ARTICLE IX .

Constitutional Commissions

A. Common Provisions

Sec. 1. The Constitutional Commission

Sec. 2-6. Independence of the Commissions

24 Sabili v. Comelec, GR 193261, 24 April 2012 (power to promulgate own rules on
pleadings and practice before it)

25 Dumarpa v. COMELEC, GR. 192249, April 2, 2013 (power to promulgate rules on

pleadings and practice before)
26 Trade and Investment Development Corp. v. CSC (supra., A6, S.1) 691 SCRA 384
(rule-making authority limited to implementation of laws)
27 Funa v. Chairman, CSC, GR 191672, November 25, 2014.

Sec. 7. Decisions of the Commissions

28 Fil. Engr. & Machine Shop v. Ferrer 135 SCRA 25 [1985] (final orders reviewable by
SC)
29 Saligumba v. CA 117 SCRA 669 [1982] (extent of SCs review power)
30 PTTC v. COA 146 SCRA 190 [1986] (extent of SCs review power)
31 Cua v. COMELEC 156 SCRA 582 [1987] (valid decision no need for unanimity,
majority vote only)
32 Mison v. COA 187 SCRA 445 [1990] (COA as collegial body)
33 Paredes v. COMELEC 127 SCRA 653 [1984] (factual findings of COMELEC binding
on SC in certiorari proceedings)
34 Ambil v. Comelec, GR 143398, October 25, 2000 (judicial review)
35 ABS-CBN v. Comelec, 323 SCRA 811 (judicial review)
36 Salva v. Makalintal, GR 132603, September 18, 2000 (judicial review)
37 Maria Laarni L. Cayetano v. Comelec, GR 193846, 12 April 2011.
Reiterating Ambil v. Comelec: "the Court can only review via certiorari a decision, order, or
ruling of the COMELEC en banc in accordance with Section 7, Article IX-A of the
Constitution."
38 *Gualberto J. Dela Llana v. The Chairperson, Commission on Audit, GR 180989, 07
February 2012. (decisions and orders of the COA reviewable by the court via a petition for
certiorari refer to the COAs quasi-judicial capacity not its quasi-legislative or rule-making
powers)
39 Cagas v. COMELEC 663 SCRA 644 [2012]
40 Sevilla v. COMELEC, G.R. 203833, March 19, 2013 (majority vote of all its members)
41 Reblora v AFP, GR 195842, June 18, 2013
1 Sahali v. COMELEC 688 SCRA 552 (only final decisions of COMELEC subject to SC
judicial review in election cases within the original exclusive jurisdiction of COMELEC)
2 Diocese of Bacolod v. COMELEC (supra. Art 2, Sec. 26)

Sec. 8. Other functions as may be provided by law

B. Civil Service Commission

1
Sec. 1. Organization of the Commission
Term
3 *Gaminde v. COA, GR 140335, December 13, 2000

Fiscal Autonomy
4 CSC v. DBM 482 SCRA 233

Sec. 2. Scope of the System

5 Cuevas v. Bacal, GR 139382, December 6, 2000

Under Civil Service Law

6 *MWSS v. Hernandez 143 SCRA 602 [1986] (par. 1) (GOCCs with charter and
created by special law)
7 NSC v. NLRC 168 SCRA 122
8 UP v. Regino 221 SCRA 598 [1993] (par. 1)
9 Mateo v. CA 247 SCRA 284 [1995] (par. 1)
10 DOH v. NLRC 251 SCRA 700 [1995] (par. 1)
11 Juco v. NLRC 277 SCRA 528 [1997] (par. 1)
12 Felciano v. Gison 629 SCRA 103 [2010] (par. 1)

GOCCs under Corporation Code

13 *BLISS v. Callejo 237 SCRA 271 [1994] (par. 1) (GOCCs without charter and
created under corporation code)
14 Postigo v. Philippine Tuberculosis Society 479 SCRA 628
15 LRTA v. Venus 485 SCRA 301
16 Trade and Investment Devt Corp v. CSC, GR 182249, March 5, 2013(includes GOCC
as part of civil service) (supra Art VI, Sec 1)

Classifications and Appointments

17 HIGC v. CSC 220 SCRA 148 [1993] (par. 2) (requirements in appointments)
18 Mauna v. CSC 232 SCRA 388 [1994] (par. 2) (limitation on CSCs power of
appointment)
19 Rimonte v. CSC 244 SCRA 498 [1995] (par. 2)
20 Gloria v. De Guzman 249 SCRA 126 [1995] (par. 2) (other factors for appointment)
21 Atty. Elias Omar A. Sana v. Career Executive Service Board, GR 192926, 15
November 2011. (Pres. GMA's EO 883 and Pres. Aquino's subsequent revocation of EO
883 by EO 3)

Competitive
22 *Samson v. CA 145 SCRA 654 [1986] (par. 2) (positions in competitive service)

Non-competitive
23 Astraquillo v. Manglapus 190 SCRA 280 [1990] (par. 2) (non-competitive
position)

2
 24 Office of the President v. Buenaobra 501 SCRA 302

Policy-determining

Primarily confidential
25 Borres v. CA 153 SCRA 120 [1987] (par. 2) (confidential positions)
26 *Grino v. CSC 194 SCRA 458 [1991] (par. 2) (test of confidentiality of
positions)
27 Santos v. Macaraig 208 SCRA 74 [1992] (par. 2) (security of tenure in
confidential positions)
28 Hilario v. CSC 243 SCRA 206 [1995] (par. 2)
29 Rosete v. CA 264 SCRA 147 [1996] (par. 2) (loss of confidence)
30 *CSC v. Salas 274 SCRA 414 [1997] (par. 2) (nature of duties determinative
of the confidentiality of position)

Highly technical

Temporary
31 *Achacoso v. Macaraig 195 SCRA 235 [1991] (par. 2) (temporary appointments)
32 Felix v. Buenaseda 240 SCRA 139 [1995] (par. 2)
33 Pamantasan ng Maynila v. CSC 241 SCRA 506 [1995] (par. 2) (union busting
illegal cause for dismissal)
34 Province of Camarines Sur v. CA 246 SCRA 231 [1995] (par. 2) (effect of
passing civil service exam. on temporary appointees)
35 PEZA v. Mercado 614 SCRA 683 [2010]
36 CSC v. CA 635 SCRA 749 [2010]
37 De Castro v. Carlos 696 SCRA 400 [ ] (assistant general manager within
career executive service ; lacking eligibility)

Permanent
38 Luego v. CSC 143 SCRA 327 [1986] (par. 2) (authority limited to reviewing
appointments in light of Civil Service Law)
39 Pangilinan v. Maglaya 225 SCRA 511 [1993] (par. 2) (security of tenure in
permanent appointees)

Reorganization
40 *Santiago v. CSC 178 SRA 733 [1989] (par. 2) (next in rank rule not
mandatory)
41 Montecillo v. Civil Service Commission, G.R. No. 131954, June 28, 2001
(classifying positions in non-career service)
1 Gatmaitan v. Gonzales 492 SCRA 591 (reassignment)
2 Nieves v. Blanco 673 SCRA 638 [2012]

Appointment vs. designation

3 Binamira v. Garrucho 188 SCRA 154 [1990] (par. 2) (designation by Dept. Sec.)

3
Removal for Cause / Security of Tenure
Cause for removal
Loss of confidence
4 *Hernandez v. Villegas 14 SCRA 544 [1965] (par. 3) (loss of confidence
as ground for termination expiration of term not removal from office)

