ARTICLE D-6
NOZZLES AND OTHER
CONNECTIONS
AD-600 REQUIREMENTS FOR
NOZZLES AND OTHER
CONNECTIONS
AD-601 PERMITTED TYPES OF NOZZLES
AND OTHER CONNECTIONS
Nozzles and other connections may be any of the
types for which rules are given in this Article provided:
(a) they meet its requirements as to location;
(b) the type of attachment weld is permitted by
Article D-4, Welded Joints;
(c) the minimum size of weld is as required by Figs.
AD-610.1, AD-612.1, AD-613.1, and AD-621.1;
(d) the requirements of Article D-5, Openings and
Their Reinforcement, are complied with;
(e) Type No. 1 butt joints (see AF-221) or full
penetration joints (see AF-223) are used when the
openings are in shells 212 in. (64 mm) or more in
thickness;
(f) the welded joints are examined by the methods
stipulated in the applicable paragraph of Article F-2;
(g) studded connections conform to the requirements
of AD-740;
(h) threaded connections meet the requirements of
AD-640.
AD-601.1 Nomenclature. The symbols used in this
paragraph and in Figs. AD-610.1, AD-612.1, AD-613.1,
and AD-621.1 are defined as follows:
rp inside radius of nozzle in the corroded condi-
tion, in. (mm)
tp nominal thickness of vessel shell or head, in.
(mm)
tcp throat dimensions of corner welds between noz-
zle and vessel wall, not less than the smaller of
1 1212%. For diameters other than those listed in the Table, this shall
4 in. (6 mm) or 0.7tn (inside corner welds may
be further limited by a lesser length of projection
of the nozzle wall beyond the inside face of the
vessel wall), in. (mm)
tep thickness of reinforcing element, in. (mm)
115
tnp nominal thickness of nozzle wall, in. (mm)
twp depth of penetration of weld, in. (mm)
AD-602 MINIMUM THICKNESS OF
NOZZLE NECKS AND OTHER
CONNECTIONS
The wall thickness of a nozzle neck or other connec-
tion shall not be less than the thickness computed for
the applicable loadings plus the thickness added for
corrosion and erosion allowance and, except for access
openings and openings for inspection only, not less
than the smaller of the following:
(a) the required thickness of the shell or head to
which the connection is attached plus the corrosion
allowance provided in the shell or head adjacent to
the connection;
(b) the minimum thickness1 of standard wall pipe
plus the corrosion allowance on the connections.
See AD-420.1 for the thickness requirements of
nozzle neck to piping transition.
AD-610 NOZZLE NECKS ABUTTING THE
VESSEL WALL WITHOUT ADDED
REINFORCING ELEMENT
Necks abutting the vessel wall shall be attached by
a full penetration groove weld. Backing strips shall be
used with welds deposited from only one side or when
complete joint penetration cannot be verified by visual
inspection. Backing strips, when used, shall be removed
1
The minimum thickness for all materials is that wall thickness
listed as standard (STD) in Table 2 of ANSI /ASME B36.10M, less
be based upon the next larger pipe size. When a material specification
does not specify schedule weights conforming to ANSI /ASME
B36.10M, the pipe weight indicated as regular shall be used when
so designated in the specification. If not so designated, the heaviest
schedule listed shall be used even though this is less than the
thickness of standard weight pipe of ANSI /ASME B36.10M.
AD-610 2001 SECTION VIII DIVISION 2
after welding. Permissible types of weld attachments
are shown in Fig. AD-610.1 sketches (a) and (b).
AD-611 INSERTED NOZZLE NECKS
WITHOUT ADDED REINFORCING
ELEMENTS
Necks inserted partially into or through a hole cut
in the vessel wall and without additional reinforcing
elements shall be attached by a full penetration groove
weld. Backing strips, when used, shall be removed
after welding. Permissible types of weld attachments
