NelsonTextbookofPediatrics,2VolumeSet,20thEdition

Kliegman,Stanton,St.Geme&Schor

TableofContents

VOLUME1

PARTI

TheFieldofPediatrics

1OVERVIEWOFPEDIATRICS

2QUALITYANDSAFETYINHEALTHCAREFORCHILDREN

3ETHICSINPEDIATRICCARE

4CULTURALISSUESINPEDIATRICCARE

5MAXIMIZINGCHILDRENSHEALTH:?SCREENING,ANTICIPATORYGUIDANCE,ANDCOUNSELING

PARTII

Growth,Development,andBehavior

6OVERVIEWANDASSESSMENTOF?VARIABILITY

7COGNITIVEDEVELOPMENT:DOMAINSANDTHEORIES

8ASSESSMENTOFFETALGROWTHANDDEVELOPMENT

9THENEWBORN

10THEFIRSTYEAR

11THESECONDYEAR

12THEPRESCHOOLYEARS

13MIDDLECHILDHOOD

14ADOLESCENCE

15ASSESSMENTOFGROWTH

16DEVELOPMENTALBEHAVIORALSCREENINGANDSURVEILLANCE

17CHILDCARE:HOWPEDIATRICIANSCANSUPPORTCHILDRENANDFAMILIES

18LOSS,SEPARATION,ANDBEREAVEMENT

19SLEEPMEDICINE

PARTIII

BehavioralandPsychiatricDisorders

20ASSESSMENTANDINTERVIEWING

21PSYCHOLOGICALTREATMENTOFCHILDRENANDADOLESCENTS
22SOMATICSYMPTOMANDRELATEDDISORDERS

23RUMINATIONANDPICA

24MOTORDISORDERSANDHABITS

25ANXIETYDISORDERS

26MOODDISORDERS

27SUICIDEANDATTEMPTEDSUICIDE

28EATINGDISORDERS

29DISRUPTIVE,IMPULSECONTROL,ANDCONDUCTDISORDERS

30AUTISMSPECTRUMDISORDER

31CHILDHOODPSYCHOSES

PARTIV

LearningDisorders

32NEURODEVELOPMENTALFUNCTIONANDDYSFUNCTIONINTHESCHOOLAGECHILD

33ATTENTIONDEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITYDISORDER

34DYSLEXIA

35LANGUAGEDEVELOPMENTANDCOMMUNICATIONDISORDERS

36INTELLECTUALDISABILITY

PARTV

ChildrenwithSpecialNeeds

37ADOPTION

38FOSTERANDKINSHIPCARE

39IMPACTOFVIOLENCEONCHILDREN

40ABUSEDANDNEGLECTEDCHILDREN

41FAILURETOTHRIVE

42CHRONICILLNESSINCHILDHOOD

43PEDIATRICPALLIATIVECARE

PARTVI

Nutrition

44NUTRITIONALREQUIREMENTS

45FEEDINGHEALTHYINFANTS,CHILDREN,?ANDADOLESCENTS

46NUTRITION,FOODSECURITY,ANDHEALTH

47OVERWEIGHTANDOBESITY

48VITAMINADEFICIENCIESANDEXCESS
49VITAMINBCOMPLEXDEFICIENCIESANDEXCESS

50VITAMINC(ASCORBICACID)

51RICKETSANDHYPERVITAMINOSISD

52VITAMINEDEFICIENCY

53VITAMINKDEFICIENCY

54MICRONUTRIENTMINERALDEFICIENCIES

PARTVII

FluidandElectrolyteDisorders

55ELECTROLYTEANDACIDBASEDISORDERS

56MAINTENANCEANDREPLACEMENTTHERAPY

57DEFICITTHERAPY

58FLUIDANDELECTROLYTETREATMENTOFSPECIFICDISORDERS

PARTVIII

PediatricDrugTherapy

59PEDIATRICPHARMACOGENETICS,PHARMACOGENOMICS,ANDPHARMACOPROTEOMICS

60PRINCIPLESOFDRUGTHERAPY

61ANESTHESIA,PERIOPERATIVECARE,ANDSEDATION

62PEDIATRICPAINMANAGEMENT

63POISONING

64COMPLEMENTARYTHERAPIESANDINTEGRATIVEMEDICINE

PARTIX

TheAcutelyIllChild

65EVALUATIONOFTHESICKCHILDINTHEOFFICEANDCLINIC

66EMERGENCYMEDICALSERVICESFORCHILDREN

67PEDIATRICEMERGENCIESANDRESUSCITATION

68NEUROLOGICEMERGENCIESANDSTABILIZATION

69SYNCOPE

70SHOCK

71RESPIRATORYDISTRESSANDFAILURE

72ACUTECAREOFTHEVICTIMOFMULTIPLETRAUMA

73ALTITUDEASSOCIATEDILLNESSINCHILDREN(ACUTEMOUNTAINSICKNESS)

