1 Cu2+ 2 Cu2+ 3 Cu2+ 1 Ni2+ Kw Ks Cu(OH)2 Ks Ni(OH)2 Ka 1 Ni(OH)2 Ka1 Cu(OH)2

1584893.19 7.943E+011 3.16228E+015 39810.717055 1E-014 2.5704E-019 6.3096E-018 3.98107E-010 1.5849E-008

pH [H30+] S Cu2+ S Ni2+ Log S Cu2+ Log S Ni2+

0 1 2570395824 6.310E+010 9.41000001 10.8
0.2 0.6309573445 1023293018 2.512E+010 9.01000001 10.4
0.4 0.3981071706 407380294 1.000E+010 8.61000002 10
0.6 0.2511886432 162181020 3981071712 8.21000003 9.6000000007
0.8 0.1584893192 64565429.4 1584893196 7.81000004 9.2000000011
1 0.1 25703961.9 630957347 7.41000007 8.8000000017
1.2 0.0630957344 10232932.5 251188645 7.01000011 8.4000000027
1.4 0.0398107171 4073804.4 100000001 6.61000017 8.0000000043
1.6 0.0251188643 1621811.12 39810717.7 6.21000027 7.6000000069
1.8 0.0158489319 645654.875 15848932.3 5.81000043 7.2000000109
2 0.01 257039.986 6309573.7 5.41000069 6.8000000173
2.2 0.0063095734 102329.556 2511886.59 5.01000109 6.4000000274
2.4 0.0039810717 40738.19 1000000.1 4.61000173 6.0000000434
2.6 0.0025118864 16218.2033 398107.234 4.21000274 5.6000000688
2.8 0.0015848932 6456.60686 158489.359 3.81000434 5.2000001091
3 0.001 2570.43652 63095.7596 3.41000688 4.8000001729
3.2 0.0006309573 1023.3187 25118.8802 3.01001091 4.400000274
3.4 0.0003981072 407.396496 10000.01 2.61001729 4.0000004343
3.6 0.0002511886 162.191243 3981.07802 2.2100274 3.6000006883
3.8 0.0001584893 64.5718796 1584.89717 1.81004343 3.2000010909
4 0.0001 25.7080318 630.959856 1.41006883 2.800001729
4.2 6.30957E-005 10.2355005 251.190228 1.01010908 2.4000027402
4.4 3.98107E-005 4.07542479 100.001 0.61017288 2.0000043429
4.6 2.51189E-005 1.62283359 39.811348 0.21027399 1.600006883
4.8 1.58489E-005 0.64630009 15.84933 -0.18956579 1.2000109088
5 0.00001 0.25744716 6.30982463 -0.58931189 0.8000172892
5.2 6.30957E-006 0.10258654 2.51204492 -0.98890961 0.4000274013
5.4 3.98107E-006 0.04090041 1.0001 -1.38827231 4.34273E-005
 5.6 2.51189E-006 0.01632063 0.39817027 -1.78726296 -0.399931174
5.8 1.58489E-006 0.00652131 0.15852913 -2.18566503 -0.799890924
6 0.000001 0.00261134 0.06312085 -2.58313691 -1.199827139
6.2 0.000000631 0.0010492 0.02513471 -2.97914125 -1.599726065
6.4 3.98107E-007 0.0004238 0.01001 -3.37283641 -1.999565923
6.6 2.51189E-007 0.00017262 0.00398738 -3.76291355 -2.399312235
6.8 1.58489E-007 7.1226E-005 0.00158887 -4.14736028 -2.798910469