are shown in Fig. AD-610.1 sketches (c), (d), (d-1),
(e), (e-1), (f), and (g).
AD-612 INSERTED NOZZLE NECKS WITH
ADDED REINFORCING ELEMENT
Inserted type necks having added reinforcement in
the form of one or more separate reinforcing plates
shall be attached by welds at the outer edge of the
reinforcement plate and at the nozzle neck periphery.
The weld at the outer edge of the reinforcement shall
be a fillet weld with a minimum throat dimension of
the smaller of 0.6te or 0.6t. The welds attaching the
neck to the vessel wall and to the reinforcement shall
be full penetration groove welds. Permissible types of
weld attachments are shown in Fig. AD-612.1 sketches
(a), (b), and (c).
AD-612.1 Provision of Telltale Holes for Air Test-
ing. Reinforcing plates and saddles attached to the
outside of a vessel shall be provided with at least one
telltale hole (maximum size NPS 14 tap) that may be
tapped for a preliminary compressed air and soap
solution (or equivalent) test for tightness of welds that
seal off the inside of the vessel. These telltale holes
may be left open or may be plugged when the vessel
is in service. If the holes are plugged, the plugging
material used shall not be capable of sustaining pressure
between the reinforcing plate and the vessel wall.
Telltale holes shall not be plugged during heat treatment.
AD-613 NOZZLES WITH INTEGRAL
REINFORCEMENT
AD-613.1 Integral Reinforcement Employing Butt
Welds. Nozzles having integral reinforcement may be
attached using butt welds of Type No. 1. Permissible
types are shown in Fig. AD-613.1 (see AF-221).
116
AD-622
AD-613.2 Integral Reinforcement Employing Cor-
ner Welds. Nozzles or other connections with integral
reinforcement and not covered by AD-613.1 shall be
attached by means of full penetration corner welds (see
AF-223). Permissible types of weld attachments are
shown in Fig. AD-610.1.
AD-620 FITTINGS WITH INTERNAL
THREADS
Internally threaded fittings shall be limited to NPS
2. They shall be attached by means of full penetration
groove welds (see AF-223), as illustrated in Fig. AD-
612.1 sketches (e), (f), and (g), except pad type fittings,
such as shown in sketch (h), which may be used if
attached by means of fillet welds having a minimum
throat dimension of the smaller of 0.7te or 0.7t, as
shown in that sketch (see AF-225).
AD-621 WELDED CONNECTIONS NOT 01
SUBJECT TO EXTERNAL
LOADING
Partial penetration welds, as shown in Fig. AD-
621.1, may be used only for attachments, such as
instrumentation openings, inspection openings, etc., on
which there are essentially no external mechanical
loadings and on which there will be no thermal stresses
greater than in the vessel itself. Such attachments shall
satisfy the rules for reinforcement of openings, except
that no material in the neck shall be used for reinforce-
ment in the attachment illustrated in sketches (c-1),
(c-2), and (c-3). The inside diameter of such openings
shall not exceed 4 in. (102 mm).
(a) The weld size shall be such that the depth of
penetration tw will be at least 114 tn and tc will be
not less than the smaller of 14 in. (6 mm) or 0.7tn.
For sketches (c-2) and (c-3), the fillet weld throat
dimension at the outer edge of the reinforcement plate
shall be at least the smaller of 0.7te or 0.7t. For sketch
(c-3), the fillet weld throat dimension at the inner edge
of the reinforcement plate shall be at least 114tn.
(b) Partial penetration welds shall be examined as
required by Table AF-241.1.
AD-622 FORGED STEEL FITTINGS
ASME B16.11, Forged Steel Fittings, Socket Welding
and Threaded, is acceptable for use under this Division
in accordance with the requirements of AM-105. Pres-
suretemperature ratings for such fittings shall be calcu-
 PART AD DESIGN REQUIREMENTS Fig. AD-610.1