74DROWNINGANDSUBMERSIONINJURY

75BURNINJURIES
76COLDINJURIES

PARTX

HumanGenetics

77INTEGRATIONOFGENETICSINTOPEDIATRICPRACTICE

78THEGENETICAPPROACHINPEDIATRICMEDICINE

79THEHUMANGENOME

80PATTERNSOFGENETICTRANSMISSION

81CYTOGENETICS

82GENETICSOFCOMMONDISORDERS

83GENETICAPPROACHESTORAREANDUNDIAGNOSEDDISEASES

PARTXI

MetabolicDisorders

84ANAPPROACHTOINBORNERRORSOFMETABOLISM

85DEFECTSINMETABOLISMOFAMINOACIDS

86DEFECTSINMETABOLISMOFLIPIDS

87DEFECTSINMETABOLISMOFCARBOHYDRATES

88MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDOSES

89DISORDERSOFPURINEANDPYRIMIDINEMETABOLISM

90HUTCHINSONGILFORDPROGERIASYNDROME

91THEPORPHYRIAS

92HYPOGLYCEMIA

PARTXII

TheFetusandtheNeonatalInfant

93OVERVIEWOFMORTALITYANDMORBIDITY

94THENEWBORNINFANT

95HIGHRISKPREGNANCIES

96THEFETUS

97THEHIGHRISKINFANT

98CLINICALMANIFESTATIONSOFDISEASESINTHENEWBORNPERIOD

99NERVOUSSYSTEMDISORDERS

100DELIVERYROOMEMERGENCIES

101RESPIRATORYTRACTDISORDERS

102DIGESTIVESYSTEMDISORDERS
103BLOODDISORDERS

104GENITOURINARYSYSTEM

105THEUMBILICUS

106METABOLICDISTURBANCES

107THEENDOCRINESYSTEM

108DYSMORPHOLOGY

109INFECTIONSOFTHENEONATALINFANT

PARTXIII

AdolescentMedicine

110ADOLESCENTDEVELOPMENT

111THEEPIDEMIOLOGYOFADOLESCENTHEALTHPROBLEMS

112DELIVERYOFHEALTHCARETOADOLESCENTS

113VIOLENTBEHAVIOR

114SUBSTANCEABUSE

115THEBREAST

116MENSTRUALPROBLEMS

117CONTRACEPTION

118ADOLESCENTPREGNANCY

119ADOLESCENTRAPE

120SEXUALLYTRANSMITTEDINFECTIONS

121CHRONICFATIGUESYNDROME

Immunology

Section1EVALUATIONOFTHEIMMUNESYSTEM

122EVALUATIONOFSUSPECTEDIMMUNODEFICIENCY

Section2THET,B,ANDNKCELLSYSTEMS

123TLYMPHOCYTES,BLYMPHOCYTES,ANDNATURALKILLERCELLS

124PRIMARYDEFECTSOFANTIBODYPRODUCTION

125PRIMARYDEFECTSOFCELLULAR?IMMUNITY

126PRIMARYCOMBINEDANTIBODYANDCELLULARIMMUNODEFICIENCIES

Section3THEPHAGOCYTICSYSTEM

127NEUTROPHILS

128MONOCYTES,MACROPHAGES,ANDDENDRITICCELLS

129EOSINOPHILS
130DISORDERSOFPHAGOCYTEFUNCTION

131LEUKOPENIA

132LEUKOCYTOSIS

Section4THECOMPLEMENTSYSTEM

133THECOMPLEMENTSYSTEM

134DISORDERSOFTHECOMPLEMENTSYSTEM

Section5HEMATOPOIETICSTEMCELLTRANSPLANTATION

135PRINCIPLESANDCLINICALINDICATIONSOFHEMATOPOIETICSTEMCELLTRANSPLANTATION

136HEMATOPOIETICSTEMCELLTRANSPLANTATIONFROMALTERNATIVESOURCESANDDONORS

137GRAFTVERSUSHOSTDISEASE,REJECTION,ANDVENOOCCLUSIVEDISEASE

138INFECTIOUSCOMPLICATIONSOF?HEMATOPOIETICSTEMCELLTRANSPLANTATION

139LATEEFFECTSOFHEMATOPOIETICSTEMCELLTRANSPLANTATION

PARTXV

AllergicDisorders

140ALLERGYANDTHEIMMUNOLOGICBASISOFATOPICDISEASE

141DIAGNOSISOFALLERGICDISEASE

142PRINCIPLESOFTREATMENTOFALLERGICDISEASE

143ALLERGICRHINITIS

144CHILDHOODASTHMA

145ATOPICDERMATITIS(ATOPICECZEMA)

146INSECTALLERGY

147OCULARALLERGIES

148URTICARIA(HIVES)ANDANGIOEDEMA

149ANAPHYLAXIS

150SERUMSICKNESS

151FOODALLERGYANDADVERSEREACTIONSTOFOODS

152ADVERSEREACTIONSTODRUGS

RheumaticDiseasesofChildhood

153EVALUATIONOFSUSPECTEDRHEUMATICDISEASE

154TREATMENTOFRHEUMATICDISEASES

155JUVENILEIDIOPATHICARTHRITIS

156ANKYLOSINGSPONDYLITISANDOTHERSPONDYLOARTHRITIDES

157REACTIVEANDPOSTINFECTIOUSARTHRITIS
158SYSTEMICLUPUSERYTHEMATOSUS

159JUVENILEDERMATOMYOSITIS

160SCLERODERMAANDRAYNAUDPHENOMENON

161BEHETDISEASE

162SJGRENSYNDROME

163HEREDITARYPERIODICFEVERSYNDROMESANDOTHERSYSTEMICAUTOINFLAMMATORYDISEASES

164AMYLOIDOSIS

165SARCOIDOSIS

166KAWASAKIDISEASE

167VASCULITISSYNDROMES

168MUSCULOSKELETALPAINSYNDROMES

169MISCELLANEOUSCONDITIONSASSOCIATEDWITHARTHRITIS

PARTXVII

InfectiousDiseases

Section1GENERALCONSIDERATIONS

170DIAGNOSTICMICROBIOLOGY

171THEMICROBIOMEANDPEDIATRICHEALTH

Section2PREVENTIVEMEASURES

172IMMUNIZATIONPRACTICES

173INFECTIONPREVENTIONANDCONTROL

174CHILDCAREANDCOMMUNICABLE?DISEASES

175HEALTHADVICEFORCHILDRENTRAVELINGINTERNATIONALLY

176FEVER

177FEVERWITHOUTAFOCUS

178INFECTIONSINIMMUNOCOMPROMISEDPERSONS

179INFECTIONASSOCIATEDWITHMEDICALDEVICES

Section3ANTIBIOTICTHERAPY

180PRINCIPLESOFANTIBACTERIALTHERAPY

Section4GRAMPOSITIVEBACTERIALINFECTIONS

181STAPHYLOCOCCUS

182STREPTOCOCCUSPNEUMONIAE(PNEUMOCOCCUS)

