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    13 views607 pages

    Art InTheory

    Uploaded by

    ClaudiuMe
    ...

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    of 607
    Art in Theory 1900-1990 An Anthology of Changing Ideas Edited by Charles Harrison and Paul Wood Induction, ton weer mate copyright © Ces Haron Pad Wood 192 pbs 1992 rat plated a USA 1993 ‘Repel 193 (ee ine, 1994, 1985, 1996 0) 1997, 198, 1989 ie). ‘lake Publis ad Tom Coley Rod Onfod OR UF, UK BlackvelPbliher in 550 Man See Maiden Masha 02148, USA Al is sere Except he gna of shor usages forthe purposes {testctn sn rven to prt fs piconets ‘Steere ptm, o amid ay frm oy ny meas stole, ‘ech phorpying orig or ober without he pr prmisin| he pober xcept inte Used Stes of Ameri, esk sald subjeto ie coniton frist nu by wy of rade or terse, een resid ot or iets wiboot pbb’ pr cnn ny frm of ada reover oct tinct plated wa wot mae onion. Inching his conion being ingot on te when phe. rsh Libary Cataloguing nPubeton Data [XCiPetogue sd or his bank aula fom he Bish Libary Lira of Congress Ctging Publication Dat ‘atin ay, 19001090 Feed by Charles Haro ed Pol Wood pete alee boggles an ine Foon" tesns# (pt site pape) [a Modes 2 crtan = Peso. {Maron hare, 1942 1 Wood, aa 1988 Neaso.anist 192 om “ype in 100 12 ade {yar Tah Caran, once nda yi nd Bont Gre Beta 1 eran Li, Pad Cara ‘hiebook prin on se paper Summary of Contents The Legacy of Symbolism oT A Goes dri IL The lea ofthe Madera World ws Rationalization ad Transformation as 1h Neola an the Cal 0 One a 1 Diss and ser m6 Abwoncoon and Far ae Ua ad Contrctan Sos IV Freedom, Responsiaty and Power a (Rea a tig 1 Moser 8 Ctgve “7 The nda! and the Social se "The American Anata ss VW Modernization and Moderism a Wi nsttuons and Objections 0s ‘A Objathon and Reducti ms 3 Seas For i € hata Ace oH 1 tdeas ofthe Postmodern ws C Figur of ites tose Contents Geral traduction | The Legacy of Symbolism a Cation and Origa Teale de Wyrens from Engler Dela 0 Newbie 189 Pl Gein Ceo Foi 199 ‘re Wenge ftom Ser onf Chere 193 Maurce Den Gate Roger Po) ‘conn 190, om Garin and van Gogh to NenChaicin’ 1909 Jee Meter 'Mynery and Cheon! 191 Espresion andthe Primitive » » si Contents 5 Pim Ladi Kite rope fhe re 1906 4 Mikel Woes ro tho ed Epa 1908 6 Roger Fr An Ts Ate 1908 The "Snopes" of Gemany and Te Pitre 1912 “On he Nee of Vion 1612 1 Meuaner Shree 1 Beneda Cre 15 hee Ba 1 The dea ofthe Modern World 14 Masenty "The Meola Mel Lf 1902-3 Actin andthe Spt of Capi 1904-5 3 Mir ich Lei at Orn Pry Lert 1908 fom Crate Foes 1987 §Alender at 6 Popo Tomas nes Contents th Cerin Ry oP Ping 9 Pero 14 ve moyen Pig 1914 frm In These Gres Tn’ 114 ren eatin: The New Ran Puig Me Cabin 1 fo Mae 2 Guile Spline The Catia 1 3 Gate Spline “On the Sub in Modes Pvt’ 112 4 Gaile Rpotine “The New Panag it Note 112 5) Goitone Aptis ‘fom The Cb Pee 912 6 Jugue ee ‘rset Teneni aPaiig 1912 2 Aber Glee snd Jan Menge “The Origin 0 Puinig an is Rerenttinal Vl 15 “The Baro the New Grn 113 10 Daniteny Kaecier 4 eT fC 8-28 “Pe Spi 123 | Rationalization and Transformation US NewClaicom ond the Call te Onder 4 os 1 contents 2 Gaitume Apatinive “The New Spt the Pes 118 3 Owald Speer, ‘om Ta Dei 5 Lene Roweber “Trai and Cate 1919 “The Rear fhe Craft 119 7 Ca ent LC) nd Ame Oa ‘On Rape 120 1M Jum Grin ely» Qesonie 121 Dinent and Dieder ‘Due Mane 91 1908 5 Ricard Hockenbect ad Rao! Hasina ‘Wu Dua and hat dc sn Ges” 118719 Dra Mane 118 and‘ 9) Sovenberarnte Option ‘Spenkater ihe Nowmberpumpe 2b A Rs ts Ki Quine 19 ‘reve Crd! 198-20 1 Max Pade ‘rete Cr! 190, Whe Was Ey Fy ey a a a Contents 38 Whe Abiracton and Form 2 Nir sibs 3 Dest 4 Thon san Deeb trom Pip NPA 915-25, 5 Ber Monon ‘Dore on the New Pai 1919 Neato the Genel Price of Plc Bieee 120-21 ‘NenObjetve An and Suprema 191 The Destin nar te 920 9 Naum Gat don Peer “The Rec Masa vw UNovis “Proamime of Unted Nadine in Paige Vib Ste Fre 1 Manly Kandy "Ph forthe Phscopmcholp Deparment of the Ruan Aces of Ae Seer: 3 2 Ets ‘and Panga 125 Mo Chitty and Contraction ‘rare Deli’ 119 Miles Tain he nnn lvl inthe Galen’ 1919 Canoga Stat 1919 Sheen inn rapa 3031 “ee ting Group af Camsresvi’ 022 m ao Contents The Soll ortal Met” 1923, “ram Pre Cale ria 1924 1 sin Tain "Repro he Sesion Gr Mail Care's Reseach Wes 1924 IV. Freedom, Responsibility and Power WA The Madras Heat 1 Water Grpie "he The a Onan othe Baus’ 123 frm On Made 1924 from Faas f Maen Ae 1928 5) am Holman ‘On the Ao Ar? 1931 6 ReninerCrson dor Semen 192 and 1933, ‘Soaemene 132 a 1935, Niet Bu fhm Conrad Ahra 1936 Strcmen Tein 136 w Naum Gate The Conarctine Me ia An 1957 15 Ancram Abert Aris "Os Inventing Our Own 1938 ‘Soom Ast Ae 194 10 Rowlin a Fgratin ma a wa a8 m 0 Conan at ‘Dect 1922 The meine Tots 0 AKBRR' 1926 5 Rel Geo Ne 1924 7 ARBRD tise) 10 Goo Laks ‘Dacre onthe Reconstruction of Literary and Artic Oreaiatins 1952 12 John esd Cah New Yer, ‘ra an 1952 "he Revlationey Spc in Modern Art 1952 16 Mae Son ‘Manito of Mort Pang 1933 15: Ani Zhan ‘Spec the Cones af Sve Wee 198¢ 1 Dad A Signer ie 4 Trmtrmaion of he Pale Ar 1936 ‘Atte Ping ers Cnc Arata trom Re gun he Cy 1988 19. Fanos Klioeser 20 Aas ser 1c Realm at rie ‘ect of he Bar de RehehsSre? 