National Instruments LabVIEW:
Ultimate Software for Engineering Education
Olfa Boubaker
National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, Tunis, Tunisia
Abstract - National Instruments LabVIEW is considered,
nowadays, as the most professional software, among others,
for data acquisition, data analysis, real time and remote
control. This paper presents, in details, the key motivations for
the use of such virtual reality programming environment by
many prestigious universities and explains the main
reflections on how this software gives a valuable application
for engineering training. A bibliographical review of
numerous applications in a general framework of engineering
education will be presented and classified according to
different engineering disciplines. Several experiences dealing
with remote control laboratories are also summarized with
emphasis on the practical design implementation. The trends
of introducing a course within the new curriculum of the
National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology at
Tunisia, aiming to improve the technical skills of engineering
students and enhance their recruitment criteria, will be finally
addressed.
Keywords: Engineering education, LabVIEW software,
LabVIEW hardware, virtual reality, web-based remote
control.
1 Introduction
The evolution of engineering education is related to
advances on technology, theoretical design methods and their
real-time implementation [1]. It is also important to note that
the evolution of the engineering theory is closely related to the
engineering education [2]. The next generations of students
must then receive the scientific and pedagogical supports
required to verify conventional techniques, develop new tools
and verify their real implementation. Computing and
communication technologies are useful tools to improve such
educational strategies. They can provide to the engineering
education system a significant impact. However, the quick
rate of change in the fields of technology poses particular
problems for engineering institutions. Customized engineering
test systems have in many times a number of limitations such
as inflexible and unfriendly programming structure, excessive
cost, hardware limitations, and incompatibility issues [3]. To
realize more efficient and more user-friendly systems without
using very costly custom-written software and tools, the key
solution is to integrate in engineering institutions virtual and
remote laboratories [4].
National Instruments LabVIEW software/ hardware
is considered nowadays as the most efficient programming
environment, among others, for virtual reality model design,
data acquisition, data analysis, instrument control and also
web-based remote control. Assuming that the most of the
engineering problems deal with physical variables such as
temperature, speed, position, current, voltage, pressure, force,
torque... LabVIEW software with its suitable of data
acquisition system gives us a visual look to all these quantities
[5]-[6]. Furthermore, most of experiences can be made
available to the remote area user via Internet link or satellite
link [7].
This paper presents the key motivations for the use of
that system and explains, in details, the main reflections on
how such software/hardware environment gives an effective
and efficient application for engineering training.
The paper will be organized as follows: In the second section
LabVIEW software/Hardware environment will be presented.
A bibliographical review of different applications using
LabVIEW programming environment in a general framework
of engineering education will be presented and classified
according to different disciplines in the third section. The
trends and the perspectives of introducing a course within the
new curriculum of the National Institute of Applied Sciences
and Technology (Tunisia) aiming to prepare students to be
National Instruments certified will be finally addressed in the
section IV.
2 Software/Hardware Environment
LabVIEW system is a data acquisition and
programming environment that allows flexible acquisition and
processing of analog and digital data [8]. The LabVIEW
environment [9] contains a wide-ranging set of tools for
acquiring, analyzing, displaying, and storing data. LabVIEW
software can be used to communicate with hardware devices
such as data acquisition, vision, motion control devices,
GPIB, PXI, VXI, RS-232, and RS-484 devices. LabVIEW
has also built-in features for connecting applications to the
Web using the LabVIEW Web Server and software standards
such as TCP/IP networking and ActiveX.
The main characteristic that distinguishes LabVIEW
from other data acquisition programs is its highly modular
graphical programming language, "G," and a great library of
functions [8].
 LabVIEW environment is famous for its flexibility,
reusability, self-documentation modularity, multi-platform
portability, and compatibility with existing code and with
different interface hardware [3]. LabVIEW software is
distinguished by its extendible libraries and its multi-
advanced debugging features. It is also characterized by an
intuitive Graphical User Interface (GUI) and Multimedia
capabilities for future developments. Furthermore, it is
possible to create stand-alone executables and share libraries.
2.1 LabVIEW Software
LabVIEW programs [9]-[13] are called virtual
instruments (VIs) because their appearance and operation
imitate physical instruments. A LabVIEW virtual instrument
consists of a front panel which is considered as a user
interface, a block diagram which is considered as a LabVIEW
program and a connector pane which is a set of terminals on
the icon that corresponds to the controls and indicators of a
VI, similar to the parameter list of a function call in text-based
programming languages (see Fig.1).
In the front panel, the user can insert the inputs (sliders,
knobs, values entered from the keyboard, push buttons,
selector switches) and the outputs (indicators, LEDs, graphs,
strip charts, sounds). The Controls palette contains the
controls and indicators used to create the front panel. Block
diagrams integrate terminals, subVIs, functions, constants,
structures, and wires, which transfer data among other block
diagram objects. Nodes are objects on the block diagram that
have inputs and/or outputs and perform operations when a VI
runs. Nodes can be functions, subVIs, or structures. A subVI
is similar to a function in a text-based programming language.
