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EEE 319
Lecturer
EEE, BUBT
shams@bubt.edu.bd
Objective:
1. What is a computer?
Every computer may be divided into logical units or sections. These are as follows:
I. Input Unit
This logical section of the computer takes the information or data from
various input devices and makes the information available to other units so
that it can be further processed. There are so many input devices such as
keyboard, mouse or pointing devices, disk and network connections,
scanner, video camera, microphones etc.
The main purpose of this unit is to take the information from input unit so
that the information may be made available for processing, and gives the
processed information to the output unit.
Internal working of every computer can be broken down into three parts:
2. I/O devices Input and output devices such as keyboard and monitor
provide a means of communicating with the CPU.
4. BUS The CPU is connected to the memory and I/O devices through strips
of wire called a bus. The bus inside a computer carries information from
place to place.
There are three types of buses: address bus, data bus and control bus.
Inside a Computer
Section III Address bus, Data bus and Control bus
a. Address bus
The CPU puts the address (in binary form) in the address bus and the
decoding circuit finds the device. Since CPU finds a device only to
communicate (input or output) using the address bus thus the address bus is
unidirectional.
b. Data bus
Once the CPU locates a device using its unique address, the CPU uses the
data bus either to get data from that device (input, e.g. keyboard) or to send
data to it (output, monitor).
The data bus is bidirectional since it receives data from or carries data to a
device.
The power of a computer is related to the size of the data bus, since an 8-bit
data bus can send 1 byte of data at a time whereas a 16-bit data bus can send
2 byte which is twice as fast.
c. Control bus
The control bus is used by the CPU to provide read or write signals to the
device, hence it is unidirectional.
For example if the CPU wants to read data from a device (keyboard) it will
send a read signal through the control bus to the keyboard to read the user
input.
In contrast to output a data (picture), the CPU sends the data through the
data bus to the monitor, and then sends a write signal to it to portray the
picture on to the screen.
a. Write
CPU selects the output device by sending the device address along the
address bus.
Once the device is being selected the output data is loaded into the data bus
by the CPU.
Now the device is ready to output the data. The data is finally printed or
displayed by the device upon receiving the write signal from the CPU
through the control bus.
b. Read
CPU selects the input device by sending the device address along the
address bus.
Once the device is being selected the CPU sends the read signal to the
device through the control bus.
Upon receiving the read signal the device loads the data into the data bus
ready to be picked up by CPU.