Application of The Organic Rankine Cycle For DHC/CHP System

Application of the Organic Rankine Cycle for
DHC/CHP System
Campus Energy 2016 The Changing Landscape

2016. 2. 8 ~ 12, JW Marriott Austin Hotel, Austin, TX
Jong Jun Lee, Shin Young Im

Korea District Heating Corporation
Contents
Introduction
System Configuration
Results
Conclusion
www.kdhc.co.kr
Introduction
Results
Conclusion
www.kdhc.co.kr
Introduction
Research Background
Increasing greenhouse effect and draining fossil fuel reserves
CO2 is main source of the More than 80% of CO2 emission comes from
greenhouse effect Power generation
Adoption of Paris Agreement at December 12, 2015
The United Nations framework convention on climate change(2 scenario)
South Korea should be reduced 37% CO2 Emission
Campus Energy 2016 The Charging Landscape
www.kdhc.co.kr February 8~12, 2016, JW Marriott Austin Hotel, TX
4
Introduction
Research Background
*International Energy Outlook 2013(DOE/IEA)
Fig.1 World energy consumptions Fig.2 World energy-related carbon dioxide emissions
World marketed energy consumption is projected to grow by 56% than 2010

World carbon dioxide emissions are projected to rise by 46% than 2010
Improving conventional power generation system Performance

are one of the solution to solve those problems
5
Introduction
Research Background
Combined Heat & Power(CHP) System is one of the
solution for using energy more efficiently
High efficiency and low emissions comparing to
conventional Electricity and heat generation
Catalog of CHP Technologies, U.S. Environmental protection Agency CHP Partnership, 2008
A decade of progress Combined Heat and Power, U.S. Department of Energy, 2009
Wasted heat are still generated from CHP

6
Introduction
Research Background
Organic Rankine Cycle(ORC)

The power generation system which Use Organic fluid
as working fluid
Additional electricity can be generated using lower
temperature heat source
USA (Ormat) Germany (GMK) Italy (Turboden)
Waste heat recovery projects using Organic Rankine Cycle technology, 2011, G. David, F. Michel, L. Sanchez

7
Introduction
Research Background
Pure Organic Rankine Cycle
ORC SRC
Temperature 70~350 350~
Efficiency 8~22% 30~40%
Output 100kW~5MW 1MW~
ORC Products and applications Korea, Pratt & Whitney(Turboden) Brochure
Under 350 steam can be generate electricity by ORC

SRC may more effective than ORC if the temperature of
heat source are higher than 350
8
Introduction
Research Background
Pure Organic Rankine Cycle

Organic Rankine Cycle Operating Temperature(R245fa)
212
3
(100)
2 4
4
86 1
(30)
2 1
1-2 process : Compression
2-3 process : Heating
3-4 process : Expansion
4-1 process : Cooling(Condensing)
9
Introduction
Research Background
Comparison between ORC & SRC

Organic Rankine Cycle Steam Rankine Cycle
Two-Phase Super-heating
Sub-cooling
Condensing
Kyoung hoon Kim, 2011, Study of Working Fluids on Thermodynamic Performance of Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC),
Trans. of the Korean Hydrogen and New Energy Society(2011. 4), Vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 223~231
Michael J. Moran & Howard N. Shapiro, 2000, Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics 4th ed, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

10
Introduction
Research Objective
To Find out how to increasing CHP performance

when ORC(organic rankine cycle) are adopted
Developing Performance Simulation model using

commercial simulation tools(GateCycle, Aspen Hysys)
Combined Cycle and Organic Rankine Cycle models

are validated using commercial CC CHP plant
Proposing How to Adopt Organic Rankine Cycle to

the conventional CC CHP Plant

11
Introduction
Results
Conclusion
www.kdhc.co.kr
CC CHP Plant system diagram
System Configuration (CC CHP)

13
System Modeling(CC CHP)
Design specifications of GT(GE7EA) Design specifications of HRSG and ST

Component Parameters Modeling* Component Parameters Modeling*
Air temperature (oC) 15
Inlet Air pressure (kPa) 101.3 Inlet temperature (oC) 449
Air flow (kg/s) 294.6 Inlet pressure (kPa) 4848
Pressure ratio 12.8 Turbine Added flow pressure (kPa) 451
Compressor Number of stages 17 Isentropic efficiency (%) 87.8
Polytropic efficiency (%) 90 Main steam flow (kg/s) 42.1
Fuel flow (kg/s) 5.36 Pump Input Efficiency (%) 85
Combustor Deaerator Outlet Pressure (kPa) 4.0
Lower heating value (kJ/kg) of NG 49430
Mechanical efficiency (%) 99
Turbine inlet temperature (oC) 1154
Performance Generator efficiency (%) 97
Turbine exhaust temperature (oC) 548
Turbine Power Generator output (MW) 31.7
Total coolant relative to compressor
14.3 Exhaust gas Temperature (oC) 82.7
inlet air flow (%)
Power output (MW) 86.8
Performance
Thermal efficiency (%) 32.7
*Gas turbine world handbook. 2012.