183GROUPASTREPTOCOCCUS

184GROUPBSTREPTOCOCCUS
185NONGROUPAORBSTREPTOCOCCI

186ENTEROCOCCUS

187DIPHTHERIA(CORYNEBACTERIUMDIPHTHERIAE)

188LISTERIAMONOCYTOGENES

189ACTINOMYCES

190NOCARDIA

Section5GRAMNEGATIVEBACTERIALINFECTIONS

191NEISSERIAMENINGITIDIS(MENINGOCOCCUS)

192NEISSERIAGONORRHOEAE(GONOCOCCUS)

193KINGELLAKINGAE

194HAEMOPHILUSINFLUENZAE

195CHANCROID(HAEMOPHILUSDUCREYI)

196MORAXELLACATARRHALIS

197PERTUSSIS(BORDETELLAPERTUSSISANDBORDETELLAPARAPERTUSSIS)

198SALMONELLA

199SHIGELLA

200ESCHERICHIACOLI

201CHOLERA

202CAMPYLOBACTER

203YERSINIA

204AEROMONASANDPLESIOMONAS

205PSEUDOMONAS,BURKHOLDERIA,ANDSTENOTROPHOMONAS

206TULAREMIA(FRANCISELLATULARENSIS)

207BRUCELLA

208LEGIONELLA

209BARTONELLA

Section6ANAEROBICBACTERIALINFECTIONS

210BOTULISM(CLOSTRIDIUMBOTULINUM)

211TETANUS(CLOSTRIDIUMTETANI)

212CLOSTRIDIUMDIFFICILEINFECTION

213OTHERANAEROBICINFECTIONS

Section7MYCOBACTERIALINFECTIONS

214PRINCIPLESOFANTIMYCOBACTERIALTHERAPY
215TUBERCULOSIS(MYCOBACTERIUMTUBERCULOSIS)

216HANSENDISEASE(MYCOBACTERIUMLEPRAE)

217NONTUBERCULOUSMYCOBACTERIA

Section8SPIROCHETALINFECTIONS

218SYPHILIS(TREPONEMAPALLIDUM)

219NONVENEREALTREPONEMALINFECTIONS

220LEPTOSPIRA

221RELAPSINGFEVER(BORRELIA)

222LYMEDISEASE(BORRELIABURGDORFERI)

Section9MYCOPLASMALINFECTIONS

223MYCOPLASMAPNEUMONIAE,

224GENITALMYCOPLASMAS(MYCOPLASMAHOMINIS,MYCOPLASMAGENITALIUM,ANDUREAPLASMA

UREALYTICUM)

Section10CHLAMYDIALINFECTIONS

225CHLAMYDIA(CHLAMYDOPHILA)PNEUMONIAE

226CHLAMYDIATRACHOMATIS

227PSITTACOSIS(CHLAMYDIAPSITTACI)

Section11RICKETTSIALINFECTIONS

228SPOTTEDFEVERGROUPRICKETTSIOSES

229SCRUBTYPHUS(ORIENTIATSUTSUGAMUSHI)

230TYPHUSGROUPRICKETTSIOSES,

231EHRLICHIOSISANDANAPLASMOSIS

232QFEVER(COXIELLABURNETII)

Section12FUNGALINFECTIONS

233PRINCIPLESOFANTIFUNGALTHERAPY

234CANDIDA

235CRYPTOCOCCUSNEOFORMANS

236MALASSEZIA

237ASPERGILLUS

238HISTOPLASMOSIS(HISTOPLASMACAPSULATUM)

239BLASTOMYCOSIS(BLASTOMYCESDERMATITIDIS)

240COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS(COCCIDIOIDESSPECIES)

241PARACOCCIDIOIDESBRASILIENSIS
242SPOROTRICHOSIS(SPOROTHRIXSCHENCKII)

243ZYGOMYCOSIS(MUCORMYCOSIS)

244PNEUMOCYSTISJIROVECI

Section13VIRALINFECTIONS

245PRINCIPLESOFANTIVIRALTHERAPY

246MEASLES

247RUBELLA

248MUMPS

249POLIOVIRUSES

250NONPOLIOENTEROVIRUSES

251PARVOVIRUSES

252HERPESSIMPLEXVIRUS

253VARICELLAZOSTERVIRUS

254EPSTEINBARRVIRUS

255CYTOMEGALOVIRUS

256ROSEOLA(HUMANHERPESVIRUSES6AND7)

257HUMANHERPESVIRUS8

258INFLUENZAVIRUSES

259PARAINFLUENZAVIRUSES

260RESPIRATORYSYNCYTIALVIRUS

261HUMANMETAPNEUMOVIRUS

262ADENOVIRUSES

263RHINOVIRUSES

264CORONAVIRUSES

265ROTAVIRUSES,CALICIVIRUSES,ANDASTROVIRUSES

266HUMANPAPILLOMAVIRUSES

267ARBOVIRALINFECTIONSINNORTHAMERICA

268ARBOVIRALINFECTIONSOUTSIDENORTHAMERICA

269DENGUEFEVERANDDENGUEHEMORRHAGICFEVER

270YELLOWFEVER

271EBOLAANDOTHERVIRALHEMORRHAGICFEVERS

272LYMPHOCYTICCHORIOMENINGITISVIRUS

273HANTAVIRUSPULMONARYSYNDROME
274RABIES

275POLYOMAVIRUSES

276ACQUIREDIMMUNODEFICIENCYSYNDROME(HUMANIMMUNODEFICIENCYVIRUS)

277HUMANTLYMPHOTROPICVIRUSES(1AND2)

278TRANSMISSIBLESPONGIFORMENCEPHALOPATHIES

Section14ANTIPARASITICTHERAPY

279PRINCIPLESOFANTIPARASITICTHERAPY

Section15PROTOZOANDISEASES

280PRIMARYAMEBICMENINGOENCEPHALITIS

281AMEBIASIS

282GIARDIASISANDBALANTIDIASIS

283CRYPTOSPORIDIUM,ISOSPORA,CYCLOSPORA,ANDMICROSPORIDIA

284TRICHOMONIASIS(TRICHOMONASVAGINALIS)