7 0.0000001 2.9982E-005 0.00063347 -4.52313917 -3.198274475
7.2 6.30957E-008 1.3008E-005 0.00025277 -4.88580188 -3.597268396
7.4 3.98107E-008 0.0000059 0.000101 -5.22914866 -3.995678626
7.6 2.51189E-008 2.8496E-006 4.0442E-005 -5.54521603 -4.393170872
7.8 1.58489E-008 1.4960E-006 1.6247E-005 -5.82506982 -4.789225774
8 0.00000001 8.6941E-007 6.5608E-006 -6.06077713 -5.183045711
8.2 6.30957E-009 5.6483E-007 2.6704E-006 -6.24808154 -5.573427624
8.4 0.000000004 4.0913E-007 0.0000011 -6.38813382 -5.958607315
8.6 2.51189E-009 3.2596E-007 4.6120E-007 -6.48683951 -6.336107966
8.8 1.58489E-009 2.8032E-007 1.9830E-007 -6.55233914 -6.702677206
9 0.000000001 2.5561E-007 8.8215E-008 -6.59242127 -7.054459537
9.2 6.30957E-010 2.4378E-007 4.0968E-008 -6.61299562 -7.387557397
9.4 3.98107E-010 2.4122E-007 0.00000002 -6.61759271 -7.698970004
9.6 2.51189E-010 2.4693E-007 1.0291E-008 -6.60742918 -7.987557397
9.8 1.58489E-010 2.6198E-007 5.5660E-009 -6.58173014 -8.254459537
10 1E-010 2.8956E-007 3.1428E-009 -6.5382669 -8.502677206
10.2 6.30957E-011 3.3558E-007 1.8361E-009 -6.47420473 -8.736107966
10.4 3.98107E-011 0.00000041 1.1E-009 -6.38724424 -8.958607315
10.6 2.51189E-011 5.2879E-007 6.7077E-010 -6.27671482 -9.173427624
10.8 1.58489E-011 7.1768E-007 4.1396E-010 -6.14406826 -9.383045711
11 1E-011 1.0174E-006 2.5750E-010 -5.99250317 -9.589225774
11.2 6.30957E-012 1.4927E-006 1.6100E-010 -5.82603314 -9.793170872
11.4 3.98107E-012 2.2461E-006 1.01E-010 -5.64857595 -9.995678626
11.6 2.51189E-012 3.4402E-006 6.3494E-011 -5.4634147 -10.1972684
11.8 1.58489E-012 5.3329E-006 3.9969E-011 -5.27304045 -10.39827447
 12 1E-012 8.3325E-006 2.5182E-011 -5.07922365 -10.59891047
12.2 6.30957E-013 1.3087E-005 1.5874E-011 -4.88317002 -10.79931223
12.4 3.98107E-013 2.0622E-005 1.001E-011 -4.68567828 -10.99956592
12.6 2.51189E-013 3.2564E-005 6.3136E-012 -4.48726826 -11.19972607
12.8 1.58489E-013 5.1490E-005 3.9827E-012 -4.28827442 -11.39982714
13 1E-013 8.1487E-005 2.5125E-012 -4.08891045 -11.59989092
13.2 6.30957E-014 0.00012903 1.5851E-012 -3.88931223 -11.79993117
13.4 3.98107E-014 0.00020438 1.0001E-012 -3.68956592 -11.99995657
13.6 2.51189E-014 0.0003238 6.3100E-013 -3.48972606 -12.1999726
13.8 1.58489E-014 0.00051307 3.9812E-013 -3.28982714 -12.39998271
14 1E-014 0.00081303 2.5119E-013 -3.08989092 -12.59998909

