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REACTIVE DYES
DYEING PROCESS OF COTTON FABRIC WITH REACTIVE DYES
Dyeing process is the process of giving of colour at textile material equally (uniformly).
1. On Colour horizon
Non happening defect dyeing like :
- piebald of fold ( crease-mark / rope mark )
- piebald of friction ( abrasion mark )
- white stripe ( chalk mark )
3. Fade-proof colour
Following steps are required to Textile material which is required to be dyed to determine quality of
dyestuff type and auxilliaries .
To get good dyeing result hence there are 6 important thing which must be taken care of :
1. Hardness of water
2. Chemicals balance ( dyes , auxilliaries , salt , alkali )
3. Liquor Ratio ( comparison of water with fabric weight )
4. pH dye solution ( beginning of process and phase process of fixation )
5. Dyeing temperature
6. Dyeing time
100% cotton knitted fabric can be dyed / are coloured with following types of dyes , :
- Reactive Dyes
- Direct Dyes
- Sulphuric Dyes
- Vat Dyes
- Pigment Dyes
Among some of the above dyes , reactive dye is most applied at 100% cotton fabric good in the form
of knitted fabric or woven fabric .
Based on its reactivity , reactive dye are divided into 2 types, that is :
1. Hot reactive dyes
Reactive dyes which have low reactivity
2. Cool reactive dyes
Reactive dyes which have high reactivity
In principle process of dyeing 100% cotton knitted fabric with reactive dye is with circulation
material textile with dye solution and some auxiliaries, with certain concentration , certain time and
certain temperature applies of dyeing machine.
This method is more compatibly applied for dyeing colour from medium to depth colour and for
machine with dyeing solution circulation and its the textile material , the example jet dyeing machine
, jet flow machine.
For example to dye cotton knitted fabric 200 kg in one jet dyeing machine requires water for dyeing
solution 2000 litre.
Clauses requirement of salt and alkali with depth of colour
Dyes ( % ) glauber salt ( g/l ) soda ash ( g/l )
- up to 0.5 30 10
- 0.51 1.0 45 15
- 1.01 2.0 60 15
- 2.01 4.0 70 20
- > 4.0 90 20
Illustrating reaction which happened by at dyeing process between reactive dye with cellulose fibre
Reactive dye which has been dissolved with water is enterred into machine dyes containing cotton
fabric which is under water , so that absorption of dye is done into fibre. Absorption of dye into fibre
is an exothermic process and balanced reaction. Some auxiliiaries , like salt , soda ash / alkali,
dispersing sequestering agent, anti crease agent mark , antifoam agent is enterred by into dyeing
solution and dyeing process is continued with temperature and when certain colour, which is desired,
is climbed.
WASHING PROCESS
There are 4 phase process of wash which is done after dyeing process :
Phase of washing process for light colour fabric , medium colour and deep of colour
A. LIGHT COLOUR ( dyes < 1% , concentration of salt < 30 g/l )
- Hot rinsing ( 70 0C , 10 minutes )
- Soaping ( 95 0C, 10 minutes )
- Hot rinsing ( 70 0C , 10 minutes
- Cold rinsing ( 30 0C , 10 minutes ) , overflow
Note :
For old colour ( deep colour ) as does navy colour , marron ( red of liver ) , turquise , washing of
temperature after process of soaping was done twice
FIXING PROCESS
For medium colour and deep colour the process fixing by using of fixing agent. Fixing agent
functions for :
1. Strengthen strong tying dye with fabric fibre.
2. Increase resilience cleans fabric.
Simple mode of process of fixing is to enlarge reactive dye molecule in fibre so that dye will be more
difficult having migration compatible exits fibre.
Preventive
- Dye selection truly and precisely.
- Correct liquor ratio
- Control temperature and time process
Preventive :
- Liquor ratio between laboratory and production must equal
- Apply of auxiliaries which is used in production at laboratory recipe
- Dyeing recipe in laboratory must equal with production
4. Problem of crease-mark
- Apply anti-crease agent mark
- Heavy cloth which is dyed accommodate with machine capacities suggested.