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Bacterial Genetics
CHAPTEROUTLINE
13.1 The Enormous Diversity of Bacteria
13.2 Bacterial Genomes
13.3 Bacteria as Experimental Organisms
13.4 Gene Transfer in Bacteria
13.5 Bacterial Genetic Analysis
13.6 A Comprehensive Example: How N. gonorrhoeae Became Resistant to Penicillin
Learning objectives:
List key features of prokaryotic cells.
Different habitats
On land, in aquatic environments, as parasites or symbionts
inside other life-forms
Some bacteria cause hundreds of animal and plant disease
Learning objectives:
Describe how genes are organized within a bacterial genome.
4 to 5 Mb of DNA in most
commonly studied bacterial
species
Usually circular
4-5 Mb = 1.6 mm long = 1000 times longer than the cell
Packaged by supercoiling to fit inside cell.
Encodes transposase
Plasmids
Small circles of double
stranded DNA
Resistance plasmids
Contain composite IS/Tn
transposons.
Fig. 14.2
Resistance to bactericides
Antibiotics, bacteriophages
Selection and screening for gene transfer from His+ Trp+ donor to
His Trp recipient:
Fig. 13.14
Copyright McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display 22
Hartwell et al., 5th ed., Chapter 13
Bacterial conjugation requires
direct cell to cell contact
F plasmid is formed by
excision of F plasmid
plus some adjacent
bacterial chromosomal
DNA
F plasmids replicate
independently in bacterial
cells.
Mariner transposon
No ORI, only replicates if
inserted into bacterial
chromosome.
>50 bp of sequence
homologous to 5 and 3
ends of gene X
Homologous
recombination results in
replacement of gene X
with drug resistance gene.
Organellar Inheritance
CHAPTEROUTLINE
14.1 Mitochondria and Their Genomes
14.2 Chloroplasts and Their Genomes
14.3 The Relationship Between Organellar and Nuclear Genomes
14.4 Non-Mendelian Inheritance of Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
14.5 Mutant Mitochondria and Human Disease
Learning objectives:
Describe the structure and function of a typical
mitochondrion.
Outer membrane
surrounds wrinkled
inner membrane
No introns
Learning objectives:
Recognize mitochondrial diseases in human pedigrees.