tn tn
Backing strip t
if used shall Backing strip n
be removed if used shall
be removed

r1 r1 tc
t t t tc
c t r1

(a) (b) (c)

tn
tn
tn

tc
t tc tc
t
tc
t r1
r1
r3
r3
(d) (d-1) (e)

A
tn
tn tn
tn r2 r2
Backing strip
if used shall tc
be removed r4 tc
tc tc
tc r4
r1 r1
t r1 t t t
tn min.
A Section A A
r1
Sections Perpendicular
and Parallel to the
Cylindrical Vessel Axis

(e-1) (f) (g)

1/ t
8 r1 1/ t
2
r2 3/ in.
4 (19 mm)
r3 smaller of 1/4 in. (6 mm) or tn /2 radius; alternatively, smaller of 1/4 in. (6 mm) or tn /4 chamfer at 45 deg
r4 1/ in. (6 mm)
4

GENERAL NOTE: See Table AF-241.1 for limitations and examination requirements.

FIG. AD-610.1 SOME ACCEPTABLE FULL PENETRATION WELDED NOZZLE ATTACHMENTS NOT READILY A02
RADIOGRAPHABLE

117
 Fig. AD-612.1 2001 SECTION VIII DIVISION 2

tn
tn
tc
Smaller of Smaller of
0.6te or 0.6t te 0.6te or 0.6t te tc
r1
t t
r3

tc
(b)
(a)
1/ t
8 r1 1/2t
r3 smaller of 1/4 in. (6 mm) or tn /2 radius; alternatively,
smaller of 1/4 in. (6 mm) or tn /4 chamfer at 45 deg
tn tc min. = 0.7tn or 1/4 in. (6 mm), whichever is less

tc
te
Smaller of w
0.6te or 0.6t t
te
te tc Smaller of
0.7te or 0.7t
r3 t

(c) (d-1)

te
d
r1
t

Smaller of
0.7te or 0.7t

(d-2)

Either method of attachment is satisfactory

te
tc tc tc
Smaller of
0.7te or 0.7t
tc
(e) (f) (g) (h)

For NPS 2 and Smaller

01 FIG. AD-612.1 SOME ACCEPTABLE PAD AND SCREWED FITTING TYPES OF WELDED NOZZLES AND OTHER
A02 CONNECTIONS TO SHELLS, DRUMS, AND HEADERS

118
 PART AD DESIGN REQUIREMENTS Fig. AD-613.1

tn
r2
30 deg min.
1/ in. (13 mm) min.
tn tn 2
r2
45 deg max. r2 t3
3
1 r2 30 deg max. r1
r2 a1
r1
t4
t a2
t r1
t t3 + t4 0.2 t
11/2 t min. but a1 + a2 18.5 deg

(a) (b) (c)

tn
A r2
tn tn

45 deg max. 45 deg max. t r1

r2 r2
18.5 deg max. 30 deg max.
r2 r2
Max. = 0.2t r2 r2 (d)

r1 t
r1 Backing strip
t if used shall
Section A - A be removed tn
30 deg A
max. Sections Perpendicular
r2
and Parallel to the
Cylindrical Vessel Axis r1
t
(c-1)
(e)

2R or (R + t + tn ),
whichever is greater

Limits of reinforcement R = inside radius of

vessel opening
45 deg
Min. thickness (forging) min. r1 Rad. = 1/2 tn with a min. = 1/4 in. (6 mm)
N r2 r1 2tn min.
C B
Rtn

t (actual) shell t tn
D A
r1

N r2
t = nominal thickness of shell or head
tn = nominal thickness of nozzle tp Area to be
tp = nominal thickness of attached pipe 45 deg min. compensated
1/ in. (13 mm) min.
2 A, B, C, D
1/ t
8 r1 1/2t Limits of reinforcement
r2 3/4 in. (19 mm)
N 21/2tn Reinforcement may be distributed within the
limits prescribed by this Division

(f)

FIG. AD-613.1 ACCEPTABLE WELDED NOZZLE ATTACHMENT READILY RADIOGRAPHED TO CODE

STANDARDS

119
 Fig. AD-621.1 2001 SECTION VIII DIVISION 2

Not less
1 than tc
tn 11/4tn t
tc tn w
tw
tc

1 1/ in. (1.6 mm)

16
1/ in. (1.6 mm) recess
16 Not less
recess than 11/4tn Section 1 1

(a) (b)

tn Cmax = diametral clearance in inches (millimeters) between

nozzle and vessel penetration
= 0.010 (0.25) for do 1 in. (25 mm)
= 0.020 (0.51) for 1 in. (25 mm) < do 4 in. (102 mm)
= 0.030 (0.76) for do > 4 in. (102 mm)
do = outside diameter of nozzle
tw 1/ t r 1/ t
r1 8 1 2
t r3 1/4 in. (6 mm) or chamfer 1/4 in. (6 mm) at 45 deg
tc min. = 0.7tn or 1/4 in. (6 mm), whichever is less

do Not less
than 11/4tn

(c-1)

tn tn

w do w do

te r1 te

t t
r1
11/4tn
tw
Smaller of Smaller of
0.7te or 0.7t 0.7te or 0.7t

(c-2) (c-3)