285LEISHMANIASIS(LEISHMANIA)

286AFRICANTRYPANOSOMIASIS(SLEEPINGSICKNESSTRYPANOSOMABRUCEICOMPLEX)

287AMERICANTRYPANOSOMIASIS(CHAGASDISEASETRYPANOSOMACRUZI)

288MALARIA(PLASMODIUM)

289BABESIOSIS(BABESIA)

290TOXOPLASMOSIS(TOXOPLASMAGONDII)

Section16HELMINTHICDISEASES

291ASCARIASIS(ASCARISLUMBRICOIDES)

292HOOKWORMS(NECATORAMERICANUSANDANCYLOSTOMASPP.)

293TRICHURIASIS(TRICHURISTRICHIURA)

294ENTEROBIASIS(ENTEROBIUSVERMICULARIS)

295STRONGYLOIDIASIS(STRONGYLOIDESSTERCORALIS)

296LYMPHATICFILARIASIS(BRUGIAMALAYI,BRUGIATIMORI,ANDWUCHERERIABANCROFTI),1739

297OTHERTISSUENEMATODES

298TOXOCARIASIS(VISCERALANDOCULARLARVAMIGRANS)

299TRICHINELLOSIS(TRICHINELLASPIRALIS)

300SCHISTOSOMIASIS(SCHISTOSOMA)

301FLUKES(LIVER,LUNG,ANDINTESTINAL)

302ADULTTAPEWORMINFECTIONS

303CYSTICERCOSIS
304ECHINOCOCCOSIS(ECHINOCOCCUSGRANULOSUSANDECHINOCOCCUSMULTILOCULARIS)

VOLUME2

PARTXVIII

TheDigestiveSystem

Section1CLINICALMANIFESTATIONSOFGASTROINTESTINALDISEASE

305NORMALDIGESTIVETRACTPHENOMENA

306MAJORSYMPTOMSANDSIGNSOFDIGESTIVETRACTDISORDERS

Section2THEORALCAVITY

307DEVELOPMENTANDDEVELOPMENTALANOMALIESOFTHETEETH

308DISORDERSOFTHEORALCAVITYASSOCIATEDWITHOTHERCONDITIONS

309MALOCCLUSION

310CLEFTLIPANDPALATE

311SYNDROMESWITHORALMANIFESTATIONS

312DENTALCARIES

313PERIODONTALDISEASES

314DENTALTRAUMA

315COMMONLESIONSOFTHEORALSOFTTISSUES

316DISEASESOFTHESALIVARYGLANDSANDJAWS

317DIAGNOSTICRADIOLOGYINDENTALASSESSMENT

Section3THEESOPHAGUS

318EMBRYOLOGY,ANATOMY,ANDFUNCTIONOFTHEESOPHAGUS

319CONGENITALANOMALIES

320OBSTRUCTINGANDMOTILITYDISORDERSOFTHEESOPHAGUS

321DYSMOTILITY

322HIATALHERNIA

323GASTROESOPHAGEALREFLUXDISEASE

324EOSINOPHILICESOPHAGITISANDNONGASTROESOPHAGEALREFLUXDISEASEESOPHAGITIS

325ESOPHAGEALPERFORATION

326ESOPHAGEALVARICES

327INGESTIONS

Section4STOMACHANDINTESTINES

328NORMALDEVELOPMENT,STRUCTURE,ANDFUNCTION

329PYLORICSTENOSISANDOTHERCONGENITALANOMALIESOFTHESTOMACH
330INTESTINALATRESIA,STENOSIS,ANDMALROTATION

331INTESTINALDUPLICATIONS,MECKELDIVERTICULUM,ANDOTHERREMNANTSOFTHEOMPHALOMESENTERICDUCT

332MOTILITYDISORDERSANDHIRSCHSPRUNGDISEASE

333ILEUS,ADHESIONS,INTUSSUSCEPTION,ANDCLOSEDLOOPOBSTRUCTIONS

335PEPTICULCERDISEASEINCHILDREN

336INFLAMMATORYBOWELDISEASE

337EOSINOPHILICGASTROENTERITIS

338DISORDERSOFMALABSORPTION

339INTESTINALTRANSPLANTATIONINCHILDRENWITHINTESTINALFAILURE

340ACUTEGASTROENTERITISINCHILDREN

341CHRONICDIARRHEA

342FUNCTIONALABDOMINALPAIN(NONORGANICCHRONICABDOMINAL?PAIN)