138 cl nd Ahi rine 1622 # ge e398 a Comers itm he Sco Nani of Sarto 199 (Gee Grn and Win Herele We oe Seng’ a We Rae the Alar’ 127 Sepfies Kecaer from The Mae Oman 192, ‘ote (Anco frie Lato) Tom Marto and he Pinphy of Langue 128 Vr “tl Dinan” 199-8 Leer eo Ger Stem upland Rin 938 end Lage "The New Hem Goes Ox 196 Nb Mader a Gog simi Masih ‘bo Te Reva A 198 "The Sa Bs of Ae 1956 Jin Natty Fn tech anion 198 The Work of At the Age af Mechs Repro’ 1936 “Teer Aer a ” 1 Chen Grebe The Individual and the Social, 2 Jaan Pal Arewr 4 Question 144 41 Aliph Gong sl Mar Rohe wth Barnet Newman Seem 196 arnt Newman “The Deine of Cabo? 1948 10 Bier Neon 11 jon Polk ftom The Amen Aton Pere 1982 1s Gato Sa Va Inddualon in Europe 1 JemPat Sete 2 Jem Date ‘wen 2 Jee batter coments a8 cy ss on m so so Contes 5 ie Seach er he Ale 188 (6 Simul Behr and Ganges Dac tram Thr Dues 19 2 i Paseo Farman ofthe Funin ofthe 1989 8 Jems! oe hvaran an eco in Camera 18 cin nthe Satctes Fig nd Fans of Athens Gis 181 Ve Ar and Society “Open Opn on Paine 1982 4 Rabe Matera "Whe Jed the Camas Pa” 196 “The esis wf Wt Wil Emerge Te hi Ope” 14778 1 Aes Jam os 8 «0 {rom Te Copan Revd 189 15 Me At Slips ‘The Pls of Fon 50 ‘ed, Bre "Eeaumc Supyr At Ania ay’ 1953 v Modernization and Modernism VIN te and Maser Life Grr Ost ‘Weng fom he Suton lta 1957-6 Fhe Aran the Mae Med 154 The New Resi 1950 5 jun Ce © Jape Jame : Contents ave st Contents 1 Roy Leena Lec te alge Art Aston 1964 16 Gece Kab fom Pa Sap of Time 1962 1S: Mast Mel ban tho Cadomantag Meds 1984 1 Tony Smith fi nee wih Samuel Wap e168 ‘VIN Modern Ae 2 Das Smut aon a iy” 1959 2 Meo Mero {ion Eye and Min’ 1961 4 Ghent Grebe. ‘Marit Puig 96-65 5 Theater Anns Inuren it Doty Gee Seer 196 7 Ghent Gender from Aer Abc Exprewionn” 1962 Nha red from Pr nro Paine 1965 fo Shape Form: Fran Sts New Panag? 1966 10 oles Ob ‘Panne Cal 1967 Shai Ce 12 Willa Tare a Ti Sex mefetnson Ser 183 1 Raturd Wale The Work of ra Ojo 1970 VI Insitutions and Objections Vile Oba ond Redaccim Sonne Leta 1950 2 Fn Sel Fras Lesr 1950-40 2 Aa Reba ™ 10 4 Dama Jo ‘Spa Objet 7 Stewie 10 se Rosth Atlee Php 69 11 Das Hatem Oar Now, Michel Parent, Nike Tne Senne 197 Vite Acie 0 Frm ir Sh 197 2 Robert Sohn i Se Bond Ob 44 ri rticton wo Lana 198 Sinemet 9 Jobe Murph Sons Stent fir ‘When Aes Boome Farm’ 198 9 Germano Gaet 10 Joep Bess Not fot 1 Fe Are Cle Dut Ese’ 1972 YMG Polat pecs 2 nine 4 HONE Ais nd Pi: yp Conan ss so The At Mate: Anse nd Deaton’ 175 $Me een 7 ltt Langage 6 VItD Creal Reins icine osee tom Of Cooma 167 2 Mad Posau Fo Wey and a Se Apts 970 fers = 1960 (70 int own Roca! Kenoe 9 Jem Botts 10 Joie kraees From inl Plate and Nartive Chem 197/75 1 Free enn fem eens on she sbi Debate 197 z Contents a it deas of the Postmodern oem es eennrs ecpecaaee 1 osph Bee, Jamis Kemcle, Anat ter Ete Gai from The Catal Hara Trap te Eaepen Cannes 1985 9 Gotrd Reber so Earn wit Desi asi 986 IMS The Critique of Onna 1 Jen Basi 2 Chg Ovens ” | Ram Alegria lope: Tals 4 The f Pes’ 198 fe The ie fe Aa Ge 5) Shi Lecn ‘Seren 182 i Lanege ‘Notte ad Gare! 1988 9 rade Janson “The Deca of Expesin 184 10 Hem Such el Roney See Levine, Philip Ta, Pate Ha. on vs Contents 1 tie Kester ve Fo ire + See * Screens ie Mate Py ad Bld Ping 168 Bogrnhs Cony caonineen a re Acknowledgements (ue fremosethanks gp to thse numerous authors and cpyrght-hlders who hve permite ust repradce the teste ere ctude, hd oe heh whee tre hme felt the need to-do. We are als indbd tothe tanslifrs and ‘ltrs of more pes antolgis who hase been most genrou a making Iter saale tos, We have met 20 Ute resitance to bur reqs that treat own the cletion a ands aan acearte prot of or itennon. ‘This isto sy that within the limite of what could be comand in» single Solum, snd of what me cold ace within the tine at our dspostl his Book ny sepesents the sbetance of ur contrations and the nature of out sreenen Th the lng task of tracing and comping materi we hae benefited grey from the aie and sntance offends and colleagues the Open Univers tnd chewhere We woul hte purity to thank Stephen Bunn. David atcha, Tim Benn, Aathony Caso, Thomas Crm, Trish