**GE-Energy. GateCycle ver 6.1.2

14
ORC Plant system diagram
ORC System Configuration
Organic fluid for

working
=> ORC System working fluid : R245fa
Gas/Steam
Water/Air
HRU (Heat Recovery Unit)
Tubine
Heat
Evapo Heat
Supply rator Exhaust
Econo
mizer
Condenser
Pump

15
System Modeling(ORC)
Design specifications of ORC system*

*Mago P. J., Chamra L. M., Srinivasan K., Somayaji C., 2008, "An
Parameters Modeling
examination of regenerative organic Rankine cycles using dry
fluids," Applied Thermal Engineering Vol. 28 pp.998~1007.
ORC Turbine Isentropic Efficiency (%) 80
Pump Isentropic Efficiency (%) 75
HRU Pinch Temperature(oC) 10
Condensing temperature(oC) 30
Case 1 : Using stack exhaust gas as heat source of ORC(With DH

Economizer)
Case 2 : Using stack exhaust gas as heat source of ORC(Without DH

Economizer)
Case 3 : Using hot water(which delivering heat to consumer) as heat source

of ORC

16
Introduction
Results
Conclusion
www.kdhc.co.kr
Results
System Modeling(ORC-Case1)
ORC System Case 1

A
Organic fluid for

working
Steam
Gas
Cogeneration Steam
water Turbine
Deaerator
DH heater
#2
Fuel
Combustor Cons-
umer
ORC
Turbine DH
Comp. HRSG HRU
ECO
Cond- DH heater
enser #1 Acuu-
Air Cooling Air mulator

18
Results
Performance analysis result(Case1)
Results(Case 1)
60 20
= 18
Turbine specific power (kJ/kg)

Mass flow working fluid(kg/s)
50
400
16
350 40
14
ORC Net Power(kW)
300 30
12
250
20
10
200
10 Mass flow(kg/s)
8
150 Enthalpy change(kJ/kg)
Power 0 6
100
50 55 60 65 70 75 80
o
Outlet temperature of HRU hot side( C)
50
75 650
50 55 60 65 70 75 80
o 600
Outlet temperature of HRU hot side( C) 70
Evaporator pressure(kPa)
550
Maximum Power output (362kW) @ 65
- HRU Gas Side exhaust temp. 58 60

500
- Operating pressure : 354kPa
TIT( C)
450
o
- working fluid flow rate : 37.5kg/s 55
400
Fixed hot side inlet temperature(82oC) and increased hot

50
350
side exhaust temperature(decreasing heat transfer rate)
o
45 TIT( C)
300
Decreasing mass flow of working fluid(R245fa)
Evaporation Pressure(kPa)
(Because of changing saturated vapor pressure) 40

50 55 60 65 70 75 80
250
Increasing enthalpy difference of ORC turbine inlet and o

exit
19
Results
180
160
140
Pinch
Increasing Heat Transfer rate
(Fixed)
120 = Increasing flow rate
Hot Side
Temperature()
100
80
Changing Operating pressure
= Decreasing specific power
60
40
20
0
1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2
Entropy (kJ/kgK)

20
Results
ORC System Case 2

A
Organic fluid for

working
Steam
Gas
Cogeneration Steam
water Turbine
Deaerator
DH heater
#2
Fuel
Combustor Cons-
umer
ORC
Turbine DH
Comp. HRSG HRU
ECO
Cond- DH heater
enser #1 Acuu-
DH Economizer off

21
Results
Results(Case 2)
160 30
2800
Mass flow of working fluidkg/s)

150
Turbine specific power (kJ/kg)

2700
2600 25
140
ORC Net Power(kW)
2500
130
2400 20
120
2300
110
2200 15
Mass flow(kg/s)
Power(kW) 100
2100 Enthalpy variation(kJ/kg)
2000 90 10
50 55 60 65 70 75 80
50 55 60 65 70 75 80 o
o
Maximum Power output (2,796kW) @

- HRU Gas Side exhaust temp. 70
- Operating pressure : 1,006kPa
- working fluid flow rate : 113.6kg/s
Similar as case1, hot side inlet temperature 151

