TORSIONAL VIBRATIONS 295

4. In column 7 write down the torsional spring constant of the shafting between the
inertias. Note that Ci, the spring constant between mass 1 and 2, is placed in the
station 1 line.
5. The product of column 3, first line, times the assumed angle of 8 = 1, col
umn 4, first line, is written in the first line of column 5. This is the inertia torque to
the right of the first mass caused by the vibration of the first mass.
6. The inertia torque in column 5 is added to the previous summation of inertia
torque in column 6 to give the total inertia torque. For the first line, this gives
300 + 0 = 300.
7. Dividing the summation of inertia torque by the torsional spring constant gives
the change in angle produced by the vibration. For the first line, this is AS = 300/10*.
8. Subtracting (with due regard to algebraic sign) the change in angle from the

- -
previous angle gives the angular deflection at the next mass.
angular deflection is 0, = 9t A9 = 1 0.0003 = 0.9997.
Thus for mass 2, the

9. This process is continued until the total torque at the last mass is obtained in
column 6. The proximity of this summation torque to zero is an indication of the
closeness of the assumed frequency to a natural frequency.
Since the summation of inertia torque in Table 10-2 is +568.51 in.-lb and not zero,
our assumed value of natural frequency is not correct. Consequently we assume a
different (in this case higher) frequency and carry out the procedure again in a second
Holzer table, as indicated in Table 10-3.

Table 10-3. Holzer Method fob System of Fig. 10-6o

lst-mode u'= 1, 220

. Xlio'8
Sta
tion
I Iu1 9 C X 10 A8- c

1 0.25 305 1.0000 305.00 305.00 1 0.000305

2 0.25 305 0.9997 304.91 609.91 1 0.000610
3 0.25 305 0.9991 304.72 914.63 1 0.000915
4 0.25 305 0.9982 304.44 1,219.07 1 0.001219
5 3.50 4,270 0.9970 4,257.19 5,476.26 0.005 1.095252
6 50.00 61,000 -0.0983 -5,996.30 -520.04

Linear interpolation between the remainder torque of +568.51 for u2 = 1,200 from
Table 10-2 and the remainder torque of -520.04 for u' = 1,220 from Table 10-3 gives

u1 = 1,210.47 radiansVsec*

and hence the first natural frequency is very close to 34.79 radians/sec = 5.54 cps.
This is practically the same answer obtained by the analytical method of the simpli
fied two- and three-mass systems.
To obtain the higher natural frequencies, we note that the torque remainder changes
sign as the frequency is changed from below to above a natural frequency. For the
first mode, a positive torque remainder indicates the assumed frequency is too low,
while a negative torque remainder indicates the assumed frequency is too high. For
the second mode, a positive torque remainder indicates the assumed frequency is too
high, while a negative torque remainder indicates the assumed frequency is too low.
A plot of torque remainder as a function of frequency should be made to aid in the
estimation of trial frequencies.
For the second natural frequency of the system of Fig. 10-6a, the three-mass-system