MOLE CONCEPT AND STICHIOMETRY

IMPORTANCE:- In chemistry we use a number unit called mole which is very large. All concept of
chapter are very important beacuse will be used in all chapter numericals. So spend good amount of time
in this. In chemistry use MOLE to represent amounts of matter. Keep in mind that this word MOLE is
representative of an amount of something. Just as you can have a dozen pencil , you can also have a
dozen apple. So the scientist of the world can have a mole of water, a mole of sodium chloride.

No.of moles = enitities count equal to 6.0231023 (just like 1 dozen = 12 entities)

6.0231023 is called Avogadro' Number, is used as a reference point for most calculations and
equations found in chemistry

When some atom's / molecules count become equal to 1 mole

no. of atoms / molecules = 6.0231023

When mass of atoms/ molecules = gram molcular mass ?

12 m Carbon , 18 gm H2O etc.

When 1 mole of gas, occupies 22.4 liters at STP conditions or 22.7 liters at NTP

Before we jump into actual chemistry problems we need to understand some basis definitions

1. What is Atom?

It is smallest particle of ordinary substance. It is made up of electrons , protons , neutrons.All atoms have
equal number of protons and electrons. In other words, they are always neutral. Charged atoms, or ions,
contain different number of protons and electrons.

2. What is Element?

Elements are entirely made up of one type of atom of same number of protons. For example, gold and
copper are elements with 100% gold atoms and 100% copper atoms, respectively, H element.

3. What is Compound?

It is a substance made of more than one type of atoms. They are usually formed by a chemical process
and atoms are bound together by chemical bonds.

4. What is molecules?
This is the smallest unit of a compound.Species formed of diffrenent type / same type elements
combination.for example , H2 : molecule of H element , CO : molecule of C, O element

5.What is the difference between atoms and elemnets?

* Smallest form of Element is an atom

Consider a hypothetical bowl of elements with H, C, N elements.

All H,N,C are collectively known as atoms , we do not know atoms of what?

1. An element is a primary substance that cannot be further simplified, and consists of smaller particles
called atoms.

2. An atom is the smallest amount of an element. It is composed of sub-atomic particles neutrons, protons,
and electrons.

3. A particular element is composed of only one type of atom.

4. Atoms combine to form molecules; when all bound atoms are alike, they form elements.

5. Fundamentally, the term element came about when the periodic table was introduced to describe kinds
of atoms.