Advanced Database

Management
System
Introduction
Dr. Syed Khaldoon Khurshid
Assistant Professor
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore

Teaching Experience
More than thirteen years

Areas of Interest

Information Retrieval Systems

Advance Database Systems Designing Concepts
Future Technologies
Entrepreneurship
Contact
Email: skhaldoon@gmail.com

Mobile: 03214306652

Google group to be joined by students:

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/advanced-database-management-systems

Download, fill up and submit the Student Information Form

at above mentioned email address.

Quizzes
They can be written (or) verbal.

Two main Quizzes.

Each Quiz contains 10-15 marks.

There can be number of surprise quizzes throughout

the semester.
Standard: Mid term, Final Exam And Total Marks

Mid-term Exam 30 Marks

Final Exam 40 Marks

Marks Allocation:
Quizzes 30 + Mid-term 30 + Final 40
Total = 100 Marks
Your Status: Class project, Quizzes and Final Paper

Your 40-50 Marks are already decided.

We need to finalize your 50-80 marks,
with your final paper.
For Remaining marks calculation:
There can be surprise quizzes.
There will be Class Project and Final
paper.
Class Project
To compensate the marks.
Second attempt to attain higher grade.
Class Project will be done by all students.
Group based project.
Max. two-three students per group will be allowed.
Topics will be chosen by groups.

OBJECTIVES:
Understanding of advance design topics of Database
Management System
Applying concepts for Project to complement the Database
System Design
Grading Criteria: ABSOLUTE Grading

A+ 96-100
A 95-80
A- 79-75
B+ 74-70
B 69-65
B- 64-60
C+ 59-55
C 54-50
C- 49-45
D 44-40
F 39-0
Recommended Book & other materials

Database Systems Design, Implementation

and Management

Peter Rob and Carlos Coronel, 7th Edition

Other Materials will be referenced after the

end of the lecture
Discovering
Computers 2009

Chapter 10
Database
Management
Chapter 10 Objectives

Differentiate between a file processing

Define the term, database system approach and the database approach

Identify the qualities Discuss the functions

of valuable information common to most DBMSs

Describe characteristics of
Explain why data is important
relational, object-oriented, and
to an organization
multidimensional databases

Discuss the terms character,

Explain how to interact with Web databases
field, record, and file

Discuss the responsibilities of

Identify file maintenance techniques
database analysts and administrators

Next
 Data and Information
What is a database?

Collection of data
Database software
organized so
Database software also called database
you can access,
allows you to management system
retrieve, and
(DBMS)
use it
Create
Create forms
database and
Add, Sort reports
change, and
and delete retrieve
data data

Next
p. 514 - 515
 Data and Information
How are data and information related?
Data is a collection of unprocessed items
Information is data that is organized and meaningful
Computers process data into information

Next
p. 514 - 515 Fig. 10-1
 Data and Information
What is data integrity?
Degree to which data is Garbage in
correct
Garbage in, garbage
out (GIGO)computer
phrase that means you
cannot create correct Garbage out

information from
incorrect data

Data integrity
Answer of the Group is lost
Joining Question

Next
p. 516
 Data and Information
What are the qualities of valuable information?
Accurate

Verifiable

Timely

Organized

Accessible

Useful

Cost-effective

Next
p. 516 - 517
 The Hierarchy of Data
What is a hierarchy?
Database contains files, file contains records, record
contains fields, field contains characters

Next
p. 517 Fig. 10-2
 The Hierarchy of Data
What is a field?
Combination of one or more
characters
Smallest unit of data user accesses
Field name uniquely identifies each
field
Field size defines the maximum
number of characters a field can
contain
Data type specifies kind of data field
contains

Next
p. 518 Fig. 10-3
 The Hierarchy of Data
What are common data types?

Text Numeric AutoNumber

(also called numbers unique number automatically
alphanumeric)letters, only assigned to each new record
numbers, or special
characters

Currency Date Memo

dollar and cent amounts or month, day, year, and lengthy text entries
numbers containing decimal sometimes time
values

Object
Yes/No Hyperlink (also called BLOB for binary large
(also called Web address that links to object)photograph, audio, video,
Boolean)only the document or Web page or document created in other
values Yes or No (or application such as word
True or False) processing or spreadsheet

Next
p. 518
 The Hierarchy of Data
What is a record?

