FIRST UNIT

ST
1 WEEK WHATS YOUR NAME?

PERSONAL PRONOUNS
What are pronouns?
Pronouns are words that substitute a noun or another pronoun. Examples of pronouns are he,
she, It.

What are subject pronouns?

A subject pronoun, also called subjective or subject personal pronoun, is used as substitute
for proper and common nouns.
Examples
John is a doctor - He is a doctor
The laptop is on the desk - It is on the desk

A subject pronoun is used when the pronoun is the subject of the sentence.

subject pronoun indicates:

number: singular or plural,

gender: male or female,

person: first, second or third person.

Examples

I (first person singular) You (second person singular) She (third person singular female)

He (third person singular male) It (third person singular inanimate)

We (first person plural) You (second person plural) They (third person plural)
The words "I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they" are subject pronouns. They refer to a person or
thing in speech or in writing.

Do the exercise on the personal pronouns and check your correct answer.

Use the correct personal pronoun.

1. _______ often reads books. (Leila)

2. _______ is watching TV. (Alan)

3. _______is green. (the dress)

4. _______are on the wall. (the pictures)

5. _______is running. (the cat)

6. _______are watching TV. (my sister and I)

7. _______are in the garden. (the roses)

8. _______is driving his car. (John)

9. _______is from Bristol. (Liza)

10. _______has got a brother. (Diana)

PRESENT TENSE OF THE VERB TO BE

The verb to be is the most important verb in the English language. It is difficult to use because
it is an irregular verb in almost all of its forms. In the simple present tense, to be is conjugated
as follows:

Affirmative forms of the verb to be

Subject Pronouns Full Form Contracted Form

I am 'm

you are 're

he/she/it is 's

we are 're

you are 're

they are 're

Negative Forms of the verb to be: Interrogative forms of the verb to be.

Subject Pronouns Full Form Contracted Form

I am not 'm not

you are not aren't

Am I?
he/she/it is not isn't
Are you?

we are not aren't Is he/she/it?

you are not aren't Are we?

Are you?
they are not aren't
Are they?

Examples:

Is Brad Pitt French?

No, he isn't. He's American.

What about Angelina Joli? Is she American, too?

Yes, she is. She is American.

Are brad Pitt and Angelina Joli French?

No, They aren't. They are American.

Use of the simple present of to be

The principal use of the simple present is to refer to an action or event that takes place
habitually, but with the verb "to be" the simple present tense also refers to a present or
general state, whether temporary, permanent or habitual.

I am happy.

She is helpful.

The verb to be in the simple present can be also used to refer to something that is true at the
present moment.

She is 20 years old.

He is a student.

Remember:

I, you, he, she, it, you, they are subject pronouns (also called personal pronouns, a
term used to include both subject and object pronouns.)

am, are, is are forms of the verb to be in the simple present.

'm, 're, 's are short (contracted) forms of am, are, is

'm not, aren't, isn't are short (contracted forms) of am not, are not, is not.

EXERCISES:

Do the exercises on the simple present of the verb to be and check your answers
1.- Fill in the blanks with the right subject / personal pronouns (I, you, he, she, it, we, they):

1. Angelina Joli is American.___________isn't French.

2. Brad Pitt is American, too. _________isn't German.

3. Brad and Angelina aren't French.___________are American.

4. My friend and I are high school students..________aren't primary school students.

5. The Statue of Liberty is in New York._____________isn't in Washington.

2.- Fill in the blanks with the right form of to be ( am, are or is):

1. ___________ you the new student?

2. Yes, I _____________
 3. Leila and Nancy ___ ____students.

4. Nancy ________ Australian .

5. My sister and I _________ students.

6. The girls _________tired.

7. These women_______ beautiful.

8. The tea____________ delicious.

9. Nadia and Leila ________ friends.

10. The newspaper _________ cheap.

3. - Choose the correct answer (negative or affirmative form of to be):

1. Is Julia Robert French? No, she __________French.

2. What about Robert de Nero? Is he an American actor?

Yes, he _________________
3. Are New York and Los Angeles Spanish Cities?
No, they ________________ Spanish cities.
4. Is Big Ben in Paris? No, it ______________ in Paris.

5. Is Mount Everest in Africa? No, it _______________ in Africa. It is in Asia.

GREETINGS
There are different ways to greet people:

Greeting means welcoming someone with particular words or a particular action.

When meeting people formally for the first time, we greet by shaking hands and saying "How
do you do?" or "Pleased to meet you."

"How do you do?" isn't really a question, it just means "Hello".

When young people meet informally they sometimes greet and say "Give me five!" and slap
their hands together (high five).

Generally we do not greet by shaking hands with people we know well. We greet by just saying
'hi' or 'hello'

Here are some expressions you can use to greet people.

Greeting

Hi, hello.

Good morning, good afternoon, good evening.

How are you?

How are you doing?

How do you do?

Responding to greeting

Hi, hello.

Good morning/Good afternoon/Good evening.

I'm fine thank you (thanks)/Okey!

Thank you (thanks)/Can't complain/Not bad.

How about you?/And you?

How do you do?