Every VI displays an icon in the upper right corner of the
front panel window and block diagram window [9]. The
Functions palette contains the VIs, functions and constants
used to create the block diagram.
The most common execution structures are While
Loops, For Loops and Case Structures which can be used to
run the same section of code multiple times or to execute a
different section of code based on some condition. LabVIEW
has other, more advanced types of execution structures such
as Event Structures used to handle interrupt driven tasks and
sequence structures used to force execution order. Shift
registers are used in loops to pass values from previous
iterations through the loop to the next iteration. Tunnels are
used to feed data into and out of structures. In LabVIEW
software, it is helpful to group data in arrays and clusters.
Arrays mix data of the same data type into one data structure,
and clusters join data of multiple data types into one data
structure. The progress of data from side to side the nodes
determines the execution order of the VIs and functions on the
block diagram. LabVIEW programs follow a dataflow model
for running VIs. A block diagram node executes when it
receives all required inputs. LabVIEW contains some
powerful debugging tools.
There are two general types of software bugs that may
be used, those that prevent the program from running and
those that generate bad results or incorrect behavior [9]-[13].
Fig.1. LabVIEW virtual graphical programming environment
2.2 LabVIEW modules and toolkits
The NI LabVIEW Modules and Toolkits are the add-on
software tools that extend LabVIEW graphical programming
for specific applications. More than 25 LabVIEW modules
and toolkits exist [14]. For example, NI Modules and Toolkits
created for Embedded Design integrate:
Real-Time Module
NI Real-Time Execution TraceToolkit
FPGA Module
Microprocessor SDK
Statechart Module
Mobile Module
DSP Module
Embedded Module for ARM Microcontrollers
Whereas NI Modules and Toolkits for Control design and
Simulation integrate:
Control Design and Simulation Module
PID and Fuzzy Logic Toolkit
Real-Time Module
Execution Trace Toolkit
FPGA Module
Statechart Module
Simulation Interface Toolkit
2.3 LabVIEW Hardware and Data Acquisition
System
LabVIEW integrates many thousands of hardware devices
which can be used with a single development environment. In
addition to data acquisition hardware [15], further test,
measurement, and control hardware are offered [9]. Examples
include digital Multimeters, High-Speed Digitizers, RF Signal
Analyzers, RF Signal Generators , signal Generators, High-
Speed Digital I/O, Switches, Programmable Power Supplies,
Reconfigurable FPGA I/O, Motion Controllers and vision
Systems
 The components of a Data Acquisition System (see Fig.2)
are:
Transducers/Sensors:
A transducer or sensor converts a physical phenomenon into a
measurable electrical signal. Examples of transducers are
thermocouples for temperature, strain gages for pressure
Signal Conditioning
The signal conditioning device maximizes the precision of a
system, gives sensors the ability to work properly, and
guarantees safety.
Data Acquisition Hardware
The data acquisition hardware is an interface device between
the computer and the outside world. It digitizes incoming
analog signals. It includes analog output, digital I/O,
counter/timers, and triggering and synchronization circuitry.
Driver and Application Software
There are two layers of software in a data acquisition
system: driver software and application software. Driver
software is the communication layer between the application
software and the hardware. The application layer is a
development environment in which a custom application is
built.
Fig.2. Data Acquisition System
LabVIEW driver software supplies seamless integration
across multiple types of instruments, buses, and sensors,
including data acquisition devices, boxed instruments,
modular instruments, motion controllers, motor drives,
machine vision, image processing hardware, wireless sensors,
and field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) [9].
For example, the NI-DAQmx driver software can join
together more than 200 data acquisition devices in LabVIEW
on major buses and factors, including USB, PCI, PCI Express,
PXI, PXI Express, wireless, and Ethernet.
NI-DAQmx devices include MAX, a configuration and test
utility. MAX is used to Configure and test NI-DAQmx
hardware and Create NI-DAQmx virtual channels that can be
referenced in any programming language. NI-DAQmx virtual
channels are used to map configuration information to
specified physical channels on NI-DAQmx devices. Virtual
channels are used to configure input ranges and signal
conditioning parameters, convert sensor voltage measurements
into real-world engineering units, add signal conditioning
configuration apply user-defined scaling operations and
creating NI-DAQmx tasks by adding timing, triggering, and
synchronization information [9].
2.4 NI Educational Laboratory Virtual
Instrumentation Suite
National Instruments was developed an efficient platform
for engineering education used by the leading international
companies and universities: the National Instruments
Educational Laboratory Virtual Instrumentation Suite (NI
ELVIS). The NI ELVIS (see Fig.3) integrate a suite of 12
instruments in one compact form factor [16, 17, 18].
Fig.3. Educational Laboratory Virtual Instrumentation Suite
Many modules are built on the ELVIS platform to teach
more specific disciplines, including circuit design,
instrumentation, control, microcontroller/embedded systems,
mechatronic, telecommunications
2.5 LabVIEW embedded Platforms
To reduce the cost and shortens time to design, prototype,
and deploy embedded systems, it is possible to take the
advantage of the NI embedded platforms [19]. There are three
deployment technologies:
Unpackaged Embedded Systems
These systems have a variety of processor architectures to
choose from and a small set of operating system and I/O
support. The software development tools for such systems are
not integrated. The National Instruments NI Single-Board RIO
represents an example of an unpackaged embedded system
(see Figure 4).