01 FIG. AD-621.1 PARTIAL PENETRATION WELD CONNECTIONS

120
 AD-622 PART AD DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
lated as for straight seamless pipe in accordance with
the rules of this Division including the design stress
intensity value for the material. The thickness tolerance
of ASME B16.11 shall apply.
AD-623 WROUGHT STEEL ELBOWS AND
RETURNS
ASME /ANSI B16.28, Wrought Steel Buttwelding
Elbows and Returns, is acceptable for use under this
Division in accordance with the requirements of AM-
105. Pressuretemperature ratings for such fittings shall
be 80% of those calculated for straight seamless pipe
in accordance with the rules of this Division unless a
100% rating has been established by the fitting manufac-
turer in accordance with para. 9 of ASME B16.9. The
thickness tolerance of ASME / ANSI B16.28 shall apply.
AD-630 STUDDED CONNECTIONS
SUBJECT TO EXTERNAL
LOADING
Studded connections which may have externally im-
posed loads shall have tapped holes complying with
the requirements of AD-740. The vessel or integral
weld buildup shall have a flat surface machined on
the shell to receive the connection. Drilled holes to be
tapped shall not penetrate within one-fourth of the wall
thickness from the inside surface of the vessel after
deducting corrosion allowance, unless at least the mini-
mum thickness required, as above, is maintained by
adding metal to the inside surface of the vessel.
01 AD-635 STUDDED PAD TYPE
CONNECTIONS NOT SUBJECT TO
EXTERNAL LOADING
Studded pad type connections may be used for con-
nections on which there are essentially no external
mechanical loads, such as manways and handholes used
only as inspection openings, thermowell connections,
etc., provided the requirements of AD-570 for pads
are met. The pad shall be attached by a fillet weld
along the outer edge and a single bevel weld along
the inner edge. The throat dimensions of the outer and
inner welds shall be not less than the smaller of 0.7te
or 0.7t. Permissible type of weld attachment is shown
121
AD-641.2
TABLE AD-640.1
MINIMUM NUMBER OF PIPE THREADS FOR
CONNECTIONS
Size of Pipe Minimum Plate
Connection, Thickness
NPS (DN) Threads Engaged Required, in. (mm)
1 3
2 & 4 (15 & 20) 6 0.43 (10.9)
1 1
1, 1 4 & 1 2 7 0.61 (15.5)
(25, 32 & 40)
2 (50) 8 0.70 (17.8)
in Fig. AD-612.1 sketches (d-1) and (d-2). The tapped
holes for stud threads shall comply with AD-740.
AD-640 THREADED CONNECTIONS
AD-640.1 Tapered Pipe Threads Not Over NPS
2. Pipes, tubes, and other threaded connections that
conform to the ANSI Standard for Pipe Threads,
ANSI /ASME B1.20.1, may be screwed into a threaded
hole in a vessel wall provided the pipe engages the
minimum number of threads specified in Table AD-
640.1 after allowance has been made for curvature of
the vessel wall. A built-up pad or a properly attached
plate or fitting shall be used to provide the metal
thickness and number of threads required in Table AD-
640.1 or to furnish reinforcement when required.
AD-640.2 Straight Threads. Straight threaded con-
nections may be employed as provided for in AD-
641.2.
AD-641 Restrictions on the Use of Threaded
Connections
AD-641.1 Tapered Pipe Thread Connections. Inter-
nal taper pipe thread connections larger than NPS 2
(DN 50) shall not be used.
AD-641.2 Straight Threaded Connections
(a) Threaded connections employing straight threads
shall provide for mechanical seating of the assembly
by a shoulder or similar means. Straight threaded center
openings in vessel heads, meeting the requirements of
AF-761 and AF-762, shall be placed at a point where
the calculated stress without a hole, due to any combina-
tion of design pressure and mechanical loadings ex-
pected to occur simultaneously, is not more than 0.5Sm.
AD-641.2 2001 SECTION VIII DIVISION 2 AD-641.2

(b) Threaded connections above 234 in. (70 mm) in

diameter may be used only if they meet the requirements
of AD-160 or, if these requirements are not met, a
detailed fatigue analysis must be made in accordance
with the rules of Appendices 4 and 5.

122