Things to remember about greeting:

When you greet someone and say:

"How do you do?"

this isn't really a question, it just means "Hello".

INTRODUCING YOURSELF AND OTHER PEOPLE

Introducing yourself and others
There is a range of ways to introduce yourself and people.

Introducing yourself:

Here are expressions to introduce yourself:

My name is ...

I'm ....

Nice to meet you; I'm ...

Pleased to meet you; I'm ...

 Let me introduce myself; I'm ...

I'd like to introduce myself; I'm ...

Introducing others:

Here are expressions to introduce others:

Jack, please meet Nicolas.

Jack, have you met Nicolas?

I'd like you to meet Liza.

I'd like to introduce you to Betty.

Leila, this is Barbara. Barbara this is Leila.

Useful responses when introducing yourself or other people:

Nice to meet you.

Pleased to meet you.

Happy to meet you.

How do you do?

Dialogue:

Alex is talking to the new manager and his assistant. Notice how they introduce themselves:

Alex: Hi! My name is Alex Litterman, the new manager.

William: Hi! I'm William O'Brian. Nice to meet you, Mr Alex

Litterman.

John: William, please meet Mr Steve Lynch, my assistant

Jack: How do you do?

Nicolas: How do you do?

Things to remember:

When introducing yourself or other people in a formal situation use full names. ("I'm
Alex Litterman.")

"How do you do?" isn't really a question, it just means "Hello"

WH QUESTIONS ( QUESTION WORD)

Types of questions

There are two types of questions:

Yes or no questions

Wh questions

Question words

Question words are also called wh questions because they include the letters 'W' and 'H'.

Question words Meaning Examples

who person Who's that? That's Nancy.

where place Where do you live? In Boston

reason Why do you sleep early? Because I've got to get up

why
early

when time When do you go to work? At 7:00

how manner How do you go? By car

what object, idea or action What do you do? I am an engineer

which choice Which one do you prefer? The red one.

whose possession Whose is this book? It's Alan's.

what kind description What kind of music do you like? I like quiet songs

what time time What time did you come home?

how many quantity (countable) How many students are there? There are twenty.

amount, price How much time have we got? Ten minutes

how much
(uncountable)

how long duration, length How long did you stay in that hotel? For two weeks.

how old age How old are you? I'm 16.

EXERCISES
 VOCABULARY
COUNTRIES AND NATIONALITIES
Circle the correct words in bold to complete the sentences correctly

Alain is a France/French artist. He is Yarah is a Brazil/Brazilian

Carmelo is from Italy/Italian. He is a
from France/French.There is a dancer.She likes Brazil/Brazilian
famous Italy/Italian cook. Rome is
France/French flag in his new very much. Brazil/Brazilian is
the capital city of Italy/Italian .
painting. famous for its carnivals.

Greece/Greek is a European Han is a Germany/German man. He

Egypt/Egyptian is in Africa. Cairo is
country. Kalyca is a Greece/Greek likes Germany/German folk songs.
the capital city of Egypt/Egyptian.
musician. She is in her Germany/German is famous for its
Gyasi is an Egypt/Egyptian boy.
Greece/Greek costume. cars.
 London is the capital city of Ottawa is a big city in Canada Liang is from China/Chinese. He
Britain/British. Walton is a /Canadian. Russel is a Canada is a China/Chinese samurai. He
Britain/British author .He is from /Canadian student. He loves likes teaching China/Chinese
Britain/British. winter in Canada /Canadian. martial arts.

Naoki is a Japan/Japanese
Sedric is an Ireland/Irish teacher Lucero has got a Mexico
housewife. She is from Tokyo,
He teaches Ireland/Irish at /Mexican guitar.He is from
Japan/Japanese.She likes
school.He lives in Dublin.It's the Mexico /Mexican.He likes playing
Japan /Japanese traditional
capital city of Ireland/Irish. Mexico /Mexican music.
costumes.

WHERE ARE YOU FROM?

I AM FROM ..

READING AND COMPLETE

LISTENING AND COMPLETE

AT THE LIBRARY
Lucy: Hello School librarian: Hello, what's your name? Lucy: My name's Lucy. School librarian:
And what's your_____________________ Lucy?
Lucy: Moore. School librarian: Can you __________________ that?
Lucy: M-O-O-R-E. School librarian: Thank you. What _____________________ are you in?
Lucy: Class 1B. School librarian: Class 1B. And how ___________________ are you, Lucy?
Lucy: Im 13. School librarian: Have you got a _________________ ? Lucy: Yes, here you are.
School librarian: Thank you. School librarian: OK, thank you, Lucy. Heres your school
library ________________ . Lucy: Thanks.
Bye.
Goodbye.

Introducing a friend

Write the words to fill the gaps.

Sumi: Hi, Pablo. How are you? Pablo: Hi, Sumi.________________ , thanks.

Sumi: Pablo, this is Greta. Pablo: Hi, Greta, ______________ Pablo.

Greta: Hi. How are you? Pablo: Im fine, thanks______________ from, Greta?

Greta: Im from Germany. Where are you from?

Pablo: Im from Argentina. _____________ You. Greta: Nice to meet you too.