Eva, Bron) ex, Tamar Gub, Roberta Give, Andrew Hemingvay,Roslind Kraus, Fred Orton, Gili Pers, asl Smith and Sarah Wilson, We would aa ke 10 ftpess our considerate grande ro Val Glenn fr her’ week tn tracing oprighthaer and secunng permissions, to Denise Powers fr her connie ‘hon co the typing of our manuscript, to Helen Dore fr metus steton to the task of copyediting and to Jane Raberaan, Manaping Etor for ‘Blackwell Publishes, for Leping the whale projet onthe als A Note on the Presentation and Editing of Texts Where + poblshed dacument was origi given ke, this hs generally Been ‘set for the present publition, in single qustation mark. Tits of Soak re [Bren in talc, Whees specifi ube ncton of «document has been taken, this sublease forthe extract. The te ofthe whole nok ie then sven in be inrooction to that text In the absence of original pubes me Hive gen descriptive headings without quotation marke 'The term “rom Prosedng testis that me hve taken specifi extractor eats From ng fet, without cling to represent the argue! the whole Other texts ae given in thle entey o are edited oss tinct the argumest of the whole ris the sim of this anthology thet should be witeranging. We have therefore peter the couse of including « greater umber of teats of which ‘cera must appar in abeeviaed fom, tthe couse of preseting + small umber hor emt” Tests have Bee vara eed shorten hem 0 ‘mina references which canot be explied within the space valle, and Srhre necessary to preserve the flow of argument. We have provided information Zo the sources for ample versns of all ete texts We have bo ceely Irled where texts have Been sie, The folowing caventons have been sted eroughaut. Suspended points te ued to dene the oem of word pres within 4 seaence, Suspended points within square brakes". ae sed to denote amsions ‘rmison of tore than one puagaph and may denote exckion of complete Sibaiision ofthe oral text. should be noted that a paragraph Yay end tha [2 veer ifthe a sentence of that perapaph ome or i he folowing pra i ome. A prgraph may abo stare thus [=] (Pane for moresntnces athe beginning of that paragraph hate Seen mite, fi 1 previous parsgraph hasbeen emied Note and seterence have infeed where we jue them neery tw the text punted. That shore ea grester proportion of Des nthe ltr ‘Sct afte book i pel! seiunted fr by a ncresingtendeey duro ‘oot on resaraton ay the ner part of the canary for the theory of at to be teed a am scan Subject We have gene svelded the osertion afer oatnoes, but have Supp ese references inthe intodacions to individual teat ‘We have corecedtyposaphicl crore and eros of transcription white we Ise disnered thon tthe antbalogied tery bat otherwie we hase lef ‘Morgner of pancrstion,speling and syle unchanged Introduction “Thea of his book i 0 gui the sant of modern art an the interested gencralteader with a subs apd representative collection of relevant texts Einen from 1 wide saney of autos, The Ierture of moder ae no ‘Soran + mnsive rewurce, bur i 4 resource which presets tsa Probl othe dent who oper o prof by fe The most immediatly cde [tthe i dificly of ace On the one hand the mae development of Src is ben coop business, wo that ie atendat theory has een ‘ended thro» number of diferent lngunes. On the eher the desire foments of that declpment have often een Tesred fom pbc ew, at They to be represen the priate leer or the ephemeral fural ss the rode manifesto othe pened oak. Wha this mais sha forall ee ‘howe equipped bath with considerable linguistic bites and withthe resourets ts jor bear, ody of the lertre of modern art hae neces been Fight elective, That there exits 3 prima fice ease fo a colton Such 36 the prevent ne bas been mae cet fou in Ou own diy nork of teeing {nd writing about ao the modern period. Ke hat asoringy Ber our intention toimpove agosto the Inert of acer at, bth by render the preset ‘mae more generals sabe to suds and by providing Indaton of the ‘ature and locaton of ther relevant pains. ‘OF evure there exit varios specail collections resid 10 patclar, ‘poverents of prin snd To thi extent urs has beh # sk of Stes ‘Neverthe, his heen an ambos underating, andi canst be expected thatthe otcome wil plese al people all ofthe tne, We are svar both that the uals of such an enterprise mast depend evi pon the principles, ‘akton a hur agresmen om sch pipes bythe very mature a he ‘jet hard to secre, Antone serhng to represent the theoreti chat OF toler art must adden tro dict and ineronnected questions. Bow is rodern art tobe defined and ho isthe flo e reane stress To De Siounmerbed To cider he extensive Hes and the extended story of Imodera a i imcapbly to fe the force of guetnes