SEISMIC EVALUATION OF STEEL FRAMES

WITH AND WITHOUT BRACINGS

Group members:

Under the guidance of:

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 CONTENT

Page No.

1. ABSTRACT I
2. INTRODUCTION 4
3. LITERATURE SURVEY 6
4. METHODOLOGY 7
5. REFRENCES 9

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 ABSTRACT

Braced frames are a very common form of construction, being economic to construct and
simple to analyse. Bracing is an effective upgrading strategy to enhance the global stiffness
and strength of steel frames. In the present study, a typical 10 storey steel frame is analyzed
with X bracing and without bracing for IS steel sections. The building is situated in seismic
zone III. Equivalent static analysis of the building is done as per IS 1893 -2002 will be
carried to investigate seismic performance of a multi storey steel frame building with
bracings. The software used for this study is ETABS. The main parameters considered in this
study are storey shears, maximum storey drifts, maximum storey displacements.

CHAPTER 1

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 INTRODUCTION

1.1 General

Steel frame is a building technique with a skeleton frame of vertical steel columns and
horizontal I beams constructed in a rectangular grid to support the floors, roofs ,walls, of a
building which are all attached to the frame .It can be strengthened by various methods to
resist lateral forces. The most widely used method is braced frames. Braced frames are a very
common form of construction, being economic to construct and simple to analyse. Economy
comes from the inexpensive, nominally pinned connections between beams and columns. In
braced construction, beams and columns are designed under vertical load only, assuming the
bracing system carries all lateral loads. Bracing enhances the global stiffness and strength of
steel frames. It can increase the energy absorption of structures or decrease the demand
imposed by earthquake loads. The applications of braced frame includes structures like
bridges, aircrafts, buildings, transmission towers.

Bracing can be concentric or eccentric. In concentric braced frames members intersect at a

node. These bracings increase the lateral stiffness of the frame and decrease the lateral storey
drift. In an eccentrically braced frame the members intersect the girder at an eccentricity e
and hence transmit forces by shear and bending. Eccentric bracings reduce lateral stiffness
and improve energy dissipation capacity. Steel bracings can be arranged like diagonal, cross
bracing X, V, inverted V or Chevron

Figure 1: Different Types Of Bracings

Objective of the study

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a) To investigate seismic performance of a multi storey steel frame building.

b) To analyze the steel frame with and without X bracing.

c) To determine the effect of bracing.

CHAPTER 2

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 LITERATURE SURVEY

Thasneem Yaseen I, Linda Ann Mathew[1] In the study, a typical 10 storey steel frame is
analyzed with X bracing for different IS steel sections with different depths. The building is
situated in seismic zone III. Response spectrum analysis will be carried to investigate seismic
performance of a multi storey steel frame building and to find the most effective section in
resisting lateral loads. The software used for this study is ETABS. The main parameters
considered in this study are storey shears, maximum storey drifts, maximum storey
displacements and joint displacements. The conclusion of the study is as size of section increases
the maximum storey displacements, maximum storey drifts, joint displacements decreases for
ISA,ISHB and ISMC sections.

Mohammed Idrees Khan , Mr.Khalid Nayaz Khan [2] In this paper non linear push over
analysis is carried out for high rise steel frame building with different pattern of bracing system.
The shear capacity of the structure can be increased by introducing Steel bracings in the
structural system. There are n numbers of possibilities to arrange steel bracings such as
Diagonal, X, K, V, Inverted V or chevron and global type concentric bracings. A typical 15th-
story regular steel frame building is designed for various types of concentric bracings like
Diagonal, V, X, and Exterior X and Performance of each frame is carried out through nonlinear
static analysis. Three types of sections i.e. ISMB, ISMC and ISA sections are used to compare
for same patterns of bracing.

Nithin Bhojkar and Mahesh [3]: Here, a typical G+9 building in zone III is considered for the
analysis. The analysis is carried out using two types of bracing systems cross bracings and
eccentric bracings. The analysis is carried out using Staad.pro software. In this study, it is
observed that, the X bracings posses the higher amount of stiffness and controls the lateral
stiffness effectively when compared to K, diagonal, V and chevron bracing.

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Jagadish J.S and Tejas D Doshi [4]: Have published a journal regarding A study on bracing
systems on High rise Steel structures. Here, their main objective is to analyse the structure with
different types of bracing systems in a building. In this study, a G+15 Storey steel building model
is considered with same building configuration and different bracing systems. Comparison is
made between Cross bracing, K bracing, single diagonal bracing and double X bracing. Staad
Pro software is used for the analysis.

Vishwanath K.G, Prakash K.B and Anant Desai [5]: Studied on Seismic analysis of steel
braced reinforced concrete frames in this study, the seismic performance of the reinforced
concrete framed building restored using concentric steel bracing. A 4-storey building is analysed
for seismic zone IV using Staad Pro software. Storey displacement performance is observed on a
4 storey RC building with steel bracings. Further, the study is extended to eight storey, twelve
storey and sixteen storey buildings. The reduction on lateral displacement by certain percentage
is found out. It is observed that, X type of bracing system contributes significantly to the
structural stiffness of the building.

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 CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

The software ETABS has been used for the modelling. ETABS is an engineering software
product that caters to multi-story building analysis and design. Basic or advanced systems under
static or dynamic conditions may be evaluated using ETABS. Modethodolgy followed n the
projects are given below:

The steel frame used in this study are 10 storied with 6 m bays along longitudinal
direction and 5 m bays along transverse direction as shown in figure

Plan of Building
Dead loads are considered as per IS 875 (Part I) 1987 and steel tables &Live load IS
875 (Part II) -1987

After assigning the loads to the structure, static spectrum analysis as per Design codes
(IS; 1893, Part 1) is done to evaluate dynamic results in form of storey shear, storey drift
and maximum storey displacements for both buildings with and without bracings.
After analyzing the models various results are obtained. And these results are used find
the different in response using x bracing and without bracing .

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 REFERENCES

1. Thasneem Yaseen I, Linda Ann Mathew Seismic Evaluation of Steel Frames

Using Different Sections of X Bracing International Journal of Science and
Research (IJSR) ISSN (Online): 2319-7064 Index Copernicus Value (2013): 6.14
Impact Factor (2015): 6.391.
2. Mohammed Idrees Khan, Mr.Khalid Nayaz Khan, SEISMIC ANALYSIS OF
STEEL FRAME WITH BRACINGS USING PUSHOVER ANALYSIS International
Journal of Advanced Technology in Engineering and Science www.ijates.com
Volume No.02, Issue No. 07, July 2014 ISSN (online): 2348 7550
3. Nithin Bhojkar, Mahesh Seismic Evaluation of high rise structure by using steel
bracing system, International journal of innovative science, engineering and
technology, Volume 2, March 2015, Page No 264-269.
4. Jagadish J.S, Tejas D Doshi A Study on Bracing Systems on High Rise Steel
Structures, International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology,
Volume 2, Issue 7, July 2013, Page No 1672-1676.
5. Vishwnath K.G, Prakash K.B and Ananth Desai Seismic Analysis of Steel
braced reinforced concrete frames, International journal of civil and structural
engineering, Volume 1, 2010, Page No 114-122.