Abolition of office
5 *Briones v. Osmea 104 PHIL. 588 [1958] (par. 3) (abolition in good
faith)
6 Eugenio v. CSC 243 SCRA 196 [1995] (par. 3) (office created by law can
only be abolished thru a law)

Reorganization
7 Romualdez-Yap v. CSC 225 SCRA 285 [1993] (par. 3) (reorganization in
good faith)
8 DTI v. CSC 227 SCRA 199 [1993] (par. 3) (reorganization not in good
faith)
9 Fernandez v. Sto. Tomas 242 SCRA 192 [1995] (par. 3) (reorganization as
management prerogative of CSC)
10 Chato v. Natividad 244 SCRA 787 [1995] (par. 3) (reorganization as
cause provided by law amount to reassignment)
11 Divinagracia v. Sto. Tomas 244 SCRA 595 [1995] (par. 3) (arbitrary
transfer without just cause)
12 Vinzons-Chato v. Zenarosa, GR 120539, October 20, 2000
13 De Guzman v. Comelec, GR 129118, July 19, 2000
14 Padolina v. Fernandez, GR 133511, October 10, 2000
15 Cuevas v. Bacal, GR 139382, December 6, 2000

Qualifications for eligibility

16 Mayor v. Macaraig 194 SCRA 672 [1991] (par. 3) (no retroactive effect
of new eligibility qualifications)

Abandonment; acceptance of incompatible position/other employment

17 Canonizado v. Aguirre, 323 SCRA 312 [2001]
18 Salvador v. CA, GR 127501, May 5, 2000

Due process in removal

19 Enrique v. CA 229 SCRA 180 [1994] (par. 3) (concurrent jurisdiction in
disciplinary matters)
20 CSC v. Magnaye 619 SCRA 347 [2010] (par. 3) (right to due process)
21 Rubenecia v. CSC 244 SCRA 640 [1995] (par. 3) (right to due process)
22 Philippine Charity Sweepstakes Office Board of Directors v. Marie Jean C.
Lapid, GR 191940, 12 April 2011. (right to due process)
Security of tenure
23 Chua v. CSC 206 SCRA 65 [1992] (par. 3)
24 NLTD v. CSC 221 SCRA 145 (par. 3) (security of tenure)

4
 25 Cabagnot v. CSC 223 SCRA 59 (par. 3) (security of tenure)
26 Marohombsar v. CA, GR 126481, February 18, 2000
27 Ong v. OP 664 SCRA 413 [2012]

Electioneering or Partisan Political Activity

28 *Santos v. Yatco 106 PHIL 21
29 People v. De Venecia 14 SCRA 864 [1965] (par. 4)

Right to Self-Organization and Right to Strike

30 SSS Employees v. CA 175 SCRA 686 [1989] (par. 5)
31 Bangalisan v. CA 276 SCRA 557 [1997] (par. 5)
32 Jacinto v. CA 281 SCRA 557 [1997] (par. 5)
33 De la Cruz v. CA 305 SCRA 303
34 *GSIS v. Kapisanan - 510 SCRA 622 (no strike)

Temporary Employees
35 *Gloria v. CA, GR 119903, August 15, 2000

Sec. 3. Powers of the Commission

36 Light Railway Transit Authority v. Salvaa, GR 192074, June 10, 2014

Sec. 4. Oath to Defend the Constitution

Sec. 5. Standardization of Compensation

Sec. 6. Political Lame Ducks

Sec. 7. Political Opportunism and Spoils

37 *Flores v. Drilon 223 SCRA 568 [1993] (supra, Art. 7, Sec. 13) (prohibition against
designation of elective officer during tenure)
38 RE: Gross Violation of Civil Service Law on the Prohibition Against Dual Employment
and Double Compensation in the Government Service Committed by Mr. Eduardo V. Escala,
SC Chief Judicial Staff Officer, Security Division, Office of Administrative Services., A.M.
No. 2011-04-SC, 05 July 2011.
39 La Carlota City v. Rojo, GR 181367, 24 April 2012 (prohibition against designation of elective
officer during tenure)
40 Posadas v. Sandiganbayan, GR 168951 and 169000, July 17, 2013 ; 701 SCRA 405
(prohibition to holding any other office or position in the govt) Chancellor of U.P. appointed
as Director of Technology Management Center ; invalid

Sec. 8. Additional or Double Compensation

Present, Emolument, Office or Title from a Foreign State
41 *Saduesta v. Municipality of Surigao 72 PHIL. 482 [1941] (specific authority from
law to review additional compensation)
1 Peralta v. Mathay 38 SCRA 296 [1971] (purpose of prohibition; public office is a
public trust)

5
 2 NEA v. CSC 611 SCRA 14 [2010] (double compensation)
3 Yap v. COA 619 SCRA 154 [2010] (double compensation)
4 Sergio I. Carbonilla, et al. v. Board of Airlines, GR 193247; Office of the President v. 5
Board of Airlines, GR 194276, 14 September 2011. (overtime pay, travel and meal
allowances paid after regular office hours do not constitute double compensation)
6 PEZA V. COA -675 SCRA 513 [2012]
7 Dimagiba v. Espartero 676 SCRA 420 [2012]
8 Ocampo v COA, GR 188716, June 10, 2013 (retiree receiving pension can continue to
receive the same even if he accepts another govt office or position)

C. Commission on Elections

Sec. 1. Composition, qualifications, appointment, term

9 Matibag v. Benipayo 380 SCRA 49
10 *Cayetano v. Monsod 201 SCRA 210 [1991] (meaning of practice of law)
11 Brillantes v. Yorac 192 SCRA 358 [1990] (appointment in temporary / acting capacity)

Sec. 2. Powers and Functions of COMELEC

Administrative power
12 Afiado v. Comelec, GR 141787, September 18, 2000 (power to enforce; recall)
13 Columbres v. Comelec, GR 142038, September 18, 2000 (power to enforce; recall)
14 Sahali v. Comelec, GR 134169, February 2, 2000 (power to enforce; recall)
15 Claudio v. Comelec, GR 140560, May 4, 2000 (power to enforce; recall)
16 De Guzman v. Comelec, GR 129118, July 19, 2000 (power to enforce; recall)
17 Social Weather Stations, Inc. v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 147571, May 5, 2001
18 Information Technology Foundation v. Comelec, GR 159139, Jan. 13, 2004
19 Buac v. Comelec, 421 SCRA 92
20 Capalla v. COMELEC 673 SCRA 1 [2012]
21 Dumarpa v. COMELEC, GR. 192249, April 2, 2013(supra Art IX-A, Sec 6)

Election contests
22 Flores v. COMELEC 184 SCRA 484 [1990] (brgy. elections appeal to COMELEC)
23 Galido v. COMELEC 193 SCRA 78 [1991] (jurisdiction of SC over COMELECs
decision
24 Mercado v. BES 243 SCRA 422 [1995] (SK elections)
25 Relampagos v. Cumba 243 SCRA 690 [1995] (power to issue writs of certiorari,
prohibition and mandamus)
26 People v. Delgado 189 SCRA 715 [1990] (COMELEC subject to authority of trial
judge)
27 Garces v. CA 259 SCRA 99 [1996] (adjudicatory / quasi-judicial power)
28 Zarate v. Comelec and Lallave GR 129096 [November 19, 1999] (division before en
banc)
29 Regalado v. CA, GR 115962, February 15, 2000 (questions affecting elections)
30 Faelnar v. People, GR 140850-51, May 4, 2000 (questions affecting elections)
31 Tan v. Comelec, GR 148575, Dec. 10, 2003
32 Alauya v. Comelec, GR152151, Jan. 22, 2003
33 Cipriano v Comelec, GR 158830, Aug 10, 2004

