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ISSN: 2249-9504
ABSTRACT
Control of mosquitoes is something of utmost importance in the present day with
rising number of mosquito borne illnesses. Deforestation and industrialized farming
are also two of the factors causing an alarming increase in the range of mosquitoes.
Specialty products like mosquito repellent used to combat mosquitoes are required.
Each of the products used for mosquito control have varying degrees of effectiveness.
Carbon dioxide and lactic acid present in sweat in warm- blooded animals act as an
attractive substance for mosquitoes. The perception of the odor is through chemo-
receptors present in the antennae of mosquitoes. Insect repellents work by masking
human scent; a number of natural and chemical mosquito repellents were studied in
this review that work to repel mosquitoes. Chemical mosquito repellents has a
remarkable safety profile , but they are toxicity against the skin & nervous
system like rashes, swelling, eye irritation, and worse problems, though unusual --
including brain swelling in children, anaphylactic shock, and low blood pressure.
Hence it was concluded that natural mosquito repellents were preferred over chemical
mosquito repellents.
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transmitted by mosquitoes than from all the screened areas or use bed nets. Avoid
fighting in all the wars, says appropriate mosquito breeding by clearing stagnant
technology company Jade Mountain."The water from drains. Another important
world's most dangerous animal is the method to break out from mosquitoes is by
mosquito," according to a BBC World the usage of Repellent1,2.
Service health program: malaria now infects
approximately 110 million people annually, Methods of mosquito control
causing 2-3 million deaths, and with Mosquito-borne diseases affect millions of
increasing drug resistance, the problem is people worldwide each year. The bite of a
worsening, while attempts to control the mosquito can result in anything from a skin
mosquitoes with pesticides have proved irritation to contracting malaria. Clearly,
ineffective. Escaping from mosquito is mosquitoes are not just a nuisance, but also
nowadays a great necessitate in the world potentially harmful. By taking measures
as they are posing much irritation and even such as wearing long pants in wooded areas
throwing many to death. They are the or disposing of standing water, you can
carriers of many harmful diseases like West minimize the chances of attracting
Nile Virus disease; Malaria, Dengue Fever, mosquitoes. These measures, however, are
Chikungunya, Lyme disease etc. Dengue often not enough, and specialty products
Fever and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever are like mosquito repellent used to combat
the most common mosquito-borne viral mosquitoes are required. Each of the
diseases that affect a wide range of people products used for mosquito control have
in the world. It is caused due to the bite of varying degrees of effectiveness, and it is
an infected Aedes Mosquito. It is a important to know that some may be better
threatening disease as there is no proper than others2.
vaccine or treatment yet found. These
diseases are caused only due to our Definition of mosquito repellent
carelessness. Actually we our self is getting A mosquito repellent is a substance applied
in to the danger. The only way to get away to skin, clothing, or other surfaces which
from these diseases is by taking proper discourages insects (and arthropods in
protection as soon as possible. There are general) from landing or climbing on that
number of things you should take care to surface. There is also mosquito repellent
avoid being bitten by mosquitoes. Wear products available based on sound
long-sleeved shirts and long pants tucked production, particularly ultrasound
into socks while you are working outdoors. (inaudibly high frequency sounds)3.
While indoors, stay in air-conditioned or
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pleasant to use. Lotions have not been polyester, and polyamide. Each style of net
much used. has its advantages, and ensuring that you
are using the most suitable one increases
2] Non-chemical methods your chances of eliminating mosquitoes. It
A) Physical method is crucial to find a net that has a mesh size
Emptying the stagnant water in rain gutters, large enough to allow air to circulate, but
old tires, buckets, plastic covers, etc. you small enough to keep the mosquitoes out.
must regularly change the water in bird Mosquito nets can be used to cover small
baths, fountains, pools, rain barrels etc at and large areas such as your bed or your
least once in a week. Protecting yourself porch. Mosquito nets are an effective way to
with full sleeved clothing is also highly naturally combat mosquitoes5.
essential particularly during the dawn and
dusk times. Repair your windows or door II) Mosquito Traps
screens to prevent mosquito entry. Mosquito traps lure and capture female
mosquitoes. The trap mimics the different
I) Mosquito Net - Mosquito nets are mosquito attractants such as exhaled
considered better protection from carbon dioxide, human scents and body
mosquitoes than coils and other repellents heat. Attracted by these chemicals, the
that cause health hazards. Sleeping under insect approaches and an impeller fan
mosquito netting can also guarantee you draws it in. It then adheres to a sticky
protection from mosquitoes. Medicated surface on the device and is eventually
mosquito nets are now considered the best electrocuted. Mosquito traps are powered
solution. by electricity or propane and are a safe,
chemical free method of mosquito control6.
a) Medicated Net
Existing mosquito nets could be medicated B) Mechanical methods
by using K-O (25% deltamethrin) tablets. It is also found that yellow light attracts
Vasanth of Sumangala Agro Supplies mosquitoes less than white lights.
