COMMUNITY & PUBLIC HEALTH Rectal lining is more susceptible

LABORATORY FINAL REVIEWER to HIV infection than Vaginal

Lining because of fragility and
HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus abundances of cells targeted by
AIDS Acquired Immunodeficiency HIV in that area.
Syndrome
GRID Gay Related Immunodeficiency Effective Ways to Avoid HIV
Common Modes of Transmission: Infection

Vaginal Sexual Intercourse Abstaining from sex.

Anal Sexual Intercourse
Intravenous Blood Exposure by
Sharing Needles
Less Common Modes of
Transmission:
Contaminated Blood
Transfusions
From a mother to child before or
during childbirth
Through breastfeeding
Viral Presence in Body Fluids
Semen
Vaginal Fluid
Rectal Fluid
Breast Milk
Woman Transmission - HIV enter
through the 1. Tear or 2. Direct
Penetration
Men Transmission HIV enter
through the 1. Urethra (Opening the
tip of the penis) or 2. Inner Foreskin
Tissue (Open source of the Penis)
Anal Sexual Intercourse the
highest risk for HIV transmission of
any form of insertive sex. (HIV-
Infected Insertive Partner) HIV enter
through the thin lining of the rectum.
(HIV-Infected receiving partner) HIV
enter through the Urethra, Foreskin
Tissue (Uncircumcised Patients), Open
Sores (Caused Syphilis or Herpes
Infection).
Using Latex Condoms, helps to
prevent the exposure of an
uninfected partner.
Other ways to prevent HIV
Transmission
Treating STDS open sores;
kangdroid and syphilis
Antiretroviral Therapy - reduced
the risk of transmission (Lowers
96% of Transmission)
Microbicides To Prevent HIV
Infection Creating a physical
barrier
Post-Exposure Prophylaxis
Prevent the replication and
spread of HIV. 72 hours after
exposure to HIV before the virus
begins to rapidly replicate. NOT
100% Effective
Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis
combination two antiretroviral
drug. Once a day. (Lowers 44%
of Transmission) used with using
condom during sex.
HIV Transmission via
Contaminated Drug Equipment
Reusing Syringes
Water
Bottle Caps, Spoons
Cottons
Human Immunodeficiency Virus,
an infection that damages the immune
system over time and causes AIDS.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Meningitis. Inflammation of the
Syndrome, the final stage of an HIV tissues covering the brain and
Infection, when the immune system in spinal cord
damage and too weak to fight off Encephalitis. Inflammation of
ordinary infections. the brain.
Respiratory Illnesses.
Pathogen can cause infections, and
the white blood cells are part of body Pneumonia & tuberculosis.
defences. Intestinal Illnesses. Chronic
Diarrhea caused by infectious
Helper T Lymphocytes/Helper T parasites.
Cells, strengthen the immune Cancer. Kaposis Sarcoma &
systems response to infection in two Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma.
ways:
Antiretroviral Medication, drugs
1. Release chemicals to attract that can reduce the amount of HIV in
other White Blood Cells to the the body. Drugs prevent the creation,
site of the infection. assembly, and spread of new viruses.
2. Release chemicals to cause Doesnt completely remove HIV from
other White Blood Cells to the body but slows it down enough to
multiply. New WBC create enable the immune system to fight
markers called antibodies, infections.
which can identify the same
foreign invader throughout the Entry/Fusion Inhibitors. Disrupts
body. Antibodies attach to the the HIV infection process by
pathogen to mark as the target preventing the virus from
to destroy. attaching to the cells.
Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
HIV, infect and kill white blood cells. It Protease Inhibitors
enters Helper T cells, primary target.
Integrase Inhibitors
Inside the T-Cell, Virus will make
copies of itself. When the virus are Highly Active Antiretroviral
done multiplying, they leave the Therapy/HAART. Combination of
damaged Helper T Cell to infect antiretroviral drugs.
another Helper T Cell. The T-Cell loses
its ability to protect the body from the Regular Blood Test. monitor the
ongoing infection and dies. effectiveness of the medication in
controlling HIV. If the number of Helper
Opportunistic Infection, Other types T-Cells is high enough in the blood
of infections are able to take sample, the medication is working.
advantage of the bodys inability to
defend itself. Opportunistic Infection Treatment.
Medications specific for each type of
HIV + Opportunistic Infections = infection.
AIDS
Antibiotic. Pneumonia or
Some of Opportunistic Infections: Tuberculosis
Avoid HIV Infection Through:
 Know HIV status and partners Use latex condoms
status Avoid injectable illegal drug or
Avoid vaginal and anal sex shared needles
Limit sex to one uninfected Avoid intoxication from drugs
partner and alcohol