Dementia loss of memory (malignant), dicegah progesifitas, cant

be cured
a pathologic forgetfulness, with other disturbing symptoms aside
forgetfulness
Drug/degeneration Nutrition
Emotion Tumor/trauma
Metabolism Infection
Energy Arteriosclerotion
 3A (Aphasia, Apraxia, Accurate) + fungsi
Kemampuan fungsional:
Ringan
Sedang
Berat
Kemandirian bartel index
Dementia screening MMSE (27-30 normal, 16-27 probably
dementia, ) CDR (clinical dementia, 0.5 1 2 3 )
GPCog (general practicioner cognition)

MCI terjadi 5-10 thn sblm dementia (benigne)

RM = bukan aging process, Dementia = aging process

pernah sampe average IQ (90-100), 70-90 borderline, < 70 RM

Alzheimer disease
Degeneration slowly but sure
Downs syndrome in the family
2 types = presenile onset before 60, senile onset after 60
PA = cortex temp & parietal, diminished neurons,
neurofibrillary tangles & senile plaques
Radiology = brain atrophy
Memory impairment = short intermediate long
Praxis & gnosis impairment activities = quick & accurate
Severe = 3A (aphasia, apraxia, agnosia), foet posission

BPSD behavioral + physiologycal symptoms of dementia

Any stages of dementia
Prognostic poor outcome
Diagnosis PAID: P, A, I, D
Wernicke dementia
Becareful = poverty (nutrition), alcoholism
Symptoms = blaffing (confabulation)
Considered 10y ahead poverty + life style
HIV dementia
Prevalence increasing : drugs injection syringe + free
sex
Alzheimers disease usually progresses gradually, lasting two to 20 years, with
an average of seven years in the United States. Scientists now know that
Alzheimers disease exists in a persons body long before symptoms appear.
Researchers call this the pre-clinical/pre-symptomatic stage. Once symptoms
 do appear, they increase in severity as a person with Alzheimers moves from
the earliest to the final stages of the disease.
The stages of clinical diagnosis and their symptoms include:
Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) Due to Alzheimers/Prodromal
Scientists have identified a condition between normal age-related memory loss
and dementia called Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). Individuals with MCI
have memory problems but are able to perform routine activities. MCI often
leads to Alzheimers, but not all patients with MCI will develop Alzheimers.
Symptoms may include:
Memory problems noticed by others
Mood conditions such as depression, anxiety, irritability, or apathy
Poor performance on cognitive tests
Mild (Stage 1)
Early in their illness, people with Alzheimers disease may:
Be slow in their speech and understanding
Experience minor memory loss and mood swings
Have difficulty learning new things
Lose energy and spontaneity, although others may not notice
Lose their train of thought mid-sentence
Still perform basic activities but need assistance with more complicated tasks
Moderate (Stage 2)
At this stage, a person begins to be disabled by the disease.
Although individuals with Alzheimers can recall the distant past, recent
events are difficult for them to remember.
They have difficulty comprehending day, time, and location.
They may invent new words as they lose old ones.
They may not recognize formerly familiar faces.
Severe (Stage 3)
In this final stage, Alzheimers patients:
Are unable to chew and swallow
Become bedridden and vulnerable to pneumonia and other illnesses
Become more and more unresponsive
Lose bodily control and need constant care
Recognize no one

Dementia progressive deterioration of intellect, behavior and personality as

a consequence of diffuse desease of the brain hemispheres, maximally
affecting the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. (term) an acquired syndrome
consisting of a decline in memory and other cognitive functions.

Steps:
 History, P + N exam, Cog screening test,


In some people incontinence develops because the nerve pathways that tell the
brain that the bladder or bowel is full, and also control emptying, are damaged.
However, this is an uncommon cause of toilet problems and incontinence in
people with dementia. It typically occurs only when dementia is more
advanced.


Alzheimer's disease is sometimes known as the forgetting disease. The
most obvious symptoms of AD is a person's loss of memory and his or her inability to
understand where or who he or she is. Once symptoms appear, they worsen overtime.
Eventually those with AD die as the brain suffers more damage. The exact cause of
Alzheimer's disease is unknown. AD is not contagious. People nerve with AD do not
function properly because in AD, nerve cells produce too much protein that does not
get absorbed and form plaques. These plaques get in the way of healthy nerve cells
and message relays.
Another problem in AD involves bunches of damaged nerve endings
that produce threadlike tangles in the brain that prevent messages from travelling
between nerve cells and begins to lose the ability to perform specific functions.
Damaged brain cells shrink and slowly die. As damage spreads, brain size decreases.
In AD, the part of the brain that controls memory stop working first. This is why loss
of memory is often become the first sign of Alzheimer's disease.
People with Alzheimer's disease commonly experience loss of bladder
or bowel control for many reasons. They may lose their ability to recognize natural
urges telling them when to go to the bathroom, where the bathroom is located or what
to do when in the bathroom; or they may be adversely affected by medical problems,
physical conditions, or environmental factors.