343ACUTEAPPENDICITIS

344SURGICALCONDITIONSOFTHEANUSANDRECTUM

345TUMORSOFTHEDIGESTIVETRACT

346INGUINALHERNIAS

Section5EXOCRINEPANCREAS

347EMBRYOLOGY,ANATOMY,AND?PHYSIOLOGY

348PANCREATICFUNCTIONTESTS

349DISORDERSOFTHEEXOCRINEPANCREAS

350TREATMENTOFPANCREATICINSUFFICIENCY

351PANCREATITIS

352PSEUDOCYSTOFTHEPANCREAS

353PANCREATICTUMORS

Section6THELIVERANDBILIARYSYSTEM

354MORPHOGENESISOFTHELIVERANDBILIARYSYSTEM

355MANIFESTATIONSOFLIVERDISEASE

356CHOLESTASIS

357METABOLICDISEASESOFTHELIVER

358VIRALHEPATITIS

359LIVERABSCESS

360LIVERDISEASEASSOCIATEDWITHSYSTEMICDISORDERS

361MITOCHONDRIALHEPATOPATHIES
362AUTOIMMUNEHEPATITIS

363DRUGANDTOXININDUCEDLIVERINJURY

364FULMINANTHEPATICFAILURE

365CYSTICDISEASESOFTHEBILIARYTRACTANDLIVER

366DISEASESOFTHEGALLBLADDER

367PORTALHYPERTENSIONANDVARICES

368LIVERTRANSPLANTATION

Section7PERITONEUM

369MALFORMATIONS

370ASCITES

371PERITONITIS

372EPIGASTRICHERNIA

PARTXIX

RespiratorySystem

Section1DEVELOPMENTANDFUNCTION

373RESPIRATORYPATHOPHYSIOLOGYANDREGULATION

374DIAGNOSTICAPPROACHTORESPIRATORYDISEASE

375SUDDENINFANTDEATHSYNDROME

Section2DISORDERSOFTHERESPIRATORYTRACT

376CONGENITALDISORDERSOFTHENOSE

377ACQUIREDDISORDERSOFTHENOSE

378NASALPOLYPS

379THECOMMONCOLD

380SINUSITIS

381ACUTEPHARYNGITIS

382 RETROPHARYNGEAL ABSCESS, LATERAL PHARYNGEAL (PARAPHARYNGEAL) ABSCESS, AND PERITONSILLAR

CELLULITIS/ABSCESS

383TONSILSANDADENOIDS

384CHRONICORRECURRENTRESPIRATORYSYMPTOMS

385 ACUTE INFLAMMATORY UPPER AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION (CROUP, EPIGLOTTITIS, LARYNGITIS, AND BACTERIAL
TRACHEITIS)

387FOREIGNBODIESINTHEAIRWAY

388LARYNGOTRACHEALSTENOSISANDSUBGLOTTICSTENOSIS

389BRONCHOMALACIAAND?TRACHEOMALACIA
390NEOPLASMSOFTHELARYNX,TRACHEA,ANDBRONCHI

391WHEEZING,BRONCHIOLITIS,ANDBRONCHITIS

392EMPHYSEMAANDOVERINFLATION

393a1ANTITRYPSINDEFICIENCYANDEMPHYSEMA

394OTHERDISTALAIRWAYDISEASES

395CONGENITALDISORDERSOFTHELUNG

396PULMONARYEDEMA

397ASPIRATIONSYNDROMES

398CHRONICRECURRENTASPIRATION

399IMMUNEANDINFLAMMATORYLUNGDISEASE

400COMMUNITYACQUIREDPNEUMONIA

401BRONCHIECTASIS

402PULMONARYABSCESS

403CYSTICFIBROSIS

404PRIMARYCILIARYDYSKINESIA(IMMOTILECILIASYNDROME,KARTAGENERSYNDROME)

405DIFFUSELUNGDISEASESINCHILDHOOD

406PULMONARYHEMOSIDEROSIS

407PULMONARYEMBOLISM,INFARCTION,ANDHEMORRHAGE

408ATELECTASIS

409PULMONARYTUMORS

410PLEURISY,PLEURALEFFUSIONS,ANDEMPYEMA

411PNEUMOTHORAX

412PNEUMOMEDIASTINUM

413HYDROTHORAX

414HEMOTHORAX

415CHYLOTHORAX

416BRONCHOPULMONARYDYSPLASIA

417SKELETALDISEASESINFLUENCINGPULMONARYFUNCTION

418CHRONICSEVERERESPIRATORYINSUFFICIENCY

419EXTRAPULMONARYDISEASESWITHPULMONARYMANIFESTATIONS

PARTXX

TheCardiovascularSystem

Section1DEVELOPMENTALBIOLOGYOFTHECARDIOVASCULARSYSTEM
420CARDIACDEVELOPMENT

421THEFETALTONEONATALCIRCULATORYTRANSITION

Section2EVALUATIONOFTHECARDIOVASCULARSYSTEM

422HISTORYANDPHYSICALEXAMINATION

423LABORATORYEVALUATION

Section3CONGENITALHEARTDISEASE

424EPIDEMIOLOGYANDGENETICBASISOFCONGENITALHEARTDISEASE

425EVALUATIONANDSCREENINGOFTHEINFANTORCHILDWITHCONGENITALHEARTDISEASE

426ACYANOTICCONGENITALHEARTDISEASE:?LEFTTORIGHTSHUNTLESIONS

427ACYANOTICCONGENITALHEARTDISEASE:?OBSTRUCTIVELESIONS

428ACYANOTICCONGENITALHEARTDISEASE:REGURGITANTLESIONS

429 CYANOTIC CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE: EVALUATION OF THE CRITICALLY ILL NEONATE WITH CYANOSIS AND
RESPIRATORYDISTRESS

430CYANOTICCONGENITALHEARTLESIONS:LESIONSASSOCIATEDWITHDECREASEDPULMONARYBLOODFLOW

431CYANOTICCONGENITALHEARTDISEASE:LESIONSASSOCIATEDWITHINCREASEDPULMONARYBLOODFLOW

432OTHERCONGENITALHEARTANDVASCULARMALFORMATIONS

433PULMONARYHYPERTENSION

434GENERALPRINCIPLESOFTREATMENTOFCONGENITALHEARTDISEASE

Section4CARDIACARRHYTHMIAS

435DISTURBANCESOFRATEANDRHYTHMOFTHEHEART

436SUDDENDEATH

Section5ACQUIREDHEARTDISEASE

437INFECTIVEENDOCARDITIS

438RHEUMATICHEARTDISEASE

Section6DISEASESOFTHEMYOCARDIUMANDPERICARDIUM

439DISEASESOFTHEMYOCARDIUM

440DISEASESOFTHEPERICARDIUM

441TUMORSOFTHEHEART

Section7CARDIACTHERAPEUTICS

442HEARTFAILURE

443PEDIATRICHEARTANDHEARTLUNGTRANSPLANTATION

Section8DISEASESOFTHEPERIPHERALVASCULARSYSTEM

444DISEASESOFTHEBLOODVESSELS(ANEURYSMSANDFISTULAS)
445SYSTEMICHYPERTENSION

PARTXXI

DiseasesoftheBlood

Section1THEHEMATOPOIETICSYSTEM

446DEVELOPMENTOFTHEHEMATOPOIETICSYSTEM

447THEANEMIAS

Section2ANEMIASOFINADEQUATEPRODUCTION

448CONGENITALHYPOPLASTICANEMIA(DIAMONDBLACKFANANEMIA)

