Professional Documents
Culture Documents
The company operates a franchised distribution system dating from 1889 where The
Coca-Cola Company only produces syrup concentrate which is then sold to various
bottlers throughout the world who hold an exclusive territory.
The Coca-Cola Company is headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia. Its stock is listed on the
NYSE and is part of DJIA, S&P 500 Index, the Russell 1000 Index and the Russell 1000
Growth Stock Index. Its current chairman and CEO is Muhtar Kent.
Mission, Vision & Values
The world is changing all around us. To continue to thrive as a business over the next ten
years and beyond, we must look ahead, understand the trends and forces that will shape
our business in the future and move swiftly to prepare for what's to come. We must get
ready for tomorrow today. That's what our 2020 Vision is all about. It creates a long-term
destination for our business and provides us with a "Roadmap" for winning together with
our bottling partners.
Our Mission
Our Roadmap starts with our mission, which is enduring. It declares our purpose as a
company and serves as the standard against which we weigh our actions and decisions.
Our Vision
Our vision serves as the framework for our Roadmap and guides every aspect of our
business by describing what we need to accomplish in order to continue achieving
sustainable, quality growth.
• People: Be a great place to work where people are inspired to be the best they can
be.
• Portfolio: Bring to the world a portfolio of quality beverage brands that anticipate
and satisfy people's desires and needs.
• Partners: Nurture a winning network of customers and suppliers, together we
create mutual, enduring value.
• Planet: Be a responsible citizen that makes a difference by helping build and
support sustainable communities.
• Profit: Maximize long-term return to shareowners while being mindful of our
overall responsibilities.
• Productivity: Be a highly effective, lean and fast-moving organization.
(http://www.thecoca-colacompany.com/ourcompany/mission_vision_values.html)
Coca-Cola's Mission Statement Analysis
In general, firms have two mission statements. One is an internal guide for employees to
understand what the company does, how it is done, and who it is done for. This internal
mission statement keeps the employees focused on the realistic goals of the firm. The
other mission statement is broadcast externally. An outline for customers, investors, and
business partners, the external mission statement lists who the firm is, what it does, how
it does what it does, and how it does what it does better than anyone else. This broader
statement contains guidance for those outside of the firm who are interested in doing
business with the organization, and it contains broader, inspirational goals, for members
of the organization.
“To Refresh the World” -- This is a statement that suggests that Coca-Cola produces
some sort of food item, which it does, of course.
“To Inspire Moments of Optimism” -- This statement is unclear and does nothing to
differentiate Coca-Cola from any other food producer. One of the goals of every firm is
to inspire optimism.
“To Create Value and Make a Difference” -- Likewise, this statement, while better
defined than the prior statement, simply plays on the reader’s emotions and adds nothing
substantive.
The second section of the mission statement, entitled vision, defines the company and the
competition much better than the first. And it defines exactly the product that the
company makes. This section lists Coca-Cola’s goals to encourage a happy workforce, to
be responsible environmentally, to carry refreshing beverages, to be a good business
partner, all while completing its responsibilities to its shareholders.
The last section of the mission statement, named “values,” gives the reader an idea of the
qualities that Coca-Cola expects of its employees: leadership, passion, integrity,
accountability, collaboration, innovation, and quality, all indicate that the company’s
expectations of its employees, and likely its business partners, are high.
Overall, Coca-Cola’s mission statement defines its goals, policies, and values and defines
the competency of the company. It indicates the company’s scope; the reach of Coca-
Cola is world-wide. It does not, however, do a good job of stating why its operation is
better than anyone else’s. As a result, it does not define the competitive environment.
Most of the ideals that Coca-Cola lists are generic -- every firm wants to do good by its
shareholders and its customers. Consequently, the mission statement needs refined if it is
to be taken seriously.
Second part of the mission statement is entitled vision which contains the
information, about the company and the competition. And it defines exactly the
product that the company makes
• People: Be a great place to work where people are inspired to be the best they can
be.
• Portfolio: Bring to the world a portfolio of quality beverage brands that anticipate
and satisfy people's desires and needs.
• Partners: Nurture a winning network of customers and suppliers, together we
create mutual, enduring value.
• Planet: Be a responsible citizen that makes a difference by helping build and
support sustainable communities.
• Profit: Maximize long-term return to shareowners while being mindful of our
overall responsibilities.