6
 Powers not given

Deputizing law enforcement agencies

34 People v. Basilla 179 SCRA 87 [1989] (power to deputize fiscal)

Registration of parties and organizations

35 LDP v. Comelec, GR 161265, Feb. 24, 2004
36 *Atienza v. COMELEC 612 SCRA 761 [2010]
37 Lokin v. COMELEC 674 SCRA 538 [2012]
38 Dayao v. COMELEC, GR 193643, Jan 29, 2013 (power to review and cancel
registration) (supra Art VI, sec 5)
39 Alcantara v. COMELEC, GR 203646, April 16, 2013 (power to register political
parties)
40 Senior Citizens Party-list v. COMELEC (power to register party-list)

Prosecution of election offenses

41 People v. Inting 187 SCRA 788 [1990] (power to conduct preliminary investigation)
1 Corpus v. Tanodbayan 149 SCRA 281 [1987] (exclusive jurisdiction to investigate
and prosecute election offenses)
2 COMELEC v. Silva 286 SCRA 177 [1998] (power to conduct preliminary
investigation and to prosecute)
3 Comelec v. Hon. Espanol, GR 149164, Dec. 10, 2003
4 *Arroyo v. DOJ 681 SCRA 181 [2012]

Recommendatory powers

Sec. 3. Commission Decisions

5 Pangilinan v. COMELEC 228 SCRA 36 [1993] (jurisdiction over pre-proclamation
controversies)
6 Sarmiento v. Comelec 212 SCRA 307 [1992] (COMELEC en banc authority on MR)
7 Carnicosa v. COMELEC 282 SCRA 512 [1997] (Division- hear and decide cases, en
banc MR)
8 Ramas v. COMELEC 286 SCRA 189 [1998] (writ of execution)
9 Garvida v. Sales 271 SCRA 767 [1997] (division only can hear and decide cases)
10 Velayo v. Comelec, GR 135613, March 9, 2000
11 Sebastian v. Comelec, GR 139573-75, March 7, 2000
12 Soller v. Comelec, GR 139853, September 5, 2000
13 Barroso v. Ampig, et al., GR 138218, March 17, 2000
14 Maruhom v. Comelec, GR 139357, May 5, 2000
15 Balindong v. Comelec, GR 153991-92, Oct. 16, 2003
16 Jaramilla v. Comelec, GR 155717, Oct. 23, 2003
17 Bautista v. Comelec, GR 154796-97, Oct. 23, 2003
18 De Llana v. Comelec, GR 152080, Nov. 28, 2003
19 Repol v. Comelec, GR 151418, Apr. 28, 2004

7
 20 Pedragoza v. COMELEC 496 SCRA 513
21 Cayetano v. COMELEC 479 SCRA 514
22 Munoz v. COMELEC 495 SCRA 407
23 Tan v. COMELEC 507 SCRA 352
24 Enriquel v. COMELEC 613 SCRA 809
25 Mendoza v. COMELEC 616 SCRA 443
26 Maria Laarni L. Cayetano v. Comelec, GR 193846, 12 April 2011 (also in Sec 7, Art IX-
A): (only final orders of the COMELEC in Division may be raised before the COMELEC en
banc; Section 3, Article IX-C of the 1987 Constitution mandates that only motions for reconsideration
of final decisions shall be decided by the COMELEC en banc.)
27 Jalosjos v. COMELEC, GR 205033, June 18, 2013 (motion for reconsideration should be decided
en banc)

Sec. 4. Regulation of Public Utilities, Media, Franchises

28 Sanidad v. COMELEC 181 SCRA 529 [1990] (no power to regulate media practitioners
during plebiscite)
29 NPC v. COMELEC 207 SCRA 1 [1992] (power to supervise franchises)
30 Osmea COMELEC 199 SCRA 750 [1991] (regulation of media to ensure equal
opportunity)
31 Telecom v. COMELEC 289 SCRA 337 [1998] (supra, Art. 8, Sec. 1 and Sec. 5) (grant
free time during election period)
32 Bankers Association v. COMELEC, GR 206794, November 26, 2013 (Money Ban
Resolution- power of COMLEC over BSP)
33 Diocese of Bacolod v. COMELEC (supra., Art. 2, Sec. 26)
34 1-UTAK v. COMELEC, GR 206020, April 14, 2015

Sec. 5. Pardons, etc.

35 Risos-Vidal v. COMELEC and Estrada (supra., Art. 7, Sec. 19)
36 GMA Network v. COMELEC and Cayetano, GR 205357, September 2, 2014

Sec. 6-8. Political Rights

37 Tecson v. Comelec, 423 SCRA 277

Sec. 9. Election Period

Sec. 10. Equal Protection of Candidates
Sec. 11. Fiscal Autonomy

D. Commission on Audit

Sec. 1. Purpose, organization, composition, appointment

38 *Mison v. COA 187 SCRA 445 [1990] (COA as collegial body)
39 Funa v. COA, GR 192791, 24 April 2012 (promotional appointments; nothing in Sec.
1(2), Article IX(D) explicitly precludes a promotional appointment from Commissioner to
Chairman)

Sec. 2. Powers and Functions

8
Examine and audit
Government revenues
Government expenditures
40 *Blue Bar Coconut Phil. Tantuico 163 SCRA 716 [1988] (post-audit authority)
41 DBP v. COA 231 SCRA 202 [1994] (post-audit authority)
1 Eslao v. COA 236 SCRA 161 [1994] (limitations to post-audit authority)
2 J.F.F. Manacop v. CA 266 SCRA 235 [1997] (limitations to post- audit authority)
3 Polloso v. Gangan, GR 140563, July 14, 2000 (prevention of unnecessary expenses)
4 Uy v. COA, GR 130685, March 21, 2000 (prevention of unnecessary expenses)
5 Aguinaldo v. Sandiganbayan 265 SCRA 121 [1996] (independent administrative
ruling)
6 DBP v COA, 422 SCRA 459. [2004] (SLP)
7 Home Devt Mutual Fund v. COA, GR 142297, June 15, 2004.
8 DBP v. COA 498 SCRA 537 [2006]
9 Nava v. Palattao 499 SCRA 745 [2006]
10 Gualberto Dela Llana v. Commission on Audit, GR 180989, 07 February 2012.
(conduct of a pre-audit is not a mandatory duty that this Court may compel the COA
to perform)
11 Candelario L. Versoza, Jr. v. Guillermo N. Carague, GR 157838, 07 February
2012.
12 Philippine Coconut v. Republic 663 SCRA 514 [2012]
13 Funa v. MECO, G.R. 193462, February 2, 2014 (supra., A8, S.5)

Audit jurisdiction
14 Caltex v. COA 208 SCRA 726 [1992] (audit power)
15 Mamaril v. Domingo 227 SCRA 206 [1993] (audit power)
16 Philippine Airlines v. COA 245 SCRA 39 [1995] (power over GOCC)
17 CIR v. COA 218 SCRA 203 [1993] (independent commission, not an executive
agency)
18 CSC v. Pobre, GR 160568, Sept 15, 2004
19 Luciano Veloso, et al. v. Commission on Audit, GR 193677, 06 September 2011.
20 Boy Scouts of the Philippines v. Commission on Audit, GR 177131, 07 June 2011.
21 De la Llana v. COA -665 SCRA 176 [2012]