449PEARSONSYNDROME

450ACQUIREDPUREREDBLOODCELLANEMIA

451ANEMIAOFCHRONICDISEASEANDRENALDISEASE

452CONGENITALDYSERYTHROPOIETIC?ANEMIAS

453PHYSIOLOGICANEMIAOFINFANCY

454MEGALOBLASTICANEMIAS

455IRONDEFICIENCYANEMIA

456OTHERMICROCYTICANEMIAS

Section3HEMOLYTICANEMIAS

457DEFINITIONSANDCLASSIFICATIONOFHEMOLYTICANEMIAS

458HEREDITARYSPHEROCYTOSIS

459HEREDITARYELLIPTOCYTOSIS

460HEREDITARYSTOMATOCYTOSIS

461PAROXYSMALNOCTURNALHEMOGLOBINURIAANDACANTHOCYTOSIS

462HEMOGLOBINOPATHIES

463ENZYMATICDEFECTS

464HEMOLYTICANEMIASRESULTINGFROMEXTRACELLULARFACTORSIMMUNEHEMOLYTICANEMIAS

465HEMOLYTICANEMIASSECONDARYTOOTHEREXTRACELLULARFACTORS

Section4POLYCYTHEMIA(ERYTHROCYTOSIS)

466POLYCYTHEMIA

467NONCLONALPOLYCYTHEMIA

Section5THEPANCYTOPENIAS

468THEINHERITEDPANCYTOPENIAS

469THEACQUIREDPANCYTOPENIAS

Section6BLOODCOMPONENTTRANSFUSIONS
470REDBLOODCELLTRANSFUSIONSANDERYTHROPOIETINTHERAPY

471PLATELETTRANSFUSIONS

472NEUTROPHIL(GRANULOCYTE)TRANSFUSIONS

473PLASMATRANSFUSIONS

474RISKSOFBLOODTRANSFUSIONS

Section7HEMORRHAGICANDTHROMBOTICDISEASES

475HEMOSTASIS

476HEREDITARYCLOTTINGFACTORDEFICIENCIES(BLEEDINGDISORDERS)

