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Parsley (Petroselinum crispum) is one of the medicinal herbs used by diabetics in Turkey and it has been
reported to reduce blood glucose. The purpose of this study therefore was to investigate the effect of
feeding parsley on diabetes induced impairments in rat skins. Uncontrolled induced diabetes caused sig-
nificant increases in nonenzymatic glycosylation of skin proteins, lipid peroxidation and blood glucose.
Administration of parsley extract did not inhibit these effects except for the increase in blood glucose.
SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed no significant differences in any protein bands between
any of the groups. Copyright # 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Keywords: skin; diabetes; parsley; nonenzymatic glycosylation; lipid peroxidation; protein electrophoresis.
Table 1. Mean levels of body weights at 0 and 42 days and blood glucose at 0, 14 and 42 days for all groups. STZ was given to
the diabetic groups on day 0 (C, control; Cp, control parsley; D, diabetic; Dp, diabetic parsley; SD, standard
deviation)
C (n = 13) Cp (n = 16) D (n = 17) Dp (n = 16) p values
Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD (ANOVA)
Weight (g)
Day 0 259.63 26.36 259.87 37.13 255.77 30.80 256.83 20.36 0.973
Day 42 259.02 22.53 257.61 35.26 182.91 34.30 189.53 31.19 0.0001
p values (t test) 0.950 0.861 0.0001 0.0001
Blood glucose (mg/dL)
Day 0 71.33 17.97 71.53 24.62 71.05 21.06 70.49 18.99 0.999
Day 42 73.84 11.96 66.66 10.16 150.33 86.44 110.87 45.18 0.0001
p values (t test) 0.678 0.471 0.001 0.003
Day 0 71.33 17.97 71.53 24.62 71.05 21.06 70.49 18.99 0.999
Day 14 77.20 14.14 75.08 17.29 182.66 55.42 167.29 47.58 0.0001
p values (t test) 0.453 0.641 0.0001 0.0001
Day 14 77.20 14.14 75.08 17.29 182.66 55.42 167.29 47.58 0.0001
Day 42 73.84 11.96 66.66 10.16 150.33 86.44 110.87 45.18 0.0001
p values (t test) 0.520 0.104 0.203 0.002
control; Cp, control parsley; D, diabetic; Dp, diabe- determined by using the method of Ledwozyw et al.
tic parsley. The rats in the diabetic groups were fasted (1986). Electrophoretic examination of skin proteins was
for 18 h and rendered diabetic on day 0 by one carried out by Laemmli SDS-polyacrylamide gel electro-
intraperitoneal injection of 65 mg kg1 STZ (streptozo- phoresis (Laemmli, 1970; Yarat et al., 1995).
tocin, Sigma) in a freshly prepared citrate buffer
(pH = 4.5). Fourteen days later, parsley extracts were Statistical analysis. The result were evaluated using an
fed at 2 g kg1 by gavage, daily for 28 days, to the parsley unpaired t-test, ANOVA variance analysis and regression
groups (Cp,Dp). On day 42 after STZ injection, after an analysis using the NCSS statistical computer package.
18 h period of fasting, tail blood samples were taken from
all rats under ether anaesthesia. The rats were then killed
by giving excessive ether, and skin samples (1 1 cm)
were taken from the back of each rat after removing local RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
fur. Fasting blood glucose (after an 18 h period of fasting)
was determined in the blood samples by the o-toluidine The mean levels of blood glucose and body weights for
method (Relander and Raiha, 1963). the four groups are given in Table 1. Prior to inducing
After removing the dermis, the epidermis of each rat diabetes the groups were checked for differences in
skin sample was homogenized in 3 mL of saline solution weight and blood glucose but none were found
and kept in a deep-freeze. Skin total protein levels were (panova = 0.973, 0.999, Table 1). On day 14 immediately
measured by the method of Lowry et al. (1951). Skin before parsley administration the blood glucose levels
protein nonenzymatic glycosylation levels were were determined. The differences between either diabetic
measured by the 2-thiobarbituric acid method (Parker and either control group levels were being significant
et al., 1981; Yarat et al., 1995). Skin LPO levels were (panova = 0.0001, Table 1). On day 42 body weight
Table 2. Mean levels of skin NEG and LPO for all groups (SD, standard deviation, MDA, malondialdehyde)
C (n = 13) Cp (n = 16) D (n = 17) Dp (n = 16) p values
Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD (ANOVA)
NEG (nmol fructose/mg protein) 1.72 0.762.08 1.10 7.06 2.62 7.87 1.92 0.0001
0.327 0.321
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p values (t test)
0.0001
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0.0001
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LPO (nmol MDA/mg protein) 0.19 0.05 2.00 0.06 0.31 0.20 0.35 0.14 0.002
0.538 0.469
<> <>
p values (t test)
0.047
<>
0.0001
<>
Copyright # 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Phytother. Res. 13, 138141 (1999)
140 T. TUNALI ET AL.
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