Settle government accounts

22 *POI v. Aud. Gen. 94 PHIL. 868 [1953-1954] (power to settle accounts)
23 *ICNA v. Republic 21 SCRA 40 [1967] (power to act on specific debt claim)
24 Dingcong v. Guingona 162 SCRA 782 [1988] (power to disapprove payment)
25 NHC v. COA 226 SCRA 55 [1993] (power to disapprove funds)
26 Euro-Med v. Prov. of Batangas 495 SCRA 30 [2006]
27 Rallos v. City of Cebu 704 SCRA 378
28 Ocampo v. COA 698 SCRA 136

Define scope and techniques for its own auditing procedures

29 Danville Maritime v. COA 175 SCRA 701 [1989] (power to determine meaning of
public bidding)

9
 30 The Special Audit Team v. CA, GR 174788, April 11, 2013 (power to define the
scope of its audit and examination)

Promulgate accounting and auditing rules

31 Leycano v. COA 482 SCRA 215

Decide administrative cases involving expenditure of public funds

32 NCMH v. COA 265 SCRA 390 [1996] (discretion to most competent people)
33 Ramos v. Aquino 39 SCRA 256 [1971]
34 Salva v. Carague 511 SCRA 258 (on personal liability)
35 Dimapilis- Baldoz v. COA, GR 199114, July 16, 2013 (COA has authority to
determine the legality of expenditure) 9supra Art II, Sec 27)

36 City of Basilan v. Hechanova 58 SCRA 711 [1974] (city council with no power to
abolish COA position)

Sec. 3. Exemption from Jurisdiction

37 Luciano Veloso v. Commission on Audit, GR 193677, 06 September 2011.

Sec. 4. Annual Report

10
ARTICLE X. Local Government

Sec. 1. Units of Local Government

Sec. 2. Local Autonomy

38 *San Juan v. CSC 196 SCRA 69 [1991] (power of governor to recommend)
39 Drilon v. Lim 235 SCRA 135 [1994] (supervision)
40 Judge Leynes v. COA, GR No. 143596, Dec. 11, 2003
41 CREBA v. Sec. of DAR GR 183409, June 18, 2010
1 Camp John Hay Devt. Corp. v. Central Board of Assessment Appeals, GR 169234, October
2, 2013
2 Imbong v. Ochoa, GR No. 204819, April 8, 2014 (RH law) (supra Art II, Sec 12)
3 Belgica v. Ochoa, GR 208556, 19 November 2013 (PDAF)
4 City of General Santos v. COA, GR 199439, April 22, 2014
5 Demaala v. COA, (supra., Art. 2, Sec. 25)
6 Paje v. Casio (supra., Art 2, Sec. 16); Art. 6, Sec. 5(2); Art. 8, Sec. 5 (5)
7 SJS v. Lim, GR 187836, November 25, 2014

Sec. 3. Local Government Code

8 Garcia v. COMELEC 227 SCRA 100 [1993] (recall of governor)
9 Malonzo v. COMELEC 269 SCRA 380 [1997] (recall of mayor)
10 Malonzo v. Zamora, 323 SCRA 875 (recall)
11 Demaala v. COA (supra., Art. 2, Sec. 25)
12 Jalover v. Osmea, GR 209286, Sept. 23, 2014

Sec. 4. The President and Local governments

13 Ganzon v. CA 200 SCRA 271
14 Joson v. Torres 290 SCRA 279 (supra, Art. 7, Sec. 17) (disciplining v. investigative
authority)
15 Bito-Onon v. Fernandez 350 SCRA 732
16 National Liga v. Paredes 439 SCRA 130 [2004]
17 SJS v. Atienza 545 SCRA 92 [2009]
18 *Province of Negros Occidental v. COA 631 SCRA 431 [2010] (power of general
supervision v power of control)
19 League of Province of the PH v. DENR, GR 175368, April 11, 2013 (general supervision
of the President)
20 Republic v. Bayao, GR 179492, June 5 , 2013 (general supervision of the President)

Sec. 5. Sources of Revenue

Powers of Local Government
21 LTO v. City of Butuan, 322 SCRA 805
22 Acebedo Optical v. CA, GR 100152, March 31, 2000

11
 23 Lina v. Pano, G.R. No. 129093, August 30, 2001
24 PLDT v. City of Davao, GR 143867, March 25, 2003
25 Film Devt. Council of PH v. SM Prime Holdings, INC., GR 197937, April 3, 2013
(power to tax of LGU)
26 Pelizloy Realty Corp v. Province of Benguet, GR 183137, April 10, 2013 (Congress
limitation)
27 Ruzol v Sandiganbayan, GR 186739-960, April 17, 2013 (power to create source of
revenue and levy fees)
28 Smart Communications v. Municipality of Malvar, GR 204429, Feb 18, 2014 ((power
to create source of revenue and levy fees)
29 Demaala v. COA (supra., Art. 2, Sec. 25)
30 Ca Suerte v. CA, (supra., Art. 6, Sec. 28(2)
31 Villafuerte v. Robredo, GR 195390, December 10, 2014

Sec. 6. Share in the National Taxes(IRA)

32 Pimentel v. Aguirre GR 132988, July 19, 2000
33 Province of Batangas 429 SCRA 736 [2004]
34 *Alternative Center v. Zamora 459 SCRA 578 [2005] (not to pass law that will prevent
the release of funds)
35 League of Cities v. Comelec, GR 176951, February 15, 2011, April 12, 2011.

Sec. 7. Share in Proceeds from Natural Resources

Sec. 8. Term of Local Officials

36 David v. COMELEC 271 SCRA 90 [1997] (term of brgy. officials)
37 *Borja v. COMELEC 295 SCRA 157 (term limit for local elective officials)
38 *Adormeo v. COMELEC 376 SCRA 90 (winner of recall election)
39 *Socrates v. COMELEC GR No. 154152, November 12, 2002 (subsequent election)
40 *Latasa v. Comelec, GR No. 154829, Dec. 10, 2003 (component city)
41 *Ong. V. Alegre 479 SCRA 473 (recall election in the mid-way of the term)
1 Rivera v. COMELEC 523 SCRA 41
2 Monteban v. COMELEC 551 SCRA 50 [2008]
3 Laceda v. Lumena GR No. 182867, November 25, 2008
4 *Dizon v. COMELEC 577 SCRA 589 [2009](involuntary severance of office)
5 *Bolos v. COMELEC 581 SCRA 786 [2009] (abandonment)
6 *Aldovino v. COMELEC 609 SCRA 234 [2009] (interruption)
7 *Datu Michael Abas Kida v. Senate of the Philippines, GR No. 196271, February ? 2012
(reconsideration; holdover provision in RA 9054 unconstitutional, as Congress in passing RA 10153
has made clear)
8 Abundo v. COMELEC, GR No. 201716, Jan 8, 2013 (rules regarding the three-term limit)
9 Naval v. COMELEC, GR 207851, July 8, 2014

Sec. 9. Sectoral Representation

Sec. 10. Creation, division of boundaries

10 *Tan v. COMELEC 142 SCRA 727 [1986] (creation of a province)

12
 11 Tobias v. Abalos 239 SCRA 106 [1994] (metes and bounds)
12 Mun. of Jimenez v. Judge Baz 265 SCRA 182 [1996] (de jure corporation)
13 Cawaling v. COMELEC GR 146319, October 26, 2001 (supra)
14 *League of Cities v. COMELEC GR 176951, 177499, 178056, February 15, 2011 and
April 12, 2011 (Final Resolution)
15 Navarro v. Exec. Sec. Ermita GR 180050, April 12, 2011 (Dinagat Island)
16 Cagas v. COMELEC, GR 209185, October 25, 2013 (conduct of plebiscite)
17 Umali v. COMELEC, GR 203974, April 22, 2014