rasedit pracke, fuetone about the deinson of art ec and aut the ines of Jemarestion erwen ar and ha which art ot. Tes als canon qustans abou the ‘onsrucin of Neo ariiven, abou the incerts what sch sates 2 odctn| maybe seen to serve andthe Linde of ecuson which they involv. And, most ‘clingy trom the pot of view of the present projec, sir to canon the {ntenreltionchip Verwecn the one set of qucttone and the ahr Between ‘rblens of definition and problems of histovi! organization. Any history af 2 mutt estblh or usume a frm of definoon of se, while any Binary of ‘modern at mus exablich ar sme 4 definon of modernity. Any adress to ‘hese problems will eve to animate 2 range of questions where to raw the line berwen thovry snd practi, where to divide at fram language or fam erature from pits snd 3008 Modernism and modern art (Our selection i not intended o rene hese problems. On the contrary, we ‘mean to suggest tht aekoovledgement of the opennest of « range of ope ‘vertons is conden of any competent stay of moder at ad of ts theory ‘Bat we cn o let be epic abow our Rizal parameter since these ate lang decided for us by the current sate of acebeoreial debate snd specially by that interest inthe ide ofthe Postadern which Is developed ‘ce thelr 1960 The period we hae aimed ta muve, then, coinies wth the lifespan of Modemism as 4 determining i gradually Jcaing value inthe ‘theory oat We therfore commence wth the end of the nineteenth entry, {caine when moder at mas bing widely advanced a form of dependent ‘altar, etl tering pon the Word secured nt by comnectons af ees Gr of satura, but by rte ofthe very independence ofits vals Art ‘Ss then proposed san exemplary realm. What might be done, sen expec ‘acd within thir ram would fave erica bearing ponte cual condone lsc exten, but only i fra at mana 4 moral dependence fiom dese condition, "This poston, whch cn be explicitly Henied with the rton of Mod crnimm, mat ever t9 go unopposed inthe development of madera. Specie Fail, it was to be maintained in tension with the arian commitments of Reais, acordng which the practice of at costes form af prtpation or itrsenion inthe social proces If this tension wae sonia it 8a ls) ‘bjt to comin adjustment At times during the twentith cety the So pstone appear reconcile At rave moments they sper vraly toc Side These aljstments are ot simply tobe reid tof the appesances of fc however Inthe hatry of modern at such commitment 0 moral sana fom orto intervention in wider for of ail fe have mt alae ocded sth the style forms of practice to shih prpagendiss af ath peruions ve fregently redo reduce them. Such supposed sntesee me Aoutacton' fd “representation have seldom been adegute to the tah of formulating ‘elvan ditintions among the determining comastments of male af, bow ‘er familiar they my fate become inthe Berar sefling erected round ceases 02: Invacuton 3 Should be clear, then that modern et cannot simpy be equated with Moderne. Rather ‘Moserism stands om the one Rand for 2 clater of ional independent sale astcated mith the prictic of moder at and fom the othe for spilt frm of ct rentuon of the moder ar be decisive Tn sying tha we sim to survey the Ierature of moder a daring fhe leapan of Modernism, her, we mein 10 seknowledge he histone Seiflcane of ths stem of Taher apd to st the vende? coming (0 fecopnize and to understand it, We mean alow alovwledge othe positon, Incading thse explicit hose to Movermam bath at practice and repre: For ou present purposes, one sigicat feature of Modernism sa form of representation tha fsrumes crn Lins of tlie betwen art and theory tune b vieuly synonymous with Modest ecm, the development of ‘modern art hs een “imanen to practic’ and ene 4 mater of thers Te flows that theaey must ainaye be ut Hc, either ithe sense ha here ‘orl a wor x hich tempt to alam ands recount tose devslapments hich ‘rctie har aed nied inthe seme that tear ie sapecved a form SF prvleged seg into the pencolog of practic as when the act oles {rerompective acount ofthe tenons behind sme already ached Boy of work “This sa potion ~ indeed an influential frm of theory in isl — which tends wo pegs the ast 5 ungesonable auth, and to coasign thea 0 ‘the apprstun of documentary aieation Bur af course aise 80 nox sways {do wha they Send, nor i what they sy they have done alnaye hat they hve done. From aother perspective representations are aleays bu out a rvlopments wikia an ongoing cll adn’ (Bary Barnes, Ines and ihe Growth of Kwoeleie, London, 197, p19. The functions of representation fre not oe explained interme ofthe itentons fan iia ator rather they cin onl propels Be unertood in terme ofthe objectives of some