ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTY OF SOLANUM PLANTS

Solanum aculeastrum. Dunal (Solanaceae) is used in traditional medicine

to treat various human and animal diseases, specifically stomach disorders and

various cancers, in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. The fruit and leaf extracts of

this plant were investigated for in vitro. antimicrobial activity against 10 selected

bacterial and 5 fungal strains. The methanolic extracts of both the fruits and the

leaves showed appreciable activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative

bacteria ranging from 4.0 to 10.0 mg/ml. Whereas the methanol extracts were the

most active material, the water extracts showed the least activity against the

bacteria. The methanol extracts were particularly inhibitory to the growth of the

fungi with percentage inhibition ranging from 60.26% to 100% and 56.0% to

100% on Aspergillus flavus. and Pencillium notatum., respectively. The acetone

extracts were active against Aspergillus flavus. (100%) and Pencillium notatum.

(64.81%), and the water extract of the fruit significantly inhibited the growth of P.

notatum. (69.89%). The most resistant organisms were Aspergillus niger,

Candida albicans., and Fusarium oxysporum(S. Koduru, 2006).

Acetone, methanol and water extracts from the leaves of Solanum

tomentosum were investigated for their antimicrobial activities. Growth inhibition

was determined using agar dilution assays against ten selected bacterial and

three fungal species. Acetone and methanol extracts were active against the

Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria at a concentration of 5 mg/ml. None

of the extracts inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus , Escherichia coli ,

Klebsiella pneumonae and Penicillium notatum . The activities of the extracts on

the test fungi were generally low. Methanol extracts was particularly suppressive

to the growth of fungi with inhibitory percentage ranging from 47.22 to 50.56% on

Aspergillus niger and Fusarium oxysporum(Aliero, A.A., 2006).

In this study, aqueous methanol and n-butanol extracts of aerial parts of

Solanum trilobatum L. (Solanaceae) were tested for antimicrobial activity by disc

diffusion method. From the results, it was found that extracts from leaves,

flowers, stem and fruits revealed antimicrobial activity against Gram (+) and

Gram (-) bacteria. Maximal antibacterial activity was seen against Klebsiella with

aqueous extract whereas methanol extract of stem showed maximal activity

against Staphylococcus aureus. The

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) exhibited by S. trilobatum aqueous

extracts against tested organisms ranged between 0.06-0.5 mg/ml. Presence of

tannins, saponins, flavanoides, phenolic

compounds, cardiac glycosides and carbohydrates indicates S. trilobatum, is one

of the potential medicinal plant for therapeutic use(Latha, K Kannabiran).

The fruits of Solanum incanum Linnaeus are extensively used in Kenya for

the treatment of cutaneous mycotic infections and other pathological conditions.

The therapeutic activity of the berries has been attributed to their content of

solanine and related glycoalkaloids, which are saponins and cytostatic poisons.

In the present study, however, a simpler more potent antimicrobial substance

with a phosphorylated structure similar to the purine adenine was isolated from

the berries. The crystals of this compound were effective inhibitors of the growth

of gram-positive and -negative bacteria, yeasts, dermatophytes, and some

pathogens of agricultural produce. High concentrations of the substance caused

hemolysis of erythrocytes(V. Beaman-Mbaya ).

The main aim of this study was to find a new natural, non toxic, effective

antibiotic from plant extract. In the present study, Solanum torvum (Sundakai)

was selected. The antibacterial activity of different extracts of Solanum torvum

(Sundakai) fruit coat was studied in vitro against human pathogenic strains. The

Water Extract (WE) and Ethanol Water Extract (EWE) was found to be effective

against all bacterial strains and inhibition is comparable to that of commercial

antibiotics, choramphenicol and streptomycin. Initial screening of antibacterial

activity was done by disc diffusion method in Nutrient agar medium. Minimum

inhibition concentration was done serial dilution method. The MIC values of the

Water Extract (WE), Ethanol Water Extract (EWE) and Ethanol Extract (EE)

ranged from 9.6 to 19.2 g mL-1. It was observed that there was a correlation

between the amounts of polyphenols and flavonoids content and effective

antibacterial activities of the inhibited extracts. These results indicate that

Sundakai coat may be yet an another source of natural antibiotic. Further, this

study reaffirms the ethanomedicinal property of S. torvum plant (M. Sivapriya).

Phytochemical constituents, functional group identification and antimicrobial

activity of ethanolic extract of Solanum nigrum were investigated. The

phytochemical screening of the crude extract revealed the presence of alkaloids,

reducing sugars, tannis, flavonoids, Phlobatannis, and steriods. The extract were

subjected for identification of functional groups using infra red

spectrophotometer, presence of C=O, C-H, C=C and C-O were identified,

these bonding structures are responsible for presence of alkyl groups, methyl

groups, alcohols, ethers, esters, carboxylic acid and anhydrides. And the crude

ethanolic extract of Solanum nigrum were assayed for in vitro antimicrobial

activity against gram positive and gram negative bacteria and they were also

subjected for antifungal activity and the zone of inhibition were compared with

control drug Penicillin and Nystatin. Staphylococcus aureus as the most sensitive

strains exhibited maximum zone of inhibition about 25.7mm among gram positive

organism tested. Escherichia coli exhibits 30.1mm zone than that of standard

penicillin positive control. Trichophyton mentagrophytes exhibits maximum zone

of inhibition of about 26.1mm among the tested fungal species (D.Venkatesan).

reference

Antimicrobial Activity of Solanum aculeastrum.

2006, Vol. 44, No. 4 , Pages 283-286

S. Koduru, D.S. Grierson and A.J. Afolayan

Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa

Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa, +27 40

6022323, +27 40 6022323 aafolayan@ufh.ac.za

Title: Antimicrobial activity of Solanum tomentosum

Authors: Aliero, A.A.

Afolayan, A.J.

Keywords: Solanum tomentosum, Solanaceae, antimicrobial, antibacterial,

antifungal.

Issue Date: 31-Dec-2006

Publisher: Academic Journals

Antimicrobial activity and phytochemicals of Solanum trilobatum Linn.

PS Latha, K Kannabiran

Antibiotic Action of Solanum incanum Linnaeus

V. Beaman-Mbaya and S. I. Muhammed1

*
Department of Biochemistry and Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology,

University of Nairobi, Chiromo-Nairobi, Kenya

1
Present address: Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine,

Pahlavi University, Shiraz, Iran.

Antibacterial Activity of Different Extracts of Sundakai (Solanum torvum)

Fruit Coat

M. Sivapriya, R. Dinesha, R. Harsha, S.S.T. Gowda and L. Srinivas

ABSTRACT

Studies on Phytochemical constituents, Functional Group Identification

and Antimicrobial Activity of Solanum nigrum (Solanaceae)

*D.Venkatesan1; C.M. Karrunakaran2; S. Selva kumar3

*1
Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Bharath University, Chennai
Tamil Nadu, India. Pin-600 073. Phone 91- 09003543949
2
Dean-Research, Bharath University, Chennai Tamil Nadu, India. Pin-600 073,

Phone 91-09443256172. E mail:c.m.karrunakaran@gmail.com

3
Lecturer, Bharath University, Chennai Tamil Nadu, India. Pin-600 073, Phone 91-

09790956401. E mail: selvakumarmss@yahoo.com

*Corresponding author: venkat_micro@sify.com

Issued 01 December, 2009