Sec . 11. Metropolitan political subdivisions

18 *MMDA v. Garin GR 130230, April 15, 2005(no authority to confiscate drivers
license)

Sec. 12. Classification of Cities

Sec. 13. Common Efforts, services, and resources

Sec. 14. Regional development councils

19 Pimentel v. Ochoa 676 SCRA 551 [2012]

Sec. 15. Purpose, and how many Autonomous Regions

20 Disomangcop v. Sec. of DPWH, GR 149848; Nov. 25, 2004

Sec. 16. Authority of the President over the Autonomous Region

21 *Datu Zaldy Uy Ampatuan v. Hon. Ronaldo Puno, GR 190259, 07 June 2011
(Proclamation 1946 and AOs 273 and 273-A do not violate the principle of local
autonomy under Section 16, Article X of the Constitution, and Section 1, Article V of the
Expanded ARMM Organic Act)
22 Kulayan v. Tan -675 SCRA 482 [2012]

Sec. 17. Authority of the National Government over the Autonomous Region
23 Datu Michael Abas Kida v. Senate of the Philippines, GR 196271, 18 October 2011.
(the framers decided to reinstate the provision in order to make it clear, once and for all, that these
are the limits of the powers of the autonomous government; those not enumerated are actually to
be exercised by the national government; the autonomy granted to the ARMM cannot be invoked
to defeat national policies and concerns. Since the synchronization of elections is not just a
regional concern but a national one, the ARMM is subject to it; the regional autonomy granted to
the ARMM cannot be used to exempt the region from having to act in accordance with a national
policy mandated by no less than the Constitution)

Sec. 18.-19.Organic Act for the Autonomous Regions

24 *Abbas v. COMELEC 179 SCRA 287 [1989] (ARMM)
25 *Ordillos v. COMELEC 192 SCRA 100 [1990] (CAR)
26 *Badua v. CBA 194 SCRA 101 [1991] (tribal courts)
27 Atitiw v. Zamora 471 SCRA 329 [2005]
28 Sema v. COMELEC GR 177597, July 16, 2008
29 *Province of North Cotabato v. GRP Panel (supra. A7, Sec. 1)

13
 30 *Datu Michael Abas Kida v. Senate of the Philippines, February 2012 (means that
only amendments to, or revisions of, the Organic Act constitutionally-essential to the creation
of autonomous regions i.e., those aspects specifically mentioned in the Constitution which
Congress must provide for in the Organic Act require ratification through a plebiscite)

Sec. 20. Legislative Power

Sec. 21. Peace and order, defense, national security

ARTICLE XI. Accountability of Public Officers

Sec. 1. Public office is a Public trust

31 Hipolito v. Mergas 195 SCRA 6 [1991] (moonlighting)
32 Bornasal, Jr. v. Montes 280 SCRA 181 [1997] (unauthorized acts)
33 Almario v. Resus AM No. P941076 [November 22, 1999]
34 Juan v. People, GR 132378, January 18, 2000
35 Re: AWOL of Antonio Makalintal, AM 99-11-06-SC, February 15, 2000
36 Estrella v. Sandiganbayan, GR 125160, June 20, 2000
37 Malbas v. Blanco, A.M. P-99-1350, December 12, 2001
38 Manaois v. Leomo, AM MTJ-03-1492, Aug. 26, 2003
39 Re: Mr. Gideon Alibang, AM 2003-11-SC June 15, 2004
40 ABAKADA v. Purisima 562 SCRA 251 [2008]
41 Salumbides v. OMB, GR 180917, April 23, 2010
1 Office of the Court Admin v. Buencamino, AM P-05-2051, January 21, 2014
2 Belgica v. Ochoa, GR 208566, November 19, 2013

Sec. 2. Impeachment: Who can be impeached/Grounds for impeachment

3 Office of the Ombudsman v. CA 452 SCRA 714 [2005] (exclusive list)
4 Gonzales v. Office of the President, GR 196231, Jan 28, 2013 ( Congress power to
determine modes of removal)

Sec. 3. Procedure and Penalty

5 *In re Gonzales 160 SCRA 771 [1988] (disbarment against an impeachable public
officer; read with Marcoleta v. Brawner 582 SCRA 474 [2009])
6 Romulo v. Yiguez 141 SCRA 260 [1986] (Presidential impeachment)
7 *Estrada v. Desierto, GR 146740-15 and GR 146738, March 2, 2001 and MR-GR 146710-
15 and 146738, April 3, 2001 (judgment in impeachment)
8 *Francisco v. HR GR 160261, November 10, 2003 (to initiate meaning)
9 *Gutierrez v. House of Representatives GR 193459, February 15, 2011 (one-year bar)

14
Sec. 4. The Sandiganbayan
10 Nuez v. Sandiganbayan 111 SCRA 433 [1982] (creation of Sandiganbayan)
11 *Lecaros v. Sandiganbayan 128 SCRA 324 [1984] (crimes in relation to public offfice)
12 Cunanan v. Arceo 242 SCRA 88 [1995] (averment of the nature of the crime
committed)
13 Binay v. Sandiganbayan GR No. 120681-83 (October 1, 1999)
14 Mayor Layus v. Sandiganbayan GR 134272, December 8, 1999
15 Abbot v. Mapayo, GR 134102, July 6, 2000

Sec. 5-6 The Ombudsman

16 Baluyot v. Hulganza, GR 136374, February 9, 2000
17 Garcia v. Ombudsman, GR 127710, February 16, 2000
18 Lapid v. CA, GR 142261, June 29, 2000
19 Tirol v. COA, GR 133954, August 3, 2000
20 Mamburao v. Ombudsman, GR 139141-42, November 15, 2000
21 Salvador v. Desierto, 420 SCRA 76 (Ombudsmans discretion on w/n a criminal case
should be filed.)
22 Biraogo v. PTC (supra., A7)

Sec. 7. Tanodbayan now the Special Prosecutor

23 *Zaldivar v. Sandiganbayan 160 SCRA 843 [1988] (powers)
24 Quimpo v. Tanodbayan 146 SCRA 137 [1986] (jurisdiction)
25 Acop v. Ombudsman 248 SCRA 566 [1995] (prosecutory powers: distinction in
preliminary investigation and duty to investigate)
26 Camanag v. Hon Guerrero 268 SCRA 473 [1997] (powers as provided by law)
27 Macalinao v. Sandiganbayan 376 SCRA 452
28 Office of the Ombudsman v. Valera 471 SCRA 715 [2005]
29 Perez v. Sandiganbayan 503 SCRA 252
30 Calingin v. Desierto 529 SCRA 720 [2007]
31 Lazatin v. Desierto 588 SCRA 285 [2009]

Sec. 8-11. Qualifications, appointment, and term of the Ombudsman

32 OMB v. CSC 528 SCRA 535 [2007]

Sec. 12. Duty to act on complaints vs. govt. officials

33 *Almonte v. Vasquez 244 SCRA 286 [1995] (form and manner of complaint unsigned
letter)
34 Raro v. Sandiganbayan, GR 108431, July 14, 2000
35 Bautista v. Sandiganbayan, GR 136082, May 12, 2000
36 Roxas v. Vasquez, G.R. No. 114944, June 19, 2001
37 Kara-an v. Ombudsman, GR 119990, June 21, 2004
38 People v. Sandiganbayan 451 SCRA 413 [2005]
39 Laxina v. Ombudsman 471 SCRA 542 [2005]
40 Gemma P. Cabalit v. Commission on Audit-Region VII, GR 180236, 17 January 2012
(power of the Ombudsman to determine and impose administrative liability is mandatory)