Packaged embedded systems
These systems are generally more expensive but they often
come with integrated software development tools and a more
extensive set of integrated I/O options. The National
Instruments NI CompactRIO represents an example of an
unpackaged embedded system (see Fig. 5).
Industrial PCs
The PXI platform is an example of an industrial PC
architecture. PXI is the open, PC-based platform for test,
measurement, and control. PXI provides a variety of
processing and I/O options for embedded applications such as
multi-core processors, high-resolution DC measurements,
digitizers, motion control...

Fig.4. NI Single-Board RIO: an unpackaged embedded
system
Fig.5. CompactRIO packaged embedded System
FPGA technology can be used within industrial PCs. All
FPGAs within National Instruments products can be
programmed with the LabVIEW FPGA Module.
An example of a cost-effective fire suppression system for
the main deck of FedEx Express aircraft using LabVIEW and
CompactRIO is found in [20].
The LabVIEW Robotics Starter Kit based on the sbRIO
9631 platform, which includes a Freescale MPC5200
processor, 110 digital lines, up to 32 analog outputs, four
analog inputs, and 32 industrial 24-V digital I/O is given in
[21].
3 LabVIEW: A Multidisciplinary
Software
3.1 Multidisciplinary Laboratory Projects
Many prestigious universities and colleges, throughout the
world, that deliver undergraduate programmes in science and
engineering are currently incorporating virtual instruments as
teaching, measurement and analysis tools for student learning.
Table 1 shows a bibliographical review of the main
applications using LabVIEW programming environment in a
general framework of engineering education. The references
are classified according to different disciplines.
Table 1. Multi-disciplinary applications of LabVIEW
disciplines references
Biomedical engineering [22]
Chemical and biotechnological engineering [23]
Environmental and ecological engineering. [24]
Aerospace and Mechanical engineering [25], [26]
Electro-Mechanical engineering [27]
Mechatronic engineering [28]
Robotics [29], [30], [31]
Control engineering [32], [33], [34]
Electronic engineering [35, [36]
Power electronics [37] [38]
Electrical machines [39] [40] [41]
Instrumentation [42]
3.2 Remote Control Projects
Distance education as well as remote experimentation, is a
modern field that aims to deliver education to students who
are not physically present on their class or their tested
instrumentation [43]. Nowadays, many students and educators
communicate with the educational material through Internet-
based technologies. Remote access is increasingly simplified
and information is stored easily. Time savings, sharing
resources of expensive equipment and individual access to
experimentation are the main factors that motivate remote
laboratories over the world [44]-[47]. Some remote pioneered
projects using LabVIEW environment based on this idea are
described in [48]-[55].
In such LabVIEW environment, the remote users can
interact with experiments through the Internet without
problems. In the friendly user interface, the distant user can
change system parameters and observe system response in
textual, graphical, or video format. In addition, some remote
laboratories incorporate a booking system, which enables
remote users to book experiments in advance [48].
3.3 LabVIEW within the New Curriculum of
INSAT
This section discusses the introduction of the LabVIEW-
based teaching/ learning tools within the new curriculum [56]
of INSAT launched in 2010 year. These activities will be
introduced in the second semester of the second year to the
three specializations (Mechatronic, Industrial and Systems
Engineering, Embedded system Engineering) offered to the
control and computer science engineering students. Since
LabVIEW is an interactive, graphical programming
language that can be used to build sophisticated applications
in a shorter time, the first objective of this course will be to
improve the learning experience of undergraduate engineering
students and enhance their interest in a graphical-based
computer language for data acquisition, data analysis, and real
time control.

Fig.6. Industrial Systems laboratory ( INSAT, Tunisia)
The learning methodology consisted of four stages:
An introductory learning period for the LabVIEW
programming language and Hardware environment.
An Application learning period aiming at solving a set of
specific software exercises using LabVIEW environment.
A designing and developing LabVIEW project period
aiming to acquire knowledge by direct experiences on
Industrial Systems Laboratory (see fig.6).
One-hour multiple-choice test: the Certified LabVIEW
Associate Developer (CLAD) exam to prove the student
technical competency.
NI CLAD Certification will demonstrate first that students
have the skills to create high-quality applications with NI
software platforms. It gives employers confidence in the
technical students abilities to create new business
opportunities.
4 Conclusion
LabVIEW is an exclusive programming environment for
data acquisition, data analysis, real time and remote control. It
gives engineering the ability to program their complex
monitoring applications with reducing time for development.
Teaching engineering using LabVIEW environment not only
improve their learning abilities in control monitoring but also
enhance their skills to create high-quality applications. Using
such common tools and platforms in engineering education
undoubtedly help educators to produce qualified engineers
who are ready for innovation in research and industry careers,
able to share results and collaborate with international
projects. Such an approach can certainly enhance recruitment
criteria for engineering job functions and improve the
countrys technical advantage.
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