477VONWILLEBRANDDISEASE

478HEREDITARYPREDISPOSITIONTOTHROMBOSIS

479THROMBOTICDISORDERSINCHILDREN

480POSTNEONATALVITAMINKDEFICIENCY

481LIVERDISEASE

482ACQUIREDINHIBITORSOFCOAGULATION

483DISSEMINATEDINTRAVASCULARCOAGULATION

484PLATELETANDBLOODVESSELDISORDERS

Section8THESPLEEN

485ANATOMYANDFUNCTIONOFTHESPLEEN

486SPLENOMEGALY

487HYPOSPLENISM,SPLENICTRAUMA,ANDSPLENECTOMY

Section9THELYMPHATICSYSTEM

488ANATOMYANDFUNCTIONOFTHELYMPHATICSYSTEM

489ABNORMALITIESOFLYMPHATICVESSELS

490LYMPHADENOPATHY

PARTXXII

CancerandBenignTumors

491EPIDEMIOLOGYOFCHILDHOODANDADOLESCENTCANCER

492MOLECULARANDCELLULARBIOLOGYOFCANCER

493PRINCIPLESOFDIAGNOSIS

494PRINCIPLESOFTREATMENT

495THELEUKEMIAS

496LYMPHOMA

497BRAINTUMORSINCHILDHOOD
498NEUROBLASTOMA

499NEOPLASMSOFTHEKIDNEY

500SOFTTISSUESARCOMAS

501NEOPLASMSOFBONE

502RETINOBLASTOMA

503GONADALANDGERMCELLNEOPLASMS

504NEOPLASMSOFTHELIVER

505BENIGNVASCULARTUMORS

506RARETUMORS

507HISTIOCYTOSISSYNDROMESOFCHILDHOOD

PARTXXIII

Nephrology

Section1GLOMERULARDISEASE

508INTRODUCTIONTOGLOMERULARDISEASES

Section2CONDITIONSPARTICULARLYASSOCIATEDWITHHEMATURIA

509CLINICALEVALUATIONOFTHECHILDWITHHEMATURIA

510ISOLATEDGLOMERULARDISEASESWITHRECURRENTGROSSHEMATURIA

511GLOMERULONEPHRITISASSOCIATEDWITHINFECTIONS

512MEMBRANOUSNEPHROPATHY

513MEMBRANOPROLIFERATIVEGLOMERULONEPHRITIS

514GLOMERULONEPHRITISASSOCIATEDWITHSYSTEMICLUPUSERYTHEMATOSUS

515HENOCHSCHNLEINPURPURANEPHRITIS

516RAPIDLYPROGRESSIVE(CRESCENTIC)GLOMERULONEPHRITIS

517GOODPASTUREDISEASE

518HEMOLYTICUREMICSYNDROME

519UPPERURINARYTRACTCAUSESOFHEMATURIA

520HEMATOLOGICDISEASESCAUSINGHEMATURIA

521ANATOMICABNORMALITIESASSOCIATEDWITHHEMATURIA

522LOWERURINARYTRACTCAUSESOFHEMATURIA

Section3CONDITIONSPARTICULARLYASSOCIATEDWITHPROTEINURIA

523INTRODUCTIONTOTHECHILDWITHPROTEINURIA

524TRANSIENTPROTEINURIA

525ORTHOSTATIC(POSTURAL)PROTEINURIA
526FIXEDPROTEINURIA

527NEPHROTICSYNDROME

Section4TUBULARDISORDERS

528TUBULARFUNCTION

529RENALTUBULARACIDOSIS

530NEPHROGENICDIABETESINSIPIDUS

531BARTTERANDGITELMANSYNDROMESANDOTHERINHERITEDTUBULARTRANSPORTABNORMALITIES

532TUBULOINTERSTITIALNEPHRITIS

Section5ACUTEKIDNEYINJURYANDCHRONICKIDNEYDISEASE

533TOXICNEPHROPATHY

534CORTICALNECROSIS

535RENALFAILURE

536RENALTRANSPLANTATION

PARTXXIV

UrologicDisordersinInfantsandChildren

537CONGENITALANOMALIESANDDYSGENESISOFTHEKIDNEYS

538URINARYTRACTINFECTIONS

539VESICOURETERALREFLUX

540OBSTRUCTIONOFTHEURINARYTRACT

541ANOMALIESOFTHEBLADDER

542NEUROPATHICBLADDER

543ENURESISANDVOIDINGDYSFUNCTION

544ANOMALIESOFTHEPENISANDURETHRA

545DISORDERSANDANOMALIESOFTHESCROTALCONTENTS

546TRAUMATOTHEGENITOURINARYTRACT

547URINARYLITHIASIS

PARTXXV

GynecologicProblemsofChildhood

548HISTORYANDPHYSICALEXAMINATION

549VULVOVAGINITIS

550BLEEDING

551BREASTCONCERNS

552POLYCYSTICOVARYSYNDROMEANDHIRSUTISM
553NEOPLASMSANDADOLESCENTSCREENINGFORHUMANPAPILLOMAVIRUS

554VULVOVAGINALANDMLLERIANANOMALIES

555GYNECOLOGICCAREFORGIRLSWITHSPECIALNEEDS

PARTXXVI

TheEndocrineSystem

Section1DISORDERSOFTHEHYPOTHALAMUSANDPITUITARYGLAND

556HORMONESOFTHEHYPOTHALAMUSANDPITUITARY

557HYPOPITUITARISM

558DIABETESINSIPIDUS

559OTHERABNORMALITIESOFARGININEVASOPRESSINMETABOLISMANDACTION

560HYPERPITUITARISM,TALLSTATURE,ANDOVERGROWTHSYNDROMES

561PHYSIOLOGYOFPUBERTY

562DISORDERSOFPUBERTALDEVELOPMENT

Section2DISORDERSOFTHETHYROIDGLAND

563THYROIDDEVELOPMENTANDPHYSIOLOGY

564DEFECTSOFTHYROXINEBINDINGGLOBULIN

565HYPOTHYROIDISM

566THYROIDITIS

567GOITER

568HYPERTHYROIDISM

569CARCINOMAOFTHETHYROID

Section3DISORDERSOFTHEPARATHYROIDGLAND

570HORMONESANDPEPTIDESOFCALCIUMHOMEOSTASISANDBONEMETABOLISM

571HYPOPARATHYROIDISM

572PSEUDOHYPOPARATHYROIDISM(ALBRIGHTHEREDITARYOSTEODYSTROPHY)

573HYPERPARATHYROIDISM

Section4DISORDERSOFTHEADRENALGLAND

574PHYSIOLOGYOFTHEADRENALGLAND

575ADRENOCORTICALINSUFFICIENCY

576CONGENITALADRENALHYPERPLASIAANDRELATEDDISORDERS

577CUSHINGSYNDROME

578PRIMARYALDOSTERONISM

579ADRENOCORTICALTUMORS
580PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA

