Authority

(Formal Position)

Legitimate position power of dependence

Reward Authority Coercive Authority

(Needs Based) (Threat-Based)

Reward Power Coercive Power

(Positive Reinforcement) (Negative Reinforcement)
"Here's what I can give you." "Here's the trouble I can cause you."

Positive Negative Threats Violence

(Offer) (Deny) Intimidate Punish
Grant freedom Takeaway freedom

Resources
Impersonal Personal Impersonal Personal Impersonal Personal Impersona Personal
l

Referent Social Emotional

Expert

Informational Technical Social

 Resources

Reward Authority

Positive Negative
Grant access Withhold access

Personal Reward

Impersonal Reward

Coercive Authority
(Physical & Positional)

Threats Punishment

Personal Coercion

Impersonal Coercion

Referent Authority
 Positive Referent Negative Referent

Social

Emotional

Coercive Authority
(Emotional)

Expert Authority

Positive Expert Negative Expert

Coercive Power
(Informational)

Informational Power

Positive Negative

Technical

Social