• Productivity: Be a highly effective, lean and fast-moving organization.
The above section clearly defined us about the mission statement of the CocaCola and
it covers all the major components of Mission statements excluding the customer
information that for which customer they are making about the product the general
concept has been taken from the statements that it covers the entire beverage and the
general customer as well.
• Standard work hours and maximum overtime that an employee or labor can avail.
Outbound Logistcs(Buyer/Customer):
Coca-Cola seek to better understand the impact of the its business by the side of its
whole value cycle and partner with its customers to deal with areas of concern and add
value ahead of its beverage products. Large international chains of retailers and
restaurants and small independent businesses and grocery stores are its customers. Coca-
Cola believe in work with its customers equally to create mutual benefit. The Coca-cola
serves its customers through account management teams, providing services and support
tailored to their needs. Coca-Cola is continually looking for ways to reduce costs,
improve sales and profits, and deliver better-quality, more diverse products to consumers
by interacting with its customers. Coca-cola is working to create additional value for its
customers by anticipating its demands and interests and to proactively deliver possible
solutions for the businesses.
Overall, Coca-Cola has sustained an overall market Share lead by 43% versus 31% of
Pepsi and 18% of cadberry. Coke is often ahead of PepsiCo. Internationally.
Coke maintains a virtually equal portion of this market. Pepsi has strong sales through the
restaurant chains it owns.
Brand loyalty is major strength for Coca-Cola. The net result was greater market share
and profitability for Coke as it realized the depth of its brand loyalty.
Support Activities:
Procurement:
Coca-Cola has followed a strategy of increased ownership of bottling
operations worldwide as a way to make its operations more efficient and also to improve
product availability as well as marketing focus. In some cases, investments represent
minority shares in the bottling company, wherein Coca-Cola is able to help focus and
improve sales and marketing programs, assist in the development of effective business
and
information systems and provide operating expertise.
Coca-Cola focused on route-to-market design and optimization of infrastructure in
bottling operations. Coke recently aqured Kerry Beverages and Apollinaris GmbH.
Long term strategy of the coke is to reduce the bottling cost and bottlers’ power.
Technology development:
The world is getting smaller and smaller. Ease of travel and increasingly sophisticated,
direct worldwide communication capabilities drive this phenomenon. With its global
scope and the power of the world's most everywhere trademark, the Coca-Cola system is
uniquely equipped to market to this group.
Infrastructure:
Coca-cola has strong departments like accounting, marketing and finance department. Its
team working under the CEO isadell is very strong and competent. Coca-cola believes in
maintaining quality and standards in product as well as in its internal system regarding
working standards and employee ethics and rights.
Soft drink industry is very profitable, more so for the concentrate producers than the
bottler’s. This is surprising considering the fact that product sold is a commodity which
can even be produced easily. There are several reasons for this, using the five forces
analysis we can clearly demonstrate how each force contributes the profitability of the
industry.
Barriers to Entry:
The several factors that make it very difficult for the competition to enter the soft drink
market include:
• Bottling Network: Both Coke and PepsiCo have franchisee agreements with their
existing bottler’s who have rights in a certain geographic area in perpetuity. These
agreements prohibit bottler’s from taking on new competing brands for similar
products. Also with the recent consolidation among the bottler’s and the backward
integration with both Coke and Pepsi buying significant percent of bottling
companies, it is very difficult for a firm entering to find bottler’s willing to
distribute their product.
The other approach to try and build their bottling plants would be very capital-intensive
effort with new efficient plant capital requirements in 1998 being $75 million.
• Advertising Spend: The advertising and marketing spend (Case Exhibit 5 & 6) in
the industry is in 2000 was around $ 2.6 billion (0.40 per case * 6.6 billion cases)
mainly by Coke, Pepsi and their bottler’s. The average advertisement spending
per point of market share in 2000 was 8.3 million (Exhibit 2). This makes it
extremely difficult for an entrant to compete with the incumbents and gain any
visibility.
• Brand Image / Loyalty: Coke and Pepsi have a long history of heavy advertising
and this has earned them huge amount of brand equity and loyal customer’s all
over the world. This makes it virtually impossible for a new entrant to match this
scale in this market place.
• Fear of Retaliation: To enter into a market with entrenched rival behemoths like
Pepsi and Coke is not easy as it could lead to price wars which affect the new
comer.