Representacin logartmica de la solubilidad del Cu(II) y Ni(II) en funcin del pH

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
-1
Log S -2
-3
-4
-5
Cu(II)
-6
Ni(II)
-7
-8
-9
-10
-11
-12
-13

pH
-12
-13

pH
Ka 2 Cu(OH)2 Ka 3 Cu(OH)2
0.000000005 3.98107E-011
funcin del pH
14

Cu(II)
Ni(II)
 1 Cu2+ 2 Cu2+ 3 Cu2+ 1 Ni2+ Kw Ks Cu(OH)2 Ks Ni(OH)2 Ka 1 Ni(OH)2 Ka1 Cu(OH)2
1584893.19 7943282347243.16228E+015 39810.7171 1E-014 2.57040E-019 6.30957E-018 3.98107E-010 1.5849E-008
HA Ni(OH)2 A- Ni(OH)- H3A Cu(OH)2 H2A Cu(OH)2 HA Cu(OH)2 A- Cu(OH)2
0.9999999996 3.9811E-010 0.9999999842 1.58489E-008 7.94328E-017 3.1623E-027
0.9999999994 6.3096E-010 0.9999999749 2.51189E-008 1.99526E-016 1.2589E-026
0.999999999 1.0000E-009 0.9999999602 3.98107E-008 5.01187E-016 5.0119E-026
0.9999999984 1.5849E-009 0.9999999369 6.30957E-008 1.25893E-015 1.9953E-025
0.9999999975 2.5119E-009 0.9999999 0.0000001 3.16228E-015 7.9433E-025
0.999999996 3.9811E-009 0.9999998415 1.58489E-007 7.94328E-015 3.1623E-024
0.9999999937 6.3096E-009 0.9999997488 2.51189E-007 1.99526E-014 1.2589E-023
0.99999999 0.00000001 0.9999996019 3.98107E-007 5.01187E-014 5.0119E-023
0.9999999842 1.5849E-008 0.999999369 0.000000631 1.25892E-013 1.9953E-022
0.9999999749 2.5119E-008 0.999999 0.000001 3.16227E-013 7.9433E-022
0.9999999602 3.9811E-008 0.9999984151 1.58489E-006 7.94327E-013 3.1623E-021
0.9999999369 6.3096E-008 0.9999974881 2.51188E-006 1.99526E-012 1.2589E-020
0.9999999 0.0000001 0.9999960189 3.98106E-006 5.01185E-012 5.0119E-020
0.9999998415 1.5849E-007 0.9999936905 6.30953E-006 1.25892E-011 1.9952E-019
0.9999997488 2.5119E-007 0.9999900001 9.99990E-006 3.16225E-011 7.9432E-019
0.9999996019 3.9811E-007 0.9999841512 1.58487E-005 7.94316E-011 3.1622E-018
0.999999369 6.3096E-007 0.9999748816 2.51182E-005 1.99521E-010 1.2589E-017
0.999999 0.000001 0.9999601904 3.98091E-005 5.01167E-010 5.0117E-017
0.9999984151 1.5849E-006 0.999936907 6.30918E-005 1.25885E-009 1.9951E-016
0.9999974881 2.5119E-006 0.9999000068 0.00009999 3.16196E-009 7.9425E-016
0.9999960189 3.9811E-006 0.9998415279 0.0001584642 7.94202E-009 3.1618E-015
0.9999936905 6.3095E-006 0.9997488545 0.0002511256 1.99476E-008 1.2586E-014
0.9999900001 9.9999E-006 0.9996020012 0.0003979487 5.00988E-008 5.0099E-014
0.9999841513 1.5849E-005 0.9993693148 0.0006305594 1.25813E-007 1.9940E-013
0.9999748818 2.5118E-005 0.9990006834 0.0009990007 3.15912E-007 7.9353E-013
0.9999601909 3.9809E-005 0.9984168229 0.001582384 7.93071E-007 3.1573E-012
0.9999369082 6.3092E-005 0.997492422 0.0025055877 1.99026E-006 1.2558E-011
0.99990001 0.00009999 0.9960297422 0.0039652658 0.000004992 4.9920E-011
0.9998415358 0.00015846 0.9937175557 0.0062699339 1.25102E-005 1.9827E-010
0.9997488744 0.00025113 0.9900680104 0.0099006801 3.13087E-005 7.8644E-010
0.9996020513 0.00039795 0.9843213671 0.0156004423 7.81874E-005 3.1127E-009
0.9993694405 0.00063056 0.9753067895 0.0244985989 0.0001945993 1.2278E-008
0.999000999 0.000999 0.9612501286 0.0382680569 0.0004817663 4.8177E-008
0.9984176147 0.00158239 0.9395362751 0.0592807313 0.0011828061 1.8746E-007
0.9974944073 0.00250559 0.9064842954 0.0906484295 0.002866555 0.00000072
