LIST OF FORMULA

INTERVAL ESTIMATION FOR ONE POPULATION

1. x z x z
2 n 2 n

s s
2. x z x z
2 n 2 n

s s
3. x t x t where v = n 1
2 n 2 n
, ,

pq
pq
4. p z p p z where q 1 p
2 n 2 n

INTERVAL ESTIMATION FOR TWO POPULATIONS

2 2 2 2
1. x1 x2 z 1
2
1 2 x1 x2 z 1 2
2 n1 n2 n1 n2
2

s2 s2 s2 s2
2. x1 x2 z 1
1 2 x1 x2 z 1 2
2

2 n1 n2 n1 n2
2

s2 s2 s2 s2
3. x1 x2 t , p
1 2 x1 x2 t
p p

p
where
n1 n2 , n n2
2
2
1
n1 1 s12 n2 1 s22
s 2p and v = n1 n2 2
n1 n2 2

s2 s2 s2 s2
4. x1 x2 t ,
1
2 1 2 x1 x2 t 1 2 where
2 n1 n2 ,
2 n1 n2
v = n1 n2 2 .

p1q1 p 2 q2 p1q1 p 2 q2
5. ( p1 p 2 ) z p1 p2 ( p1 p 2 ) z
2 n1 n2 2 n1 n2

1
HYPOTHESIS TESTING FOR ONE POPULATION

x
1. Statistical test: z
/ n

x
2. Statistical test: z
s/ n

x
3. Statistical test: t where n 1
s n

p p
4. Statistical test: z where q 1 p
pq n

HYPOTHESIS TESTING FOR TWO POPULATIONS

( x1 x2 ) ( 1 2 )
1. Statistical test: z
12 n1 22 n2

( x1 x2 ) ( 1 2 )
2. Statistical test: z
s12 n1 s22 n2

3.
x x 1 2
Statistical test: t 1 2 where s 2

n1 1 s12 n2 1 s22
n1 n2 2
p
s 2p n1 s 2p n2
and n1 n2 2

x1 x2 1 2
4. Statistical test: t and n1 n2 2
s12 n1 s22 n2

d d
5. Statistical test: t where n 1
sd / n

6. Statistical test: z
p 1 p 2 p1 p2
p 1q1 n1 p 2 q 2 n2

2
ONE WAY ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

xi 2 xij 2
SSA = ni xi x SSA =
2
or
ni n

xi 2
SSE = ni 1 si2 or SSE = xij
2

ni

x 2

x SST = x
2
nx 2 2 ij
SST = ij
or ij
n

TWO WAYS ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

xi 2 xij 2
SSA = b xi xij SSA =
2
or
b ab

x j 2 xij 2
ax xij SSB =
2
SSB = j or
a ab

x 2

SST = x abx SST = x

2 2 2 ij
ij or ij
n

SSE = SST SSA SSB.

CHI-SQUARE TEST

1. Test for the goodness of fit:

Oi Ei
2

Statistical test: 2
where k m 1 and Ei nPi
Ei

2. Test for independence:

O Eij
2

Statistical test: where a 1 b 1

2 ij

Eij
Bi L j
and Eij
n

3
REGRESSION AND CORRELATION ANALYSIS

1. Sample regression equation: y b0 b1 x

S xy
Slope regression coefficient, b1
S xx

Intercept regression coefficient, b0 y b1 x

x 2

x 2 i
2. S xx i
n
y 2

y 2 i
S yy i
n
x y
S xy x y i i
n
S xy2
3. Determination coefficient, r 2
S xx S yy

S yy b1 S xy
4. Estimated standard error, s e
n2

5. Statistical test for the regression parameter, 1 :

b1 1
t with v = n 2
2
s e

S xx
S xy
6. Pearson correlation coefficient, r
S xx S yy

7. Statistical test for the correlation parameter, :

n2
tr where v = n 2
1 r2