soa froup. Whether o tt alate aproprte of rearing ss day posible fe view any and ll works of ata presentations in his sense. Ihe meeings ff at ae tm coneived ss forms of soil and hore meaning thee ll Beat eancomitan sia what eames up forthe count a eevant theory. or itvenes we may find oureces paying less heed to aris confessonal” ene and mae tothe ciation of en inthe wild which ther peace Inhabie If hi ot» Relist view of theory, tf at lee Swe which Commensurate with some Rea rsiqas of Mera, Tso far our selection sive the eld af modern art during the crrener oF Modem, the, has seemed appropese to represen he tnionbetceh ‘hese reo wats ofconceting of thers evento esa his tension i or OF ‘iheraions "To speak general tern tthe thor of moder awe wld Seer rer fo Sd of Ste by he oma cao of 4 tnrxcton is tase on an understanding of sore! procs and the unertaning of atonal proces whch i formed by the cal experince of at The toy te hive shmcd to fervent, then, cold te conceived of that Gods of hoa Uhout a hich ho ber indicted unde he conan of this derma By ‘he tame tole, we ould sist that Hf Make sense to concee of Fsodere or other, hen we most be reesing some deamon In'etch this iene hough may be andesod i hora ema Bo Ina epeced a i nce condition of thug ab! 2 Tra meres inthe ie-ganof Madera protided oe isis on whch to comer our etn, ne hve ao ben ort ih the rests proved {your nur predece nthe docimetaton of moder at they. Herschel 1 Chipps Phones af Mod rast pubs in 1968, which st 1 the seni ef Molen or at lent of Moder comieed a8 Shahrcve frm of represen of au ia drm ae Th ot Cy fhwever, that Chip sleon of tet simply refs that autor, Exen wih he bene of hduight his srvey appets rely cabot, ‘That ipey ohy i hs fro lng msntned fs standing a5 an ndapersabe etompanten othe sady of den at anda Rey. Amon the a {nd monet gen tro byChipp were some tha ad been penal ‘mrpnt byte badger o> Mera tater. Tete were “ar omions, wesc mayo hen infos hae aes which he airy Sf the Toy and Bs ns tobe mont oduous in e=lring For example We fave bon alt ent Chipp oul ot om tential recent pion inte fell of Russian ary fom + shake evan ithe atchiarcal thdesning ofthe Sure movement, fom a rev of iret it he imercear deuce om Renan ane, nd; perhaps mos sit ifom he pont fst sifcomcanen tthe hry of Nader ia Rearing the orl sine the oben f hors of Madr the Fido. Whe tere hae een nomerour alton surveying ind Imoverent an inter fo, thee ha een no sisted Ateneo ‘even ie netecmahscentury Ieetr of ase. mallnnn exten rial conc mit ean important function 9 uch an energie {av enteprse this et soy, chs the preset on ~ that Whe one Sn rderedaevun ofthe recent pst seven ao ere the eater history thd west snow ight onto chunceri tomes I as rng Ben out Zim bth to reese te teme f efrace so vich tected tes of fcvane tos oa place te svi ys af thi conus ad extend {he surveying o thse debts from the poner stent up 10 the preven. ‘This woul ungusionty have een very diferent and ery mech more Semunng ta nha the aces evahshed ty Chinn pneenng Wo Obscurity and the sense of practice Consideration of the problem of ace to the Metre af moder at ha ed ston dscuson afte condoms of oe seletion The render’ apeoach Irsaditon 5 this erature will normally nol sfrter problem not conned tothe Fist the problem of abacus. The erature of moder ati By no mets unfrmly dif to understand, but mucho tb Obcuity ca scaly be deliberate, or at fat ican sirens follow fom the refi specie concepts and requirement of ratnaly by atte aod thei supporters a= hich maybe 5a the sume thing ~ rom a termined tempt conserie Tanguoge tothe purposes of art A more general ren for dificay, however, is that notwithstanding is engagement with histor themes and sue, the evelopment of modern ar an eon bighy spied uses, For all the dam to immediacy and univers of expenion which hve accompanied thar devlopment, the dingusingeapeince ofthe morn ae ha Ben in large part an experince of techie problems snd posit, ‘The problem ofthe cba of ar-heoretil tex thus not one which on improving his collection, te, to bring it upto the fashionable standard Sf the moment, forces the calico to be always cling, to become the Shameficed dele, whois, ofcourse, the mast shancls, and ho introduces imo + commerce already chute. The esl ers but only dealers, people who ple the tres one above the oer, del exclusively o limos exchsivey, with exch ter, and have na connection with thera public Stati, showing how ew fre the hands to which the semense artic wealth ofthe world confined, ‘ould rake sensation. A great London dealer once told me that he ad oly three customers! Durand-Rorl of Pers, hs several times had certain