Brendan Branson

P.6
Unit 6 DBQ

In the twentieth century, South Asia and the Middle East used alternate forces of military
power available to them in the skirmishes between non-Islamic groups and themselves, and
they underwent evolution in their methods of governance, doing so by learning from the
examples set from other nations, and unifying the population.

In order to reach their goals the South Asia and the Middle East used the tactic of
bringing together and unifying regional military forces whom shared a common interest in driving
out foreign parties (Docs 4, 7). Taha Husayn, a Muslim literary figure and Egyptian Nationalist,
(doc 4), felt as though a practical and effective method of exiling Europeans from Egyptian
territories is to copy the Europeans methods of combat as well as their technology. Instances of
this need to adopt new military methods can be traced to when the French and British were both
present in Egypt in order to claim the Suez canal. As an Egyptian nationalist Taha would say
this because he is a firm believer of his country and a patriot of sorts, foreign countries stationed
on your land is something a nationalist such as the author would despise. As a literary leader he
is expected to voice his opinion on the issue and in not doing so would result in a loss of his
status, and what all humans crave: popularity. The Islamic Resistance movement, Hamas (Doc
7) illustrated that a shift in the view of Zionism and a unification of Arabs, Muslims, and
Palestinians in opposition of the Jewish people would be achievable and that these groups
could work together to achieve their related goal. The Jews had been given to the Jews in an
attempt at making peace, however this only led to the disgruntlement of middle eastern peoples
and their thirst to possess the holy land themselves. Issued in the book The Covenant of the
Islamic Resistance Movement this message was spread because middle eastern groups would
be satisfied in the repossession of their holy land, by putting out the idea of banding together for
this common goal it allows for the idea to be achieved. By owning this land these religious
peoples will have fulfilled their prophecy and be comforted and satisfied with the fact that this
holy land is theirs. The hunger for land due to a prophecy is similar the the Manifest Destiny
which existed in the post colonial America which stated that America will reach from coast to
coast.

In the Middle Eastern and South Asian region an evolved practice was the observation
and learning from other peoples and their included cultures for their greater good and benefit
(Docs 1, 6). Syed Ahmad Khan (Doc 1), and educator and founder of the Muhammadan
Anglo-Oriental College wanted to express and believed that a route to higher learning of higher
quality and for the greater good of the Muslim people would be to accept the methods of
Europeans such as the British or the Chinese. Syed Khans, purpose in writing this letter to a
fellow Muslim is because he wanted to share his ideas to a like minded individual, someone
who would understand that better methods exist to better teach the students. By getting his
ideas out there he can help accomplish his goal of creating a better education for Muslim
peoples. Higher education could lead to a superiority over the Europeans and maybe even lead
to a breaking of the hold the British Raj had over India at this time in the year 1900. India would
later manage to possess independence once again in the twentieth century. Ahmed Ben Bella
(Doc 6), a military leader of the Algerian National Liberation Front felt as though increasing the
use of western methods into their society would greater help their culture and people thrive
through more peaceful collusions. As the first prime minister of Algeria he believed this because
looking to the Europeans and their relative success and the state of his country, he hoped that
he could better his country and make life better for those he rules over by implementing western
methods. The implementation of outside methods is similar to the the United States sad attempt
to help increase the effectiveness of its public school system under the program known as
Common Core.

Yet another change in the way the Middle east and South Asia governed would be the
use of consolidating the population (Doc 2, 3, 5). Mustafa Kemal Ataturk (Doc 2), a general in
World War I, felt that the government needs to be an institution for the people, to be
representative of the populations feelings and beliefs. As the leader of Turkish independence
and the first president of Turkey from 1932 to 1938 in his speech to the General Congress of the
Republican Party said this because he wanted to be a great first president and a memorable
one, as well as appealing to a republicans taste for a people led government. This is to solidify
his power and keep the Republicans approval of him as president. Moufdi Zakaria (Doc 3), an
Algerian nationalist believes that all Muslims should unite and be governed under a single ruling
body, to fight only when provoked, and to stand together and fight when the need arises. In the
speech to the North African Student association he says this because he wants the greatest
good to come to his people, and in his eyes he sees that unification is a way to do that, by
speaking of unity and togetherness perhaps his views could become a reality and the Muslims
of the world could become strong and live the way their religion teaches them to. An Egyptian
poster titled The Hand of the Revolution is turning over to a new page of glory (Doc 5) aims to
show that a an evolution in government to one in which democracy and a ruling body which
does so in the name of the people is the future. He reveals an instance in which Egyptians can
come together to fight off the European colonizers and achieve this democracy. As a poster
intended to be seen, it wants to spread its message because the creators of the poster want
those who see it to know what a possible future could look like for Egyptians, a future where
they are free from heavy western influence and be decolonized. This idea would be a popular
one among the Egyptian people and lead to protest and hopefully change with garnered
support. The desire for a government dominated by the people is similar to the Americans living
in the colonies, once revolution succeeded they formed a government which was meant to favor
the common man.

In the twentieth century the Middle East and South Asias governments changed in how
they began to use outside forced to achieve a common goal, and managed to bring their people
together in order to be stronger and stand together, and taking greater care in learning from
other cultures.