15
 41 *Gonzales III v. OP -679 SCRA 614 [2012]
1 *Gonzales III v. OP, GR 196231, January 28, 2014

Sec. 13. Powers and Responsibilities of Ombudsman; deputies

In General
2 *Cruz v. Sandiganbayan 194 SCRA 474 [1991] (concurrent jurisdiction with PCGG)
3 Maceda v. Vasquez 221 SCRA 464 [1993] (Judiciary, supra Art. 8)
4 Macalino v. Sandiganbayan 376 SCRA 452
5 Honasan v. Panel of Investigating Prosecutors, GR 159747, Apr. 13, 2004
6 Samson v OMB, GR 117741, Sept. 29, 2004
7 Corpuz v. Sandiganbayan, GR 162214, Nov. 11, 2004
8 Khan v. OMB 495 SCRA 452
9 OMB v. Estandarte 521 SCRA 155 [2007]
10 *Salvador v. Mapa 539 SCRA 34 [200] (no power to decide constl. questions)
11 OMB v. Masing 542 SCRA 253 [2008]
12 Medina v. COA 543 SCRA 684 [2008]
13 Borja v. People 553 SCRA 250 [2008]
14 Biraogo v. PTC (supra.)
15 Ombudsman v. Chavez, GR 172206, July 3, 2013 (power to promulgate own rules)
16 Ampil v. Ombudsman, GR 192685, July 31, 2013
17 Hernandez v. Ombudsman, GR 197307, Feb 26, 2014 (power of the OMB to dismiss
v. power to recommend the removal)
18 Alejandro v. OMB Fact-Finding Bureau 695 SCRA 35 (jurisdiction over
administration cases of elective officials)

Preventive Suspension and Imposition of Penalties

19 *Buenaseda v. Flavier 226 SCRA 645 [1993] (when to suspend)
20 Hagad v. Gozo-Dadole 251 SCRA 243 [1995] (nature)
21 Vasquez v. Hobilla-Alinio 271 SCRA 67 [1997] (not in relation to duties)
22 OMB v. CA 491 SCRA 92
23 OMB v. Madriaga 503 SCRA 631
24 OMB v. CA 507 SCRA 593
25 Estorja v. Ranada 492 SCRA 652
26 OMB v. Lucero 508 SCRA 593
27 Balbastro v. Juinio 527 SCRA 680 [2007]
28 OMB v. CA 527 SCRA 798 [2007]
29 COA 529 SCRA 245 [2007]
30 OMB v. Santiago 533 SCRA 305 [2007]
31 Gobenciong v. CA 550 SCRA 502 [2008]
32 Marohomsalic v. Cole 547 SCRA 98
33 OMB v. Lisondra 548 SCRA 83
34 Miro v. Abugan 549 SCRA 34
35 Cesa v. OMB 553 SCRA 357
36 OMB v. De Sahagun 562 SCRA 122
37 OMB v. Samaniego 564 SCRA 502
38 Boncalon v. OMB GR 171812, December 24, 2008

16
 39 OMB v. Beltran 588 SCRA 574 [2009]
40 OMB v. Apolonio, GR 165132, 07 March 2012 (power to directly impose
administrative penalties, including removal from office)

Jurisdiction over Criminal Cases

41 Natividad v. Felix 229 SCRA 680 [1994] (amount)
1 *Lastimosa v. Vasquez 243 SCRA 497 [1995] (prosecutors assistance)
2 *Presidential v. Desierto 528 SCRA 20 [2007] (exception to the non-interference)
3 Busuego v. Office of Ombudsman, GR 196842, October 9, 2013 (concurrent
jurisdiction to investigate offenses)

Fact-finding distinguished from Preliminary Investigation

4 Raro v. Sandiganbayan, GR 108431, July 14, 2000
5 Serapio v. Sandiganbayan, GR 148468, Jan. 28, 2003

Sec. 14. Fiscal Autonomy of Ombudsman

Sec. 15. Exemption of Govt from prescription, laches, estoppel

6 Heirs of Gregorio Licaros v. SB, GR 157438, Oct. 18, 2004
7 *Presidential Ad Hoc Fact-Finding Committee on Behest Loans v. OMB Desierto, GR
135715, 13 April 2011. (reiterating Presidential Ad Hoc Fact-Finding Committee on Behest Loans
v. Desierto, GR 130140; provision applies only to civil actions for recovery of ill-gotten wealth, and
not to criminal cases)

Sec. 16. Financial Accommodation

Sec. 17. Disclosure of Assets

Sec. 18. Allegiance of public officers

8 *Caasi v. CA 191 SCRA 229 [1990] (foreign citizen)
9 Sampayan v. Daza 213 SCRA 807 [1992] (foreign citizen)

17
ARTICLE XII. National Economy and Patrimony

Sec. 1. General Economic Policy

Sec. 2. Natural Resources
Alienation
10 Sta. Rosa Mining v. Leido 156 SCRA 1 [1987] (mining claims)
11 San Miguel Corporation v. CA 185 SCRA 722 [1990] (possession in the concept of
an owner)
12 Republic v. Bantigue Point Development Corporation, GR 162322, 14 March
2012 (burden on applicant to prove land sought to be registered is alienable or
disposable based on a positive act of the government)
13 Heirs of Malabanan v. Republic, GR 179987, September 3, 2013 (only agricultural
lands can be alienated)

Utilization
14 Miners v. Factoran 240 SCRA 100 [1995] (jura regalia)
15 Tano v. Socrates 278 SCRA 154 [1997] (subsistence fishermen)
16 Villaflor v. CA 280 SCRA 297 [1997] (private ownership)
17 Republic v. CA and RREC GR 103882 [November 25, 1998] 299 SCRA 199
18 Republic v. Rosemoor Mining and Devt Corp., GR 149927, Mar. 30, 2004, Art. XII
19 Alvarez v. PICOP 606 SCRA 444 [2009]
20 IID v. PSALM -682 SCRA 602 [2012]

Public Domain and Regalian Doctrine

21 Land Mgt. Bureau v. CA, GR 112567, February 7, 2000
22 Republic v. De Guzman, GR 105630, February 23, 2000
23 Pua v. CA, GR 134992, November 20, 2000
24 Cruz v. Sec. of DENR, GR 135385, December 6, 2000
25 Chavez v. PEA, GR 133250, July 9, 2002
26 *La Bugal-Blaan v. Ramos, GR 127872, Dec. 1, 2004 (Regalian Doctrine)
27 Dipidio v. Gozun 485 SCRA 586
28 Chavez v. NHA 530 SCRA 235 [2007]
29 Republic v. Vda. De Jason, GR 163767, March 10, 2014(State ownership)
30 Republic v. Remman Enterprises, GR 199310, February 19, 2014 (burden of proof)
31 Narra v. Redmont, GR 195580 , January 28, 2015

Sec. 3. Lands of the Public Domain

32 Dir. of Lands v. Aquino 192 SCRA 296 [1990] (power to classify)
33 Republic v. CA 160 SCRA 228 [1988] (conversion of land by perfection of a mining
claim)
34 *Dir. of Lands v. IAC 146 SCRA 509 [1986] (right of corporations to acquire land)
35 Chavez v. PEA, supra.