0.9960347144 0.00396529 0.8573125336 0.1358748798 0.0068098755 2.7111E-006
0.9937299877 0.00627001 0.7866868323 0.197606798 0.0156964659 9.9038E-006
0.9900990099 0.00990099 0.6904761187 0.2748834939 0.0346057816 3.4606E-005
0.9843983378 0.01560166 0.5691359578 0.3591005126 0.071649972 0.00011356
0.9754966324 0.02450337 0.4315884611 0.4315884611 0.1364802549 0.00034282
0.9617134961 0.0382865 0.2956494849 0.4685728559 0.2348427334 0.00093493
0.9406490569 0.05935094 0.1811680192 0.4550734892 0.3614777214 0.00228077
0.9090909091 0.09090909 0.0995712188 0.3964001618 0.499038237 0.00499038
0.8631931114 0.13680689 0.0497553188 0.3139348381 0.6263823518 0.00992749
0.7992399911 0.20076001 0.0230323971 0.2303239711 0.7283483484 0.01829528
0.715252751 0.28474725 0.0100559075 0.1593753938 0.798769127 0.03179957
0.6131368202 0.38686318 0.0041975475 0.1054376261 0.8375208342 0.05284399
0.5 0.5 0.0016888563 0.067234582 0.8464332379 0.08464332
0.3868631798 0.61313682 0.000656794 0.0414409005 0.8268546715 0.13104763
0.284747249 0.71525275 0.0002464507 0.0246450746 0.7793456886 0.19576279
0.2007600089 0.79923999 8.87701E-005 0.014069119 0.7051262819 0.28071583
0.1368068886 0.86319311 3.04933E-005 0.0076595761 0.6084217554 0.38388818
0.0909090909 0.90909091 9.93675E-006 0.0039558903 0.4980170865 0.49801709
0.0593509431 0.94064906 0.000003067 0.0019351508 0.3861133547 0.61194843
0.0382865039 0.9617135 8.99639E-007 0.000899639 0.2844908231 0.71460864
0.0245033676 0.97549663 2.52641E-007 0.0004004084 0.2006795722 0.79891977
0.0156016622 0.98439834 6.85541E-008 0.0001722 0.1367833211 0.86304441
0.0099009901 0.99009901 1.81374E-008 7.22064E-005 0.090902525 0.90902525
0.0062700123 0.99372999 4.71427E-009 2.97451E-005 0.0593491774 0.94062107
0.0039652856 0.99603471 1.21071E-009 1.21071E-005 0.0382860403 0.96170185
0.0025055927 0.99749441 3.08478E-010 0.000004889 0.0245032477 0.97549186
 0.0015823853 0.99841761 7.81934E-011 1.96413E-006 0.0156016316 0.9843964
0.000999001 0.999001 1.97551E-011 7.86463E-007 0.0099009823 0.99009823
0.0006305595 0.99936944 4.98045E-012 3.14245E-007 0.0062700104 0.99372968
0.0003979487 0.99960205 1.25393E-012 1.25393E-007 0.0039652851 0.99603459
0.0002511256 0.99974887 3.15435E-013 0.00000005 0.0025055925 0.99749436
0.0001584642 0.99984154 7.93071E-014 1.99211E-008 0.0015823852 0.99841759
0.00009999 0.99990001 1.99327E-014 7.93535E-009 0.000999001 0.99900099
6.30918E-005 0.99993691 5.00871E-015 3.16028E-009 0.0006305595 0.99936944
3.98091E-005 0.99996019 1.25842E-015 1.25842E-009 0.0003979487 0.99960205
2.51182E-005 0.99997488 3.16148E-016 5.01061E-010 0.0002511256 0.99974887

Diagrama de Distribucion de Especies de Ni en funcion de pH

1.2

0.8

HA Ni(OH)2
Fraccion 0.6
A- Ni(OH)-

0.4

0.2

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

pH
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

pH
Ka 2 Cu(OH)2Ka 3 Cu(OH)2
5.0119E-009 3.9811E-011
Diagrama de Distribucion de Especies de Cu (ll) en funcion de pH
1.2

0.8

0.6
Fraccion

0.4

0.2

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

pH
 HA Ni(OH)2
A- Ni(OH)-

16
16
uncion de pH

H3A Cu(OH)2

H2A Cu(OH)2

HA Cu(OH)2

A- Cu(OH)2

14 16