fous Impresoei pictures n is posession at prgreive price ng some 1000 per cen eich ime, andthe porches ave offen Ben the se persons on Ree econ Such conditions reduce the asteic usefulness of 4 work to» minimum. Pctres Become securities, hich ane hep Toke up like papers Ever the fndided the owner, ces t ejoy his pouewion. Nine-enthr of the most precious French pittes ae Let for nineenhs of the yar in magnificent es, to potct them from dost. Sales ae fected as on the Bourse, and ‘ecilition plays sn important pat inthe opeions. ‘The goede are accel) Sen, even atthe sale A type but by no mens unique, example alfoded by the late Forbes election It consisted of T forget how mans hundsels ot ‘hounds of pictures. ‘To howe them, the owner rented the upper srey of fone of the largest Landon alway station, vast storehouses, tut all 00 ‘Sreumscnted to low ofthe Rapping of the pctures. The tod in huge stacks "gain the walls one behing the other: he Ise, Manes, and Mises were {ote coumed by hundreds, the French masters of 1880 by dozens thre were ‘aguste eames of Milt, Cort, Debigy, Coutbet, dy and While 1s Cassis ad Ogalty 57 Although the stacks of pictures were held up by muscle servants, the Enjoyment of shee trearres ata rinedoudy exhausting phy races ‘One walled between leurs one fl capable of making cay ovr then! [After five minutes inthe musy atmosphere, goed bythe idiot imple to See as uch a psbl, andthe iting cnscloanes that twa impossible {© rasp anything. every beter istint war fled by an inference thet, {uence all poner of apreciion, ‘The deny calm tne broke in upon, ab ne wold seating rough thew bar ganic ums ubere thee was no ace to tar, the whiting ofthe engines, the trembling ofthe flor te the tse fn in and ot below, seemed fo inspire Kind of strange fay, «set aging {o-destoy the whale a. ‘Who mould be the loser if shi were acral done? Hf anything coud justly anarchism it she knowledge thatthe ests artist i in por, o enable 4 Tew dealers to grow rch after their deaths, and + Tew fans to hoard heir Wott in warehouses "The mot ootrou vcs ae oso roe rains this mania for hoding, which ening eo apparent nnocousnes, has Pat Jet been recognised s'malady All the fant callctors of Pry Londen, nd America te mote ols tained with this dna. We eter thr bowel {a of eager anion, and quit thm with sgh of ree, half sfecated ‘by the pictures that cover every inch of walhspce and why depeaed nt by a fling of envy, but by the thought eat there are people who bane ‘olunariy aceped the tout of spending thet Lines among al these thing. Even ia wiser eno shoud improve the conibons we fave dsrbed, ic wil never be posible to induce 4 beter apprectian of at by commer ‘mein. Hence athe fine iets of “ppult ae domed to remain mere ‘reams, eis materi impouibe to produce pure works a rt a pce that Wil ng them within the mens of themes: [1 ut “The Gvelling-touse of today ha lott formal relation to the age. Save fer ‘on-socal rt comicetons, which expres themives in Eran com fore and inthe employment of apse tothe bet advatae tthe tlc of cohesion with our ne. Contrary to he age a former tins, our aphre of fevon is now generally outside our hows‘ action halt hs change no les tan i fil; mental efloe tends more ad tore to take the pace of Dysleal exeron. The men whose acti ie most prolife in these ye tht 5, whose wis have the stronger influence upon production, we thei Hae muscles the les. The itlecaal spparats accordingly requ cre and Protection i its Kes “The dwelling fas become a pice of cecuperton, and this determine the ‘character ofthe busy man's damic ‘A ples of recuperation, out dwellings ave, a fact, became beter adapted fora element and even for tsa wore a: We ny for he ment 158 The Legacy of Sots set side the dina fst tha the pre work of ai generally the ony at thing inthe hous, and ite without relation to all he zest. Such conigons ‘nly mate the more ett man snot to renounce every oie slat ftom without, Bur the workin the hose ro Reve any nec, condos ‘ofr removed from tone of he eres vehi of aK must be subordinated te these new conditions Te not the chief ober that draws us to the place “nuning it an the case of 3 maseum; me do aot approach st wih the ‘Sevoumens ofthe oul this for mye rapture, 45 formerly in a church Cnt the easntal in this modern syne, ad » pietre tat disturbs ue seme of welring i ceaely out of place 2 Bou "This seme of conor cerinly ot to be stsfed merely by anise ulin The sery orks tat mae the deepest impresion upon ws, ae lest, Sapte 0 dameste combination, becane the tenis value ha muah pom Satcacton, peeseat i them informs unsuitable to our four walls © Dundred prepositions. ‘There ae chings