Suppliers:
Buyers:
The major channels for the Soft Drink industry (Exhibit 6) are food stores, Fast food
fountain, vending, convenience stores and others in the order of market share. The
profitability in each of these segments clearly illustrate the buyer power and how
different buyers pay different prices based on their power to negotiate.
• Food Stores: These buyers in this segment are some what consolidated with
several chain stores and few local supermarkets, since they offer premium shelf
space they command lower prices, the net operating profit before tax (NOPBT)
for concentrate producer’s in this segment is $0.23/case
• Fountain: This segment of buyer’s are the least profitable because of their large
amount of purchases hey make, It allows them to have freedom to negotiate. Coke
and Pepsi primarily consider this segment “Paid Sampling” with low margins.
NOPBT in this segment is $0.09 /case.
• Vending: This channel serves the customer’s directly with absolutely no power
with the buyer, hence NOPBT of $0.97/case.
Substitutes: Large numbers of substitutes like water, beer, coffee, juices etc are
available to the end consumers but this countered by concentrate providers by huge
advertising, brand equity, and making their product easily available for consumers, which
most substitutes cannot match. Also soft drink companies diversify business by offering
substitutes themselves to shield themselves from competition. Rivalry:
The Concentrate Producer industry can be classified as a Duopoly with Pepsi and Coke as
the firms competing. The market share of the rest of the competition is too small to cause
any upheaval of pricing or industry structure. Pepsi and Coke mainly over the years
competed on differentiation and advertising rather than on pricing except for a period in
the 1990’s. This prevented a huge dent in profits. Pricing wars are however a feature in
their international expansion strategies.
4. Can Coke and Pepsi sustain their profits in the wake of flattening demand and
growing popularity of non-carbonated drinks?
Yes Coke can Pepsi can sustain their profits in the industry because of the following
reasons:
• The industry structure for several decades has been kept intact with no new
threats from new competition and no major changes appear on the radar line
• This industry does not have a great deal of threat from disruptive forces in
technology.
• Coke and Pepsi have been in the business long enough to accumulate great
amount of brand equity which can sustain them for a long time and allow them to
use the brand equity when they diversify their business more easily by leveraging
the brand.
• Globalization has provided a boost to the people from the emerging economies to
move up the economic ladder. This opens up huge opportunity for these firms
• Per capita consumption in the emerging economies is very small compared to the
US market so there is huge potential for growth.
• Coke and Pepsi can diversify into non–carbonated drinks to counter the flattening
demand in the carbonated drinks. This will provide diversification options and
provide an opportunity to grow.
Globalization provides Coke and Pepsi with both unique challenges as well as
opportunities at the same time. To certain extent globalization has changed the industry
structure because of the following factors.
• Rivalry Intensity: Coke has been more dominant (53% of market share in 1999).
in the international market compared to Pepsi (21% of market share in 1999) This
can be attributed to the fact that it took advantage of Pepsi entering the markets
late and has set up its bottler’s and distribution networks especially in developed
markets. This has put Pepsi at a significant disadvantage compared to the US
Market.
• Barriers to Entry: Barriers to entry are not as strong in emerging markets and it
will be more challenging to Coke and Pepsi, where they would have to deal with
regulatory challenges, cultural and any existing competition who have their
distribution networks already setup. The will lack the clout that have with the
bottler’s in the US.
• Suppliers: Since the raw material’s are commodities there should be no problems
on this front this is not any different
• Substitutes: Since many of the markets are culturally very different and vast
numbers of substitutes are available, added to the fact that carbonated products
are not the first choices to quench thirst in these cultures present additional
significant challenges.
Political
Coca-Cola is monitoring the policies and regulations set by the government. There are no
political issues in this instance in this industry except some. They can’t advertise their
product in schools as this policy been regulated by European Union.
Economic
There is low growth in the market for carbonated drinks, especially in Coca-Cola’s
main market. The raised prices of raw material for Coca-Cola such as corns, fuel,
electricity and oranges affected this industry negatively.
Social
There are changes in consumers’ lifestyles. Consumers are more health conscious.
This affects the Coca-Cola’s sales of the carbonated drinks as consumers prefer
non-carbonated drinks such as tea, juices and bottled drinks. Demand for
carbonated drinks decreases and this leads to a decrease in Coca-Cola’s revenues for its
carbonated drinks.