18
 36 Republic v. Southside 502 SCRA 587
37 Republic v. T.A.N 555 SCRA 477 [2008]
38 Fortuna v. Republic, GR 173423, March 5, 2014

Sec. 4. Forest Lands and Parks

Sec. 5. Ancestral Lands and Domain

39 *Cruz v. Sec. of DENR, GR 135385, December 6, 2000 (IPRA Law)
40 Paje v. Casio (supra., Art. 2, Sec. 16; Art. 6, Sec. 5(2); Art. 8, Sec. 5(5) and, Art. 10, Sec.
2

Sec. 6. Common Good

41 Telebap v. COMELEC 289 SCRA 337 [1998] (supra, Art. 8, Sec. 1 and Sec. 5, and Art.
9-C, Sec. 4) (social function of the use of property)

Sec. 7. Private lands

1 *Ramirez v. Vda. De Ramirez 111 SCRA 704 [1982] (usufruct)
2 *Halili v. CA 287 SCRA 465 [1998] (subsequent sale to Filipinos)
3 Lee v. Republic, G.R. No. 128195, October 3, 2001 (reiterates previous ruling)
4 Lentfer v. Wolff 441 SCRA 584 [2004]
5 Muller v. Muller 500 SCRA 65
6 Ting Ho v. Teng 558 SCRA 421 [2008]
7 Hulst v. PR Builders 566 SCRA 333 [2008]
8 *Osmena v. Osmena 611 SCRA 164 [2010] (forgien ownership of lands)
9 Beurmer v. Amores - 686 SCRA 770 [2012]
10 Republic v. Huang Te Fu, GR 200983, March 18, 2015

Sec. 8. Exemption for Former Filipino Citizens

11 *Republic v. CA 235 SCRA 567 [1994] (citizenship at time of acquisition)

Sec. 9. Economic and Planning Agency

Sec. 10. Filipinization

12 *Manila Prince Hotel v. GSIS 267 SCRA 408 [1997] (national patrimony)
13 *Army and Navy v. CA 271 SCRA 36 [1997] (historical landmark)
14 Taada v. Angara 272 SCRA 18 [1997] (supra, Art. 2, preliminary issue, Sec. 2, and
Sec. 19, and Art. 7, Sec. 21) (preference for Filipinos)
15 Republic v. CA, 299 SCRA 199
J.G. Summit Holdings v. CA, GR 124293, November 20, 2000

Sec. 11. Public Utilities

16 Bagatsing v. Committee 246 SCRA 344 [1995] (definition of public utility)
17 Albano v. Reyes 175 SCRA 264 [1989] (power to grant franchise)
18 Tatad v. Garcia 243 SCRA 436 [1995] (franchise to operate)
19 Telebap v. COMELEC 289 SCRA 337 [1998] (supra, Art. 8, Sec. 1 and Sec. 5, and Art.
9-C, Sec. 4 and Art. 12, Sec. 6) (amendment to franchise)

19
 20 Republic v. Express Telecom, 373 SCRA 316
21 Del Mar v. Pagcor, [2001]
22 PTC v. NTC, GR 138295, Aug. 28, 2003
23 Royal Cargo Corp v. CAB - 421 SCRA 21- participation of executive and managing
officers in governing body of public utility enterprise
24 Metropolitan v. Adala 526 SCRA 465 [2007]
25 *Francisco v. TRB 633 SCRA 470 [2010] (power to grant license)
26 Wilson P. Gamboa v. Finance Secretary Margarito B. Teves, GR 176579, 28 June
2011.
27 Express Investment v. Bayantel 687 SCRA 50 [2012]
28 Hontiveros-Baraquel v. TRB (supra; Art. 7, S. 20)

Sec. 12. Filipino First Policy

29 Taada v. Angara 272 SCRA 18 [1997] (supra, Art. 2, preliminary issue, Sec. 2 and Sec.
19, and Art. 7, Sec. 21 and Art. 12, Sec. 10) (Filipino first policy)

Sec. 13. Economic Exchange

30 Espina v. Zamora 631 SCRA 17

Sec. 14. Filipino Professionals and skilled workers

Sec. 15. Development of Cooperatives

Sec. 16. Private Corporations

31 NDC v. PVB 192 SCRA 257 [1990] (creation of GOCC)
32 Boy Scouts of the Philippines v. COA, GR 177131, 07 June 2011.
33 Mendoza v. COA, GR 195395, September 10, 2013 (GOCC special charter)

Sec. 17. Temporary Take-Over

34 Agan Jr. v. PIATCO- 420 S 575 [2004]
35 *David v. Arroyo (supra. A7, Sec. 18)

Sec. 18. Nationalization

Telephone Interconnections
36 *Republic v. PLDT 26 SCRA 620 [1968] (national welfare and power of eminent
domain)
37 PLDT v. NTC 190 SCRA 717 [1990] (economic efficiency)
38 PLDT v. Eastern Telecom 213 SCRA 16 [1992] (no franchise to operate telephone
system)

Sec. 19. Monopolies and combinations

39 Tatad v. DOE 281 SCRA 330 [1997] and MR 282 SCRA 337 [1997] (supra, Art. 6,
Sec. 1 and Art. 8, Sec.1 )
40 EASCO v. LTFRB, GR 149717, Oct. 7, 2003

20
 41 Agan Jr. v. PIATCO- supra
1 *Avon v. Luna 511 SCRA 376 (exclusivity clause)
2 Pharmaceutical v. Duque (supra.)

Sec. 20. Central Monetary Authority

Sec. 21. Foreign Loans

Sec. 22. Penal Sanctions

Supplement:
See the Proceedings of the Preparatory Commission on Constitutional Reform,
1999, (CD).

21
ARTICLE XVI . General Provisions

Sec. 1. The Flag

3 Kalaw v. Fernandez, GR 166357, January 14, 2015

Sec. 2. National name, anthem and seal

4 Kalaw v. Fernandez (supra Sec. 1)

Sec. 3. Immunity from Suit

5 Liang v. People, GR 125865, January 28, 2000
6 Calub v. CA, GR 115634, April 27, 2000
7 Lansang v. CA, GR 102667, February 23, 2000
8 Mancenido v. CA, GR 118605, April 12, 2000
9 Shell v. Jalos 630 SCRA 399 [2010]
10 China National Machinery & Equipment Corp. (Group) v. Hon. Cesar D.
Santamaria, GR 185572, 07 February 2012, 665 SCRA 189 [2012] (Revisits and
reiterates several cases: GTZ v. CA, Holy See v. Rosario, DFA v. NLRC.)

