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HebrewVowels
SimpleOTypeVowels

Thenextvowelgroupyouwilllearniscalledthe"Otype"becauseitindicatesan
"oh"sound(asin"roll"or"yellow")whencombinedwithaletter.TheOtypevowelscan
havethefollowingvowelpatterns:

Notethatthe"X"referstoanyHebrewletter(forexampleAleph,Bet,andsoon)
andtherectangularboxbelowtheletterreferstoaonethefollowingtypesof
vowelmarks(nikkudim):

Notes:
Althoughthesevowelmarkslookdifferent,theyallrepresentan"oh"sound.
ByfarthemostcommonofthesevowelsisCholemandCholemVav(i.e.,Chateph
QametsappearsonlyunderthegutturallettersandQametsChatuphissomewhat
rare).
NotethatbothCholemandCholemVavarelongvowels(Cholemisactuallya
"defectivespelling"ofCholemVav),ChatephQametsisareducedvowel(i.e.,a"half
vowel"thatcanonlyappearunderthegutturalletters),andQametsChatuphisa
shortvowel.
The"QametsChatuph"isanOTypevowelthatlooksidenticaltotheregularAType
Qametsvowel.WhenyouseeaQamets,youmustask1)isitinaclosedsyllable?
(i.e.,asyllablethatendsinastoppingsound)and2)isthesyllableunaccented?
(mostHebrewwordsareaccentedonthelastsyllable).Ifbothconditionsaremet,the
QametsisChatuphandshouldbepronouncedasan"o"sound.

BasicSyllables

Asyllableiscalled"open"whenitdoes Asyllableiscalled"closed"whenitends
notendwitha"stopping"sound: witha"stopping"sound:
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OpenSyllables:

ClosedSyllables:

PracticeReadings

Onesyllable:

Twosyllables:

Three/moresyllables:

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QuickSummary:

MorePracticePages

AnoteaboutShin/SinandCholem:

ThedotoftheCholemafteraShincanlooklikethe
leftsideddotoftheSinandthedotoftheCholem
afteraSinmayoverlapwiththeSin'sdot.

TransliterationPractice:

ReturntoUnitTwoContents

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