critical 6 bolts $68.00
Bearing Joints
In a bearing joint the connected elements are assumed to slip into bearing
against the body of the bolt
If the joint is designed as a bearing joint, the load is transferred through
bearing whether the bolt is installed snug-tight or pretensioned
Threads in the Shear Plane
The shear plane is the
plane between two or
more pieces of steel.
The threads of a HS bolt
may or may not be
assumed to be included in
the shear plane; however,
based on the fixed length
Threads Included In The Shear Plane
of thread, it is highly
unlikely.
The bolt capacity is
greater with the threads
are assumed to be
excluded from the shear
plane
The most commonly used
bolt is an ASTM A325 3/4
HS bolt with the threads Threads Excluded From The Shear Plane
assumed to be included in
the shear plane
Slip-Critical Joints
Bearing
Bearing Bearing
Fracture
Yield Fracture
Bearing
Yield
The Specification for Structural Steel Buildings (AISC 2005) defines two
types of connections:
Simple Connections AISC Manual Parts 9 & 10 (above left)
Moment Connections (above right)
Fully-Restrained - AISC Manual Part 12 and
Partially-Restrained - AISC Manual Part 11
Steel Frame Connection Types
All connections have some
amount of rigidity
Simple connections (A) have
some rigidity, but are
assumed to be free to rotate
Partially-Restrained (B and
C) PR moment connections
are designed to be semi-
rigid, ie., limited rotational
resistance
Fully-Restrained (D and E)
FR moment connections are
designed to resist rotation,
ie., fully rigid
Simple Connections
Designed as flexible
connections and are
assumed to be free to
rotate
Vertical shear forces
are the primary
forces transferred by
this connection
Require a lateral-
load-resisting system
for lateral stability
Common Simple Connections
Designed as rigid
connections which allow
little or no rotation
Used in rigid frames
Moment and vertical shear
forces are transferred
through the connection
Two types of moment
connections are permitted:
Fully-Restrained
Partially-Restrained
Moment Connections
PR Moment Connection Wind Only Top and Bottom Angle with Shear End Plate
Connection
Frequently asked questions
What do the marks indicate on the head of a bolt?
How do you select a fastener size or grade?
Is it okay to use a mild steel nut with a high strength bolt?
What is the best way to confirm a bolts tension?
Does it matter whether the bolt head or the nut is tightened?
Should a washer always be used under the bolt head and nut ?
How tight is snug tight?
Explain Torque, Turn-of-Nut, Calibrated Wrench, and Direct
Tension Control
Why arent all joints specified as slip-critical?
CONNECTIONS
Questions?
cost of steel framing
Material
Tonnage, Shapes, Grade
Detailing
Fabrication
Shipping
Erection
Schedule Length Overhead Costs
cost of steel framing
Vertical Lateral
Frame Study
4 Type Comparison
lateral-load-resisting system
Chevron
bracing
system
40
lateral-load-resisting system
Tension x-
bracing
system
41
lateral-load-resisting system
Field-bolted moment frame
42
lateral-load-resisting system
Field-welded moment frame
43
lateral-load-resisting system efficiency
Chevron Braced X-bracing (Tension) Field Bolted Field Welded
Frame Braced Frame Moment Frame Moment Frame
Number of pieces 294 294 282 282