reported that one tablet should be mixed in
one liter of water. The net should be soaked a) Electric mosquito zapper
in this solution for 10 minutes, and dried on An electric zapper works by using
the ground in a cool area. The effect of the ultraviolet light to lure in bugs and then
medicine lasts for about six months. The kills them upon contact with its lethal dose
tablet contains 25 per cent deltamethrin of electrical charge7 as shown in Figure 2.
and keeps mosquitoes away. Window
meshes could also be medicated in a similar b) Mosquito Magnet
fashion. Medicated nets were safer than The Mosquito Magnet mimics mammals by
coils and liquidators, and had been giving off carbon dioxide, heat and
approved by the World Health Organization. moisture. Once the mosquito gets
"K-O tablets are not harmful as the residue too close to the magnet, it is sucked in and
of chemicals remains only on the net and eventually dies of dehydration these are
the user does not inhale it. Inhalation of combined with an attractant called octenol
chemicals from coils and liquidators causes which is a natural plant pheromone. As an
respiratory tract infections, headaches and advantage, the Mosquito Magnet not only
aggravates asthma," K-O tablets might cause captures mosquitoes, but will also kill biting
skin irritation in some people [4], as shown midges, black flies, and sand flies. It
in Figure 1. vacuums the insects into a net where they
dehydrate and die. The mosquito magnet
b) Non Medicated Net works by releasing a carbon dioxide spray,
Mosquito netting is a protective covering heat and moisture7.
that prevents mosquitoes and other insects Insect repellents help prevent and control
from biting you. There are different shapes the outbreak of insect-borne diseases such
and sizes of mosquito netting, and they also as malaria, Lyme disease, Dengue fever,
come in different materials such as cotton, bubonic plague, and West Nile fever. Pest
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herbs in the herb bed (lots of green stuff for natural mosquito repellent discovered to
the compost), but it quickly grew back. And date. It was discovered that female
we found it keeps the mosquitoes away. It mosquitoes are repulsive to the scent of
contains something very similar to Thiamine. So, the patch works by inducing a
citronella oil, it's a safe and natural insect controlled amount of Vitamin B1 or
repellent that's just as effective as the Thiamine into the blood stream. The
commercial chemical products, especially infusion of excess Thiamine into the blood
when it's fresh. In fact lemon grass is more makes the body respond by excreting the
effective than true citronella. excess nutrient through sweat; and a
Rubbing the long, grassy leaves on the skin human body has about 26 million sweat
worked well, but the stalk worked even glands spread throughout the entire body
better. Take one stalk of fresh lemon grass thats 26 million Thiamine excretion spots
(grip it near the ground and give it a sharp
sideways tug to break it off from the clump), CONCLUSION
peel off the outer leaves, snap off the grass From above study on review of mosquito
blades behind the swollen stem at the base. repellent methods it is concluded that the
Bend the stem between your fingers, natural mosquito repellents are the best
loosening it, then rub it vigorously between methods to repelled mosquito as compare
your palms so that it fractures into a kind of to synthetic methods, but the disadvantage
fibrous juicy mass, and rub this mess over of natural mosquito repellents that it can
all exposed skin, covering thoroughly at evaporate completely may need more
least once. Pleasant on the skin and frequent re-application to maintain full
effective: 98% protection at the Beach protection and can be overcome by
House at sundown, 100% any other time, formulating different dosage forms of
and the effect lasts about 4-5 hours. In most volatile oil like creams, ointments, lotions
places, where the mosquitoes are less using various water removable bases.
fanatical, use less and it'll last longer21.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Recent Advances in Mosquito Repellent The authors are thankful to Prof. T. J.
Methods Sawant, Chairman and other office bearers
Fogging of Jayvant Shikshan Prasarak Mandal for
This method of controlling mosquitoes, flies providing laboratory facilities.
and other such pests is temporary but is
indeed necessary in many instances,
including health threats from severe bug
populations and to prepare for an outdoor
activity where these pests are unwanted. A
thermal fogger (as opposed to a cold fogger)
produces a pesticide fog or smoke by
heating the fogging solution with a coil
inside of the unit. Once this coil warms up,
it will produce a nice insect fog that is
directed to areas where you would like to Fig. 1: Medicated net
kill mosquitoes, ready-to-use fogging
solution, each gallon contains 0.5%
Pyrethrins and 5.0% Piperonyl Butoxide
Mosquito Patch,-The patch a 22-in body
patch that uses a revolutionary trans-
dermal technology to deliver a natural
mosquito repellent nutrient directly into
the blood stream for a complete 24-hour
mosquito protection. The only ingredient in
the patch is Vitamin B1 or Thiamine.
Thiamine is known to be the most effective Fig. 2: Electric mosquito zapper
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