one admires, and others one wishes to poste ‘That which desde berween them r+ whole word, and mot» Bnd tf Ryne, which eaches wt ve with certain sation, Beenie they demand Inelcaa efoesnd sci, "Ar unde such conditions cae tobe dvig she iso longer the enchantet smh brings mento thei knees before het, Du rather get ite housewife, ‘ho srrounds sit ender atentions, abd eaperly produces he sorta nes hat wll diated people afer day's wor ‘Such a faction i beneath the dignity of at She could mot accep it if he sna to fomin what abe a been I the part. aid not embrace her whole Eman Blogs by right to wire 2 Te Hehe oes of a change, at tel must chang, 1 canot have the pace requ becomes mello. IF stands alone, pres. To esi oor ari requirement to astict ping and eure falls of ‘he tame order a that ofthe madman inthe ale eho wished tha vesting te vouched might ten to gold Abstract at holiday delight. We ae oot # ‘ce of plewsureseelers, and we ae proud to sty so. Our mow rational Ke fo divide, not wealth but work, to see ap es then thee wil be no drones when every one wil ear Nawal for the cormon good Isic # sae the mate wil cette w For what hen do atts create, pending what is generally the posthumous ‘Stesunmaton~ har scteation of thts work dseied sore! ‘Some for am uataiabl object, every step towards which s marked by tea and blood, sn idea tht can oly be dererbed in somewhat metaphyseal ‘etre the suction as sonslnce tit has no eaton to etineigS, ‘a mera smbitan,grandione and ¢xing in comsious deermiation, int consent elfr towards the csv gol, amuring in the unconsciousness Sth which i acieer reste shat mou acem onl) pus to he ot Seeman tol Creston forthe sake of erestion 1a Cassin and Origratty 59 A farsecing ideas sustains them, the hope that they wil succeed in ving 4 new frm af beauty” blind optim eae them, even when mort eget fo ble tthe wil be appected by somes tat some ll share the tom Joye they have disovered And hen the funy of such hope is demonstrated, then they ace their works posed over, on, nose sil, Doug By purchases ‘tho have nove of the inmate dlgh in ther creations on which they Aad “Counted hey withenw nto temeles and the frst work. ‘Sometines tht which appears them i ther confide sree their srewest wrk, is recognized bythe enlgbened at hs, and becomes ap ternal posession, lasting element in afer generaos of ass, in mhose orks Tver nance frm, completed by new achievement. Tt putes into te artic Ieitage ofthe ation, and Gal ly parton national eleare. Other sot tthe selAoeledge at fat, bt that hc lent the iteligence fal shore. Ther numer preponderance sso get that the completly cod fut the fe, andthe limited demand ofthe pb for ptres supplied almost chsively by them. suppose tht vo every thousand puters the ane css ‘here tno more than one ofthe eter. Imgine sich «proportion fo any eer Eling! The att can molead the pubic mare cul than an + man of 2 ‘ther profession, for setting aside the afinity of the her forall tht Super, + sect of flo serous the painter he profits by 2 nimber of inaiuons very fvoursbe to mediocrity, which ve & cern importance 10 the mater a sch and are realy turned to account bythe ado Foremost mong thae i the ar-exhbion, an insituton of thoroughly ‘bourgeois nature, due to the senseless amenity ofthe aie outa and he consguent urgency of showing regulary what as been accomplished in the Year This ination maybe cnondred the mest mpetant attic medium of 1 auesce inthe stem, becuse if they held alo, thei ast means or exprenson would be denied them They want, a let oI thei mor Be fen, apd Se ie chess, chen among that a thoaknd wher. ever oe 3 Tew month, even under barbaric conditions, What becomes of i ser the ‘thibition inferent to tem en enough if he ptre Flt purpene 2 the exhibition, ata attention, i disused bythe ere, aed, petaps, ‘hen this the cumnaing neon revives a me. To secre these rest in tompertion with the thouunde who are bent on the sume end it shove al things necsay tha pre shuld hae certain ‘lies chat dtnguish i from thers tthe att Bold ough, hemes ‘very Large, ora al events very inset, tha t my re the ep, even ‘rly han Tr i obmous that under such conditions the purpose achive by competion {in her domaine ha of prosring the tcetion ofthe best ~ can never be failed Avaric of those bse impulses, whch mays urge onthe compact ‘ory against the ltr individu, play their part inthe rsa. Rarely, Inde, has «genus been brought to hgh tough these chance The reste tiga oid these exchangen and even the amateur des nt frequent them, since guacty ot the oly thing be ever 60 The Legacy of Symbols “The remant of antic sensible that lingers in our age bis fi 9 be systematically