Group of
related fields

Key field, or primary key,

uniquely identifies each record

Next
p. 519
 The Hierarchy of Data
What is a data file?
Collection of related records stored on disk

Next
p. 518
 Maintaining Data
What is file maintenance?
Procedures that keep data current

Adding records Changing records

Deleting records

Next
p. 520
 Maintaining Data
Why do you add records?
Add new record when you obtain new data

Next
p. 520 Fig. 10-5
 Maintaining Data
Why do you change records?
Correct inaccurate data
Update old data

Next
p. 521 Fig. 10-6
 Maintaining Data
Why do you delete records?
When record no longer is needed
Some programs remove record immediately,
others flag record

Next
p. 522 Fig. 10-7
 Maintaining Data
What is validation?
Process of comparing data with a set of rules
to find out if data is correct
Reduce data entry errors and enhance data
integrity before program writes data on disk

Next
p. 522 - 523 Fig. 10-8
 Maintaining Data
What are the types of validity checks?
Check Digit Alphabetic/ Completeness
number(s) or Numeric Check Check
character(s) ensures correct verifies that a
appended to or type of data required field
inserted into a entered contains data
primary key value
to confirm Consistency
Range Check
accuracy of Check
determines
primary key value tests for logical
whether number is
within specified relationship
range between two or
more fields

Next
p. 523
 File Processing Versus Databases
What is a file processing system?
Each
Records in one
department or
file may not
area within May have
relate to
organization weaknesses
records in any
has own set of
other file
files

Data Isolated
redundancy datadata
same fields stored in
stored in separate files
multiple files so it is
difficult to
access

Next
p. 524
 File Processing Versus Databases
What is the database approach?
Many programs and users can share data in database
Secures data so only authorized users can access
certain data

Next
p. 524 - 525 Fig. 10-9
 File Processing Versus Databases
What are the strengths of the database approach?

Reduced
data
redundancy Improved
data
integrity
Shared
data
Easier
access
Reduced
development
time

Next
p. 525
 File Processing Versus Databases
How do a database
application and a
file processing
application differ
in the way they
store data?

Next
p. 525 Fig. 10-10
 Database Management Systems
What are popular database management systems (DBMSs)?

Next
p. 526 Fig. 10-11
 Database Management Systems
What is a data dictionary?
Contains data about each file in database and each
field within those files

Next
p. 527 Fig. 10-12
 Database Management Systems
What is a query?
Request for specific
data from a
database
Query language
consists of simple,
English-like
statements that
allow users to
specify data to
display, print, or
store

Next
p. 528 - 529 Fig. 10-13
 Database Management Systems
What is a query by example (QBE)?
Program retrieves records that match criteria
entered in form fields
Has a graphical user interface that assists users
with retrieving data

Next
p. 528 - 529 Fig. 10-14
 Database Management Systems
What is a form?
Window on screen that provides areas for entering or
changing data in database
Used to retrieve and
maintain data in a
database
Form that sends
data across network
or Internet is called
e-form, short for
electronic form

Next
p. 530 Fig. 10-15
 Database Management Systems
What is a report generator?
Allows user to design a report on screen, retrieve
data into report design, then display or print
reports
Also called
report writer

Next
p. 530 Fig. 10-16
 Database Management Systems
What is data security?

Access privileges
DBMS provides define activities
means to ensure that specific user
only authorized or group of users
users can access can perform
data
Read-only
Full-update
privileges -
privileges -
user can
user can
view data,
view and
but cannot
change data
change it

Next
p. 530 - 531
 Database Management Systems
What are backup and log?
Backup is a copy of the
entire database
Log is a listing of activities
that change database
contents
DBMS places three items
in log: before image,
actual change, and after
image

Next
p. 531 Fig. 10-17
 Database Management Systems
What is a recovery utility?
Uses logs and/or
backups to restore
RollforwardDBMS
database when it is
uses log to re-enter
damaged or destroyed
changes made to data-
base since last save or
backup RollbackDBMS uses
Also called forward log to undo any changes
recovery
made to database during a
certain period of time
Also called backward
recovery

Next
p. 531 - 532
 Relational, Object-Oriented, and Multidimensional Databases

What is a data model?

