Professional Documents
Culture Documents
PART 1
For questions 1-15, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each space.
Use only one word in each space. There is an example at the beginning (0). Write your
answers in CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet.
Example: WHERE
Workspace
Is the space (0) .. you work or study comfortable? Is it specifically designed
to ensure that whatever stresses and strains you have to (1) . up with in the
course of your work, your surroundings make life just that little bit (2)
bearable? Are you greeted each morning (3) . a colour scheme that is easy
(4) the eye, and the smell of freshly-cut flowers? Or (5)
you instead have to settle for a desk embellished with (6) .. manner of pen
marks, coffee rings and other reminders of its former occupants?
(7) . the second scenario sounds more familiar, you are by (8)
.. means alone. A recent survey found that 38% of employees feel the
interior design of the space they work in prevents (9) . from
performing to the (10) .. of their abilities. It's easy to underestimate
the importance of a working environment, (11) . , though it's where you
spend a good part of the working day.
Example: RELATIVELY
Caffeine
Caffeine is a (0) .. mild drug which produces a mood RELATE
rather than a (16) and doesn't induce its consumers SENSE
to lose their grip on reality. Uniquely discreet, it passes almost
(17) . in many of its preparations, such as fizzy drinks NOTICE
and chocolate, which perhaps provides the best (18) .. EXPLAIN
for why nine people in every ten around the world use it with
such (19) .. . This, after all, is a drug which can be taken REGULAR
first thing in the morning, at work or at school, without fear
of rebuke.
Morality is not absolute. Rather it is a mutable quantity that is continuously shaped and
adapted by the society in which it operates. And in turn, society is constructed, in part at
least, by its moral codes. In this respect, morality is similar to law. Law, however, and its
attendant penalties for disobedience, are formally enshrined in statute. They are imposed
upon the citizen by a judiciary working for, and as part of, society as a collective entity.
In the area of product design and manufacture, there are increased, marketers and
designers have milked every area principle aspects to which a moral code may be
applied. of life for maximum financial reward. Initially these may be concerned with the
sourcing of raw hobby is left untapped. Perhaps the ultimate pinnacle of materials, and
what resultant damage will be caused to achievement for consumer society is that 'for
many people the surrounding environment. With an average of one shopping seems to be
a form of leisure in itself, major oceanic spill every second day for the past 18 years, and
safety procedures at numerous industrial plants 1431 I failing regularly, our material
world comes at a high price.
Generally speaking, people are ambitious, and arrive at
139 j I their own self-image by comparison with others, creating
a strong, if unspoken personal hierarchy. In the same way A product itself, however, is
not inherently moral or that currency is used as the simplest way to create a immoral
although in the fulfilment of its intended purpose language of value between items of
different nature, our it may achieve a moral status. Rifle associations and gun material
possessions are the most immediate way of clubs frequently assert in their defence that,
'Guns don't displaying our worth to society. In a world where image kill people. People
kill people.' This attitude shifts the takes precedence over wisdom, it is a strong-willed
burden of morality from the designer onto the end user. individual indeed, who can resist
the lure of While it is true that someone has to pull the trigger, that unquestioning
consumption.
trigger has to be made in the first place. 1441 I
140.1 I '-j I
. . . In other words, as long as we know the nature of the Less obVIously, moral1ty may
relate to questions on the
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