581ADRENALMASSES

Section5DISORDERSOFTHEGONADS

582DEVELOPMENTANDFUNCTIONOFTHEGONADS

583HYPOFUNCTIONOFTHETESTES

584PSEUDOPRECOCITYRESULTINGFROMTUMORSOFTHETESTES

585GYNECOMASTIA

586HYPOFUNCTIONOFTHEOVARIES

587PSEUDOPRECOCITYRESULTINGFROMLESIONSOFTHEOVARY

588DISORDERSOFSEXDEVELOPMENT

Section6DIABETESMELLITUSINCHILDREN

589DIABETESMELLITUS

PARTXXVII

TheNervousSystem

590NEUROLOGICEVALUATION

591CONGENITALANOMALIESOFTHECENTRALNERVOUSSYSTEM

592DEFORMATIONALPLAGIOCEPHALY

593SEIZURESINCHILDHOOD

594CONDITIONSTHATMIMICSEIZURES

595HEADACHES

596NEUROCUTANEOUSSYNDROMES

597MOVEMENTDISORDERS

598ENCEPHALOPATHIES

599NEURODEGENERATIVEDISORDERSOFCHILDHOOD

600DEMYELINATINGDISORDERSOFTHECENTRALNERVOUSSYSTEM

601PEDIATRICSTROKE

602CENTRALNERVOUSSYSTEMVASCULITIS

603CENTRALNERVOUSSYSTEMINFECTIONS

604BRAINABSCESS

605IDIOPATHICINTRACRANIALHYPERTENSION/PSEUDOTUMORCEREBRI

606SPINALCORDDISORDERS

PARTXXVIII

NeuromuscularDisorders
607EVALUATIONANDINVESTIGATION

608DEVELOPMENTALDISORDERSOFMUSCLE

609MUSCULARDYSTROPHIES

610ENDOCRINEANDTOXICMYOPATHIES

611METABOLICMYOPATHIES

612DISORDERSOFNEUROMUSCULARTRANSMISSIONANDOFMOTORNEURONS

613HEREDITARYMOTORSENSORYNEUROPATHIES

614TOXICNEUROPATHIES

615AUTONOMICNEUROPATHIES

616GUILLAINBARRSYNDROME

617BELLPALSY

PARTXXIX

DisordersoftheEye

618GROWTHANDDEVELOPMENT

619EXAMINATIONOFTHEEYE

620ABNORMALITIESOFREFRACTIONANDACCOMMODATION

621DISORDERSOFVISION

622ABNORMALITIESOFPUPILANDIRIS

623DISORDERSOFEYEMOVEMENTANDALIGNMENT

624ABNORMALITIESOFTHELIDS

625DISORDERSOFTHELACRIMALSYSTEM

626DISORDERSOFTHECONJUNCTIVA

627ABNORMALITIESOFTHECORNEA

628ABNORMALITIESOFTHELENS

629DISORDERSOFTHEUVEALTRACT

630DISORDERSOFTHERETINAANDVITREOUS

631ABNORMALITIESOFTHEOPTICNERVE

632CHILDHOODGLAUCOMA

633ORBITALABNORMALITIES

634ORBITALINFECTIONS

635INJURIESTOTHEEYE

PARTXXX

TheEar
636GENERALCONSIDERATIONSANDEVALUATION

637HEARINGLOSS

638CONGENITALMALFORMATIONS

639EXTERNALOTITIS(OTITISEXTERNA)

640OTITISMEDIA

641THEINNEREARANDDISEASESOFTHEBONYLABYRINTH

642TRAUMATICINJURIESOFTHEEARANDTEMPORALBONE

643TUMORSOFTHEEARANDTEMPORALBONE

PARTXXXI

TheSkin

644MORPHOLOGYOFTHESKIN

645EVALUATIONOFTHEPATIENT

646PRINCIPLESOFTHERAPY

647DISEASESOFTHENEONATE

648CUTANEOUSDEFECTS

649ECTODERMALDYSPLASIAS

650VASCULARDISORDERS

651CUTANEOUSNEVI

652HYPERPIGMENTEDLESIONS

653HYPOPIGMENTEDLESIONS

654VESICULOBULLOUSDISORDERS

655ECZEMATOUSDISORDERS

656PHOTOSENSITIVITY

657DISEASESOFTHEEPIDERMIS

658DISORDERSOFKERATINIZATION

659DISEASESOFTHEDERMIS

660DISEASESOFSUBCUTANEOUSTISSUE

661DISORDERSOFTHESWEATGLANDS

662DISORDERSOFHAIR

663DISORDERSOFTHENAILS

664DISORDERSOFTHEMUCOUSMEMBRANES

665CUTANEOUSBACTERIALINFECTIONS

666CUTANEOUSFUNGALINFECTIONS
667CUTANEOUSVIRALINFECTIONS

668ARTHROPODBITESANDINFESTATIONS

669ACNE

670TUMORSOFTHESKIN

671NUTRITIONALDERMATOSES

PARTXXXII

BoneandJointDisorders

Section1ORTHOPEDICPROBLEMS

672GROWTHANDDEVELOPMENT

673EVALUATIONOFTHECHILD

674THEFOOTANDTOES

675TORSIONALANDANGULARDEFORMITIES

676LEGLENGTHDISCREPANCY

677THEKNEE

678THEHIP

679THESPINE

680THENECK

681THEUPPERLIMB

682ARTHROGRYPOSIS

683COMMONFRACTURES

684OSTEOMYELITIS

685SEPTICARTHRITIS

Section2SPORTSMEDICINE

686EPIDEMIOLOGYANDPREVENTIONOFINJURIES

687MANAGEMENTOFMUSCULOSKELETALINJURY

688SPORTSRELATEDTRAUMATICBRAININJURY(CONCUSSION)

689CERVICALSPINALINJURIES

690HEATINJURIES

691FEMALEATHLETES:MENSTRUALPROBLEMSANDTHERISKOFOSTEOPENIA

692PERFORMANCEENHANCINGAIDS

693SPECIFICSPORTSANDASSOCIATED?INJURIES

Section3THESKELETALDYSPLASIAS

694GENERALCONSIDERATIONS
695DISORDERSINVOLVINGCARTILAGEMATRIXPROTEINS

696DISORDERSINVOLVINGTRANSMEMBRANERECEPTORS

697DISORDERSINVOLVINGIONTRANSPORTERS

698DISORDERSINVOLVINGTRANSCRIPTIONFACTORS

699DISORDERSINVOLVINGDEFECTIVEBONERESORPTION

700DISORDERSFORWHICHDEFECTSAREPOORLYUNDERSTOODORUNKNOWN

701OSTEOGENESISIMPERFECTA

702MARFANSYNDROME

Section4METABOLICBONEDISEASE

703BONESTRUCTURE,GROWTH,ANDHORMONALREGULATION

704PRIMARYCHONDRODYSTROPHY(METAPHYSEALDYSPLASIA)

705HYPOPHOSPHATASIA

706HYPERPHOSPHATASIA

707OSTEOPOROSIS

PARTXXXIII

RehabilitationMedicine

708PRINCIPLESOFREHABILITATIONMEDICINE

709EVALUATIONOFTHECHILDFORREHABILITATIVESERVICES

710SEVERETRAUMATICBRAININJURY

711SPINALCORDINJURYANDAUTONOMICCRISISMANAGEMENT

712SPASTICITY

713BIRTHBRACHIALPLEXUSPALSY

714TRAUMATICANDSPORTSRELATEDINJURIESOFTHELOWEREXTREMITY

715MENINGOMYELOCELE(SPINABIFIDA)

716AMBULATIONASSISTANCE

717HEALTHANDWELLNESSFORCHILDRENWITHDISABILITIES

PARTXXXIV

EnvironmentalHealthHazards

718BIOLOGICEFFECTSOFRADIATIONONCHILDREN

719CHEMICALPOLLUTANTS

720HEAVYMETALINTOXICATION

721LEADPOISONING

722NONBACTERIALFOODPOISONING
723BIOLOGICANDCHEMICALTERRORISM

724ANIMALANDHUMANBITES

725ENVENOMATIONS

PARTXXXV

LaboratoryMedicine

726LABORATORYTESTINGININFANTSANDCHILDREN

727REFERENCEINTERVALSFORLABORATORYTESTSANDPROCEDURES