Rules and standards that
define how database
organizes data
Defines how users view
organization of data
Four popular data models
Relational
Object-oriented
Object-relational
Multidimensional

Next
p. 532 Fig. 10-18
 Relational, Object-Oriented, and Multidimensional Databases

What is a relational database?

Stores data in tables that consist of rows and columns
Each row has primary key
Each column has unique name
Stores data relationships
Uses specialized terminology

Next
p. 533 Fig. 10-19
 Relational, Object-Oriented, and Multidimensional Databases

What is a relationship?
Connection within
data

Next
p. 533 Fig. 10-20
 Relational, Object-Oriented, and Multidimensional Databases

What is Structured Query Language (SQL)?

Allows you to manage, update, and retrieve data
Has special keywords and rules included in SQL
statements

Next
p. 534 Fig. 10-21
 Relational, Object-Oriented, and Multidimensional Databases

What is an object-oriented database (OODB)?

Object is item that contains data,
Stores data in objects as well as actions that read or
process data

Can store more types of data

Advantages Can access data faster
Programmers can reuse objects

Often uses object query language (OQL)

Next
p. 534 - 535
 Relational, Object-Oriented, and Multidimensional Databases

What are examples of applications appropriate for an

object-oriented database?
Multimedia databases Groupware databases

Store images, audio clips, Store documents such as

and/or video clips schedules, calendars, manuals,
memos, and reports
Computer-aided design
(CAD) databases
Hypertext databases
Store data about
Contain text links
engineering, architectural,
to other documents
and scientific designs
Web databases

Link to e-form on Web page

Next
p. 534
 Relational, Object-Oriented, and Multidimensional Databases

What is a multidimensional database?

Stores data in
dimensions

Multiple dimensions, also

called hypercube, allow users
to analyze any view of data

Can consolidate data much

faster than relational database

Next
p. 535
Hypercube Example 1:
Hypercube Example 2:
 Relational, Object-Oriented, and Multidimensional Databases

What is a data warehouse?

Huge database system that stores and manages data
required to analyze historical and current transactions

Quick and efficient Often uses a process called data

way to access large mining to find patterns and
amounts of data relationships among data

Uses multidimensional Data mart is smaller

databases version of data warehouse

Next
p. 536
 Web Databases
What is a Web database?
Database you access through the Web by filling in a form
on a Web page
Usually resides on
a database server, a
computer that
stores and provides
access to a
database

Next
p. 536 - 537 Fig. 10-23
 Database Administration
What are guidelines for developing a database?
1. Determine the purpose of the database
2. Design the tables
Design tables on paper first
Each table should contain
data about one subject
4. Determine the
relationships among
the tables or files
p. 537 Fig. 10-24
3. Design the records and fields
for each table
Be sure every record has a unique
primary key
Use separate fields for logically
distinct items
Do not create fields for information
that can be derived from entries in
other fields
Allow enough space for each field
Set default values for frequently
entered data
Next
 Database Administration
What is the role of the database analyst and
administrator?
Database analyst (DA) Database administrator
Focuses on meaning and (DBA)
usage of data Creates and maintains data
Decides proper placement dictionary, manages
of fields, defines database security,
relationships, and monitors database
identifies users access performance, and checks
privileges backup and recovery
procedures

Next
p. 538
Summary of Database Management

How data and information are

valuable assets to an organization
Advantages of organizing
data in a database
Methods for maintaining
high-quality data
Various types of databases
Assessing the quality of
valuable information
Role of the database
analysts and administrators

Chapter 10 Complete
Reference:
Chapter 10: Database Management, Discovering
Computers 2009
Home Assignment

Fill the Student Information Form after

downloading it from Google group and Submit it

before 24/4/2017.
https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/advanced-database-management-systems