ened ov by these eins IF perehabe any ofthe pata arcks that howe them should survive for poner, they il be moe ‘anaing tow than ay ther ree. There wil be prams who wl go thoogh ‘hese ales in the sprit hich we vist raed cases ad the Pay ‘ctrehons wl be them like gsm inuruments of trae Pcre once hang on these Boks. "This the end ofthe Rstry of pictures We have, a let the comfort of owing that we can snk no hwer, Once the spmtal of the helio faxing reverence n the church an sanding above mankind ike the Divinity el, the pcture bar become ibe diversion ofan ile moment; the chreh i row 2 teodh in fu the worhipes of old are Givalan caterers 10 Giorgio de Chirico (1888-1978) ‘Mystery and Creation’ Artoigh of a alan lay, de Co wae Glek by beth 24 uring, wh « ence analy wh Be Cassa hartage He sed Muh wee as ‘traced tothe pabng of Beelin an Ringe ar he peay of Senopemauer Sedietsche Pars om 191 to be aubes wa fe developed Mets Banting» seieoncouay eng pe of pcre clay erg Tren fms of ‘terran, Te preset tet wos wren dng sone an Bele hr fo tay 1915, twas tt ples by Ane Breton fh Suess ad Pang Paris 1928. The pest von fake rm the London Bale an organ te Sureatst moverent m End, 6, tuber 1838, 614 “To become truly immortal» work of art mst eicape all human ints: loge nd ommon see wil only interfere. But once thse aries are ran twill ‘rer the repons of ehidhood ison and dream, Profound sestements must be daw by teats rom the most sere recesses oF his eng there po murmuring tere, bo ido, no ras of faves ean Sirti ‘What | fear i alc; only what Uae ing, ad when I ose my ees my ion even more power eis most important that we should id art of all hat it has conned of recpicabe mateal to dst al fait subject mater, all aitina eas, Poplar symbols most be anishedforhwith ore impertatstil, we mus FU enormous thin ounlven i ential hi the revestion we rece, the conception ofan image which embraces certain hing, whieh so sen Im sel which hat no ub, wbich means abou mtn rom the lage Pint of ew, eps, een Ua sucha fevelaton ar conception should ‘peak rng inom evoke ch apory or jo, ha we fee! compeled 10 in, compala by ap impulse even more argent than the hungry desperation ‘hich dives 4 man to rexing a lee of bread lke a seage beat. Taemerber one iid mers day a Vere Senor and en reigned sopra Evetbing peel st me with mutes, questing eye, And the 16 Cassciom ard Origa 6 ened tha every core ofthe palace, every calumn very window posed et, an impenetrable soul | lohed sound tthe mare heroes, Moco isthe acids, beneath the Foren ipsa that winter sim which pours down ‘swt foe ke perfect song. 8 hind was warbling in 2 window cape hat moment Ife aware ofthe mystery which urges mento creat esa ange forms. And the creation speared more exracrinary than the eats. Perhaps the most ameingsematon passed om tous y preitrie man ‘of presentment I wil anys continue, We might consider it 5a cereal ‘ofthe iratonaiy of the universe. Original man must have wandered rough 4 rid ful af uncany sign He moat have trembled a ich ep. Is Expression and the Primitive 1 August Endelt (1871-1925) “The Beauty of Form and Decorative Art Edel was an architect and dese asocited wih the Jugend tendency. n ‘wetgs plied n Mancha ten ote Coty Re adared ie ea ina ses by eng wi rae wich wuld bt abst ang exresse ‘Th rset essay was orgy pushed Deboratve Karst, Mach 18978, Toei 119-25 he rans ake am Tad © Benn ad. Sar ed), Fem ans Freon, Lowa, 1975. Inthe ever more vehement seating for new ss in architecture and spi sand inthe nem, orignal tnd independent syle of decoration, the dona ‘tathing oles ofthe caus canbe heard. Prom the diy beh of ther Crperence, hey smile down sympatetally upon the fash expt of ther Fomors aod sil remain ready to show to the gncal poli the only path of teuth,"The teach ur that there can be no new form, that all poses hae been exhausted inthe sls ofthe pas, and tat alates a india ‘oid are of old forms It even exten to sling the pul elecin of the lt deades the em se "To those with undersenng, this dspondency is simply luphable. For they can clerly se, thst we ate nat only atthe Doping of 4 new slic phase, bt a he sme time onthe thes ofthe development of x completly me Art An AR with forms which signi othing, represent nothing and remind {eof ating, nhc rove our tus ax deny tnd strong) 5 msi Bet tease teen tle to do “The barbarian finds our music distaste caure and education ate necessary for i fl apprecition Appreciation af vl frm iso amehing that ms ‘be scquied: We must ler to see snd realy immerse cree form. We ius cover how to se aur eyes Te may well be that man has for Tog sme

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