Foundation of the Rule: A suit against the State

11 Santos v. Santos 92 PHIL. 281 [1952-1953]
12 Republic v. Feliciano 148 SCRA 424 ]1987]
13 *Republic of Indonesia v. Vinzons (2005)

Unincorporated Agencies
14 Metran v. Paredes 79 PHIL. 819 [1947-1948]
15 NAC v. Teodoro 91 PHIL. 203 [1952]
16 *Mobil Philippines v. Customs Arrastre 18 SCRA 1120 [1966]
17 *Del Mar v. PVA 51 SCRA 340[1973]
18 CAA v. CA 167 SCRA 28 [1988]
19 Farolan v. CTA 217 SCRA 217 [1993]
20 PNR v. IAC 217 SCRA 401 [1993]
21 Republic v. Nolasco 457 SCRA 460 [2005]
22 Republic v. Unimex 518 SCRA 20 [2007]
23 Professional Video v. TESDA 591 SCRA 83 [2009]
24 DOH v. Phil Phramaceuticals 691 SCRA 421 [ ]

Government Officers
25 *Ministerio v. CFI 40 SCRA 464 [1971]
26 *Syquia v. Almeda-Lopez 84 SCRA 312[1978]
27 Festejo v. Fernando 94 SCRA 504 [1979]
28 Aberca v. Ver 160 SCRA 590 [1988]

22
 29 *Shauf v. CA 191 SCRA 713 [1990]
30 Vidad v. RTC 227 SCRA 271 [1993]
31 Regional Director v. CA 229 SCRA 557 [1994]
32 Africa v. PCGG/Villanueva v. Sandiganbayan [January 1992]
33 DOH v. Phil. Pharmawealth 518 SCRA 240 [2007]

Foreign Government
34 *Baer v. Tizon 57 SCRa 1 [1974]
35 *US v. Ruiz 136 SCRA 487 [1985]
36 Sanders v. Veridiano 162 SCRA 88 [1988]
37 U.S. v. Reyes 219 SCRA 192 [1993]
38 The Holy See v. Rosario 238 SCRA 524 [1994]
39 JUSMAG v. NLRC 239 SCRA 224 [1994]
40 Larkins v. NLRC 241 SCRA 598 [1995]
41 Minucher v. CA GR 142396, Feb. 11, 2003
1 Arigo v. Swift, GR 206510, September 16, 2014 (supra., Art. 2, Sec. 2)

Consent by Law
2 *Carabao v. Agricultural Product Com. 35 SCRA 224 [1970]
3 Arcega v. CA 66 SCRA 230 [1975]
4 Rayo v. CFI 110 SCRA 456 [1981]
5 Municipality of San Fernando v. Firme 195 SCRA 692 [1991]
6 Republic v. NLRC 263 SCRA 290 [1996]

Exceptional Circumstance to avoid injustice

7 DOH v. Canchela 475 SCRA 218 [2005]

Agency Propriety
8 *United States v. Guinto 182 SCRA 644 [1990]
9 Fontanilla v. Maliaman 194 SCRA 486 [1991]
10 PRC v. CA 256 SCRA 667 [1996]

Waiver
11*Republic v. Purisma 78 SCRA 470 [1977]
12 Santiago v. Republic 87 SCRA 294[1978]
13 Traders Royal Bank v. IAC 192 SCRA 305 [1990]
14 Republic v. Sandoval 220 SCRA 124 [1993]
15 Delos Santos v. IAC 223 SCRA 11 [1993]
16 DA v. NLRC 227 SCRA 693 [1993]
17 EPG v. Sec. of DPWH 354 SCRA 566 [2001]

Resulting Liability
18 Philrock v. Board of Liquidators 180 SCRA 171 [1989]
19 Liang v. People GR 125865 [January 28, 2000] (ADB immunity)
20 Republic v. Hidalgo 477 SCRA 12 [2005] (writ of execution)
21 *Philippine Agila v. Lichauco 489 SCRA 22 [2006]

23
 22 Curato v. PPA 590 SCRA 215 [2009]
23 U.P. v. Dizon -679 SCRA 54 [2012]

Sec. 4. Armed Forces

Sec. 5. Quality of Service (AFP)

Sec. 6. Police Force

24 Carpio v. Executive Secretary 206 SCRA 290 [1992]
25 IBP v. Zamora, GR 141284, August 15, 2000

Sec. 7-8. Remuneration and Benefits

26 Re: Application for Survivorship pension benefits under RA 9946, AM 14155-Ret,
November 19, 2013 (states duty to upgrade pensions and other benefits)

Sec. 9. Consumer Protection

Sec. 10. Communication Policy

Sec. 11. Media

Sec. 12. Consultative Body for Indigenous Communities

27 Paje v. Casio (supra., Art. 2, Sec. 16; Art. 6, Sec. 5(2), Art. 8, Sec. 5(5); Art. 10, Sec
2)

24
ARTICLE XVII. Amendments or Revisions

Sec. 1. Revision/Amendment
28 *Imbong v. COMELEC 35 SCRA 28 [1970] (constituent assembly)

Sec. 2. Direct Proposal

29 *Defensor-Santiago v. COMELEC 270 SCRA 106 [1997] and MR [1997]
(initiative and referendum)
30 *Lambino v. COMELEC 505 SCRA 160 (unstated purpose)

Sec. 3. Congressional Prerogative

Sec. 4. Ratification and date of effectivity

31 *Gonzales v. COMELEC 21 SCRA 774 [1967] (nature of power to amend
the Constitution)
32 *Tolentino v. COMELEC 41 SCRA 702 [1971] (single election)

25
ARTICLE XVIII Transitory Provisions

Sec. 1. First Elections Under the New Constitution

Sec. 2. Team of first House Members and first Local Officials

Sec. 3. Status of Laws and other Legislation Passes Prior to the Constitution

Sec. 4. Status of Treaties and International Agreements

Sec. 5. Presidential Term and Synchronization

Sec. 6. Presidential Legislative Powers

Sec. 7. Sectoral Representation

Sec. 8. Metropolitan Authority

33 MMDA v. Bel-Air Village Association, GR 135962, March 27, 2000

Sec. 9. Sub-Provinces

Sec. 10-11. Security of Tenure of Judges

Sec. 12-14. Cases filed prior to effectivity of New Constitution

Sec. 15. Term of Carry-over Commissioners

Sec. 16. Career Civil Service Officers

34 Dario v. Mison 176 SCRA 84 [1989] (reorganization)
35 Mendoza v. Quisumbing 186 SCRA 108 [1990]
36 Ontiveros v. C.A., G.R. No. 145401, May 7, 2001

Sec. 17-18. Readjustment of salaries

Sec. 19-21. Reversion of lands and real rights illegally acquired

Sec. 22. Idle/Abandoned lands

26
Sec. 23. Advertising Entities

Sec. 24. Private Armies

Sec. 25. Foreign Military Bases, Troops or Facilities

37 *Bayan v. Zamora, GR 138570, October 10, 2000 (VFA)

Supplement:
Questions Frequently Asked on the RP-US Visiting Forces Agreement, 3 Phil. Journal on
Diplomacy and Devt 58, # 1 (March 2000)

Sec. 26. Sequestration Orders

38 Joya v. PCGG 225 SCRA 568 [1993]
39 *Republic v. Sandiganbayan 221 SCRA 189 [1993] (powers of PCGG)
40 Cojuangco v. Roxas 195 SCRA 797 [1991] (vote of sequestered shares)
41 Araneta v. Sandiganbayan 242 SCRA 482 [1995] (investigate/prosecutory powers)
1 Romualdez v. Sandiganbayan 244 SCRA 152 [1995] (authority over ill-gotten wealth)
2 Republic v. Sandiganbayan 240 SCRA 376 [1995] (judicial action)
3 Republic v. Sandiganbayan 255 SCRA 438 [1996] (proper parties)
4 Republic v. Sandiganbayan 258 SCRA 685 [1996] (powers of commissioners)
5 Republic v. Sandiganbayan 269 SCRA 316 [1997] (rules)
6 PCGG v. Sandiganbayan GR 125788 [June 5, 1998] (proper parties)
7 Republic v. Saludares, 327 SCRA 449
8 Jalandoni v. Sec. of Justice, GR 115239-40, March 2, 2000
9 Antiporda v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 116941, May 31, 2001
10 PCGG v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. Nos. 119609-10, September 21, 2001
11 Palm Avenue v. Sandiganbayan, GR 173082, August 6, 2014

Sec. 27. Date of Effectivity

12 De Leon v. Esquerra 152 SCRA 602 [1987] (ratification)

J J END J J

27