TRANSFORMERS

Theory Questions

1. What is a transformer? Explain its working principle.

2. With a neat diagram, explain the constructional details of:
(i) shell type transformer ii) core type transformer
3. Obtain the emf equation of a transformer with usual notations.
4. For an ideal transformer show that flux in the core remains constant for all loads.
5. Enumerate the various losses occurring in a transformer and suggest methods to reduce
them.
6. Obtain the condition for maximum efficiency of an transformer.

Numerical

1. The voltage ratio of a 50 Hz, 25 KVA single phase transformer is 6000/250 volts. If the
maximum flux in the core is 0.05 wb, determine the number of turns on each winding.
Calculate full load primary and secondary currents.

2. A 200 KVA, 3300/240 volts, 50 Hz single phase transformer has 80 turns on the
secondary winding assuming an ideal transformer, calculate (a) The primary and
secondary currents on full load (b) the maximum value of flux (c) number of primary
turns.
3. Find number of turns of primary and secondary of 415/240V, 50Hz transformer if area of
core is 50sq cm and max value of flux density in the core is 1.3 wb/sq m.
4. A 5KVA, 50Hz, single-phase transformer has primary and secondary turns of 120 and 80.
At a certain flux density, the induced e.m.f. per turn in primary is 2.5V. Determine
primary and secondary voltage.
5. A single phase 2300/230Volts, 2KVA transformer has a full load copper loss of 100Watts
and iron loss of 50 Watts. Calculate:
a) the efficiency of the transformer at half full load 0.6 p.f. lag
b) load at which efficiency is maximum
c) find maximum efficiency at 0.9 p.f.

6. For a 25KVA, 2000/200 V, single-phase transformer, the iron loss equal to full-load
copper loss, which is 350 watts. Determine the efficiency of the transformer at half full-
load at upf.
7. A 50 KVA transformer has an efficiency of 98% at full load 0.8 p.f. and an efficiency of
96.9% at 1/4 full load upf. Determine the iron loss and full load copper loss. Find the
efficiency at half full-load and 0.9 pf lead.
8. A 10KVA, 1, transformer has a maximum efficiency of 98% at full load 0.8 P.F.
Determine Cu loss at half load.
9. A 20 KVA transformer on domestic load (upf) has full load efficiency of 95.3% the full-
load copper loss being twice the iron loss. Find efficiency at :
a) 1/4 load b) 1/2 load c) max efficiency.