Technological
As the technology advances, Coca-Cola introduces new products in the market. It also
entered in diet coke, Sports drinks, Energy drinks, tea and coffee etc. But the main brand
for the company is still coca-cola.
Introduction
Coca Cola markets nearly 2,400 beverages products in over 200 geographic locations. As
a result development of a superior value system is imperative to their operations.
Throughout this paper we will analyze their value system by using Michael Porter’s value
chain analysis model. In an attempt to paint a current picture of the non-alcoholic
beverage industry we will assess the market activity by using mergers, acquisitions and
IPO’S as our benchmarks to determine if the market is growing or contracting.
A value chain is a model used to disaggregate a firm into its strategically relevant value
generating activities, in order to evaluate each activity's contribution to the firm's
performance (Terms V 2006). Through the analysis of this model we can gain insight as
to how a firm creates their competitive advantage and shareholder value.
The value chain of the nonalcoholic beverage industry contains five main activities.
These include inbound logistics (suppliers), operations, outbound logistics (buyers/
customers), marketing and sales, and service.
Some of Coca Cola’s most notable suppliers include Spherion, Jones Lang LaSalle, IBM,
Ogilvy and Mather, IMI Cornelius, and Prudential. These companies provide Coca Cola
with materials such as ingredients, packaging and machinery. In order to ensure that these
materials are in satisfactory condition, Coca-cola has put certain standards in place which
these suppliers must adhere to (The Supplier Guiding Principles). These include:
compliance with laws and standards, laws and regulations, freedom of association and
collective bargaining, forced and child labor, abuse of labor, discrimination, wages and
benefits, work hours and overtime, health and safety, environment, and demonstration of
compliance (Coca Cola 2006).
See Appendix for additional information:
From time to time, Coca-Cola uses third parties to assess their suppliers by having
interviews with employers and contract workers. If a supplier has issues about the
supplier guiding principles, they are usually given a certain amount of time to take
corrective measures; if not, Coca-Cola has the right to terminate their contract with these
suppliers.
Operations
The activities required to get finished products to customers include warehousing, order
fulfillment, transportation, and distribution management. Coca Cola has the world’ss
largest distribution system. They own, lease, and operate in over 800 plants around the
world (Coca Cola 2006). The 2,400 beverage products which they market reach
consumers in more than 200 different geographic locations (Coca Cola 2006). Grocery
stores such as Sobeys, fast food restaurants such as McDonalds (fountain sodas), and
vending machines are just a few of the distribution units used to ultimately reach
consumers.
Coca Cola has over 300 bottling partners which range from publicly traded businesses to
small family owned operations (Coca Cola 2006). They have implemented the Coca Cola
System in which they work cohesively with their partners in order to develop strategies
aimed to meet the needs of all their customers.
Examples of their commitment to these strategies are seen in their plant in Indonesia,
where boats are used to transport the products between hundreds of islands throughout
the Amazon. This is often because waterways are often the main way to access these
remote islands. In some of the higher elevations of in the Andes, Coca Cola products are
sometimes transported by four-legged power. Across much of Africa, bottlers deliver to
thousands of family-run kiosks and home-based stores.
Coca Cola’s ultimate goal is to deepen their brands’ connection with consumers. As a
result, they have to constantly reinvent their product (Coca Cola 2006). The marketing
strategy they use is directly linked to the consumer; from advertising, to point of sale, to
ultimately opening and consuming a Coca Cola beverage. Techniques which they have
used to achieve this include developing new products and brands, changing the design of
their packaging, and designing various new advertising campaigns (Coca Cola 2006).
On October 19th, Coca Cola reported their earnings for the third quarter. Earnings per
share are up which results in higher benefits for shareholders. According to Neville
Isdell, CEO of Coca Cola, they have experienced a growth in sales of five percent
compared to the same quarter last year. This is as a result of balancing performance
across their global markets and their product portfolio (Coca Cola 2006).
Service
Activities that maintain and enhance a product’s value include customer support, repair
services, installation and training.
Coca Cola’s customers range from large international retailers and restaurants to smaller
independent businesses and vendors. As a result, they provide services tailored to meet
their customer’s needs.
Coca Cola also supports their customer’s by providing them with the training necessary
to help their businesses become more effective and profitable. They have established
Customer Development and Training Centers which are available to mor...