22
Results
ORC System Case 3

A
Organic fluid for

working
ma (Total hot water)
Steam
mb (Hot water
Gas
Steam
to ORC)
Cogeneration
water Turbine
Deaerator
DH heater
#2
Fuel
ORC
Combustor Cons-
umer HRU
Cond-
DH enser
Comp. Turbine HRSG
ECO
DH heater
#1 Acuu-

23
Results
Performance estimation for Case 3

Definition of Heat Ratio to ORC(X)
mb
X (%) 100
ma
(a Total DH supply water, b Supplied to the HRU)
Defining total hot water flow rate ma , Supplying flow rate for ORC mb
Supplying entire hot water to the ORC(X= 100) Power is 6,754kW

- Turbine Inlet Temperature : 54
- Working Fluid mass flow : 605.9kg/s
Power is depend on the supplying hot water into the ORC

24
Introduction
Results
Conclusion
www.kdhc.co.kr
Conclusion
Simulating conventional CC CHP Plant
Three method are proposed for applying ORC to the

conventional CC CHP Plant
Case 3 is best performance but it has to use a lot of
consumers heat
Case 2 is practically appropriate method
When the ORC are considered like as case2, CHP efficiency
may increase 0.77%(p), CO2 may decrease 2,397ton/year
comparing to original CC CHP Plant
Future work
Constructing concept prove ORC Power plant
Test and validation simulation result

26
Thank You for Your Attention
Senior Researcher Jong Jun Lee

E-mail : leejj1023@kdhc.co.kr
Office : 82-2-2040-1258
Cell : 82-10-4844-7247
www.kdhc.co.kr

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Application of the Organic Rankine Cycle for

Campus Energy 2016 The Changing Landscape

Jong Jun Lee, Shin Young Im

Increasing greenhouse effect and draining fossil fuel reserves

*International Energy Outlook 2013(DOE/IEA)

World marketed energy consumption is projected to grow by 56% than 2010

Improving conventional power generation system Performance

Wasted heat are still generated from CHP

Organic Rankine Cycle(ORC)

USA (Ormat) Germany (GMK) Italy (Turboden)

Campus Energy 2016 The Charging Landscape

Pure Organic Rankine Cycle

Temperature 70~350 350~

Efficiency 8~22% 30~40%

Output 100kW~5MW 1MW~

ORC Products and applications Korea, Pratt & Whitney(Turboden) Brochure

Under 350 steam can be generate electricity by ORC

Pure Organic Rankine Cycle

Comparison between ORC & SRC

Campus Energy 2016 The Charging Landscape

To Find out how to increasing CHP performance

Developing Performance Simulation model using

Combined Cycle and Organic Rankine Cycle models

Proposing How to Adopt Organic Rankine Cycle to

Campus Energy 2016 The Charging Landscape

System Configuration (CC CHP)

Campus Energy 2016 The Charging Landscape

Design specifications of GT(GE7EA) Design specifications of HRSG and ST

*Gas turbine world handbook. 2012.

Campus Energy 2016 The Charging Landscape

ORC System Configuration

Organic fluid for

Campus Energy 2016 The Charging Landscape

Design specifications of ORC system*

Pump Isentropic Efficiency (%) 75

HRU Pinch Temperature(oC) 10

Case 1 : Using stack exhaust gas as heat source of ORC(With DH

Case 2 : Using stack exhaust gas as heat source of ORC(Without DH

Case 3 : Using hot water(which delivering heat to consumer) as heat source

Campus Energy 2016 The Charging Landscape

ORC System Case 1

Organic fluid for

Campus Energy 2016 The Charging Landscape

Turbine specific power (kJ/kg)

- HRU Gas Side exhaust temp. 58 60

- Operating pressure : 354kPa

Fixed hot side inlet temperature(82oC) and increased hot

(Because of changing saturated vapor pressure) 40

Increasing enthalpy difference of ORC turbine inlet and o

Campus Energy 2016 The Charging Landscape

ORC System Case 2

Organic fluid for

Campus Energy 2016 The Charging Landscape

Mass flow of working fluidkg/s)

Turbine specific power (kJ/kg)

Maximum Power output (2,796kW) @

Similar as case1, hot side inlet temperature 151

Campus Energy 2016 The Charging Landscape

ORC System Case 3

Organic fluid for

Campus Energy 2016 The Charging Landscape

Performance estimation for Case 3

Supplying entire hot water to the ORC(X= 100) Power is 6,754kW